Visual Studio Lap Trinh C 2008 Co Ban

Lu hnh ni b

Lu hnh ni b

MC LC

Chng 1. C bn ngn ng C# ............................................................................................ 1 I. Gii thiu ngn ng C# 2008 ...................................................................................... 1 II. Mi trng lp trnh ..................................................................................................... 2 III. Bin, hng, ton t ....................................................................................................... 3 IV. Quy c lp trnh, ng dng Console Application trong Visual Studio 2008 ............. 5 V. Kiu d liu ................................................................................................................. 9 VI. Cu trc iu khin .................................................................................................... 10 VII. Cu trc lp ................................................................................................................ 12

Chng 2. Xy dng Windows Forms Application ........................................................... 15 I. S dng Visual Studio 2008 ...................................................................................... 15 II. Cc control c bn: Label, TextBox, Button, CheckBox, .................................... 18 III. Menu v ToolBar ....................................................................................................... 30 IV. Common Dialog ......................................................................................................... 30

Chng 3. Array String Exception ............................................................................... 34 I. Mng 1 chiu ............................................................................................................. 34 II. Mng nhiu chiu ....................................................................................................... 37 III. String .......................................................................................................................... 40 IV. Exception ................................................................................................................... 45

Chng 4. Class Object - Method .................................................................................... 47 I. Khi nim ................................................................................................................... 47 II. nh ngha lp (Class) ............................................................................................... 47 III. Phng thc (Method) ............................................................................................... 50

Chng 5. SQL Server 2008 ................................................................................................ 54 I. Tng quan v SQL ..................................................................................................... 54 II. Tng quan v CSDL quan h ..................................................................................... 55 III. Table (Bng) .............................................................................................................. 58 IV. Cu lnh truy vn ....................................................................................................... 66 V. Mt s hm thng dng trong SQL Server ............................................................. 70

Chng 6. Lp trnh kt ni CSDL SQL Server 2008 ...................................................... 72 I. To kt ni Vn chuyn d liu. ............................................................................ 72 II. S dng control .......................................................................................................... 73 III. Cc thao tc trn d liu: Thm - Sa - Xa vi ADO.NET ..................................... 78

Chng 7. Xy dng ng dng ............................................................................................ 85 I. Chun b. .................................................................................................................... 85 II. S dng control .......................................................................................................... 85 III. S dng database ....................................................................................................... 88

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Chng 1: C BN NGN NG C#

Bi 1: GII THIU C# 2008

I. Gii thiu C#

Ngn ng C# kh n gin, ch khong hn 80 t kha v hn mi my kiu d liu c dng sn. Tuy nhin, ngn ng C# c ngha to ln khi n thc thi nhng khi nim lp trnh hin i. C# bao gm tt c nhng h tr cho cu trc, thnh phn component, lp trnh hng i tng. Nhng tnh cht hin din trong mt ngn ng lp trnh hin i. Hn na ngn ng C# c xy dng trn nn tng hai ngn ng mnh nht l C++ v Java.

Tm li, C# c cc c trng sau y: - C# l ngn ng n gin - C# l ngn ng hin i - C# l ngn ng hng i tng - C# l ngn ng mnh m v mm do - C# l ngn ng hng module - C# s tr nn ph bin 1. C# l ngn ng n gin - C# loi b c mt vi s phc tp v ri rm ca cc ngn ng C++ v Java. - C# kh ging C / C++ v din mo, c php, biu thc, ton t. - Cc chc nng ca C# c ly trc tip t ngn ng C / C++ nhng c ci tin

lm cho ngn ng n gin hn. 2. C# l ngn ng hin i C# c c nhng c tnh ca ngn ng hin i nh: - X l ngoi l - Thu gom b nh t ng - C nhng kiu d liu m rng - Bo mt m ngun 3. C# l ngn ng hng i tng C# h tr tt c nhng c tnh ca ngn ng hng i tng l: - S ng gi (encapsulation) - S k tha (inheritance) - a hnh (polymorphism) 4. C# l ngn ng mnh m v mm do - Vi ngn ng C#, chng ta ch b gii hn chnh bn thn ca chng ta. Ngn ng ny

khng t ra nhng rng buc ln nhng vic c th lm. - C# c s dng cho nhiu d n khc nhau nh: to ra ng dng x l vn bn, ng

dng ha, x l bng tnh; thm ch to ra nhng trnh bin dch cho cc ngn ng khc. - C# l ngn ng s dng gii hn nhng t kha. Phn ln cc t kha dng m t

thng tin, nhng khng g th m C# km phn mnh m. Chng ta c th tm thy rng ngn ng ny c th c s dng lm bt c nhim v no.

5. C# l ngn ng hng module - M ngun ca C# c vit trong Class (lp). Nhng Class ny cha cc Method

(phng thc) thnh vin ca n. - Class (lp) v cc Method (phng thc) thnh vin ca n c th c s dng li

trong nhng ng dng hay chng trnh khc. 6. C# s tr nn ph bin

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C# mang n sc mnh ca C++ cng vi s d dng ca ngn ng Visual Basic. II. Mi trng lp trnh

1. S dng Notepad son tho Bc 1: Son tho tp tin v lu vi tn C:\ChaoMung.cs c ni dung nh sau

class ChaoMung {

static void Main() {

// Xuat ra man hinh chuoi thong bao 'Chao mung ban den voi C# 2008 ' System.Console.WriteLine("Chao mung ban den voi C# 2008 ") ; System.Console.ReadLine() ;

} } Bc 2: Vo menu Start | All Programs | Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 | Visual Studio Tools | Visual Studio 2008 Command Prompt

Bc 3: - G lnh bin dch tp tin ChaoMung.cs sang tp tin ChaoMung.exe

C:\> csc /t:exe /out:chaomung.exe chaomung.cs - Chy tp tin ChaoMung.exe v c kt qu nh sau :

C:\> chaomung.exe Chao mung ban den voi C# 2008

2. S dng Micosoft Visual Studio 2008 to chng trnh Bc 1: Khi ng Visual Studio 2008

Start | All Programs | Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 | Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 Bc 2: Vo menu File | New | Project Bc 3: Khai bo

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* Mc nh: Visual Studio 2008 (Visual Studio .NET) s to ra tp tin Program.cs cha mt namespace tn ChaoMung v trong namespace ny cha mt class tn Program.

Bc 4: trong phng thc Main, g on m lnh sau * V d:

// Xuat ra man hinh chuoi thong bao 'Chao mung ban den voi C# 2008 ' System.Console.WriteLine("Chao mung ban den voi C# 2008 ") ; System.Console.ReadLine() ;

Bc 5: chy chng trnh, nhn F5 hoc nhp vo nt

III. Bin, hng, ton t

1. Bin a) Khi nim: - Bin l mt vng lu tr ng vi mt kiu d liu. - Bin c th c gn gi tr v cng c th thay i gi tr trong khi thc hin cc lnh

ca chng trnh. b) Khai bo bin: Sau khi khai bo bin phi gn gi tr cho bin

[ = ] ; c) V d 1.1: Khi to v gn gi tr mt bin class Bien {


// Khai bao va khoi tao bien int bien = 9 ; System.Console.WriteLine("Sau khi khoi tao: bien = {0}", bien) ; // Gan gia tri cho bien bien = 5 ; // Xuat ra man hinh System.Console.WriteLine("Sau khi gan: bien = {0}", bien) ;

} }

2. Hng a) Khi nim: - Hng cng l mt bin nhng gi tr ca hng khng thay i trong khi thc hin cc

lnh ca chng trnh. - Hng c phn lm 3 loi:

+ Gi tr hng (literal) + Biu tng hng (symbolic constants) + Kiu lit k (enumerations)

b) Gi tr hng: V d: x = 100; // 100 c gi l gi tr hng

c) Biu tng hng: gn mt tn hng cho mt gi tr hng. Khai bo: = ; V d 1.2: Nhp vo bn knh, in ra chu vi v din tch hnh trn.

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class HinhTron {


// Khai bao bieu tuong hang const double PI = 3.14159 ; // Khai bao bien int bankinh ; double chuvi , dientich ; string chuoi ; // Nhap gia tri cho bien chuoi System.Console.Write("Nhap ban kinh hinh tron: ") ; chuoi = System.Console.ReadLine() ; // Doi chuoi thanh so va gan vao bien so bankinh = System.Convert.ToInt32(chuoi) ; // Gan gia tri cho bien chuvi = 2 * bankinh * PI ; dientich = bankinh * bankinh * PI ; // Xuat ra man hinh System.Console.WriteLine("Chu vi hinh tron = {0:0.00}", chuvi) ; System.Console.WriteLine("Dien tich hinh tron = {0:0.00}", dientich) ;

} }

d) Kiu lit k: l tp hp cc tn hng c gi tr s khng thay i (danh sch lit k) Khai bo: {

= , = , ... ,

} ; V d:

enum NhietDoNuoc {

DoDong = 0, DoNguoi = 20, DoAm = 40, DoNong = 60, DoSoi = 100,

} ;

3. Ton t a) Ton t ton hc: + , - , * , / , % b) Ton t tng / gim: += , -= , *= , /= , %= c) Ton t tng / gim 1 n v: ++ , -- d) Ton t gn: = e) Ton t quan h: == , != , > , >= , < ,

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IV. Quy tc lp trnh, ng dng Console Application

1. Quy tc lp trnh Khi to mt chng trnh trong C#, chng ta nn thc hin theo cc bc sau:

Bc 1: Xc nh mc tiu ca chng trnh Bc 2: Xc nh nhng phng php gii quyt vn Bc 3: To mt chng trnh gii quyt vn Bc 4: Thc thi chng trnh xem kt qu

2. ng dng Console Application L ng dng giao tip vi ngi dng thng qua bn phm v khng c giao din ngi

dng (UI). V d 1.3: using System; class ChaoMung {


// Xuat ra man hinh chuoi thong bao 'Chao mung ban den voi C# 2008 ' Console.WriteLine("Chao mung ban den voi C# 2008 ") ; Console.ReadLine() ;

} }

* Phn B sung 1. Namespace - .NET cung cp mt th vin cc class rt s, trong Console l mt class nh trong

th vin cc class ny. - Mi class c mt tn ring, v vy ngi lp trnh khng th no nh ht tn cc class

trong .NET. gii quyt vn ny l vic to ra mt namespace, namespace s hn ch phm vi ca mt tn, lm cho tn ny ch c ngha trong vng nh ngha.

2. T kha using - khng phi vit namespace cho tng i tng, ta dng t kha using. - Ta c th dng dng lnh sau u chng trnh:

using System ; Khi , thay v vit y System.Console. ta ch cn vit Console. 3. T kha static T kha static ch ra rng hm Main() c th c gi m khng cn phi to i tng

ChaoMung. 4. T kha this T kha this dng tham chiu n th hin hin hnh ca i tng. 5. Ch thch (Comment) - Mt chng trnh c vit tt th cn phi c ch thch cc on m lnh c vit. - Mc ch chnh l lm cho on m lnh ngun r rng v d hiu. - C 2 loi ch thch:

+ Ch thch mt dng: // + Ch thch nhiu dng: /* */

6. Phn bit ch thng v ch hoa C# l ngn ng phn bit ch thng vi ch hoa.

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7. Ton t '. ' Ton t '. ' c s dng truy cp n phng thc hay d liu trong mt class v

ngn cch gia tn class n mt namespace. V d: System.Console.WriteLine()

8. Cu lnh (statement) Mt ch dn lp trnh y c gi l mt cu lnh. V d: int bankinh = 5 ; // mt cu lnh

chuvi = 2 * bankinh * PI ; // mt cu lnh khc 9. Kiu chui k t Kiu chui k t l mt mng cc k t. a) Khai bo chui hng:

string = ; V d: string tentuong = "Nhat Nghe" ; b) Khai bo bin kiu chui:

string [= "Noi dung chuoi hang"] ; V d: string hoten = "Nguyen Van Teo" ; c) Nhp chui:

= System.Console.ReadLine() ; V d: hoten = System.Console.ReadLine() ; d) Xut chui:

System.Console.WriteLine("Chuoi") ; V d: System.Console.WriteLine("Do dai cua chuoi la:") ; e) Mt s thao tc trn chui:

Phng thc ngha Length Chiu di ca chui

Substring() Ly chui con ToLower() Tr v bn sao ca chui kiu ch thng ToUpper() Tr v bn sao ca chui kiu ch IN HOA

V d 1.4: Nhp vo h v tn, in ra mn hnh h tn bng ch IN HOA, ch thng, di ca h v tn.

using System ; class HoTen {

static void Main() { // Khai bao bien

string hoten ; // Nhap gia tri cho bien chuoi Console.Write("Nhap Ho va Ten: ") ; hoten = Console.ReadLine() ; // Thao tac tren chuoi string HT = hoten.ToUpper() ; string ht = hoten.ToLower() ; int dodai = hoten.Length ; // Xuat ra man hinh Console.WriteLine("Ho va Ten (chu IN HOA): {0}", HT) ; Console.WriteLine("Ho va Ten (chu thuong): {0}", ht) ;

namespace class phng thc

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Console.WriteLine("Do dai Ho va Ten la: {0}",dodai) ; }

}

10. Bng lit k cc t kha ca ngn ng C# 2008 abstract event new struct as explicit null switch base extern object this bool false operator throw break finally out true byte fixed override try case float params typeof catch for private unit Char foreach protected ulong checked goto public unchecked Class if readonly unsafe Const implicit ref ushort continue in return using decimal interface sbyte virtual default internal sealed volatile delegate is short void do lock sizeof while double long stackalloc else namespace static enum string from get group into join let orderby partial (type) partial (method) select set value where (generic type constraint) where (query clause) yield

Bi tp 1. Vit chng trnh nhp vo 1 s nguyn n. Cho bit:

a) n l s chn hay s l ? b) n l s m hay s khng m ?

2. Vit chng trnh nhp vo 2 s thc dng ch chiu di v chiu rng ca hnh ch nht. In ra mn hnh chu vi v din tch ca hnh ch nht .

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3. Vit chng trnh nhp vo mt s thc dng ch cnh ca mt hnh vung. Tnh din tch v chu vi ca hnh vung .

4. Vit chng trnh nhp vo h tn (HoTen), im ton (Toan), im l (Ly), im ho (Hoa) ca mt hc sinh. In ra mn hnh h tn ca hc sinh di dng ch IN HOA v im trung bnh (Dtb) ca hc sinh ny theo cng thc: Dtb = (Toan + Ly + Hoa) / 3

5. Vit chng trnh nhp bc lng (BacLuong), ngy cng (NgayCong), ph cp (PhuCap). Tnh tin lnh (TienLanh) = BacLuong * 650000 * NCTL + PhuCap Vi: NCTL = NgayCong nu NgayCong < 25

= (NgayCong 25) * 2 + 25 nu NgayCong >= 25 --- oOo ---

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Bi 2: (tip theo) KIU D LIU CU TRC IU KHIN CU TRC LP

V. Kiu d liu

C# chia kiu d liu thnh hai tp hp kiu d liu chnh: - Kiu xy dng sn (built-in): do ngn ng cung cp cho ngi lp trnh. - Kiu do ngi dng nh ngha (user-defined): do ngi lp trnh to ra. 1. Kiu d liu dng sn

Kiu C# S byte Kiu .NET M t byte 1 Byte S nguyn dng khng du t 0 n 255 char 2 Char K t Unicode bool 1 Boolean Gi tr logic true / false sbyte 1 Sbyte S nguyn c du t -128 n 127 short 2 Int16 S nguyn c du t -32768 n 32767 ushort 2 Uint16 S nguyn dng khng du t 0 n 65535 int 4 Int32 S nguyn c du t -2.147.483.647 n

2.147.483.647 uint 4 Uint32 S nguyn khng du t 0 n 4.294.967.295 float 4 Single Kiu du chm ng, gi tr xp x t

-3.4E-38 n 3.4E+38, vi 7 ch s c ngha double 8 Double Kiu du chm ng c chnh xc gp

i, gi tr xp x t -1.7E-308 n 1.7E+308, vi 15, 16 ch s c ngha

decimal 8 Decimal C chnh xc n 28 con s v gi tr thp phn, c dng trong tnh ton ti chnh, kiu ny i hi phi c hu t m hay M

long 8 Int64 Kiu s nguyn c du c gi tr trong khong -9.223.370.036.854.775.808 n 9.223.372.036.854.775.807

ulong 8 Uint64 S nguyn khng du t 0 n 0xfffffffffffffff

* Bng trnh by cc k t c bit K t ngha \' Du nhy n \" Du nhy kp \\ Du cho \0 K t null \a Alert \b Backspace \f Sang trang form feed \n Dng mi \r u dng \t Tab ngang \v Tab dc

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2. Chuyn i kiu d liu V d a:

short x = 10 ; int y = x ; // chuyn i ngm nh

V d b: short x ; int y = 100 ; x = (short) y ; // p kiu tng minh, trnh bin dch khng bo li

V d c: short x ; int y = 100 ; x = y ; // khng bin dch, li

VI. Cu trc iu khin

1. Cu lnh if else a) C php:

if (iu_Kin)

[else ]

b) V d 2.1: Dng cu lnh iu kin if else using System; class Chan_Le {


// Khai bao va khoi tao bien int bienDem = 9 ; // Xuat ra man hinh if (bienDem % 2 == 0)

Console.WriteLine("{0} la so chan", bienDem) ; else Console.WriteLine("{0} la so le", bienDem) ;

} }

2. Cu lnh if lng nhau a. C php:

if (iu_Kin_1)

else if (iu_Kin_2)

else

b. V d 2.2: using System; class Thu_Trong_Tuan


{ static void Main() {

// Khai bao va khoi tao bien int thu = 5 ; // 0: Chu nhat, 1: Thu hai, 2: Thu ba, 3: Thu tu,

// 4: Thu nam, 5: Thu sau, 6: Thu bay // Xuat ra man hinh if ((thu == 1) || (thu == 3) || (thu == 5))

Console.WriteLine("Day la ngay 2-4-6") ; else if ((thu == 2) || (thu == 4) || (thu == 6))

Console.WriteLine("Day la ngay 3-5-7") ; else Console.WriteLine("Day la ngay chu nhat") ;

} }

3. Cu lnh switch a. C php:

switch (Biu_Thc) {

case : < Khi lnh 1>

case : < Khi lnh 2>

.

[default: < Khi lnh khc>]

} b. V d 2.3: using System; class Thu {


// Khai bao va khoi tao bien int thu = 5 ; // 0: Chu nhat, 1: Thu hai, 2: Thu ba, 3: Thu tu,

// 4: Thu nam, 5: Thu sau, 6: Thu bay // Xuat ra man hinh switch (thu) {

case 0: Console.WriteLine("Chu nhat") ; break;

case 1: Console.WriteLine("Thu hai") ; break;

case 2:


Console.WriteLine("Thu ba") ; break;

case 3: Console.WriteLine("Thu tu") ; break;

case 4: Console.WriteLine("Thu nam") ; break;

case 5: Console.WriteLine("Thu sau") ; break;

case 6: Console.WriteLine("Thu bay") ; break;

default: Console.WriteLine("Khong phai la thu trong tuan") ; break;

} }

}

VII. Cu trc lp

1. Lnh lp while a. C php:

while (iu_Kin) < Khi lnh>

b. V d 2.4: using System; class UsingWhile {


// Khai bao va khoi tao bien dem int i = 1 ; // Xuat ra man hinh while (i

while (iu_Kin) ;


b. V d 2.5: using System; class UsingDoWhile {


// Khai bao va khoi tao bien dem int i = 1 ; // Xuat ra man hinh do {

Console.WriteLine("i = {0}",i) ; i++ ; // tang bien dem

} while (i

b. V d 2.6: using System; class UsingFor {


for (int i=1 ; i

b. V d 2.7: using System; public class UsingForeach {

public static void Main() {

int[] intArray = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}; foreach (int item in intArray)

Console.WriteLine("i = {0} ",item) ; }

}


Bi tp

1. Vit chng trnh nhp vo 3 s nguyn. In ra mn hnh s nguyn nh nht trong 3 s .

2. Vit chng trnh nhp vo h tn, im thi cui k ca mt hc sinh. In ra h tn hc sinh bng ch IN HOA, v kt qu xp loi ca hc sinh theo tiu chun sau: - Gii: Nu im kt qu >= 8 - Kh: Nu 8 > im >= 6.5 - Trung bnh: Nu 6.5 > im >= 5 - Yu: Nu im < 5

3. Vit chng trnh gii phng trnh bc 1: bx + c = 0 4. Vit chng trnh gii phng trnh bc 2: ax2 + bx + c = 0 5. Vit chng trnh nhp vo mt s nguyn cho n khi nhn c s nguyn dng th

dng. 6. Vit chng trnh nhp vo mt s nguyn n. Cho bit s nguyn n c phi l s nguyn

t khng ? 7. Vit chng trnh nhp vo mt s nguyn dng n ch nm dng lch. Cho bit n c

phi l nm nhun khng ? 8. Vit chng trnh nhp vo s nguyn dng n. In ra mn hnh kt qu ca cc tng sau:

a) S1 = 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n b) S2 = 1 + 12 +

13 + ... +

1n

9. Vit chng trnh nhp vo s nguyn dng n. In ra mn hnh: a) Cc s nguyn dng t 1 n n b) Tng v trung bnh cng ca n s nguyn dng ny.

--- oOo ---


Chng 2: XY DNG WINDOWS FORMS APPLICATION

Bi 3: XY DNG WINDOWS FORMS APPLICATION

I. S dng Microsoft Visual Studio 2008

1. Khi ng Bc 1: Khi ng Visual Studio 2008

Start | All Programs | Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 | Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 Bc 2: Vo menu File | New | Project Bc 3: Khai bo

M hp ToolBox: Menu View | ToolBox cha cc control M ca s Properties: Menu View | Properties cha thuc tnh M ca s Solution Explorer: Menu View | Solution Explorer ca s Project

xut hin. Bc 4: Thit k Form Vit code Thit k form: Nhp vo View Designer (trong ca s Solution Explorer) Vit code: Nhp vo View Code (trong ca s Solution Explorer) Bc 5: chy chng trnh, nhn F5 hoc nhp vo nt

dng chng trnh, nhn Shift + F5 hoc nhp vo nt * Cc thao tc vi Project / Solution

a. To Project


C1. Vo menu File | New | Project C2. Ctrl + Shift + N C3. Chn cng c New Project trn thanh Standart b. M Project / Solution: C1. Vo menu File | Open | Project / Solution C2. Ctrl + Shift + O c. Lu Project / Solution C1. Vo menu File | Save All C2. Chn cng c Save All trn thanh Standart d. ng Solution: Vo menu File | Close Solution

2. Mn hnh giao din ca Windows Forms a. Ca s thit k Form (Designer):

b. Ca s thit vit code:

* Cc thao tc vi Form a. Thm mt Form mi vo Project:


b1. C1. Vo menu Project | Add New Item C2. Chn cng c Add New Item trn thanh Standart

b2. Khai bo + Categories: chn Windows Forms + Templates: chn Windows Form + Name: t tn Form

b3. Nhp Add b. Thm mt Form c sn vo Project: b1. Vo menu Project | Add Existing Item b2. Chn Form b3. Nhp Add c. Xa b mt Form ang c trong Project: b1. Chn Form cn g b ( ca s Solution Explorer) b2. Vo menu Edit | Delete d. Lu Form - Vo menu File | Save Form.cs - Ctrl + S

* Ghi ch - Ta em b vo form cc i tng nh: Label, TextBox, Button,

+ Label, TextBox, Button, c gi l control hay cn gi l component. + Form c gi l control cha.

- Khi thay i ni dung ca Label, TextBox, Button, ta thay i vo Text. Text c gi l Property ca control.

3. Control l g? - Control l lp (class) cc thnh phn c thm vo Windows Forms tng tc gia

ngi s dng vi Windows. - C rt nhiu loi control trong Windows Forms nh: Label, TextBox, ListBox,

ComboBox, Button, - Cc control s dng trn Windows Forms dng namespace System.Windows.Forms.

4. Properties (thuc tnh) ca control - Properties l nhng thng tin m ta c th thay i ni dung, cch trnh by ca

ngi thit k ng dng vo control. - Mi lp (class) c nhiu property khc nhau. Tuy nhin, vn c mt s property ging

nhau c xy dng t lp ban u. * Bng trnh by cc thuc tnh (Properties) ging nhau

Thuc tnh M t Anchor C 4 hng c nh ngha l: top, bottom, left, right c nh (neo).

Khi control cha n thay i kch thc th n s b thay i kch thc nu nu cc hng left / right / top / bottom b c nh (neo).

BackColor Mu nn ca control. Bottom L khong cch theo chiu dc t cnh y ca control n cnh trn

ca control cha n. Dock Ging nh Anchor nhng vic c nh (neo) ny theo mt cnh no

ca control (hoc c 4 cnh) vi control cha n. Enabled Control c php tng tc (True) hay khng c php tng tc

(False)) vi ngi dng.


ForeColor Mu ch ca control. Height L chiu cao ca control tnh t cnh trn ca control n cnh di ca

control. Left L khong cch theo chiu ngang t cnh tri ca control n cnh tri

ca control cha n. Name Tn ca control. Parent Ch n control cha control hin hnh. Right L khong cch theo chiu ngang t cnh phi ca control n cnh tri

ca control cha n. TabIndex Th t focus khi nhn phm Tab (trn bn phm) ca control so vi cc

control khc cng nm trong control cha n. TabStop Ch nh control c c php bt (True) / khng c php bt

(False) phm Tab. Nu khng c php th TabIndex cng khng dng c.

Tag L nhn phn bit gia cc control ging nhau trong cng form. Text Ni dung hin trong control. Top L khong cch theo chiu dc t cnh trn ca control n cnh trn

ca control cha n. Visible Cho php control hin (True) / khng hin (False) khi chy ng dng. Width L chiu rng ca control tnh t cnh tri ca control n cnh phi ca

control.

* Bng trnh by cc phng thc (Method) x l trn chui Phng thc M t Clear() Xa ni dung ResetText() Xa ni dung Text Trim() Ct b khong trng tha hai bn chui

II. Cc control c bn

1. Label ( ) a. Cng dng: - Hin th chui k t khng thay i trn form (nhn). b. To Label: - Chn cng c - R chut v v Label trn form. c. Thuc tnh: Thuc tnh M t AutoSize iu chnh kch thc i tng cho va vi chiu di chui k t Font

Name Quy nh font ch cho vn bn Bold True: m / False: b m Italic True: nghing / False: b nghing Size Quy nh c ch cho vn bn Underline True: gch di / False: b gch di

TextAlign Canh l (Left / Center / Right) 2. TextBox ( )


a. Cng dng: - Dng trnh by vn bn v cho php ngi dng c thay i ni dung vn bn. - Cng dng chnh l cho ngi dng nhp vn bn. b. To TextBox: - Chn cng c - R chut v v TextBox trn form. c. Thuc tnh: Thuc tnh M t PasswordChar Quy nh k t hin th cho mt khu. Multiline True: hin thanh cun / False: khng hin thanh cun ScrollBars Thanh cun (None / Horizontal / Vertical / Both)

3. Button ( ) a. Cng dng: - Dng thc thi lnh. - Khi nhp chut ln button, chng trnh nhn c tn hiu Click v lnh c thi hnh. b. To Button: - Chn cng c - R chut v v Button trn form. c. Thuc tnh: Thuc tnh M t Text Nhp ni dung vo Button

4. CheckBox ( ) a. Cng dng: - Cho php ngi dng chn hoc khng chn. b. To CheckBox: - Chn cng c - R chut v v CheckBox trn form. c. Thuc tnh: Thuc tnh M t Checked Khng c du check (False) / C du check (True)

V d 3.1: * Khi to mt ng dng Windows Forms Application, lu vi tn l Vi Du 3.1 nh sau:

* Yu cu: - Nhp:

+ Username vo TextBox Tn ng nhp (Name: txtUser) + Password vo TextBox Mt khu (Name: txtPass)


- Chn hoc khng chn CheckBox Ghi nh (Name: chkNho) - Nhp button ng nhp th hin ra hp thng bo cha Tn ng nhp, Mt khu; V

Bn c ghi nh (nu chkNho c nh du chn). - Nhp button Xa th xa trng TextBox Tn ng nhp v TextBox Mt khu, ng

thi di chuyn con tr vo txtUser. - Nhp button Dng th dng chng trnh. * Hng dn: - Thit k Form nh yu cu, trong form c cc thuc tnh sau:

+ AutoSize: True + Font: Times New Roman + Size: 12 + Text: Form ng Nhp + Icon: logo.ico

- Nhp p vo button ng nhp, thm on code sau: string thongbao; thongbao = "Tn ng nhp l: " ; thongbao += this.txtUser.Text ; thongbao += "\n\rMt khu l: " ; thongbao += this.txtPass.Text; if (this.chkNho.Checked==true) {

thongbao += "\n\rBn c ghi nh."; } MessageBox.Show(thongbao,"Thng bo");

- Nhp p vo button Xa, thm on code sau: this.txtUser.Clear(); this.txtPass.Clear(); this.txtUser.Focus();

- Nhp p vo button Dng, thm on code sau: Application.Exit();

+ C th thay button Xa bng button Reset vi on code nh sau: this.txtUser.ResetText(); this.txtPass.ResetText(); this.txtUser.Focus();

* Phn B sung: 1. MessageBox.Show: hin hp thng bo

MessageBox.Show("Thng bo" , "Tiu "); MessageBox.Show("Thng bo", "Tiu ", Buttons, Icon); + Buttons (nt lnh): MessageBoxButtons.OK MessageBoxButtons.OKCancel MessageBoxButtons.YesNo MessageBoxButtons.YesNoCancel

+ Icon (biu tng): MessageBoxIcon.Information MessageBoxIcon.Question MessageBoxIcon.Warning

+ DialogResult (kt qu tr v): DialogResult.Ok


DialogResult.Yes 2. Dng chng trnh:

this.Close(); Application.Exit();

3. Event (s kin) l g? - S kin l nhng phn ng ca i tng. Ni cch khc, s kin l nhng tn hiu pht

ra khi ngi dng thao tc trn i tng. - Nh c event, ngi lp trnh s nhn c nhng tn hiu v x l nhng tn hiu

phn hi li cho ngi dng, to nn s nhp nhng cho chng trnh. 4. Bng trnh by cc s kin (Events) ca control

S kin M t Click Gi n khi control b Click. Trong mt vi control, event ny cng xy

ra khi ngi dng nhn phm Enter. DoubleClick Gi n khi control b Double-Click. Trong mt vi control, event ny

khng bo gi c gi. V d: control Button. DragDrop Gi n khi vic Drag and Drop c hon tt. DragEnter Gi n khi i tng va c Drag n bin ca control. DragLeave Gi n khi i tng va c Drag ra ngoi bin ca control. DragOver Gi n khi i tng c Drag bn trong control. KeyDown Gi n khi va bm mt phm bt k t 1 control ang focus.

S kin ny lun c gi trc s kin KeyUp. KeyPress Gi n khi va bm mt phm bt k t 1 control c focus.

S kin ny c gi sau s kin KeyUp. KeyUp Gi n khi va bm mt phm bt k ri th ra t 1 control ang focus.

S kin ny lun c gi sau s kin KeyDown. GotFocus Gi n khi control c focus. LostFocus Gi n khi control b mt focus. MouseDown Gi n khi con tr chut nm trn 1 control v nt chut c nhp

nhng cha th ra. MouseMove Gi n khi con tr chut i qua 1 control. MouseUp Gi n khi con tr chut nm trn 1 control v nt chut va c th. Paint Gi n khi control c v. Validated Gi n khi control focus, property CaucesValidation c t l true

v sau khi gi vic kim tra bng Validating. Validating Gi n khi control mt focus, property CaucesValidation c t l

true.

V d 3.2: * Ci tin Vi Du 3.1 cho button Dng nh sau: - Khi nhp vo button Dng th xut hin hp thoi hi p c 2 button Ok, Cancel. - Chng trnh ch dng khi nhp tip vo nt Ok. * Hng dn: Sa li button Dng nh sau

DialogResult traloi; traloi = MessageBox.Show("Chc khng?", "Tr li", MessageBoxButtons.OKCancel, MessageBoxIcon.Question); if ( traloi == DialogResult.OK) Application.Exit();

V d 3.3: * Khi to mt ng dng Windows Forms Application, lu vi tn l Vi Du 3.3 gm:


- Form1: c thit k nh sau

- Form2: c thit k nh sau

(txtUser, txtPass, btnDangnhap, btnThoat) * Yu cu: - Khi chy chng trnh th Form2 (ng nhp h thng) c m ln trc. - Nhp:

+ Tn ngi dng vo TextBox txtUser + Mt khu vo TextBox txtPass

- Nhp button ng nhp th thc hin kim tra + Nu txtUser = "teonv" v txtPass = "123" th chuyn sang Form1. + Ngc li th thng bo "Khng ng tn ngi dng / mt khu !!!"

- Nhp button Thot th hin th thng bo "Chc khng? " + Nu chn Yes th kt thc chng trnh. + Ngc li th tr li mn hnh ng nhp h thng.

* Hng dn: - Form1 . Thit k Form nh yu cu, trong form c cc thuc tnh sau:

+ AutoSize: True + Font: Times New Roman + Size: 12 + Text: Mn hnh chnh + Icon: star.ico

. Form load: Form frm = new Form2(); frm.ShowDialog();

- Form2 . Thit k Form nh yu cu, trong form c cc thuc tnh sau:

+ AutoSize: True + Font: Times New Roman


+ Size: 12 + Text: ng nhp h thng + Icon: logo.ico

. ng nhp: Nhp p vo button btnDangnhap, g vo on code sau if ((this.txtUser.Text=="teonv")&&(this.txtPass.Text=="123"))

this.Close(); else {

MessageBox.Show("Khng ng tn ngi dng / mt khu !!!","Thng bo"); this.txtUser.Focus();

} . Thot: Nhp p vo button btnThoat, g vo on code sau

DialogResult traloi; traloi = MessageBox.Show("Chc khng?", "Tr li", MessageBoxButtons.OKCancel, MessageBoxIcon.Question); if ( traloi == DialogResult.OK)

Application.Exit();

Bi tp

1. - Thit k form nh mu.

(txtsSo1, txtSo2, txtKQ, btnCong, btnTru, btnNhan, btnChia, btnXoa) - Vit chng trnh lm cc php ton: cng, tr, nhn, chia cho cc button btnCong, btnTru, btnNhan, btnChia.

- Xa: Xa trng cc TextBox. - Thm vo button Dng (btnDung), khi nhp vo btnDung th dng chng trnh. - Ci tin: Khi nhp button btnChia, nu txtSo2 l 0 th xut hin hp thng bo li ri xa trng txtSo2 v di chuyn con tr n TextBox ny.

2. Vit chng trnh gii phng trnh bc nht: bx + c = 0


(txtB, txtC, btnGiai, txtKQ) - Thm vo button Dng, khi nhp vo button ny th dng chng trnh.

3. Vit chng trnh gii phng trnh bc hai: ax2 + bx + c = 0 4. Vit chng trnh nhp vo: h tn (txtHoTen), n (chkNu), im vn (txtVan), im

ton (txtToan), im ngoi ng (txtNN). - Nhp vo nt Tnh (btnTinh) th in ra im thp nht (txtDTN), im kt qu (txtDKQ), xp loi (txtXL). Bit rng: + im thp nht: txtDTN l im thp nht trong 3 im: vn, ton, ngoi ng. + im thm: DThem = 0.5 nu l n; DThem = 0 nu l nam. + im kt qu: txtKQ = txtVan * 2 + txtToan * 2 + txtNN + DThem + Xp loi theo tiu chun:

. Gii: nu txtKQ >= 40 v txtDTN >= 7

. Kh: nu txtKQ >=35 v txtDTN >= 6

. Trung bnh: nu txtKQ >= 25 v txtDTN >= 5

. Yu: cc trng hp cn li - Nhp vo nt Xa (btnXoa) th xa ht cc ni dung trong cc TextBox. - Thm vo button Dng, khi nhp vo button ny th dng chng trnh.

5. Vit chng trnh to mt ng dng gm: - Form1: Mn hnh chnh c 5 button: Bi tp 1 (btnBT1), Bi tp 2 (btnBT2), Bi tp 3

(btnBT3), Bi tp 4 (btnBT4), Thot (btnThoat). + Khi nhp vo Button Bi Tp 1: m Form2 + Khi nhp vo Button Bi Tp 2: m Form3 + Khi nhp vo Button Bi Tp 3: m Form4 + Khi nhp vo Button Bi Tp 4: m Form5 - Form2: thc hin bi tp 1. B sung Button Tr v ng Form2. - Form3: thc hin bi tp 2. B sung Button Tr v ng Form3. - Form4: thc hin bi tp 3. B sung Button Tr v ng Form4. - Form5: thc hin bi tp 4. B sung Button Tr v ng Form5.

--- oOo ---


Bi 4: (tip theo) XY DNG WINDOWS FORMS APPLICATION

5. ListBox ( ) a. Cng dng: - Dng hin th mt danh sch cc la chn. b. To ListBox: - Chn cng c - R chut v v ListBox trn form. c. Thuc tnh: Thuc tnh M t Items Cc mc gi tr trong ListBox SelectedItem Item c chn Phng thc M t Add("chui") Thm mt mc gi tr l "chui" ToString() Tr v chui k t c chn * Nhp gi tr vo ListBox: .Items.Add ("Chui") ; * Ly gi tr trong ListBox: .SelectedItem.ToString() ; V d 4.1: * Khi to mt ng dng Windows Forms Application, lu vi tn l Vi Du 4.1 nh sau:

* Yu cu: - ListBox lstWeb (Lin kt website) cha cc gi tr:

+ Tui tr + Thanh nin + VNExpress + Dn tr + Cng an

- TextBox txtKQ (cha kt qu) trng. - Nhp button btnOk (Ok) s hin trong txtKQ tn website c chn lstWeb. - Nhp button btnReset (Reset) s xa trng txtKQ. * Hng dn: - Thit k Form nh yu cu, trong form c cc thuc tnh sau:

+ AutoSize: True + Font: Times New Roman + Size: 12 + Text: FormWebLinks

- Nhp p vo button Ok ri thm on code sau: this.txtKQ.Text = "Bn chn website "; this.txtKQ.Text += this.lstWeb.SelectedItem.ToString();


- Nhp p vo button Reset ri thm on code sau: this.txtKQ.ResetText();

* Ci tin: Ta c th a cc gi tr ca lstWeb trong Form1_Load. + Thit k li form nh sau

+ Nhp p chut vo nn form, ri g on code this.lstWeb.Items.Add("Tui tr"); this.lstWeb.Items.Add("Thanh nin"); this.lstWeb.Items.Add("VNExpress"); this.lstWeb.Items.Add("Dn tr"); this.lstWeb.Items.Add("Cng an"); this.lstWeb.SelectedItem = "Tui tr";

6. ComboBox ( ) a. Cng dng: - Dng hin th mt danh sch cc la chn / hoc nhp vo mt gi tr. b. To ComboBox: - Chn cng c - R chut v v ComboBox trn form. c. Thuc tnh: Thuc tnh M t DisplayMember Gn ni dung th hin trn ComboBox Items Lit k cc mc gi tr trong ComboBox SelectedItem Ly Item c chn SelectedText Ly ni dung th hin trn ComboBox t DisplayMember SelectedValue Ly gi tr t ValueMember ValueMember Gn gi tr cho ComboBox


* Yu cu: Thc hin ging nh V d 4.1,

nhng thay ListBox bng ComboBox cbWeb.


7. RadioButton ( ) a. Cng dng: - Dng chn mt trong cc la chn trong danh sch. b. To RadioButton: - Chn cng c - R chut v v RadioButton trn form. c. Thuc tnh: Thuc tnh M t Checked Khng c du chn (False) / C du chn (True)

8. GroupBox ( ) a. Cng dng: - To ra mt nhm. b. GroupBox: - Chn cng c - R chut v v GroupBox trn form. c. Thuc tnh: Thuc tnh M t BackgroundImage Hnh nn BackgroundImageLayout None / Tile / Center / Stretch / Zoom


* Yu cu: - Nhp h v tn vo TextBox txtHoTen - Chn kiu ch

+ Radio Button (rad1): ch thng + Radio Button (rad2): ch HOA

- Nhp vo Button Kt qu (btnKQ) s in h v tn bng kiu ch c chn trong TextBox txtKQ.

- Nhp vo Button Xa (btnXoa) s xa trng txtHoTen, txtKQ, rad1 c chn v a con tr vo TextBox txtHoTen.

* Hng dn: - Thit k Form nh yu cu, trong form c cc thuc tnh sau:

+ AutoSize: True + Font: Times New Roman


+ Size: 12 + Text: i kiu ch

- Nhp p vo nt Kt qu ri thm on code sau: string hoten=this.txtHoTen.Text.Trim(); if (this.rad1.Checked == true)

txtKQ.Text = hoten.ToLower(); if (this.rad2.Checked == true)

txtKQ.Text = hoten.ToUpper(); - Nhp p vo nt Xa ri thm on code sau:

this.txtHoTen.Clear(); this.txtKQ.Clear(); this.rad1.Checked = true; this.txtHoTen.Focus();

* B sung: - Nhp vo Button Dng (btnDung) s dng chng trnh: thit k v vit code sau

Application.Exit(); 9. Timer ( ) a. Cng dng: - Quy nh khong thi gian nh k thc hin mt cng vic. b. To Timer: - Chn cng c - R chut v v Timer l control dng unvisible (n). c. Thuc tnh: Thuc tnh M t Enabled Bt / tt ch hn thi gian Interval Khong thi gian nh k


* Yu cu: - To Timer1 c Enabled = false; Interval = 1000 - Khi to bin m i = 20 - Button Bt u (btnBatDau): dng bt ch hn thi gian. - Button Dng (btnDung): dng dng chng trnh. - Timer1: m ngc t 20 n 1 v xut ra dng ch Ht gi.

+ Xut gi tr bin m i ra Label lblDongHo. + Gim bin i xung 1 n v. + Khi bin m i < 0 th tt ch hn gi v xut Ht gi! ra Label lblDongHo.

* Hng dn: - Thit k Form nh yu cu, trong form c cc thuc tnh sau:


+ AutoSize: True + Font: Times New Roman + Size: 12 + Text: ng h m ngc

- Khai bo bin m i: qua code, thm on code c kt qu nh sau: public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); } int i = 10;

- Nhp p vo nt Bt u ri thm on code sau: this.timer1.Enabled = true;

- Nhp p vo nt Dng ri thm on code sau: Application.Exit();

- Nhp p vo nt Timer1 (Timer1_Tick) ri thm on code sau: this.lblDongHo.Text = i.ToString(); i--; if (i < 0)

this.timer1.Enabled = false; 10. RichTextBox ( ) a. Cng dng: - Dng nhp vn bn vi nh dng vn bn a dng. b. To RichTextBox: - Chn cng c - R chut v v RichTextBox trn form. c. Thuc tnh: Thuc tnh M t ReadOnly Khng cho son tho, ch c.

11. Panel ( ) a. Cng dng: - Bng cha cc control hay mt nhm cc control. b. To Panel: - Chn cng c - R chut v v Panel. c. Thuc tnh: Thuc tnh M t AutoScroll T ng cun nu s control nm ngoi vng BorderStyle None / FixedSingle / Fixed3D

12. PictureBox ( ) a. Cng dng: - Khung cha hnh nh. b. To PictureBox: - Chn cng c - R chut v v PictureBox. c. Thuc tnh: Thuc tnh M t


Image Hnh cha trong PictureBox 13. ErrorProvider ( ) a. Cng dng: - H tr thng bo li cho cc control khc. - Thng c dng vi control input (v d: TextBox) rng buc vi 1 iu kin nhp

no . b. To ErrorProvider: - Chn cng c - R chut v v ErrorProvider l control dng unvisible (n).

III. Menu v ToolBar

1. MenuStrip ( ) a. Cng dng: - To menu. b. To MenuStrip: - Nhp p vo control . - Nhp menu. 2. ToolStrip ( ) a. Cng dng: - To ra toolbar. b. To ToolStrip: - Chn cng c - Ko control ToolStrip vo trong form. - Bm vo ToolStrip va to, ta c th to ra cc tool (cng c) nh: Label, TextBox,

Button, ComboBox, DropDownButton. V d 4.5: * To ng dngWindows Forms Application nh hnh. * Hng dn: dng RichTextBox, MenuStrip v ToolStrip.


IV. Common Dialog (Hp thoi dng chung)

1. FontDialog ( ) a. Cng dng: - To ra hp thoi Font. b. To FontDialog: - Nhp p vo control 2. OpenFileDialog ( ) a. Cng dng: - To ra hp thoi Open File. b. To OpenFileDialog: - Nhp p vo control 3. SaveFileDialog ( ) a. Cng dng: - To ra hp thoi Save File. b. To SaveFileDialog: - Nhp p vo control 4. PrintPreviewDialog ( ) a. Cng dng: - Xem trc khi in. b. To SaveFileDialog: - Nhp p vo control 5. PrintDialog ( ) a. Cng dng: - To ra hp thoi Print File. b. To PrintDialog: - Nhp p vo control 6. FolderBrowserDialog ( ) a. Cng dng: - To ra hp thoi Browser. b. To FolderBrowserDialog: - Nhp p vo control


Bi tp

1. Vit chng trnh to dng ch xut hin ln lt tng k t, c ni dung nh sau:

( lblChucMung, Timer1, btnDungChay, btnThoat) - Button Dng/Chy c nhim v khng cho / cho Timer hot ng v i ni dung (Text) ca button btnDungChay t Dng sang Chy hoc ngc li.

- Button Thot dng dng chng trnh.

2. Vit chng trnh to form Bm bay (trong phm vi form) nh sau:

* Hng dn: S dng: timer, PictureBox, Button v 2 file hnh BFClose.ico, BFOpen.ico

3. Vit chng trnh nhp hai s nguyn dng n v m. Tnh theo yu cu chn nh sau:


(txtN, txtM, rad1, rad2, txtKQ, btnTinh, btnXoa, btnThoat) - Button Tnh (btnTinh): tnh ton v xut kt qu ra TextBox txtKQ. - Button Xa: xa trng tt c cc TextBox, a con tr vo txtN. - Button Thot: dng chng trnh.

4. T V D 4.5, to v b sung thm cc cng c CommonDialog c ng dng dng giao din n vn bn (Single-Document Interface SDI).

5. Pht trin bi tp 4, c th m cng lc nhiu ca s - dng giao din a vn bn (Multi-Document Interface MDI)

-- oOo --


Chng 3: ARRAY - STRING - EXCEPTION

Bi 5: ARRAY (MNG)

I. Mng 1 chiu

1. nh ngha - Mng l mt tp hp c th t ca nhng i tng (objects), tt c cc i tng ny

c cng mt kiu d liu. - Mng trong ngn ng C# s dng nhng phng thc v cc thuc tnh. Th hin ca

mng trong C# c th truy cp nhng phng thc v cc thuc tnh ca System.Array. - Mt s cc thuc tnh v phng thc ca lp System.Array: Thnh vin M t Sort() Phng thc sp xp gi tr tng dn trong mng mt chiu Reverse() Phng thc sp xp gi tr gim dn trong mng mt chiu Length Thuc tnh chiu di ca mng SetValue() Phng thc thit lp gi tr cho mt thnh phn xc nh trong mng

2. Khai bo mng: [] ; V d:

int[] myIntArray ; To th hin ca mng: s dng t kha new V d:

myIntArray = new int[5] ;

3. Khi to thnh phn ca mng - To th hin ca mng ng thi vi khi to cc gi tr: + Cch 1:

int[] myIntArray = new int[5] {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}; + Cch 2:

int[] myIntArray = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}; - Cc khai bo trn s thit lp bn trong b nh mt mng cha 5 s nguyn. Ch : Khng th thit lp li kch thc cho mng.

4. Gi tr mc nh: - Khi chng ta to mt mng c kiu d liu gi tr, mi thnh phn s cha gi tr mc

nh ca kiu d liu. V d: Vi khai bo int myIntArray = new int[5] ; th: - Mi thnh phn ca mng c thit lp gi tr l 0 (gi tr mc nh ca s nguyn). - Nhng kiu tham chiu trong mt mng khng c khi to gi tr mc nh, chng

c khi to gi tr null.

5. Truy cp cc thnh phn trong mng: - truy cp vo thnh phn trong mng ta s dng ton t ch mc ([]). - Ch mc ca thnh phn u tin trong mng lun lun l 0. - Thuc tnh Length ca mng cho bit s i tng trong mt mng.


6. Duyt mng 1 chiu: for (int i=0; i < myIntArray.Length; i++) {

x l myIntArraya[i]; } C th thay for bng foreach nh sau foreach (int phantu in a){

x l myIntArraya[i]; }

V d 5.1: (Mng 5 s nguyn t 1 n 5) * Khi to mt ng dng Windows Forms Application, lu vi tn l Vi Du 5.1 nh sau:

* Yu cu - Thit k form nh mu (lblKQ, btnIn, btnXoa, btnDung). - Khai bo mng 1 chiu (a) gm 5 s nguyn t 1 n 5. - Nhp vo button In mng (btnIn) s in ra label (lblKQ) cc gi tr trong mng. - Nhp vo button Xa (btnXoa) s xa trng ni dung ca label (lblKQ). - Nhp vo button Dng s dng chng trnh. * Hng dn - Thit k form nh yu cu. - Khai bo mng: qua code, thm on code c kt qu nh sau:

public partial class Form1 : Form {

// Khai bao mang 1 chieu gom 5 so nguyen tu 1 den 5 int[] a = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };

} - Nhp p vo button In mng, thm on code sau:

// Xuat cac phan tu trong mang ra man hinh this.lblKQ.Text="Cc phn t trong mng l:\n\r"; for (int i=0; i < a.Length; i++) {

this.lblKQ.Text += a[i]+" "; }

C th thay for bng foreach nh sau foreach (int phantu in a){

this.lblKQ.Text += a[i]+" "; }

- Nhp p vo button Xa, thm on code sau: this.lblKQ.Text = "";



V d 5.2: (Mng 5 s nguyn) * Khi to mt ng dng Windows Forms Application, lu vi tn l Vi Du 5.2 nh sau:

* Yu cu - Thit k form: btnNhap, txtNhap, btnTang, btnGiam, lblKQ, btnIn, btnXoa, btnDung. - Khai bo mng 1 chiu (a) cha 5 s nguyn, s phn t hin c (sopt) l 0. - Nhp s vo TextBox txtNhap, nhp vo button Nhp 1 phn t mng (btnNhap) cho

php a gi tr trong TextBox txtNhap vo mng. Khi mng 5 s nguyn th phi thng bo Mng y v khng cho nhp na.

- Nhp vo button Sp tng (btnTang) s sp xp mng theo th t tng dn. - Nhp vo button Sp gim (btnGiam) s sp xp mng theo th t gim dn. - Nhp vo button In mng (btnIn) s in ra label (lblKQ) cc gi tr trong mng. - Nhp vo button Xa (btnXoa) s xa trng ni dung ca label (lblKQ) ng thi khai

bo li s phn t hin c (sopt) ca mng l 0. - Nhp vo button Dng s dng chng trnh. * Hng dn - Thit k form nh yu cu. - Khai bo mng nh sau:

public partial class Form1 : Form {

// Khai bao mang 1 chieu gom 5 so nguyen int[] a = new int[5]; // Khai bao so phan tu hien co cua mang int sopt = 0;

} - Nhp p vo button Nhp 1 phn t mng, thm on code sau:

// Nhap mot phan tu cho mang if (sopt == 5)

MessageBox.Show("Mng y!"); else {

a[sopt] = Convert.ToInt32(this.txtNhap.Text); sopt++; this.txtNhap.ResetText(); this.txtNhap.Focus();

} - Nhp p vo button Sp tng, thm on code sau:

// Sap xep mang giam if (sopt == 0)

this.lblKQ.Text = "Mng rng!";


else Array.Sort(a, 0, sopt);

this.lblKQ.Text = " sp xp mng tng dn!"; - Nhp p vo button Sp gim, thm on code sau:

// Sap xep mang giam if (sopt == 0)

this.lblKQ.Text = "Mng rng!"; else

Array.Reverse(a, 0, sopt); this.lblKQ.Text = " sp xp mng gim dn!";

- Nhp p vo button Xa, thm on code sau: this.lblKQ.Text = ""; sopt = 0; this.txtNhap.Focus();

- Nhp p vo button In mng, thm on code sau: // Xuat cac phan tu trong mang ra man hinh if (sopt==0)

this.lblKQ.Text = "Mng rng!"; else {

this.lblKQ.Text="Cc phn t trong mng l:\n\r"; for (int i = 0; i < sopt; i++)

this.lblKQ.Text += a[i] + " "; }


II. Mng nhiu chiu

1. nh ngha - Mng a chiu l mng m mi thnh phn l mt mng khc. - Ngn ng C# h tr hai kiu mng a chiu l:

+ Mng a chiu cng kch thc. + Mng a chiu khc kch thc.

- Trong phm vi bi hc ny, ta ch kho st mng 2 chiu m thi.

2. Khai bo mng 2 chiu [ , ] V d:

int[ , ] myRectangularArray ;

3. Khi to thnh phn ca mng int[] myRectangularArray = new int[sodong , socot] ;

4. Duyt mng 2 chiu for (int i = 0; i < sodong; i++) {

for (int j = 0; j < socot; j++) {


X l myRectangularArray[i,j]; }

} V d 5.3: * Khi to mt ng dng Windows Forms Application, lu vi tn l Vi Du 5.3 nh sau:

* Yu cu - Thit k form nh mu (lblKQ, btnIn, btnXoa, btnDung, btnNhap, btnSapXep). - Khai bo mng 2 chiu gm 4 dng, 3 ct cha cc s nguyn. - Nhp vo button Nhp mng nhp cc phn t cho mng (c gi tr = dng - ct). - Nhp vo button Sp Xp s sp xp mng tng dn theo tng hng. - Nhp vo button In mng (btnIn) s in ra label (lblKQ) cc gi tr trong mng. - Nhp vo button Xa (btnXoa) s xa trng ni dung ca label (lblKQ). - Nhp vo button Dng s dng chng trnh. * Hng dn - Thit k form nh yu cu. - Khai bo mng: qua code, thm on code c kt qu nh sau:

public partial class Form1 : Form { // Khai bao 4 dong 3 cot

const int sodong = 4; const int socot = 3; // Khai bao mang 2 chieu gom 4 dong, 3 cot chua 12 so nguyen int[,] Array2 = new int[sodong,socot];

} - Nhp p vo button Nhp mng, thm on code sau:

// Nhap cac phan tu cho mang for (int i=0; i < sodong; i++)

for (int j=0; j< socot; j++) Array2[i,j]= i-j;

- Nhp p vo button Sp xp, thm on code sau: // Sap xep mang int[] t = new int[sodong * socot]; for (int i = 0; i < sodong; i++) {

for (int j = 0; j < socot; j++) t[j] = Array2[i, j];

Array.Sort(t, 0, socot);


for (int j = 0; j < socot; j++) Array2[i, j]=t[j];

} - Nhp p vo button In mng, thm on code sau:

// Xuat cac phan tu trong mang ra man hinh this.lblKQ.Text = "Cc phn t trong mng l:\n\r"; for (int i = 0; i < sodong; i++) {

for (int j = 0; j < socot; j++) {

this.lblKQ.Text += Array2[i,j] + " "; } this.lblKQ.Text += "\n\r";

} - Nhp p vo button Xa, thm on code sau:

this.lblKQ.Text = ""; - Nhp p vo button Dng, thm on code sau:

Application.Exit();

Bi tp

Khi to mt ng dng Windows Forms Application:

1. Khai bo 1 mng nguyn 1 chiu ti a 10 phn t. Vit chng trnh: - Nhp vo gi tr cho 1 phn t trong mng. - In gi tr ca cc phn t trong mng. - In gi tr ln nht, gi tr nh nht ca cc phn t trong mng. - In tng s cc gi tr, trung bnh cng cc gi tr ca cc phn t trong mng.

2. Khai bo 1 mng nguyn 2 chiu 4 dng, 5 ct. Vit chng trnh: - Nhp gi tr cho cc phn t trong mng (gi tr = s th t dng + s th t ct). - In gi tr cc phn t trong mng. - In gi tr ln nht, gi tr nh nht ca cc phn t trong mng. - In tng s cc gi tr, trung bnh cng cc gi tr ca cc phn t trong mng.

-- oOo --


Bi 6: (tip theo) STRING (CHUI) EXCEPTION (NGOI L)

III. String (Chui)

1. To mt chui a. Chui hng

string TenChuoi = "Chui" ; V d:

string thongbao = "y l mt cu thng bo." ; Ch : Ta c 2 khai bo chui sau l nh nhau

string chuoi = "Dong mot \n Dong hai"; string chuoi = @"Dong mot

Dong hai"; b. Chui dng phng thc ToString V d:

int myInt = 9 ; string intString = myInt.ToString();

2. Thao tc trn chui Lp string cung cp rt nhiu cc phng thc so snh, tm kim, thay th ; cc

phng thc ny c trnh by trong bng sau: Phng thc ngha Compare() So snh hai chui (Chui 1 ? Chui 2) = (-1 ; 0 ; 1) tng ng () Concat() Ni chui EndsWidth() Xem chui c kt thc bng mt nhm k t xc nh hay khng. IndexOf() Ch ra v tr xut hin u tin ca mt chui con trong chui ln. Insert() Tr v mt chui mi c chn thm. LastIndexOf() Ch ra v tr xut hin cui cng ca mt chui con trong chui ln. Length Chiu di ca chui. Remove() Xo i mt chui con. Replace() Thay th chui c bng chui mi. Split() Tr v chui con c phn nh bi k t xc nh. StartsWidth() Xem chui c bt u bng mt nhm k t xc nh hay khng. Substring() Ly chui con. ToLower() Tr v bn sao ca chui kiu ch thng. ToUpper() Tr v bn sao ca chui kiu ch IN HOA.

3. V d 6.1 * Khi to mt ng dng Windows Forms Application, lu vi tn l Vi Du 6.1 nh sau: * Yu cu - Thit k form gm: lblTieuDe, lbl1, txtS1, lbl2, txtS2, lbl3, lblKQ, v cc button (xem

hnh). - Nhp vo button Compare: so snh 2 chui txtS1 v txtS2 (c phn bit ch HOA v

ch thng), kt qu xut trong lblKQ. - Nhp vo button COMPARE: so snh 2 chui txtS1 v txtS2 (khng phn bit ch

HOA v ch thng), kt qu xut trong lblKQ. - Nhp vo button Concat, ni 2 chui txtS1 v txtS2, kt qu xut trong lblKQ.


- Nhp button IndexOf, cho bit v tr xut hin ca chui txtS2 trong chui txtS1. Nu c txtS2 trong txtS1 th thay th txtS2 (trong txtS1) bng chui "CH NY". Xut kt qu trong lblKQ.

- Nhp vo button Insert, chn chui txtS2 vo sau t u tin ca chui txtS1; v chn chui txtS2 vo trc t sau cng ca chui txtS1. Xut kt qu trong lblKQ.

- Nhp vo button Substring, cho bit v tr xut hin ca chui "TRNH X L" trong lblTieuDe. Nu c th xa chui ra khi lblTieuDe. Xut kt qu trong lblKQ.

- Nhp button Xa th xa trng: TextBox txtS1, TextBox txtS2, Label lblKQ ng thi a con tr vo TextBox txtS1.

- Nhp button Dng th dng chng trnh.

* Hng dn - Thit k form nh yu cu. - Nhp p vo button Compare, thm vo on code:

string s1=this.txtS1.Text; string s2=this.txtS2.Text; // So snh hai chui vi nhau c phn bit ch thng v ch hoa int kq = string.Compare(s1,s2); this.lblKQ.Text = "txtS1 "; if (kq == -1)

this.lblKQ.Text += ""; this.lblKQ.Text += " txtS2";

- Nhp p vo button COMPARE, thm vo on code:


string s1=this.txtS1.Text; string s2=this.txtS2.Text; // So snh hai chui vi nhau khng phn bit ch thng v ch hoa int kq = string.Compare(s1,s2, true); this.lblKQ.Text = "txtS1 "; if (kq == -1)

this.lblKQ.Text += ""; this.lblKQ.Text += " txtS2";

- Nhp p vo button Concat, thm vo on code: string s1 = this.txtS1.Text; string s2 = this.txtS2.Text; // Ni chui this.lblKQ.Text = string.Concat(s1,s2);

- Nhp p vo button IndexOf, thm vo on code: string s1 = this.txtS1.Text; string s2 = this.txtS2.Text; // Ch ra v tr xut hin ca chui 2 trong chui 1 if (s1.IndexOf(s2) >= 0) {

this.lblKQ.Text = "txtS2 xut hin trong txtS1 ti v tr "; this.lblKQ.Text += s1.IndexOf(s2); this.lblKQ.Text += ".!"; // Thay th chui s="CH NY" vo v tr chui 2 trong chui 1 string s = "CH NY"; this.lblKQ.Text += "\n\rThay th txtS2 trong txtS1 bng chui CH NY,"; this.lblKQ.Text+= "\n\rKt qu:"+s1.Replace(s2, s);

} else this.lblKQ.Text = "txtS2 khng xut hin trong txtS1!";

- Nhp p vo button Insert, thm vo on code: string s1 = this.txtS1.Text; string s2 = this.txtS2.Text; // Chn chui 2 vo sau t u tin ca chui 1 this.lblKQ.Text = "Chn txtS2 vo sau t u tin ca txtS1:\n\r"; this.lblKQ.Text += s1.Insert(s1.IndexOf(" "), s2); // Chn chui 2 vo trc t cui cng ca chui 1 this.lblKQ.Text += "\n\rChn txtS2 vo trc t cui cng ca txtS1:\n\r "; this.lblKQ.Text += s1.Insert(s1.LastIndexOf(" "), s2);

- Nhp p vo button Substring, thm vo on code:


// Ch ra v tr xut hin ca s="TRNH X L" trong lblTieuDe string s="TRNH X L"; int ix; ix = this.lblTieuDe.Text.IndexOf(s); // Trch s t lblTieuDe v in vo lblKQ if (ix >= 0) {

this.lblKQ.Text = this.lblTieuDe.Text.Substring(ix, s.Length); this.lblKQ.Text += " xut hin trong tiu ti v tr "; this.lblKQ.Text += ix; // Xa s ra khi lblTieuDe this.lblKQ.Text += "\n\rTiu sau khi xa " + s; this.lblKQ.Text += "\n\rKt qu l: "; this.lblKQ.Text += this.lblTieuDe.Text.Remove(ix, s.Length);

} else this.lblKQ.Text = "Khng xut hin trong chui 1!";

- Nhp p vo button Xa, thm vo on code: this.txtS1.ResetText(); this.txtS2.ResetText(); this.lblKQ.Text = ""; this.txtS1.Focus();

- Nhp p vo button Dng, thm vo on code: Application.Exit();

4. V d 6.2 * Khi to mt ng dng Windows Forms Application, lu vi tn l Vi Du 6.2 nh sau:

* Yu cu - Thit k form gm: lbl1, txtHoTen, lbl2, lblKQ, v cc button (xem hnh).


- Nhp vo button CountOfWord: m s t trong chui txtHoTen, kt qu xut trong lblKQ.

- Nhp vo button Proper: i thnh ch Hoa u T cho chui txtHoTen, kt qu xut trong lblKQ.

- Nhp vo button Left, ly ra t bn tri ca chui txtHoTen, kt qu xut trong lblKQ. - Nhp vo button Right, ly ra t bn phi ca chui txtHoTen, kt qu xut trong

lblKQ. - Nhp button Xa th xa trng: TextBox txtS1, TextBox txtS2, Label lblKQ ng thi

a con tr vo TextBox txtS1. - Nhp button Dng th dng chng trnh. * Hng dn - Thit k form nh yu cu. - Nhp p vo button CountOfWord, thm vo on code:

// m s t trong chui // To ra hng k t khong trng const char Space =' '; // Gn gi tr cho chui string s = hoten.Trim(); // Thc hin vic chia chui vo mng --> m t = di mng int cWord = s.Split(Space).Length;) // Gi kt qu tr v return cWord;

** Tham kho thm on code sau: // m s t trong chui txtHoTen int count=0; string s=this.txtHoTen.Text.Trim(); for (int i = 0; i < s.Length-1; i++)

if ((s.Substring(i, 1)==" ") && (s.Substring(i + 1, 1)!=" "))

count++; if (s.Length > 0) count++; this.lblKQ.Text = "S t l: " + count;

- Nhp p vo button Proper, thm vo on code: // i thnh ch Hoa u T trong chui txtHoTen string s = this.txtHoTen.Text.Trim(); if (s.Length == 0)

this.lblKQ.Text = "Chui rng!"; else {

this.lblKQ.Text = "Chui kt qu l: "; this.lblKQ.Text += s.Substring(0,1).ToUpper(); for (int i = 1; i < s.Length; i++) {

if ((s[i-1].ToString()==" " )&&(s[i].ToString()!=" ")) {

string ss = s[i].ToString(); this.lblKQ.Text += ss.ToUpper();


} else this.lblKQ.Text += s[i].ToString();

} }

- Nhp p vo button Left, thm vo on code: // T u tin ca chui txtHoTen string s = this.txtHoTen.Text.Trim(); if (s.Length == 0)


this.lblKQ.Text = "T u tin ca chui l: "; this.lblKQ.Text += s.Substring(0, s.IndexOf(" "));

} - Nhp p vo button Right, thm vo on code:

// T cui cng ca chui txtHoTen string s = this.txtHoTen.Text.Trim(); if (s.Length == 0)


this.lblKQ.Text = "T u tin ca chui l: "; this.lblKQ.Text += s.Substring(s.LastIndexOf(" ")+1, s.Length-s.LastIndexOf(" ") - 1);

} - Nhp p vo button Xa, thm vo on code:

this.txtHoTen.ResetText(); this.lblKQ.Text = ""; this.txtHoTen.Focus();


IV. Exception (Ngoi l)

1. Khi nim - Exception c th c hiu l bt gi li vi nhng on m hp l khng tn hi

n chng trnh. - Li c th do nguyn nhn t chnh ngi s dng; hoc c th do nhng vn khng

mong i khc nh: thiu b nh, thiu ti nguyn h thng . - Mt trnh x l ngoi l l mt khi lnh chng trnh c thit k x l cc ngoi l

m chng trnh pht sinh. - X l ngoi l c thc thi trong trong cu lnh catch. - Cc cu lnh c kh nng xy ra ngoi l thc thi trong cu lnh try. * Mt cch l tng, nu mt ngoi l c bt v c x l th chng trnh c th sa

cha c vn b li v tip tc thc hin hot ng. Thm ch nu chng trnh khng tip tc, bng vic bt gi ngoi l chng ta cng c c hi in ra nhng thng ip c ngha v kt thc chng trnh mt cch r rng.



* Yu cu - Thit k form gm: lbl1, txtSo1, lbl2, txtSo2, lbl3, txtKQ v cc button (xem hnh). - Nhp s vo 2 TextBox txtSo1 v TxtSo2. - Nhp vo button Chia: + Nu txtSo1, txtSo2 khng phi l s; hoc nhp vo txtSo2 l 0 th bo li: Li ri!. + Nu txtSo1, txtSo2 l s th xut kt qu l txtSo1 / txtSo2 vo TextBox txtKQ. - Nhp button Xa th xa trng: TextBox txtS1, TextBox txtS2, Label lblKQ ng thi

a con tr vo TextBox txtS1. - Nhp buuton Dng th dng chng trnh. * Hng dn - Thit k form nh yu cu. - Nhp p vo button Chia, thm vo on code:

// Xa trng TextBox txtKQ txtKQ.ResetText(); // on code c xy ra ngoi l khi thc hin try {

int so1 = int.Parse(this.txtSo1.Text); int so2 = int.Parse(this.txtSo2.Text); this.txtKQ.Text += (float)so1 / so2;

} // X l ngoi l catch (Exception ex) {

this.txtKQ.Text = "Li ri!"; }

Bi tp

1. Vit chng trnh nhp vo mt chui h v tn. In ra: - di v s t ca chui h tn. - Chui h v tn di dng ch thng. - Chui h v tn di dng ch IN HOA. - Chui h v tn di dng Hoa u T. - Chui h v tn c loi b cc khong trng tha (u chui, cui chui, bn trong chui).

2. Vit chng trnh gii phng trnh bc 1: bx + c = 0 Lu : c x l trng hp nhp vo b, c khng phi l s.

-- oOo --


Chng 4: CLASS OBJECT METHOD

Bi 7: CLASS (LP) OBJECT (I TNG) METHOD (PHNG THC)

I. Khi nim

- Kiu d liu trong C# c nh ngha l mt lp (class). - Th hin ring ca tng lp c gi l i tng (object). - Hai thnh phn chnh cu thnh mt lp (class) l thuc tnh / tnh cht v phng thc

(method) / hnh ng ng x ca i tng.

II. nh ngha lp (class)

1. C php [Thuc tnh] [B sung truy cp] class [: Lp c s] {

// Cc thuc tnh

// Cc phng thc

}


* Yu cu - Thit k form gm: lbl1, txtHoTen, lbl2, lblKQ, v cc button (xem hnh). - To class Chuoi nh sau:

public class Chuoi {

// Thuc tnh ...

// Phng thc ...

} + Trong phn thuc tnh, khai bo:


string tenchuongtrinh = "Chng trnh x l h v tn!"; + Trong phn phng thc, khai bo cc phng thc sau:

// Phng thc public string In() {

// In tn chng trnh return tenchuongtrinh;

}

public string Ten(string hoten) {

// Ly tn int lio=hoten.LastIndexOf(" "); return hoten.Substring(lio+1, hoten.Length-lio-1);

}

public string HoLot(string hoten) {

// Ly h v lt int lio = hoten.LastIndexOf(" "); return hoten.Substring(0,lio);

}

public int CountOfWord(string hoten) {

// m s t trong chui // To ra hng k t khong trng const char Space =' '; // Gn gi tr cho chui string s = hoten.Trim(); // Thc hin vic chia chui thnh mng --> m t cWord = s.Split(Space)).Length ; // Gi kt qu tr v return cWord;

} ** Tham kho thm on code sau:

// m s t trong chui HoTen int count = 0; string s = hoten.Trim(); for (int i = 0; i < s.Length - 1; i++)

if ((s.Substring(i,1)==" ")&&(s.Substring(i+1,1)!= " ")) count++;

if (s.Length > 0) count++;

return count;

public string Proper(string hoten) {


// i thnh ch Hoa u T trong chui txtHoTen // To ra hng k t khong trng const char Space = ' '; // Gn gi tr cho chui string s = hoten.Trim(); // i chui string kq = "Chui rng!"; if (s.Length == 0)

return kq; else {

kq = ""; string [] s1 = s.Split(Space); foreach (string tu in s1) { string ss = tu[0].ToString(); kq += ss.ToUpper(); kq += tu.Substring(1,tu.Length-1); kq += " ";

} return kq.Trim();

} ** Tham kho thm on code sau:

// i thnh ch Hoa u T trong chui txtHoTen string s = hoten.Trim(); string kq = "Chui rng!"; if (s.Length > 0) {

kq = s.Substring(0, 1).ToUpper(); for (int i = 1; i < s.Length; i++) {

if ((s[i - 1].ToString() == " ") && (s[i].ToString() != " ")) {

string ss = s[i].ToString(); kq += ss.ToUpper();

} else kq += s[i].ToString();

} } return kq;

- S dng cc phng thc trn thc hin cc vic sau y (xut kt qu trong lblKQ): + Nhp vo button In Li gii thiu, s in li gii thiu. + Nhp button H Lt, tch ly h lt ca chui trong txtHoTen. + Nhp button Tn, tch ly tn ca chui trong txtHoTen. + Nhp button m t, m s t ca chui trong txtHoTen. + Nhp button Hoa u T, i thnh chui Hoa u T ca chui trong txtHoTen.


- Nhp button Xa th xa trng: TextBox txtHoTen, Label lblKQ ng thi a con tr vo TextBox txtHoTen.

- Nhp button Dng th dng chng trnh. * Hng dn - Thit k form nh yu cu. - Khai bo class: qua code, thm on code c kt qu nh sau

public Form1() {

InitializeComponent(); } public class Chuoi {

// Thuc tnh ... (1) // Phng thc ... (2)

} + Trong phn (1), khai bo thuc tnh (xem bi) + Trong phn (2), khai bo phng thc (xem bi) - Nhp p vo button In Li gii thiu, thm vo on code:

Chuoi s = new Chuoi(); this.lblKQ.Text = s.In();

- Nhp p vo button H lt, thm vo on code: Chuoi s = new Chuoi(); this.lblKQ.Text="H lt: " + s.HoLot(this.txtHoTen.Text);

- Nhp p vo button Tn, thm vo on code: Chuoi s = new Chuoi(); this.lblKQ.Text = "Tn l: " + s.Ten(this.txtHoTen.Text);

- Nhp p vo button m t, thm vo on code: Chuoi s = new Chuoi(); this.lblKQ.Text = "Tng s t l: " ; this.lblKQ.Text += s.CountOfWord(this.txtHoTen.Text);

- Nhp p vo button Hoa u T, thm vo on code: Chuoi s = new Chuoi(); this.lblKQ.Text = "Kt qu l: " ; this.lblKQ.Text += s.Proper(this.txtHoTen.Text);

- Nhp p vo button Xa, thm vo on code: this.lblKQ.Text = ""; this.txtHoTen.ResetText(); this.txtHoTen.Focus();


* B sung - Nt button In Hoa: i thnh chui IN HOA ca chui trong txtHoTen . - Nt button In Thng: i thnh chui in thng ca chui trong txtHoTen.

III. Properties - Method

1. Thuc tnh (Properties):


Thuc tnh l nhng thng tin c th thay i c.

2. Thuc tnh truy cp Thuc tnh Gii hn truy cp

public Khng hn ch. Nhng thnh vin c nh du public c th c dng bt k cc phng thc ca lp, bao gm c nhng lp khc.

private Thnh vin trong lp c nh du private ch c dng cc phng thc ca lp ny m thi.

Protected Thnh vin trong lp c nh du protected ch c dng cc phng thc ca lp ny; v cc phng thc ca lp dn xut t lp ny.

Internal Thnh vin trong lp c nh du l internal c dng cc phng thc ca bt k lp no cng khi hp ng vi lp ny.

protected internal Thnh vin trong lp c nh du l protected internal c dng cc phng thc ca lp ny; cc phng thc ca lp dn xut t lp ny; v cc phng thc ca bt k lp no trong cng khi hp ng vi lp ny.

3. Phng thc (Method) - Phng thc (method) chnh l cc hm (function) c to trong lp (class). - Tn ca phng thc thng c t theo tn ca hnh ng.

4. Tham s ca phng thc a) Khi nim:

- Cc tham s theo sau tn phng thc v c bc bn trong du ngoc trn (). - Mi tham s phi khai bo km theo kiu d liu. - Trong C# c 2 dng truyn tham s: + Truyn tham chiu: dng thm t kha ref. + Truyn tham tr

b) V d: * Truyn tham s cho phng thc theo kiu tham chiu public class Hoandoi {

public void HoanVi(ref int a, ref int b) {

int c = a ; a = b ; b = c ;

} }

Khi : khi gi hm HoanVi ta phi truyn tham s di dng tham chiu nh sau: HoanDoi s = new HoanDoi(); s.HoanVi(ref a, ref b);

* Truyn tham s cho phng thc theo kiu tham tr public class HoanDoi {

public void HoanVi(int a, int b)


{ int c = a ; a = b ; b = c ;

} }


* Yu cu - Thit k form gm: lbl1, txta, lbl2, txtb, v cc button (xem hnh). - To cc class HoanDoi, trong class c hm HoanVi cho php hon v 2 gi tr s

nguyn. - Nhp button Hon i s hon i 2 gi tr trong txta v txtb - Nhp button Xa s xa trng 2 TextBox v a con tr vo txta. - Nhp button Dng s dng chng trnh. * Hng dn - Thit k form nh yu cu. - Khai bo class: qua code, thm on code c kt qu nh sau

public Form1() {

InitializeComponent(); }

public class HoanDoi {

public void HoanVi(ref int a,ref int b) {

int c = a ; a = b ; b = c ;

} }

- Nhp p vo button Hon i, thm vo on code: int a = int.Parse(this.txta.Text); int b = int.Parse(this.txtb.Text); HoanDoi s = new HoanDoi(); s.HoanVi(ref a, ref b); this.txta.Text = a.ToString(); this.txtb.Text = b.ToString();


- Nhp p vo button Xa, thm vo on code: this.txta.ResetText(); this.txtb.ResetText(); this.txta.Focus();


Bi tp

Khi to mt ng dng Windows Forms Application:

1. To mt class c tn l BAI_TAP_CLASS, c cc hm: - Hm TEN nhn vo mt chui ch h v tn, gi tr tr li ca hm l chui ch tn. - Hm NGTO nhn vo mt s nguyn n, gi tr tr li ca hm l true nu n l s nguyn

t; l false nu n khng l s nguyn t. 2. Thit k form c:

- TextBox txtHoTen: nhp h v tn. - TextBox txtn: nhp s nguyn n. - TextBox txtKQ: xut kt qu. - Button btnTEN: gi hm TEN x l chui h v tn, xut kt qu vo txtKQ. - Button btnNGTO: gi hm NGTO x l s nguyn n, xut kt qu vo txtKQ. - Button btnXoa: xa trng tt c cc TextBox v a con tr vo txtHoTen - Button btnDung: dng chng trnh.

-- oOo --


Chng 5: SQL SERVER 2008

Bi 8: SQL SERVER 2008

I. Tng quan v SQL

1. Khi nim SQL - SQL (Structured Query Language ngn ng hi c cu trc) l cng c s dng t

chc, qun l v truy xut d liu c lu tr trong cc c s d liu. - SQL l mt h thng ngn ng bao gm tp cc cu lnh s dng tng tc vi c s

d liu quan h. - SQL c s dng iu khin tt c cc chc nng m mt h qun tr c s d liu

cung cp cho ngi dng bao gm: nh ngha d liu: SQL cung cp kh nng nh ngha cc c s d liu, cc cu trc lu tr v t chc d liu cng nh mi quan h gia cc thnh phn d liu. Truy xut v thao tc d liu: Vi SQL, ngi dng c th d dng thc hin cc thao tc truy xut, b sung, cp nht v loi b d liu trong cc c s d liu. iu khin truy cp: SQL c th c s dng cp pht v kim sot cc thao tc ca ngi s dng trn d liu, m bo s an ton cho c s d liu. m bo ton vn d liu: SQL nh ngha cc rng buc ton vn trong c s d liu nh m bo tnh hp l v chnh xc ca d liu trc cc thao tc cp nht cng nh cc li ca h thng.

2. Vai tr ca SQL - SQL khng phi l mt h qun tr c s d liu, do n khng th tn ti c lp. - SQL l mt phn ca h qun tr c s d liu, n xut hin trong cc h qun tr c s

d liu vi vai tr ngn ng v l cng c giao tip gia ngi s dng v h qun tr c s d liu.

- SQL c nhng vai tr nh sau: SQL l ngn ng hi c tnh tng tc: Ngi s dng c th d dng thng qua cc trnh tin ch gi cc yu cu di dng cc cu lnh SQL n c s d liu v nhn kt qu tr v t c s d liu. SQL l ngn ng lp trnh c s d liu: Cc lp trnh vin c th nhng cc cu lnh SQL vo trong cc ngn ng lp trnh xy dng nn cc chng trnh ng dng giao tip vi c s d liu. SQL l ngn ng qun tr c s d liu: Thng qua SQL, ngi qun tr c s d liu c th qun l c c s d liu, nh ngha cc cu trc lu tr d liu, iu khin truy cp c s d liu, ... SQL l ngn ng cho cc h thng khch/ch (client/server): Trong cc h thng c s d liu khch/ch, SQL c s dng nh l cng c giao tip gia cc trnh ng dng pha my khch vi my ch c s d liu. SQL l ngn ng truy cp d liu trn Internet: Cho n nay, hu ht cc my ch Web cng nh cc my ch trn Internet s dng SQL vi vai tr l ngn ng tng tc vi d liu trong cc c s d liu. SQL l ngn ng c s d liu phn tn: i vi cc h qun tr c s d liu phn tn, mi mt h thng s dng SQL giao tip vi cc h thng khc trn mng, gi v nhn cc yu cu truy xut d liu vi nhau.


SQL l ngn ng s dng cho cc cng giao tip c s d liu: Trong mt h thng mng my tnh vi nhiu h qun tr c s d liu khc nhau, SQL thng c s dng nh l mt chun ngn ng giao tip gia cc h qun tr c s d liu.

II. Tng quan v c s d liu (CSDL) quan h

1. M hnh d liu quan h - CSDL quan h l mt CSDL trong tt c d liu c t chc trong cc bng (table)

c mi quan h vi nhau. Mi bng (table) bao gm cc dng (record/bn ghi/b) v cc ct (field/trng/thuc tnh).

- Tm li, mt CSDL bao gm nhiu bng (table) c mi quan h vi nhau (relationship). V d:

2. Bng (Table) Bng (table) bao gm cc yu t sau: - Tn ca bng: c xc nh duy nht. - Cu trc ca bng: tp hp cc ct (field/trng/thuc tnh). - D liu ca bng: tp hp cc dng (record/bn ghi/b) hin c trong bng. V d: Table DONVI

3. Kha chnh ca bng (Primary Key) - Mi bng phi c mt ct (hoc mt tp cc ct) m gi tr d liu ca n xc nh duy

nht mt dng trong tp hp cc dng trong bng. - Mt ct (hoc mt tp cc ct) c tnh cht ny gi l kha chnh ca bng (Primary

Key). V d: Table DONVI


(c kha chnh l MADONVI)

4. Mi quan h (Relationship) v kha ngoi (Foreign Key) - Mi quan h (Relationship) c th hin thng qua rng buc gi tr d liu xut hin

bng ny phi c xut hin trc mt bng khc.

- Mt ct (hoc tp hp cc ct) (field/trng/thuc tnh) trong mt bng m gi tr ca n c xc nh t kha chnh (Primary Key) ca mt bng khc c gi l kha ngoi (Foreign Key).

5. S lc v cu lnh SQL Cu lnh Chc nng

Thao tc d liu SELECT Truy xut d liu INSERT B sung d liu UPDATE Cp nht d liu DELETE Xa d liu TRUNCATE Xa ton b d liu trong bng nh ngha d liu CREATE TABLE To bng DROP TABLE Xa bng ALTER TABLE Sa cu trc bng CREATE FUNCTION To hm (do ngi s dng nh ngha) ALTER FUNCTION Sa i hm DROP FUNCTION Xa hm


CREATE TRIGGER To trigger ALTER TRIGGER Sa trigger DROP TRIGGER Xa trigger

6. Quy tc s dng tn trong SQL - Trong cu lnh SQL, nu ta cn ch n mt bng do mt ngi dng khc s hu (hin

nhin l phi c php) th tn ca bng phi c vit sau tn ca ngi s hu v phn cch vi tn ngi s hu bi du chm theo cng thc: tn_ngi_s_hu.tn_bng

- Trong cu lnh SQL, nu c s dng t hai ct tr ln c cng tn trong cc bng khc nhau th bt buc phi ch nh thm tn bng trc tn ct; tn bng v tn ct c phn cch nhau bi du chm theo cng thc: tn_bng.tn_ct

7. Kiu d liu Tn kiu M t

CHAR (n) Kiu chui vi di c nh NCHAR (n) Kiu chui vi di c nh h tr UNICODE VARCHAR (n) Kiu chui vi di chnh xc NVARCHAR (n) Kiu chui vi di chnh xc h tr UNICODE INTEGER S nguyn c gi tr t -231 n 231 1 INT Nh kiu Integer TINYTINT S nguyn c gi tr t 0 n 255 SMALLINT S nguyn c gi tr t -215 n 215 1 BIGINT S nguyn c gi tr t -263 n 263 1 NUMERIC (p,s) Kiu s vi chnh xc c nh DECIMAL (p,s) Tng t kiu Numeric FLOAT S thc c gi tr t -1.79E+308 n 1.79E+308 REAL S thc c gi tr t -3.40E + 38 n 3.40E + 38 MONEY Kiu tin t BIT Kiu bit (c gi tr 0 hoc 1) DATETIME Kiu ngy gi (chnh xc n phn trm ca giy) SMALLDATETIME Kiu ngy gi (chnh xc n pht) BINARY D liu nh phn vi di c nh (ti a 8000 bytes) VARBINARY D liu nh phn vi di chnh xc (ti a 8000 bytes) IMAGE D liu nh phn vi di chnh xc ( Ln hn < Nh hn >= Ln hn hoc bng


Khng ln hn !< Khng nh hn c) Danh sch IN Nm trong danh sch NOT IN Khng nm trong danh sch d) Gii hn d liu BETWEEN Gi_tr BETWEEN a AND b ngha l (a Gi_tr b) NOT BETWEEN Gi_tr NOT BETWEEN a AND b ngha l (Gi_tr < a) AND

(Gi_tr > b) LIKE M t khun dng d liu cn tm kim c s dng k t i

din: % Chui k t bt k _ Mt k t bt k [] K t bt k trong gii hn c ch nh [^] K t bt k khng nm trong gii hn c ch nh

III. Table (Bng)

* Quy tc khi vit cu lnh SQL: - Cc cu lnh SQL khng phn bit ch hoa v ch thng. Tuy nhin, d c nn

vit hoa t kha trong mnh . - Cu lnh SQL c th vit trn mt dng hay nhiu dng. Nhng nn vit mi dng mt

mnh . - Khng tch t kha trn nhiu dng, khng vit tt t kha. - Cu lnh SQL kt thc bng du chm phy (;)

1. To bng C php:

CREATE TABLE tn_bng (

tn_ct thuc_tnh_ct cc_rng_buc [ , ... , tn_ct_n thuc_tnh_ct_n cc_rng_buc_ct_n ] [ , cc_rng_buc_trn_bng ]

) Trong : tn_bng Tn ca bng cn to (


To bng NHANVIEN gm cc field MANV (m nhn vin), HOTEN (h v tn), NGAYSINH (ngy sinh ca nhn vin), DIACHI (a ch ca nhn vin), HSLUONG (h s lng), MADONVI (m n v).

* Hng dn: CREATE TABLE nhanvien (

manv NVARCHAR(10) NOT NULL, hoten NVARCHAR(50) NOT NULL, ngaysinh DATE NULL, diachi NVARCHAR(100) NULL, dienthoai NVARCHAR(10) NULL, hsluong DECIMAL(3,2) DEFAULT (1.92) madonvi NVARCHAR(10) NOT NULL

)

2. To rng buc a. Rng buc CHECK: - Ch nh iu kin hp l i vi d liu khi c s thay i d liu trn bng. - Dng vi cc lnh INSERT, UPDATE. C php:

[CONSTRAINT tn_rng_buc] CHECK (iu_kin)

V d 8.2: To bng NHANVIEN nh v d 8.1, trong : - NGAYSINH < '1/1/1990' - DIENTHOAI ca nhn vin l mt chui 6 ch s. * Hng dn:

CREATE TABLE nhanvien (

manv NVARCHAR(10) NOT NULL, hoten NVARCHAR(50) NOT NULL, ngaysinh DATE NULL

CONSTRAINT CK_nhanvien_ngaysinh CHECK (ngaysinh < '1/1/1990'),

diachi NVARCHAR(100) NULL, dienthoai NVARCHAR(10) NULL, CONSTRAINT CK_nhanvien_dienthoai CHECK (dienthoai LIKE '[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]____') hsluong DECIMAL(3,2) DEFAULT (1.92) madonvi NVARCHAR(10) NOT NULL

) b. Rng buc PRIMARY KEY: - Ch nh kho chnh ca bng. C php:

[CONSTRAINT tn_rng_buc] PRIMARY KEY [(danh_sch_ct)]

Lu : Mi bng c nhiu nht mt rng buc PRIMARY KEY. Mt kho chnh c th bao gm nhiu ct nhng khng vt qu 16 ct.


V d 8.3: To bng NHANVIEN nh v d 8.2, vi kho chnh l MANV * Hng dn:




diachi NVARCHAR(100) NULL, dienthoai NVARCHAR(10) NULL, CONSTRAINT CK_nhanvien_dienthoai CHECK (dienthoai LIKE '[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]____') hsluong DECIMAL(3,2) DEFAULT (1.92) madonvi NVARCHAR(10) NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT PK_nhanvien_manv PRIMARY KEY

) c. Rng buc UNIQUE: - Ch nh kho ph cho bng. C php:

[CONSTRAINT tn_rng_buc] UNIQUE [(danh_sch_ct)]

V d 8.4: To bng NHANVIEN nh v d 8.3, trong khng cho php cc nhn vin khc nhau

c trng in thoi vi nhau. * Hng dn:




diachi NVARCHAR(100) NULL, dienthoai NVARCHAR(10) NULL, CONSTRAINT CK_nhanvien_dienthoai CHECK (dienthoai LIKE '[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]____') hsluong DECIMAL(3,2) DEFAULT (1.92) madonvi NVARCHAR(10) NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT PK_nhanvien_manv PRIMARY KEY, CONSTRAINT UNIQUE_nhanvien_dienthoai UNIQUE(dienthoai)

) d. Rng buc FOREIGN KEY (kha ngoi) - Mt ct (hay mt tp cc ct) trong mt bng c gi l kho ngoi (rng buc

FOREIGN KEY) nu gi tr ca n c xc nh t kho chnh (PRIMARY KEY) hoc kho ph (UNIQUE) ca mt bng d liu khc.

C php: [CONSTRAINT tn_rng_buc]


FOREIGN KEY [(danh_sch_ct)] REFERENCES tn_bng_tham_chiu(danh_sch_ct_tham_chiu) [ON DELETE CASCADE | NO ACTION | SET NULL | SET DEFAULT] [ON UPDATE CASCADE | NO ACTION | SET NULL | SET DEFAULT]

Trong : CASCADE: T ng xo (cp nht) nu bn ghi c tham chiu b xo (cp nht). NO ACTION (Mc nh): Nu bn ghi trong bng tham chiu ang c tham chiu

bi mt bn ghi bt k trong bng c nh ngha th bn ghi khng c php xo hoc cp nht (i vi ct c tham chiu).

SET NULL: Cp nht li kho ngoi ca bn ghi thnh gi tr NULL (nu ct cho php nhn gi tr NULL).

SET DEFAULT: Cp nht li kho ngoi ca bn ghi nhn gi tr mc nh (nu ct c qui nh gi tr mc nh).

V d 8.5: To bng NHANVIEN nh v d 8.4, trong kho ngoi trn ct MADONVI (bng

DONVI). Gi s rng bng DONVI c nh ngha. * Hng dn:




diachi NVARCHAR(100) NULL, dienthoai NVARCHAR(10) NULL, CONSTRAINT CK_nhanvien_dienthoai CHECK (dienthoai LIKE '[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]____') hsluong DECIMAL(3,2) DEFAULT (1.92) madonvi NVARCHAR(10) NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT PK_nhanvien_manv PRIMARY KEY, CONSTRAINT UNIQUE_nhanvien_dienthoai UNIQUE(dienthoai) , CONSTRAINT FK_nhanvien_madonvi

FOREIGN KEY(madonvi) REFERENCES donvi(madonvi) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE

)

3. Sa cu trc bng a. C php

ALTER TABLE tn_bng ADD nh_ngha_ct | ALTER COLUMN tn_ct kiu_d_liu [NULL | NOT NULL] | DROP COLUMN tn_ct | ADD CONSTRAINT tn_rng_buc nh_ngha_rng_buc | DROP CONSTRAINT tn_rng_buc

b. V d 8.6


B sung vo bng DONVI v d 8.5, ct GHICHU * Hng dn:

ALTER TABLE nhanvien ADD

ghichu NVARCHAR(50)

4. Xa bng a. C php

DROP TABLE tn_bng b. V d 8.7: Xo bng DONVI ra khi CSDL. Lu : Ct MADONVI trong bng DONVI ang c tham chiu bi kho ngoi

FK_nhanvien_madonvi trong bng NHANVIEN. * Hng dn: - Xo b rng buc FK_nhanvien_madonvi khi bng NHANVIEN

ALTER TABLE nhanvien DROP CONSTRAINT FK_nhanvien_madonvi

- Xo bng DONVI: DROP TABLE donvi

Thc hnh

1. Khi ng SQL SERVER 2008: a. Start All programs Microsoft SQL Server 2008 SQL Server Management Studio b. Chng thc: chn 1 trong 2 ch v L ca Windows v L ca SQL Server

c. Chn Connect

2. To database: ca s Object Explorer, click chut phi vo Database sau chn New database - Database nane: banhang - Chn Ok

3. To cu trc table: a. To table Nhanvien


* ca s Object Explorer: - Nhp du + trc database banhang (thnh du -) - Click chut phi vo Table sau chn New table - Khai bo cu trc: V d 8.1 - Lu: nhp b. To table Donvi : t thc hin.

4. To rng buc cho table * Chn table Nhanvien a. Rng buc CHECK V d 8.2 * ca s hin th cu trc ca table Nhanvien - Click chut phi vo field ngaysinh, chn CheckConstraints - Nhp Add + (Name): g CK_nhanvien_ngaysinh Expression: g ([ngaysinh] < '1/1/1990')

- Nhp Add (ln 2) + (Name): g CK_nhanvien_dienthoai + Expression: g (dienthoai LIKE '[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]____') - Nhp Close * Chn table Donvi: t thc hin cho field dienthoai. b. Rng buc PRIMARY KEY * Chn table Nhanvien V d 8.3 * ca s hin th cu trc ca table Nhanvien - Click phi chut vo field manv v chn Set Primary Key * Cho table Donvi: t thc hin cho field madonvi . c. Rng buc UNIQUE * Chn table Nhanvien V d 8.4 * ca s hin th cu trc ca table Nhanvien - Click phi chut vo field dienthoai v chn Indexes / Keys - Nhp Add + (Name): g UNIQUE_nhanvien_dienthoai + Columns: dienthoai (ASC) + Type: Unique Key - Nhp Close

5. To quan h (relationship) cho cc table: Donvi, Nhanvien V d 8.5 * ca s Object Explorer - Click chut phi vo Database Diagrams sau chn New database Diagram - Chn cc table tham gia to quan h, nhp Close. - R field madonvi (t table nhanvien) th vo field madonvi (ca table donvi). - Khai bo:

Primary key table Foreign key table Donvi Nhanvien madonvi madonvi


6. Thm field GHICHU vo table DONVI V d 8.6 * ca s hin th cu trc ca table Donvi - Khai bo ( cui) thm field: ghichu, nvarchar(50), NULL

7. Nhp d liu cho cc table: Donvi, Nhanvien * ca s Object Explorer: - Click chut phi vo dbo.donvi / dbo.nhanvien sau chn Edit top 200 Rows - Nhp d liu

-- oOo --


Bi 9: CC CU LNH TRUY VN

* Xt CSDL banhang gm cc table: NHANVIEN, DONVI, MATHANG, NHATKYBANHANG

- Cu trc:

- D liu: Bng NHANVIEN

Bng DONVI


IV. Cc cu lnh truy vn

1. Cu lnh SELECT Cng dng: - Chn cc field t bng. C php:

SELECT [ALL | DISTINCT][TOP n] danh_sch_chn [INTO tn_bng_mi]

FROM danh_sch_bng [ | khung_nhn] [WHERE iu_kin] [GROUP BY danh_sch_ct] [HAVING iu_kin] [ORDER BY ct_sp_xp] [COMPUTE danh_sch_hm_gp [BY danh_sch_ct]]

Ch : Cc thnh phn trong cu lnh SELECT phi c s dng theo ng th t trn. c. Danh sch chn trong cu lnh SELECT - Chn tt c cc field V d 9.1a: Cu lnh sau y cho bit thng tin ca cc nhn vin trong bng NHANVIEN.

SELECT * FROM nhanvien n1 - i tn cc ct trong kt qu V d 9.1b: Cu lnh sau y cho bit HOTEN (h tn) c i thnh H v Tn, DIACHI (a ch)

c i thnh a Ch ca cc nhn vin trong bng NHANVIEN. SELECT 'H v Tn' = hoten, 'a Ch' = diachi FROM nhanvien

Hoc: SELECT hoten 'H v Tn', diachi 'a Ch' FROM nhanvien

- S dng cu trc CASE i tn cc ct trong kt qu V d 9.1c: Cu lnh sau y cho bit HOTEN (h tn), HSLUONG (h s lng) v (xp loi lng)

ca cc nhn vin trong bng NHANVIEN theo HSLUONG (h s lng). SELECT 'H v Tn'= hoten, 'H s lng' = hsluong, 'H s lng' =

CASE WHEN hsluong = NULL THEN 'Khng xc nh' WHEN hsluong


V d 9.1e: Cu lnh sau y s cho HOTEN (h tn) v LUONG (lng) ca nhn vin theo cng

thc LUONG = HSLUONG * 730000. SELECT 'H v Tn' = hoten, 'Lng' = hsluong * 730000 FROM nhanvien

- T kha DISTINCT: dng loi b nhng dng d liu c kt qu ging nhau V d 9.1f: Cu lnh sau s cho cc gi tr hsluong khc nhau trong bng NHANVIEN

SELECT hsluong FROM nhanvien

- To bng mi bng cu lnh SELECT INTO V d 9.1g: Cu lnh sau s to bng c tn NHANVIEN_LUU gm cc field HOTEN (h tn),

DIACHI (a ch) ca cc nhn vin c HSLUONG > 1.92 t bng NHANVIEN. SELECT hoten, diachi INTO nhanvien_luu FROM nhanvien WHERE hsluong > 1.92

- Sp xp kt qu (ASC: tng, DESC: gim) bng ORDER BY V d 9.1h: Cu lnh sau y s sp xp cc nhn vin theo th t gim dn ca HSLUONG (h s

lng), nu HSLUONG bng nhau th sp xp kt qu theo th t tng dn ca NGAYSINH (ngy sinh)

SELECT hoten, ngaysinh, hsluong FROM nhanvien ORDER BY hsluong DESC, ngaysinh ASC

d. Xc nh bng bng mnh FROM FROM danh_sch_bng [ | khung_nhn]

V d 9.1i: Cu lnh sau y cho bit HOTEN (h tn), DIACHI (a ch) ca cc nhn vin bng

cch gn b danh (alias) cho bng NHANVIEN. SELECT hoten, diachi FROM nhanvien n1

e. t iu kin truy xut d liu bng mnh WHERE WHERE iu_kin

iu_kin: s dng cc php ton sau + So snh: = , > , < , >= , , !< + Gii hn: BETWEEN AND , NOT BETWEEN AND + Danh sch: IN , NOT IN + Khun dng: LIKE , NOT LIKE Vi cc k t i din: % , _ , [] , [^] + Cc gi tr cha bit: IS NULL , IS NOT NULL + Kt hp cc iu kin: AND , OR

V d 9.1j: Cu lnh sau y cho bit HOTEN (h tn), DIACHI (a ch) v DIENTHOAI (in

thoi) ca cc nhn vin c HSLUONG (h s lng) ln hn 1.92 SELECT hoten, diachi FROM nhanvien WHERE hsluong > 1.92


V d 9.1k: Cu lnh sau y cho bit HOTEN (h tn), DIACHI (a ch) v DIENTHOAI (in

thoi) ca cc nhn vin c HSLUONG (h s lng) trong khong 1.92 n 3.11 SELECT hoten, diachi FROM nhanvien WHERE hsluong BETWEEN 1.92 AND 3.11

V d 9.1l: Cu lnh sau y cho bit HOTEN (h tn), DIACHI (a ch) v DIENTHOAI (in

thoi) ca cc nhn vin c HSLUONG (h s lng) l 1.86, 1.92, 2.11 SELECT hoten, diachi FROM nhanvien WHERE hsluong IN (1.86, 1.92, 2.11)

* Hoc: SELECT hoten, diachi FROM nhanvien WHERE hsluong = 1.86 OR hsluong = 1.92 OR hsluong = 2.11

V d 9.1m: Cu lnh sau y cho bit thng tin ca nhn vin c tn l NAM.

SELECT * FROM nhanvien WHERE hoten LIKE '%NAM'

V d 9.1n: Cu lnh sau y cho bit thng tin ca nhn vin khng c in thoi.

SELECT * FROM nhanvien WHERE dienthoai IS NULL

2. Thm d liu INSERT Cng dng: - Thm dng d liu (mu tin/record) vo bng. C php:

INSERT INTO tn_bng [(danh_sch_ct)] VALUES(danh_sch_tr)

V d 9.2a: Cu lnh sau y thm mt dng d liu vo bng DONVI

INSERT INTO donvi VALUES('06', 'Phng CTCT-HSSV', '821460')

V d 9.2b: Cu lnh sau y thm mt dng d liu vo bng NHANVIEN

INSERT INTO nhanvien VALUES('NV02003', 'L Th Mai', '23/05/1972', NULL, '523312', 1.92, '02')

V d 9.2c: Cu lnh sau y thm mt dng d liu vo bng NHANVIEN nhng ch in d liu

vo mt s ct. INSERT INTO nhanvien(manv, hoten, diachi, madonvi) VALUES('NV05002', 'Nguyn Th Hnh Dung', '56 Trn Ph', '05')

V d 9.2d: Thm d liu vo bng vi d liu ly t bng khc Cu lnh sau y thm d liu vo bng LUONG_NHANVIEN vi d liu ly t bng

NHANVIEN.


INSERT INTO luong_nhanvien SELECT manv, hoten, hsluong*730000 FROM nhanvien

3. Cp nht d liu UPDATE Cng dng: - Cp nht d liu trong cc bng. C php:

UPDATE tn_bng SET tn_ct = biu_thc [ , ... , tn_ct_k = biu_thc_k] [FROM danh_sch_bng] [WHERE iu_kin]

V d 9.3a: Cu lnh sau y tng HSLUONG (h s lng) thm 0.2 cho cc nhn vin c

MADONVI l 04. UPDATE nhanvien SET hsluong = hsluong + 0.2 WHERE madonvi = '04'

V d 9.3b: Cu lnh sau y s cp nht gi tr cho field THANHTIEN (thnh tin) trong bng

NHATKYBANHANG theo cng thc THANHTIEN = SOLUONG * DONGIA. UPDATE nhatkybanhang SET thanhtien = soluong * MATHANG.dongia

FROM MATHANG WHERE nhatkybanhang.mahang = MATHANG.mahang

4. Xa d liu DELETE Cng dng: - xa d liu trong bng. C php:

DELETE FROM tn_bng [FROM danh_sch_bng] [WHERE iu_kin]

V d 9.4: Cu lnh sau y xo khi bng NHANVIEN nhng nhn vin lm ti n v c

SODIENTHOAI (s in thoi) l '848484' DELETE FROM nhanvien FROM donvi WHERE nhanvien.madonvi = donvi.madonvi AND donvi.dienthoai = '848484'

5. Xa ton b d liu TRUNCATE Cng dng: - xa ton b d liu trong bng. C php:

TRUNCATE TABLE tn_bng V d 9.5: Cu lnh sau xo ton b d liu trong bng LUONG_NHANVIEN

DELETE FROM luong_nhanvien


Tng ng cu lnh TRUNCATE TABLE luong_nhanvien

V. Mt s hm thng dng trong SQL Server

1. Hm ngy gi a. Hm DATEADD C php:

DATEADD(datepart, number, date) Datepart: tham s ch nh thnh phn s c cng thm vo ngy date.

DatePart Vit tt year yy, yyyy

quarter qq, q month mm, m

dayofyear dy, y day dd, d week wk, ww hour hh minute mi, n second ss, s

milisecond ms

Cng dng: Hm tr v mt gi tr kiu DateTime bng cch cng thm mt khong gi tr l number vo ngy date c ch nh.

b. Hm DATEDIFF C php:

DATEDIFF(datepart, startdate, enddate) Cng dng: Hm tr v khong thi gian gia 2 gi tr kiu ngy startdate v enddate ty

thuc vo datepart. V d:

DateDiff(year, '3/10/2003', '6/15/2010') kt qu: 7 c. Hm DATEPART C php:

DATEPART(datepart, date) Cng dng: Hm tr v mt s nguyn c trch ra t thnh phn c ch nh bi

datepart trong gi tr ngy date. V d:

DatePart(year, '6/15/2010') kt qu: 2010 d. Hm GETDATE C php:

GETDATE() Cng dng: Hm tr v gi tr l ngy hin ti. e. Hm DAY, MONTH, YEAR C php:

DAY(date) / MONTH(date) / YEAR(date) Cng dng: Hm tr v gi tr l ngy / thng / nm ca ngy date. V d:

Day('6/15/2010') kt qu: 15 Month('6/15/2010') kt qu: 6


Year('6/15/2010') kt qu: 2010

2. Hm chui a. Hm LEFT C php:

LEFT(string, n) Cng dng: Hm trch t chui string n k t tnh t bn tri. b. Hm RIGHT C php:

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Visual Studio Lap Trinh C 2008 Co Ban