Vissan Bò hầm

I HC QUC GIA THNH PH H CH MINH TRNG I HC BCH KHOA KHOA K THUT HO HC B mn Cng ngh thc phm

BAO CAO THC TAP TOT NGHIEP

CONG TY TNHH MOT THANH VIEN VIET NAM KY NGHE SUC SAN (VISSAN)GVHD: Th.S NGUYN TH HIN Nhm thc tp: Ng Anh Th V Th Hong Trm Hunh Th Tho Vi Mai Th Nht nh o Th M Lm

TPHCM, thng 7 nm 2009

Bo co thc tp tt nghip

GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Th Hin

LI CAM NNhm gip sinh vin tip cn thc t trc khi lm lun vn tt nghip, nh trng cng vi Cng ty TNHH Mt Thnh Vin Vit Nam K Ngh Sc Sn to iu kin cho chng em c thc tp ti qu cng ty. Qua qu trnh thc tp, chng em c c hi cng c nhng kin thc mnh hc cng nh hiu c cch b tr, quy trnh vn hnh, sn xut ca mt nh my sn xut thc phm v nhng kinh nghim trong thc tin sn xut. Cui cng, chng em knh gi n ban Gim c, ban Qun c xng ch bin, cc cn b ph trch cng cc anh, ch, c, ch cng nhn ca qu cng ty li cm n chn thnh nht v to iu kin thun li cho chng em hon thnh t thc tp. Ngoi ra, chng em cng cm n cc thy c b mn Cng ngh thc phm hng dn tn tnh chng em trong thi gian thc tp. Thng 7 nm 2009 Nhm thc tp

Ni TT: Cng ty TNHH Mt Thnh Vin Vit Nam K Ngh Sc Sn



MC LCChng 1: TNG QUAN V CNG TY THC TP..................................................1 1.1 Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin.....................................................................1 1.2 S t chc nhn s....................................................................................3 1.3 a im xy dng.........................................................................................3 1.4 Mt s sn phm ca cng ty.........................................................................3 1.5 An ton lao ng............................................................................................6 1.6 X l cht thi................................................................................................6 1.7 V sinh cng nghip.......................................................................................7 Chng 2: QUY TRNH CNG NGH.........................................................................8 2.1 S quy trnh cng ngh.............................................................................8 2.2 Thuyt minh quy trnh....................................................................................9 2.2.1 Nguyn liu....................................................................................9 2.2.2 Ca tht...........................................................................................10 2.2.3 R ng..........................................................................................10 2.2.4 p-Massage.................................................................................12 2.2.5 V hp............................................................................................13 2.2.6 Rt dch..........................................................................................14 2.2.7 Ghp np........................................................................................15 2.2.8 Tit trng........................................................................................18 2.2.9 Bo n............................................................................................24 2.2.10 Hon thin......................................................................................27 Chng 3: SN PHM..................................................................................................29 3.1 Ch tiu sn phm...........................................................................................29 3.2 M t sn phm..............................................................................................31 Chng 4: NHN XT..................................................................................................32 Ni TT: Cng ty TNHH Mt Thnh Vin Vit Nam K Ngh Sc Sn



DANH MC BNGBng 2.1: Ch tit trng b hm ng hp.............................................................19 Bng 3.1: Ch tiu ha l.............................................................................................29 Bng 3.2: Ch tiu vi sinh............................................................................................30 Bng 3.3: Ch tiu v d lng kim loi nng.............................................................30 Bng 3.4: Ch tiu v d lng thuc th y.................................................................30 Bng 3.5: Ch tiu v d lng hoocmon....................................................................30




DANH MC HNHHnh 1.1: Cng vo cng ty Vissan.............................................................................1 Hnh 1.2: S t chc nhn s.................................................................................3 Hnh 1.3: Rau c, tri cy ti....................................................................................4 Hnh 1.4: Tht ti.......................................................................................................4 Hnh 1.5: Xc xch......................................................................................................4 Hnh 1.6: Tht ngui....................................................................................................5 Hnh 1.7: hp.........................................................................................................5 Hnh 1.8: Sn phm truyn thng................................................................................5 Hnh 2.1: S quy trnh sn xut b hm.................................................................8 Hnh 2.2: S quy trnh chun b dch rt................................................................9 Hnh 2.3: Tht sau khi ca...........................................................................................10 Hnh 2.4: Tht sau khi r ng.....................................................................................11 Hnh 2.5: Bn massage................................................................................................13 Hnh 2.6: Vo hp.......................................................................................................14 Hnh 2.7: Cu to thit b ghp np hp bn t ng..................................................16 Hnh 2.8: Thit b ghp np hp bn t ng..............................................................16 Hnh 2.9: Bn tit trng...............................................................................................19 Hnh 2.10: S nguyn l hot ng bn tit trng...................................................22 Hnh 3.1: B hm hp 150g........................................................................................31 Hnh 3.2: B hm hp 397g........................................................................................31




CHNG 1: TONG QUAN VE CONG TY THC TAP1.1 LCH S HNH THNH V PHT TRIN

Hnh 1.1: Cng vo cng ty Vissan Vissan c khi cng xy dng t ngy 20/11/1971. Ngy 18/5/1974, L St Sinh Tn Tin (tin thn ca cng ty Vissan) chnh thc i vo hot ng vi nhim v chnh l git m, cung cp tht v c coi l nh my c quy m ln v hin i nht ng Nam lc by gi. Ngy 16/3/1976, L St Sinh Tn Tin chuyn thnh Cng ty Thc phm 1 v n nm 1989 i tn thnh Cng ty Vit Nam K Ngh Sc Sn. Nm 1994, Vissan nhp v dy chuyn sn xut tht ngui theo cng ngh chu u tr gi hn 30 t ng vi nng sut 15 tn/ngy. Nm 1998, Vissan nhp v dy chuyn sn xut xc xch tit trng theo cng ngh Nht Bn v tn dng dy chuyn sn xut tht ngui sn xut hp. Tng sn lng ch bin c gn 20 tn/ngy. Thng 9/2005, Cng ty Rau Qu Thnh Ph st nhp vo Vissan v to thm ngnh hng mi: rau c qu. n nm 2006, Vissan ly tn chnh thc l Cng ty TNHH Mt Thnh Vin Vit Nam K Ngh Sc Sn, tn giao dch ngoi nc l Vissan Limited Company, l mt thnh vin ca Tng Cng ty Thng Mi Si Gn. Sn phm ca Vissan hin nay c ch ng vng chc trn th trng, vi doanh thu v th phn chim lnh. Vissan c xem nh mt doanh nghip sn xut, kinh doanh ngnh sc sn v rau c qu ng u c nc. Nng lc sn xut ca cng ty gm: Ni TT: Cng ty TNHH Mt Thnh Vin Vit Nam K Ngh Sc Sn -1-



Mt khu tn tr vi sc cha 10000 con heo v 4000 con b. Ba dy chuyn git m heo vi cng sut 2400 con/ca (6gi). Hai dy chuyn git m b vi cng sut 300 con/ca (6gi). H thng kho lnh vi cp nhit khc nhau, sc cha trn 2000 tn, p ng tha mn yu cu sn xut kinh doanh. Dy chuyn sn xut ch bin tht ngui nhp t Php v Ty Ban Nha vi cng sut 5000tn/nm. H thng dy chuyn sn xut xc xch tit trng theo thit b, cng ngh nhp khu t Nht Bn vi cng sut 10000 tn/nm. H thng dy chuyn sn xut ch bin hp vi cng sut 5000tn/nm theo thit b v cng ngh ca Chu u. Nh my ch bin thc phm ng lnh theo truyn thng Vit Nam c cng sut 5000 tn/nm ti Thnh ph H Ch Minh. Nh my ch bin thc phm do Chi nhnh H Ni qun l vi cng sut 3000 tn/nm ti Khu Cng Nghip Tin Sn, Tnh Bc Ninh. X nghip Chn Nui G Sao trang b k thut hin i vi cng sut sn xut 2500 heo ni ging v 40000 heo tht mi nm.

Mng li kinh doanh ca Vissan: 11 n v Ca Hng, Trm kinh doanh trc thuc ti a bn cc Qun trong Thnh ph H Ch Minh v cc ch u mi qun l trn 600 im bn. 47 Ca Hng Gii Thiu Sn phm v trn 700 i l hng ch bin ti Thnh ph H Ch Minh v cc Tnh, Thnh trn c nc. Cung cp tht ti sng v rau c qu cho trn 650 trng hc v c quan, khch sn. X nghip Ch Bin v Kinh Doanh Thc Phm sn xut v kinh doanh hng thc phm ch bin truyn thng.. X nghip Ch Bin Kinh Doanh Rau C Qu. Chi nhnh Vissan ti H Ni sn xut v kinh doanh ti th trng pha Bc. Chi nhnh Vissan ti Nng kinh doanh ti th trng Min Trung v Cao Nguyn. Vn phng i din Vissan ti Cng Ha Lin Bang Nga. Ngoi ra, Vissan cn t c cc chng nhn cht lng: Chng ch ISO/IEC 17025 phin bn 1999. Chng ch qun l cht lng theo ISO 9001:2000. Chng nhn tiu chun v sinh an ton thc phm HACCP. Lin tc nhiu nm lin c ngi tiu dng bnh chn l Hng Vit Nam cht lng cao do bo i on Kt t chc. Ni TT: Cng ty TNHH Mt Thnh Vin Vit Nam K Ngh Sc Sn -2-



Xp th nht trong ngnh thc phm ch bin v xp th 15 trong 100 thng hiu mnh ca c nc do Tp ch Si Gn Tip Th iu tra cng b. Hu ht hn 100 sn phm ca Vissan u t cc cp vng, bc, huy chng Hi ch, Hi thi thc phm. 1.2 S T CHC NHN S

Hnh 1.2: S t chc nhn s 1.3 A IM XY DNG a ch cng ty: 420 N Trang Long, phng 13, qun Bnh Thnh, thnh ph H Ch Minh, Vit Nam. Vissan c xy dng trn mt c lao c din tch 20ha, cch trung tm thnh ph 7km v pha Bc, bao quanh b sng Si Gn v knh Th Tc, pha ng (bn kia sng) l qun Th c, pha Bc l cu Bnh Li, pha ng Nam l cu Bnh Triu. 1.4 MT S CA CNG TY a. Thc SN PHM phm ti


-3-



Hnh 1.3: Rau c, tri cy ti

Hnh 1.4: Tht ti b. Thc phm ch bin

Hnh 1.5: Xc xch


-4-



Hnh 1.6: Tht ngui

Hnh 1.7: hp

Hnh 1.8: Sn phm truyn thng 1.5 AN TON LAO NG An ton my mc thit b Tt c cc b phn truyn ng ca thit b u c b phn che chn m bo an ton. Ni TT: Cng ty TNHH Mt Thnh Vin Vit Nam K Ngh Sc Sn -5-



Thc hin nghim chnh ch v cc nguyn tc vn hnh, bo dng, sa cha my mc thit b. An ton in: Cc thit b in c lp t, b tr ng k thut, tun theo nguyn tc ni t, thun li cho cng nhn thao tc. Cc khu vc c dng in nguy him u c cnh bo bng bin cm. Phng chng c hi: Cng nhn c trang b cc dng d phng h cc nhn: qun o, m bo h, ng, gng tay, khu trang, ph hp vi iu kin nhit v c khm sc khe nh k. C ch lm vic, n ung v ngh ngi thch hp, khng n ung hay ht thuc trong khu vc sn xut. H thng chiu sng v thng gi: Tn dng nh sng t nhin v h thng n neon chiu sng c mc vi mt dy. S dng h thng qut gi bng ng c in gip thng gi. Ting n v chn ng: Tp trung cc xng sn xut v cc khu vc gy n. Trang b b phn chng n v chng rung ng cho tng thit b. Phng chng chy n: Tun th cc quy nh phng chy cha chy: khng ht thuc ni sn xut, cc ng ng dn mi cht lnh NH3 phi kn, trnh r r ra mi trng. Trang b bnh cha chy CO2 v chung bo chy. Trm bm d phng ly nc t nhnh sng Si Gn a vo chng chy kp thi. Quanh khu vc cng trnh l khun vin cy xanh v thm c, sn bi, cc li i rng gip xe cu ha tip cn d dng. 1.6 X L CHT THI Cht thi rn: ha thiu. H thng x l nc thi nng sut 1000 m3/ngy: s dng cc b lc, gia cc b lc c mng lc gi li tp cht, bn. Tp cht, bn gi li c co sch bng h thng xch, sau c phn hy bng qu trnh ln men vi sinh. Nc thi sau khi lc bng mng lc s c x l bng ha cht ty trng cng nghip (NaOCl). Nc thi sau khi x l c bm qua h thc vt trc khi ra sng Si Gn.

1.7 V SINH CNG NGHIP Trang thit b, dng c v ha cht v sinh cng nghip: Ni TT: Cng ty TNHH Mt Thnh Vin Vit Nam K Ngh Sc Sn -6-



H thng cp nc, tr nc y . Nc dng v sinh git m, v sinh chung tri, v sinh dng c, u l nc thy cc. Dng c, thit b v sinh c chuyn dng. Phng tin ra tay, ng thot nc c b tr thun tin cho ngi s dng. Ha cht ty ra c B Y t chp nhn v khng tip xc vi nguyn liu, sn phm. V sinh trong sn xut Thit b, dng c s dng c ch to t cc vt liu khng gy c hi, khng g st, b mt nhn bng, khng thm nc. Cc thit b, dng c, dng, nh xng c v sinh v kh trng hng ngy hay sau mi ca sn xut, thng xuyn kim tra dch bnh v tiu dit cn trng ti nh my. Dn lnh phi c x thng xuyn, c h thng dn nc chy ra ngoi trnh nh hng n cht lng nguyn liu v sn phm. Sn phm trc khi nhp kho hay xut kho phi c kim tra cht lng v sinh an ton thc phm.


-7-


GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Th Hin Tht b ng lnh dng khi

Ca tht

CHNG 2: QUY TRNH CONG R ng NGHE2.1 QUY TRNH CNG NGH Gia v, ph gia p-Massage Nc

Hp

V hp

Dch rt

Rt dch

Np

Ghp np

Tit trng

Bo n

Hon thin

B hm


-8-



Hnh 2.1: S quy trnh sn xut b hm Quy trnh chun b dch rt:

Nc

Gia nhit

Gia v

Phi trn

Lm ngui

Ni TT: Cng ty TNHH Mt Thnh Vin Vit Nam K Ngh Sc Sn Dch rt

-9-



Hnh 2.2: S quy trnh chun b dch rt 2.2 GII THCH QUY TRNH 2.2.1. Nguyn liu: Nguyn liu chnh: tht b ng lnh nhp khu t c. Tiu chun nguyn liu: a) Ch tiu cm quan: Trng thi lnh ng: Khi tht l mt khi nh hnh, ng cng, cho php c t tuyt mt ngoi khi tht nhng khng cho php tht c bng , chy lnh, tit dch v tp cht l. Tht mu hng ti, khng c mi l. Trng thi r ng: Tht chc, dai, c n hi tt, mt tht khng t, m mm. Trng thi lm chn: Tht c mi thm, v c trng ca sn phm, khng cho php tht c mi i, chua, kht v mi l. Nc luc tht thm, trong, vng m to. b) Ch tiu ha l, ch tiu vi sinh vt, ch tiu k sinh trng, d lng kim loi nng, d lng thuc th y, d lng thuc bo v thc vt, d lng hoocmon, c t nm mc: theo TCVN 7047:2002. Nguyn liu c bo qun lnh ng trong bn lnh -30oC, nhit tm khi tht -18oC; m bo ngun nguyn liu c n nh v lin tc. Ngoi nguyn liu chnh ra cn dng thm gia v nh hnh, ti, gng, v mt s ph gia.2.2.2. Ca tht:

2.2.2.1 Mc ch: Lm gim kch thc ca khi tht: bin i nguyn liu (tht, m, ..) t nhng khi ln thnh tng ming nh, to thun li cho nhng qu trnh ch bin tip theo.


-10-

Bo co thc tp tt nghip 2.2.2.2 Bin i:


Trong qu trnh ca ch yu l bin i v vt l: Ct t m lin kt, lm gim kch thc khi tht.

Tng nhit khi tht do ma st vi dao, lm thng tn cc cu trc t bo dn n kh nng gi nc gim.

Cc bin i khc khng ng k.2.2.2.3 Phng php:

Tht ng lnh nguyn khi khong 12kg/hp c a vo thit b ca thnh cc khi nh. Sau khi ca xong, tht em i r ng nhit phng trong khong 16 18 gi.

Hnh 2.3: Tht sau khi ca

2.2.3. R ng: R ng l qu trnh ngc li ca qu trnh lnh ng. R ng (hay tan gi) l qu trnh chuyn bin nc ang trng thi rn (tinh th ) trong sn phm ng lnh sang dng lng m vn gi nguyn thuc tnh ca sn phm c trc khi lm lnh ng. Tht khi ng lnh s thnh mt khi rt cng nn kh khn trong khi a vo my thc hin qu trnh massage. V vy cn phi thc hin qu trnh r ng khi tht. 2.2.3.1 Mc ch: Qu trnh r ng nhm mc ch khi phc li trng thi v tnh cht ban u ca nguyn liu chun b cho qu trnh ch bin tip theo: nng cao nhit ca tht n nhit theo yu cu trong qu trnh ch bin. Qu trnh lm tan gi c coi l tt nht khi tht khi phc c trng thi ban u. 2.2.3.2 Bin i: a. Vt l:


-11-



Tht khi tr ng thng c nhit tm t -18oC -20oC. Khi tin hnh r ng, nhit tht tng dn t b mt n tm khi tht, cc tinh th tan ra dn n cc bin i trong cu trc tht v lm cho tht mm hn, vic massage d dng hn.

Khi lng gim 1,5 2 % so vi khi lng ban u. b. Ha hc:

Khi r ng, do cc tinh th nc trong cc t chc c tht v t bo chy ra s ko theo mt s cht dinh dng ho tan v lm gim cht lng ca nguyn liu. c. Ha l: C s chuyn pha trong qu trnh r ng, tinh th trong sn phm tan ra. Kh nng ht nc ca t bo khi phc li trng thi ban u ph thuc vo iu kin lm lnh ng trc : nu lm lnh ng chm kh nng ht nc ca t bo gim, nu lm lnh ng nhanh v m bo cc iu kin bo qun tt th t bo vn c kh nng ht m tr li v gi m. d. Ha sinh : Cc enzym c hot ho tr li.

Phn ng phn hy glycogen, tng hm lng acid lactic lm gim pH. e. Vi sinh :

Cc vi sinh vt trong tht c hot ho tr li. S lng vi sinh vt c th b nhim tng ln. f. Cm quan :

Tht tr nn mm hn.

Hnh 2.4: Tht sau khi r ng

Nguyn l r ng: Khi thc phm lm r ng trong khng kh hoc nc, b mt chy ra hnh thnh lp nc. Nc c tnh dn nhit thp, v vy tc dn nhit vo tm gim dn. Tc ng cch li truyn nhit ny cng tng b mt thc phm r ng cng dy. Qu trnh r ng v cn bn s lu hn qu trnh ng lnh trong cng iu kin nhng khc bit nhit . Trong qu trnh r ng, giai on u nhit tng nhanh. Giai on ny ko di n khi nhit ca thc phm gn t im tan . Trong sut giai on ny, bt k Ni TT: Cng ty TNHH Mt Thnh Vin Vit Nam K Ngh Sc Sn -12-



s ph hy t bo gy ra bi s kt tinh chm lm cho n chy nh git. iu ny lm cho mt cht dinh dng ha tan trong nc. V d tht b mt 12% thiamine, 10% riboflavine, 14% niacine, 32% pyridoxine, v 8% axit folic. Thm vo , s chy nh git to cht nn cho hot ng ca enzyme v s pht trin ca vi sinh vt. Giai on r ng cng ko di cng lm tng nguy c nhim vi sinh vt. Trong sn xut, thc phm thng c r ng bng cch t t nng nhit , trnh s chnh lch nhit ln t ngt so vi im ng, gi cho cu trc chc cho qu trnh tip theo sau. Khi thc phm c r ng bng l vi sng hoc l in mi (dielectric heater), nhit c sinh ra bn trong thc phm, v nhng qu trnh bin i din t trn khng xy ra. Nhng iu lu trong qu trnh r ng l:

Trnh nhit ln qu cao. Cc tiu thi gian r ng. t tn tht khi lng. Bo m v sinh.2.2.3.3 Phng php thc hin: r ng bng khng kh

Tn tht dch bo t nht.

S dng khng kh c nhit 16 20oC, m 55 60% lm r ng tht. Thi gian r ng ph thuc vo ln ca khi tht. i vi khi tht sau khi ca nh ny thng r ng t 16 18 gi ri a vo bn massage. S dng phng php r ng ny lu nhng tn tht dch bo t, cht lng tht tt hn. Yu cu kt thc qu trnh r ng nhit ca tm khi tht phi t 1oC, b mt tht kh, khng m t, trnh nhim vi sinh vt.2.2.3.4 Cc yu t nh hng n thi gian r ng:

Kch thc nguyn liu. Kh nng truyn nhit ca nguyn liu. S chnh lch nhit gia b mt sn phm vi mi trng xung quanh.

2.2.4. p-Massage: 2.2.4.1 Mc ch: p gia v thm vo tht vi hiu sut cao nht. Lm thay i cu trc sn phm. Ni TT: Cng ty TNHH Mt Thnh Vin Vit Nam K Ngh Sc Sn -13-

Bo co thc tp tt nghip 2.2.4.2 Bin i:


a. Vt l: nhit tht tng dn, kt cu cc si c b ph v.b. Ha hc: phn ng oxy ha, phn ng nitro ha. c. Ha l: s khuch tn ca gia v vo khi tht, trch ly protein tan.

2.2.4.3 Thit b: Tht sau khi r ng c cho vo cc xe bn a vo phng massage. Ti y cc thanh nng s a tht cng vi gia v vo trong bn v bn massage bt u quay. Bn cnh , h thng ht chn khng hot ng m bo tht trong qu trnh massage khng b bin i do cc phn ng vi oxy. Thit b s dng: s dng bn massage c ht chn khng hot ng ban u lin tc, sau gin on. Nhit mi trng: 0 5oC. p sut: 500 mmHg. Tc quay: 6 7 vng/pht. Thi gian: 2 gi lin tc; 2,5 gi gin on.


-14-



Hnh 2.5: Bn masssage

2.2.5. V hp

Yu cu bao b hp: Khng gy c cho thc phm, khng lm cho thc phm bin i cht lng, khng gy mi v, mu sc l cho thc phm. Bn i vi tc dng ca thc phm. Chu c nhit v p sut cao. Truyn nhit tt, chc chn, nh. D gia cng, r tin. Hnh thc hp dn, thch hp vi sn phm. S dng vn chuyn, bo qun tin li.

Chun b cho qu trnh v hp: Trc khi s dng hp phi kim tra li phm cht v ra sch. Bao b kim loi tiu chun c ra sch bng nc l, nc nng, khi cn thit c th dng dung dch kim long hay nc x phng long, soa, lm sch tp cht bi ct, du khong cn dnh v hp khi gia cng, ro hoc sy kh.2.2.5.1 Mc ch: chun b cho qu trnh rt dch. 2.2.5.2 Bin i: khng ng k.

2.2.5.3 Phng php thc hin: Cng nhn cho sn phm vo hp phi thc hin y cc quy nh v v sinh v cc yu cu ca quy trnh k thut quy nh. m bo khi lng tnh v thnh phn ca hp theo t l quy nh. Khng ln cc tp cht. -15-




Dng c ch bin ty theo mc b nhim bn, phi lm v sinh nhiu ln trong mt ca sn xut hay mi ca mt ln. Thao tc cng nhn:

Hnh 2.6: Vo hp

Chuyn hn hp tht sau khi p-massage vo xe. a xe cha tht vo phng v hp. Cho khi tht vo tng hp.

Cn li khi lng ca tng hp bng cn thng dng t c khi lng yu cu. Xp hp vo khay v chuyn sang phng ghp np.

2.2.6. Rt dch: 2.2.6.1 Mc ch: Bo qun: dch rt s chim khong khng trong hp gip cho qu trnh bi kh din ra d dng hn.

Chun b cho qu trnh tit trng. Qu trnh rt nng gip bi kh hp.

Gim p sut bn trong hp khi tit trng. Nguyn nhn lm tng p sut bn trong hp khi tit trng ch yu l do tn ti lng kh trong hp sau khi ghp m. Bi kh c tc dng lm gim lng kh bn trong hp nn khi tit trng s trnh c tnh trng hp b bin dng. Hn ch s oxy ha cc cht dinh dng ca thc phm. Oxy khng kh tn ti trong hp s dn n cc phn ng oxy ha bn trong hp din ra mnh m Ni TT: Cng ty TNHH Mt Thnh Vin Vit Nam K Ngh Sc Sn -16-



hn, lm tn tht vitamin, nht l vitamin C. Ngoi ra, khi cc cht hu c b oxy ha s lm thay i hng v, mu sc ca sn phm. Hn ch s pht trin ca cc vi khun hiu kh c trong hp. Sau khi tit trng hp, trong s cc loi vi sinh vt cn sng tn ti cc vi sinh vt hiu kh v nha bo ca n. Nu trong mi trng cn nhiu oxy, cc vi sinh vt c iu kin pht trin, gy h hng hp. Khi bi kh, cc vi sinh vt hiu kh khng c iu kin pht trin. To chn khng trong hp khi lm ngui. 2.2.6.2 Bin i: a. Ho hc: gim lng khb.

Vi sinh: c ch mt phn vi sinh vt hiu kh

2.2.6.3 Thc hin:

Rt dch vo n khi lng tnh t c 150g hoc 397g. Dch rt l mt hn hp gm nc, mui, bt ngt. Hn hp ny s c un nng ha tan hon ton v rt vo hp ti 80oC. 2.2.7. Ghp np: 2.2.7.1 Mc ch: Ghp np l mt qu trnh quan trng nhm lm cho thc phm cch ly hon ton vi mi trng khng kh v vi sinh vt bn ngoi. N c tc dng rt quan trng n thi gian bo qun v cht lng ca sn phm. Np hp phi c ghp tht kn v tht chc m bo khng b bt np hay h mi ghp khi tit trng. 2.2.7.2 Bin i: khng c bin i. 2.2.7.3 Thit b: thit b ghp np bn t ng (hnh 2.5, hnh 2.6). Nng sut 20 25 hp/pht. + C ch hot ng: ng c hot ng lm con ln chuyn ng lin tc. Khi bn p c tc ng th trc mm s c nng ln a mm v hp n gn con ln ng thi c c cu a con ln tin st vo hp thc hin qu trnh ghp np. hp kim loi, mi ghp kn l mi kp, tc l ch c thn v np u cun li. ghp kn hp st ngi ta dng bn con ln: hai con ln cun c rnh su ghp s b, tc l lm cho np v mp hp gp vo nhau v cun li, np hp vn c th xoay c nhng khng tho ra c; v hai con ln p c rnh nng ghp kn tc l p cho m hp chc li, np hp khng xoay c v khng tho c. Sau khi np c ghp kn th ngng tc ng ln bn p, trc mm s c h xung v sau ly hp ra.


-17-



Hnh 2.7: Cu to h thng ghp np hp kim loi (Bn t ng) 1. ng c in; 2. Bnh rng; 3. Con ln; 4. Hp; 5. Mm; 6. Trc mm; 7. C cu a con ln tin st vo my; 8. Bn p

Hnh 2.8: Thit b ghp np bn t ng + Thao tc cng nhn: Bt cng tc khi ng my. Ni TT: Cng ty TNHH Mt Thnh Vin Vit Nam K Ngh Sc Sn -18-



Xp np vo tng hp ri t hp vo mm ca my. Dng chn tc ng ln bn p a hp tin st vo con ln. Sau khi np c ghp kn vo hp th ngng tc ng ln bn p v ly hp ra khi mm. + Ra hp sau khi ghp m: Hp sau khi ghp m phi c ra sch du m v cc tp cht khc bm bn ngoi. Khi ra khng c gy bin dng hp. Thng ra bng my ra t ng. Nc ra hp phi sch. Nu s dng cht ty ra cho php ra hp th phi ra li bng nc sch loi b ht cht ty ra cn li. + Lu khi ghp m hp: My ghp m phi c k thut vin c kinh nghim iu chnh trc mi ca sn xut v trong qu trnh sn xut, m bo cho kch thc m hp nm trong gii hn an ton. + Kim tra m hp: Ly mu hp trc mi ca v t nht 30 pht mt ln khi my ghp m ang lm vic. Ct m hp kim tra cc thng s: cao, dy, rng ca m hp: kch thc mc thn, mc np, chng m hp v cc khuyt tt ca m hp. Nu pht hin m hp c khuyt tt phi dng my, tin hnh kim tra v hiu chnh my. C lp cc hp ghp m sau ln kim tra cui cng theo quy nh. S hp ny

ch c php nhp chung vo l hp sau khi c kim tra t yu cu v c quyt nh cho php bng vn bn ca ngi ph trch cht lng hoc qun c phn xng. + Th kn ca hp: C th tin hnh th kn ca hp theo mt trong cc phng php sau: Phng php ngm trong nc nng: Dng kim tra kn ca hp st trong iu kin phn xng: Ra sch hp bng nc nng v x phng, ng thnh mt lp trong chu thy tinh to c ng nc nng nhit khng di 850C. Lng nc nng gp khong 4 ln th tch cc hp, mc nc phi trn mt hp t 25 - 30 cm. Hp trong nc nng t 5 - 7 pht. Lc u y xung, sau lt ngc, np xung di. Sau quan st, nu thy bt kh trong hp thot ra hng lot hoc thot ra u n cng mt ch, th hp coi nh b h. Phng php ht chn khng: t hp ng sn phm trong mt bnh ht chn khng vi chn khng 50 mmHg. Do chnh lch p sut gia bn trong v bn ngoi hp, lm cho np hp phng ln nu hp kn. V nc trong sn phm c th theo ch h r ra ngoi trong trng hp mi ghp khng kn. + X l hp h:


-19-



Trng hp pht hin uc hp ghp khng kn trc khi tit trng, cn phi

iu chnh my ghp kp thi v c th m hp ch bin li hay ch bin thnh cc sn phm ph. Trng hp pht hin c hp ghp khng kn sau khi tit trng th cc

hp a i ch bin thnh sn phm ph. 2.2.8. Tit trng: 2.2.8.1 Mc ch: Ch bin: Qu trnh tit trng gy ra cc bin i ha hc v ha l lm thay i cu trc, tnh cht c l v lm chn sn phm. Bo qun: c ch v tiu dit cc vi sinh vt c trong sn phm. 2.2.8.2 Bin i: a. Vt l: Nhit sn phm tng dn trong qu trnh trong giai on gi nhit sau gim

dn trong giai on h nhit. Do nhit thay i nn p sut bn trong hp cng bin i theo. Th tch, t trng ca sn phm bin i khng ng k. b. Ha hc: Phn ng thy phn: Protein b phn hy thnh cc peptid v acid amin; cht bo

b oxy ha, Mt s vitamine b phn hy. Phn ng Maillard hnh thnh nhm cht Melanoidine to mu cho sn phm. Cc phn ng to mi thm c trng cho sn phm. C th xy ra phn ng kh sulfur to ra H2S lm en hp. c. Ha l: C s bc hi nc v mt s hp cht d bay hi. d. Ha sinh: S thay i hot tnh enzyme v tc cc phn ng ha sinh: Trong thi gian

nng nhit cc enzyme thy phn, oxy ha, c hot ha; khi nhit c nng ln cao th cc enzyme ny b v hot. Do lm thay i tc cc phn ng ha sinh. Ngoi ra cc phn ng ha sinh cng chu nh hng trc tip bi nhit . e. Vi sinh: Vi sinh vt c trong hp b c ch v tiu dit. 2.2.8.3 Ch tit trng: Ch tit trng ph thuc vo mc nhim v tnh cht vi sinh vt, thnh phn v tnh cht sn phm trong hp, tnh cht bao b v c tnh k thut ca thit b s dng. + Vi sinh vt:


-20-



Nhit v thi gian tit trng ph thuc vo loi v lng vi sinh vt nhim

vo sn phm trc khi tit trng. Lng vi sinh vt cng nhiu, vi sinh vt cng bn nhit th nhit cng cao, thi gian cng di. Cc loi vi sinh vt thng nhim vo sn phm tht l: Salmonella, Clostridium (c bit l Clostridium botulinum). y l vi sinh vt gy thi, c hi n sc khe con ngi, li a nng nn nhit tit trng cn t 115 121oC trong thi gian 15 30 pht. + Thnh phn v tnh cht sn phm. + Bao b Ty theo kch c v hnh dng hp ngi ta chn ch tit trng ph hp. Hp c th tch cng ln vic un nng sn phm cng chm. Hp nh th thi gian un nng nhanh do c b mt truyn nhit ln v khong cch n v tr c nhit thp nht trong hp b hn. Thi gian gia nhit cn ph thuc dn nhit ca vt liu lm hp v chiu dy ca thnh hp. Trong qu trnh tit trng hp nhit > 100oC, khng kh trong hp gin n v nc trong sn phm bay hi to ra mt p sut kh ln bn trong hp. Chnh lch gia p sut bn trong hp v p sut trong thit b tit trng nu vt qu gii hn cho php (gi l hiu s p sut ti hn) s gy phng hp, bin dng qu mc, lm bt np v cc mi hn.V th cn to ra mt p sut i khng trong thit b tit trng chng li hiu s p sut ti hn . p sut i khng ph thuc nhiu vo n hi ca vt liu lm hp. Ch tit trng b hm ng hp ti nh my Vissan: Bng 2.1: Ch tit trng b hm ng hp Khi lng (g) 397 170 C lon (mm) 9960 8440 Thi gian/Nhit 70/121oC 60/121oC p sut (kg/cm2) 2 2


-21-

Bo co thc tp tt nghip2.2.8.4 Thit b:


Hnh 2.9: Bn tit trng Cu to:


-22-

Bo co thc tp tt nghip phm vo. Bn tr nc.


Bn tit trng: t nm ngang, bn trong c ng ry y cc xe cha sn

H thng gi nn: Gi nn c dng trong h thng bao gm hai mc ch: Cung cp gi vo bn tit trng t p sut mong mun tng ng vi thi gian v nhit theo yu cu cng ngh trong sut qu trnh vn hnh h thng. S dng p lc gi nn lm ng lc iu khin cc van t ng trong h thng. Ngun gi nn c cung cp t my nn gi ca cng ty. Cu to: gm mt ng ng dn kh thng vi bn trn v bn di v van V5, van V6. Hot ng: khi p sut trong bn tit trng thp hn yu cu th van V6 m, kh nn c cp vo bn. Kh p sut trong bn tit trng cao hn yu cu th van V5 t ng iu chnh x p lc bn trong bn. B trao i nhit: Chc nng ca b trao i nhit l lm nng nc trong h thng bng qu trnh trao i nhit gia h thng nc v hi nc c nhit cao hn trong giai on gia nhit v lm mt nc h thng bng qu trnh trao i nhit gia nc trong h thng v nc bn ngoi c nhit thp hn trong giai on gii nhit. Hi nc c cung cp t bn hi ca cng ty. Nc lm mt bn ngoi c tun hon thng qua thp gii nhit. H thng lm mt tun hon: mc ch ca h thng lm mt nhm gii nhit sn phm t nhit tit trng n nhit c th ly sn phm ra khi bn. Bm tun hon h thng. H thng van:

V1: van cho nc vo gii nhit. V2: van cho hi nc vo b trao i nhit. Van s thay i khu ty thuc nhit trong bn tit trng. V3: van cho ng nc gii nhit ra khi b trao i nhit. V4: van cho ng nc ngng t ra khi b trao i nhit. V5: van cho ng x p lc bn tit trng. V6: van cho ng cp gi nn vo bn tit trng. V7: van cho ng nc vo bn tr nc. Van s m khi cn d tr nc vo bn hoc x nc t bn tr nc xung bn tit trng. Ni TT: Cng ty TNHH Mt Thnh Vin Vit Nam K Ngh Sc Sn -23-



V8: van cho ng ng tun hon vo bn tit trng. V9: van cho ng nc cp t ngoi vo bn tit trng. H thng iu khin t ng: c bn phm ci t cc thng s vn hnh, c mn hnh th hin qu trnh lm vic, thng s ang vn hnh, bo li h thng v lu tr cc thng s v thi gian hot ng, s m vn hnh.

Ngoi ra h thng cn c b cm bin nhit , p sut v by hi. Cc thng s ci t khi vn hnh

p sut: trong qu trnh tit trng, p sut trong h thng s tng t t n gi tr ci t (lc thit b cng t n nhit tit trng), p sut ny s c duy trnh trong sut thi gian gi nhit. Sau p sut s gim t t (khi bt u gii nhit) xung n bng p sut kh quyn. Nhit : cn ci t hai gi tr nhit l nhit tit trng (trong thi gian gi nhit) v nhit lm mt (nhit h thng phi t c sau khi hon tt giai on lm mt sn phm). Thi gian: l thi gian m h thng s duy tr nhit v p sut tit trng. Mc nc trong bn tit trng: ty thuc vo s lng sn phm cn tit trng trong mt m m ci t mc nc ph hp. C 4 mc nc: Mc 1: mc ti thiu, thp hn mc ny bm s t ng ngng. Mc 2: mc ny bn tit trng lm vic cho giai on gii nhit hoc ch tit trng kiu ti. Mc 3: l mc trung bnh, s dng mc 3 cho ch tit trng kiu ngp nc vi s lng 50% ti thit k. Mc 4: l mc ti a, s dng cho ch tit trng kiu ngp nc vi 100% ti thit k.


-24-

Bo co thc tp tt nghip S nguyn l hot ng:


Hnh 2.10: S nguyn l hot ng bn tit trng C ch vn hnh:

iu kin ban u: Khi cp ngun in chnh: van V3 s m, cc van cn li u ng. Contact an ton np ca bn tit trng hot ng nh sau: khi ca m th ton b hot ng s ngng, cc van u ng tr van V5 m. Khi ca ng th bn c php hot ng. Hot ng ca h thng: sau khi ci t thng s vn hnh v nhn start, h thng s lm vic nh sau: Van V7 v V9 m nc t bn d tr chy xung bn tit trng qua van V7 v nc cp t bn ngoi vo qua van V9. Khi mc nc t gi tr ci t th van V7 v V9 s ng trong sut qu trnh vn hnh ca m. Giai on gia nhit: van V2 v V4 m cho hi nc vo b trao i nhit, van V1 v V3 ng, V8 m. Bm bt u hot ng, van V5 v V6 hot -25-




ng. Nhit v p sut trong bn tit trng tng ln tuyn tnh bng cch t ng iu chnh cc van V2, V5, V6. Giai on gi nhit: khi nhit v p sut t gi tr ci t, h thng s duy tr thng s ny n ht thi gian gi nhit, sau s t ng chuyn sang giai on gii nhit. Giai on gii nhit: van V2 v V4 ng, V1 v V3 m cho nc vo b trao i nhit, bm tip tc hot ng. Nhit ca nc tun hon trong bn tit trng s gim, ng thi p sut cng gim tuyn tnh bng cch van V5 t iu chnh x p lc trong bn. Khi nhit gim xung 100oC, van V7 m v V8 ng nc bm vo bn tr, mc nc trong bn tit trng gim xung mc 2. Van V7 ng li, V8 m v h thng tip tc gii nhit. Khi nhit nc tun hon gim xung gi tr nhit lm mt, h thng tip tc tr nc ln 2: van V7 m v V8 ng, nc c bm vo bn tr n khi lng nc trong bn tit trng t mc 1. Lc ny h thng hon tt mt m tit trng, tt c cc van u ng tr van V5 m x p lc bn trong bn, bm ngng hot ng. Lu : khi bn thanh trng ang hot ng m cp in th cc van ng ton b, k c van V5 duy tr p sut bn trong bn. Khi ngun in c xc lp tr li th bn lm vic li bnh thng. Thng s k thut: p sut cc i ca bn tit trng v bn gi nc: 5 kg/cm2 Nhit cc i ca bn tit trng v bn gi nc: 150oC Dung tch ca bn tit trng: 4,1 m3 Dung tch ca bn tr nc: 3 m3 Nhit ci t :121oC Thi gian tit trng: 70 pht (hp 397g), 60 pht (hp 150g). Nhit nc khi hon lu: 100oC Nhit ti tm hp b hm khi ra l: 40oC p sut ci t: 2 kg/cm2 Thao tc cng nhn:

a khay cha cc hp b hm vo bn tit trng. Mt m gm 4 xe y. Ci t chng trnh thch hp trn bng iu khin tin hnh ch tit trng hp b hm. M van x kh nn p sut tng ng vi nhit . Sau khi tit trng v gii nhit mt phn, ly khay hp b hm ra v y qua phng thnh phm. S c c th xy ra cho bn tit trng:

Nu lm vic theo ch t ng th rt n nh. Nhng nu lm vic theo ch t ci t, do cng nhn iu chnh th c th gp nhng s c sau: Ni TT: Cng ty TNHH Mt Thnh Vin Vit Nam K Ngh Sc Sn -26-



p sut khng t: kh nn cung cp cho bn tit trng yu, do van m khng ht, ca khng ng kn. Khc phc: m ht van, ng kn ca, tng lng kh nn. Nhit khng t: ngun hi cung cp khng , phi tng p lc hi nng cung cp.2.2.9. Bo n:

2.2.9.1 Mc ch: Sau khi tit trng hp b hm, chuyn ch ca bn tit trng sang ch gii nhit. Kt thc giai on gii nhit, ly sn phm ra, vn chuyn trn xe y qua phng thnh phm. Ti y, hp c lm ngui bng qut v lau kh bng khn ri em i bo n. Mc ch ca giai on ny l nhm theo di sn phm c t yu cu v ch tit trng, kn ca m ghp c th cho sn phm lu thng trn th trng hoc c bin php x l kp thi. 2.2.9.2 Bin i: Vt l: Cc thnh phn trong hp tip tc tng tc vi nhau. Nu bi kh khng trit c th dn n phng hp. b. Ha hc: S oxy ha c th xy ra nu bi kh khng trit , lm gim phm cht ca sn phm. c. Vi sinh: vi sinh vt c th pht trin nu qu trnh bi kh v tit trng khng tt d. Cm quan: mu v mi ca sn phm c ci thin 2.2.9.3 Thc hin:a.

Cc loi hp sau khi tit trng, dng nc ra lm ngui v nhit phng, c chuyn n kho thnh phm bo n. Nhit lng cn li trong sn phm sau khi lm ngui c tc dng lm bay hi nc trn b mt bao b. Bao b kh s trnh c qu trnh hoen r thn hoc np bao b. Nu nc trn hp khng bay hi ht, hp t th trong thi gian bo qun hin tng hoen r xy ra nhanh, c khi ch trong vi ngy sau khi sn xut. Nh vy nhit lm ngui sau tit trng quyt nh phn no s h hng ca bao b.

Sn phm sau khi lm sch (khi hp kh hoc kh gn ht) c em i bo n trong phng kn hay kho thnh phm. Nhit v m trong kho phi m bo trnh c hin tng ngng t m trn b mt hp. Bo qun trong kho thnh phm 30-35oC, m tng i t 70 80%, trong vng 15 ngy.

Kho cn phi kn, kh ro sch s, d thot nc, thng gi v thot nhit. Kho bo n phi c nh sng, rng m bo dung tch cha ng theo yu cu ca sn xut. Trong kho phi c k chc chn, c lt giy hoc vi trc khi xp hp

hp c xp theo tng l (cng loi, cng phm cp, ngy v ca sn xut), chiu cao khng qu 10m. Cc hp trong l xp xen k nhau, cch trn t nht 0,75 m v Ni TT: Cng ty TNHH Mt Thnh Vin Vit Nam K Ngh Sc Sn -27-



cch nhau hoc cch li i trc 2m tin cho vic bc d hng hoc kim tra khi cn thit. Trong thi gian ny cc hp phn khc ca hp tip tc n nh ng thi pht hin sm cc hp b h hng. hp khng c xut xng trc thi gian ny. Sau thi gian bo n nu khng c hin tng bt thng xy ra c th em sn phm i lau sch, dn nhn, ng thng ri a xung kho thnh phm bo qun v a i tiu th. Kt thc thi gian bo n, sn phm c kim tra, loi b nhng n v h hng. Nu t l h hng, phng vt qu mc cho php, cn phi xem xt li qu trnh sn xut, tm nguyn nhn h hng khc phc. Nu cn thit c th hy b c l sn phm.

Cc dng h hng hp trong qu trnh bo n:

hp h hng hay mt phm cht l cc hp cha thc phm bin cht, c th lm hi n sc khe ngi s dng hoc cc bao b c nhng bin i lm nh hng xu n gi tr dinh dng v gi tr thng phm ca hp. hp h hng do rt nhiu nguyn nhn, c th pht hin qua hnh thc bn ngoi ca bao b hoc phi qua kim tra vi sinh v ha hc mi xc nh c. Thng phn bit theo 3 nguyn nhn : a) hp h hng do vi sinh vt Hin tng hp h hng do vi sinh vt l ph bin nht trong s cc loi hp h hng. Cc vi sinh vt pht trin, phn hy cc cht hu c ca thc phm, to ra kh CO2, H2S, NH3...hay tit ra cc c t. C loi vi sinh vt pht trin khng sinh ra cht kh. V vy hp h hng do vi sinh vt c th gy phng hp hay khng gy phng hp nn kh pht hin. Cc nguyn nhn gy h hng hp do vi sinh vt : Do tit trng khng ch Cc hp tit trng cha nhit v thi gian tit trng cn thit. Vi sinh vt trong hp cn sng, pht trin lm sn phm b chua, hp b mt phm cht c th to thnh cc cht kh lm phng hp. Vic tit trng khng ch c th do thiu st ca cng nhn vn hnh: qu trnh vn hnh thit b tit trng khng ng quy tc, lng khng kh cn li nhiu trong thit b tit trng lm nhit k v p k ch khng cn tng ng vi nhau, hoc khi xp hp vo gi v xp gi vo thit b tit trng khng ng quy tc s lm cn tr s truyn nhit v i lu cng lm cho hp khng t ch tit trng. Mt s hp b nhim vi sinh vt qu nhiu do thit b v do cc qu trnh ch bin trc khi tit trng gy ra, ta khng pht hin c m vn tin hnh tit trng theo cng thc quy nh, cng coi nh tit trng khng ch . Do lm ngui khng thch hp Ni TT: Cng ty TNHH Mt Thnh Vin Vit Nam K Ngh Sc Sn -28-



Cc vi sinh vt a nhit lm hng hp, pht trin nhanh chng nhit khong 49 71oC. V vy nu khng lm ngui nhanh hp n nhit thp di khong nhit ny th cc vi sinh vt c th pht trin lm h hng hp. Do mi ghp b h hp b h c th do my ghp np lm vic khng ng quy tc, hay cc mi hn dc ca bao b khng c kn. Khi tit trng do p sut trong hp tng ln qu mc, lm h cc mi ghp, vi sinh vt nhim vo. Do nhim vi sinh vt gy h hng trc khi tit trng Hin tng ny xy ra khi thc hin khng ng quy trnh k thut v ch v sinh thc phm lm cho vi sinh vt xm nhp v pht trin thc phm trong thi gian ch bin. Thi gian t lc vo hp n lc ghp kn v mang i tit trng qu lu c th to iu kin cho cc vi sinh vt pht trin lm hng hp trc khi tit trng b) hp h hng do cc hin tng ha hc hp b hng do cc hin tng ha hc xy ra c th do cc phn ng gia cc thnh phn ca thc phm vi nhau hay gia cc thnh phn thc phm vi bao b. Cc phn ng ha hc ny, phn ln lm cho thc phm c mu sc, hng v gim i nhiu. Qu trnh n mn, kh hydro thot ra lm cho hp b phng. Nhit cng cao, s n mn kim loi cng xy ra nhanh. Ty thuc acid ca sn phm, phm cht ca bao b, m hm lng kim loi nng tch t trong sn phm nhiu hay t. c) hp h hng do cc nh hng c l Xy ra trong qu trnh tit trng, bo qun v vn chuyn. hp h hng do sai thao tc thit b tit trng Trong giai on cui ca qu trnh tit trng, nu gim p sut hi qu nhanh s gy nn hin tng cng phng hp, hp c th b bin dng, h mi ghp. Do p sut trong hp c to ra chnh lch vi p sut bn ngoi qu nhiu. hp h hng do bi kh khng Trong qu trnh tit trng bng nhit, cc hp bi kh cn li s gin n gy cng phng hp. V hnh dng bn ngoi cc hp ny sau khi bo qun, thng thy b phng nh, np hp c th n ln xung c. hp h hng do xp hp qu y Khi sn phm xp trong hp qu y, sn phm s gin n th tch khi tit trng bng nhit, lm cho hp b phng, hin tng ny d xy ra hn khi cho sn phm vo hp lc ngui, tit trng sn phm cng b gin n nhiu. hp h hng v b mp, mo, r.


-29-



Kim tra thnh phm:

Tin hnh ly mu hp thnh phm cho tng ca sn xut kim tra m ghp v cc ch tiu cht lng c lin quan. hp mu phi c nhit v thi gian quy nh v tin hnh kim tra vi khun chu nhit. L hp khng c a ra th trng tiu th khi vic kim tra mu cha kt thc. Cc l hp phi c kim tra cht lng theo quy nh, phi c phiu kt qu kim nghim cc ch tiu v cht lng v an ton v sinh mi c php a i tiu th.

Lu gi h s:

Cc biu mu gim st qu trnh sn xut, kt qu kim tra cht lng hp thnh phm phi c lu gi trong b h s kim sot cht lng. Thi gian lu gi h s t nht phi bng thi hn s dng ca sn phm hp c kim sot cht lng. H s kim sot cht lng phi lun sn cung cp cho c quan nh nc c thm quyn khi c yu cu. Cch x l hp h hng: Tt c cc hp c du hiu hng do vi sinh vt gy ra, d hp b phng hay khng b phng, cng u khng th s dng lm thc n, phi hy b. Cc hp h hng do hin tng ha hc, nu mc nh th c th ch bin thnh cc sn phm khc c gi tr thp hn (tht xay...) nhng khi c mi ca kim loi nhiu, mc nhim kim loi nng cao, th khng th s dng lm thc n. Cc hp h hng do cc nh hng c l, v cht lng sn phm c th khng gim nhng gi tr thng phm km, c th thay bao b khc, tin hnh nu li, hoc x l ch bin thnh cc sn phm ph.2.2.10.

Hon thin:

2.2.10.1Mc ch: Hon thin sn phm: tng gi tr cm quan v cung cp thng tin cho khch hng.2.2.10.2 2.2.10.3

Bin i: khng c bin i no xy ra trong qu trnh ny. Tin hnh:

Sau thi gian bo n nu khng c hin tng bt thng xy ra c th em i

lau sch, dn nhn, ng thng ri a xung kho thnh phm bo qun v a i tiu th. hp c ng thng vi quy cch 60hp/thng v c bo qun nhit bnh thng.


-30-



Cc hp ng sn phm a vo dn nhn phi sch, nguyn vn, khng nt m,

phng hp, hp phi kn hon ton. Cc hp b bn sau khi tit trng nht thit phi ra hay phun hi nng, lm kh ri mi a vo dn nhn. Cc l hp xp trong kho phi c nhn, bng ghi hoc cc phng tin nh

du ph hp khc trnh nhm ln. Trn np mi hp v bao b phi in m s l hng. M s phi c in m bo

bn chc, khng d ty xo. Tin hnh dn nhn hp c th dn bng tay hay bng my. Hin nay cc

nc sn xut hp pht trin, ngi ta in nhn hiu ngay trn thn hp, va lm cho hp khi b g, bn, va c hnh thc p.


-31-



CHNG 3: SAN PHAM3.1 CH TIU SN PHM 3.1.1 Ch tiu cm quan a) Dng bn ngoi hp cha sn phm Hp phi sch, nhn, khng bin dng, thng, r v li mi ghp. Hp khng c vt en v bn, khng c vt rng ca mi ghp, cng nh np, y hp khng c biu hin phng. Hp khng c y cm c pha y hoc np, hoc n hi. Nhn hiu phi c dn cht vi thn hp. Nhn in r nt, cho php sy st nh. Trn np hp cn c k hiu bng cc ch s v ng gn, nhng khng lm hng lp thic m, k hiu cn phi r rng. b) Dng bn trong hp sau khi ly sn phm ra Trn mt trong ca hp khng trng vecni, cho php c vt en nh, khng nh hng ti sn phm. Vi hp trng vecni, b mt pha trong ph u khng b bong, khng nt, khng c bt. Tht b v dch rt c mi thm v v c trng ca gia v, khng c mi l, dch rt khng b ng. c) Khi lng hp Cho php sai lch v khi lng tnh tng hp c th nh sau: T -3,0 n +5,0% i vi hp 300g.


-32-



T -2,5 n + 5,0% i vi hp t 301 n 500g.

Trong mi l hp c ly kim tra, tng s ht khi lng phi nh hn hoc bng tng s vt khi lng. 3.1.2 Ch tiu ha hc-

Hm lng mui n: t 1,5 n 2,0 %. 3.1.3 Ch tiu ha l Bng 3.1: Ch tiu ha l Tn ch tiu Gii hn cho php

1. Ch s peroxyt, s mililit natri thia sulphua (Na2S2O3) 0,002N dng trung ho ht lng peroxyt trong 1 kg, khng ln hn 2. T l "ci/nc"

5 Theo tiu chun c cng b ca nh sn xut

3.1.4 Ch tiu vi sinh Bng 3.2: Ch tiu vi sinh Vi sinh vt Tng s vi khun hiu kh Coliforms Escherichia coli Clostridium perfringens Salmonella Bacillus cereus Staphylococcus aureus Clostridium botulinum 3.1.5 D lng kim loi nng Bng 3.3: Ch tiu v d lng kim loi nng Tn ch tiu Gii hn ti a (mg/kg) -33Ni TT: Cng ty TNHH Mt Thnh Vin Vit Nam K Ngh Sc Sn Gii hn cho php trong 1g sn phm (cfu/g) 3.105 50 3 0 0 10 10 0

Bo co thc tp tt nghip 1. Ch (Pb) 2. Cadimi (Cd) 3. Thic (Sn) 4. Thy ngn (Hg) 3.1.6 D lng thuc th y

GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Th Hin 0,5 0,05 250 0,03

Bng 3.4: Ch tiu v d lng thuc th y Tn ch tiu 1. H tetraxyclin 2. H cloramphenicol 3.1.7 D lng hoocmon Bng 3.5: Ch tiu v d lng hoocmon Tn ch tiu 1. Dietylstylbestrol 2. Testosterol 3. Estadiol 3.1.8 c t nm mc Hm lng aflatoxin B1 ca tht hp khng ln hn 0,005 mg/kg. 3.2 M T SN PHM Gii hn ti a (mg/kg) 0,0 0,015 0,0005 Gii hn ti a (mg/kg) 0,1 Khng pht hin

Hnh 3.1: B hm hp 150g

Hnh 3.2: B hm hp 397g

Hng dn s dng: n ngay, c th lm nng li trc khi dng hoc ch bin thnh cc mn n khc. Hng dn bo qun: nhit thng, khng ni nng, m. Sn phm m np ch dng trong 24 gi hoc c th bo qun lnh. Thnh phn: Tht b, ng, mui, hnh, ti, gng, cht iu v (621). Dng thnh phm: Hp thic. Hn s dng: 3 nm k t ngy sn xut.


-34-



CHNG 4: NHAN XET4.1 U IM CA CNG TY Cng ty c xy dng gn sng Si Gn, thun li cho vic vn chuyn sn phm v nguyn liu theo ng sng. Cng ty c quy m sn xut ln, trang thit b hin i, a nng, sn phm t tiu chun v sinh an ton thc phm v c cht lng cao. i ng cng nhn lnh ngh, tun th nghim ngt cc quy nh v an ton lao ng v v sinh thc phm. Ni TT: Cng ty TNHH Mt Thnh Vin Vit Nam K Ngh Sc Sn -35-



Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut b hm ca cng ty kh n gin. Cng nhn tun th cc nguyn tc an ton v sinh thc phm v trong qu trnh sn xut thng xuyn c ngi kim tra. Cng on v hp do cng nhn thc hin nn linh ng trong vic iu chnh khi lng tht sao cho t yu cu, tit kim nguyn liu. 4.2 NHC IM CA CNG TY Do iu kin mt bng phn xng nn vic chuyn tip t qu trnh ny sang qu trnh khc cha c t ng ha m cn nh cng nhn vn chuyn. Cng ty cha c h thng x l kh thi.


-36-

Documents

Vissan Bò hầm