Voting Machin

8/8/2019 Voting Machin

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ELECTRONIC VOTING

MACHINE

ABSTRACT

India is worlds largest democracy. It is perceived to be charismatic one as

it accommodates cultural, regional, economical, social disparities and still

is able to stand on its own. Fundamental right to vote or simply voting in

elections forms the basis of Indian democracy.

In India all earlier elections be it state elections or centre elections a

voter used to cast his/her vote to his/her favorite candidate by putting the

stamp against his/her name and then folding the ballot paper as per a

prescribed method before putting it in the Ballot box. This is a long, time-

consuming process and very much prone to errors. This situation

continued till election scene was completely changed by electronic voting

machine. No more ballot paper, ballot boxes, stamping, etc. all this

condensed into a simple box called ballot unit of the electronic voting

machine.


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T

HEORY

Electronic Voting Machine is widely used Application Now a days. This

Application has two main Units

1) Balloting Unit2) Controlling Unit

Balloting Consists of Matrix of switches which has 16 different switches.

Each one correspondence to the Candidate of the different Party. On

each switch different Symbols are shown, so each switch represents thedifferent and unique Candidate. When user enters Balloting Unit, He/She

is allowed to vote to any of the 16 candidate. If user tries to give vote to

more than one candidate then one candidate then only first vote is

recorded.

At controlling unit, counting is done and results are declared.

How the Vote is cast with this EVM?

The entire process is very easy to understand:

Like in earlier system, your name is called and you are asked to signor put your thumb impression in a register.

After your identification is done by Election Officer, an ink mark isput on your finger, same as earlier.

Then the Election Officer gives you a slip that bears the Voterregister number where you signed or put your thumb impression.

You hand over this slip to the presiding officer who confirms theserial number and permits you to vote by pressing the button of the

Control Unit of EVM. You are not given any ballot thereafter, and are sent to the EV

Machine placed behind a card board in a corner The machine is


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As soon as the button is pressed, the red LED indicator lights up anda whistle sound comes from the machine. This signifies that yourvote has been casted rightly. Now you can come out.

In case of red LED not working, press the Blue button firmly again. Iffinding it difficult, consult the Presiding Officer.

Your vote is complete safe and secret and there is no room for error

as well. You can rest assured that your vote is not going to beinvalid in any case.

The Voting Machine is attached to the 'Control Unit'. When the userpresses the button, his vote is registered in the control unit and thenumber of votes for the respective candidates is calculatedautomatically.

BLOCK DIAGRAM


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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM


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WORKING

The Electronic voting machine builds around Microcontroller Atmel

AT89C51. The power supply from 9V is down converted and regulated 5V

to the circuit.

Reset switch is used to manually reset in microcontroller, while

power on reset signal for microcontroller is derived from combination of

resistors. Pin 31 (EA/Vcc) is connected to the Vcc to enable internal

program executive. Pin 18 and 19 are input and output pins of the build ininverting amplifier, respectively, which can be use as an on-chip

oscillator. An 11.592 MHz crystal is used to generate clock frequency to

the microcontroller

Port 3 is used to drive the segment common-cathod display. Pins

17 down through 10 are connected to the input pins of 8-bit 3-state

non inverting bus transceiver IC 74LS245

$

output IC 74LS245 via resistor of 82 IC 74LS245 is used to as non

inverting bus transceiver to increase the current level Resistors of 82

are used to the limit the current through 7-segment displays. Each

display compromises of light emitting diodes (LEDs) with their common

cathode connected together, hence

t

Port 1 acts as multiplex to select a particulars 7 segment displayusing octal Darlington transistor array JLN 2803 transistor. Pin 5 through


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Port 1 and Port 3 provides the segment data and enable signal

simultaneously for displaying a particular number on 7-segment display.

Port 2 detects pressing of the switches (Start, Display, Count and Clear)

by pulling the port pins to ground. The software detects the pressing of

the switches and reacts as per program and uzzer is turn on along with

LED.

Port 2 is connected to the switches (Matrix 4 x 4).

Connection Should Be as follows for Matrix:-

Pin 21-Pin 28 of IC89C51 should be connected to the Light Blue,

brown, Black, Red, Orange, Yellow, Green wires of Marix Respectively

OPERATION

1 Connect 9V battery


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PCB RULES/SOLDERING AND

TROUBLESHOOTING

PCB RULES

1. No sharp right angle bends or conductors when spacing is closer than 0.012 in.

2. Use circular pads for all pad/vias except pin one (1) on through hole components, which

should be square.

3. All signal traces must originate or end at a pad or via (no `T' connectionspermitted).

4. T's are permitted on power and ground wiring.

5. All power and ground traces must be a minimum of 0.050 in. wide except for tie upsand

tie downs.

6. Maintain consistent orientation of similar components on the card.

7. The component location screen must indicate the following on the component side:

(a) Component outline.

(b) Component identification code from schematics (i.e. U1, R1, ....)

(c) Orientation of component (notch or pin 1).

(d) Diodes must have anode/cathode marked.

(e) "+" indicating polarity of polarized capacitors.

(f) Card name.

(g) Bright white indelible ink is to be used for the marking.

8. Refer to board outline drawing for required component placement.

9. Number components to read like book (upper left to lower right). Provide updated

information in Protel format.

10. Decoupling capacitors have a 1206 spacing. Place at roughly 1 capacitor for every

I.C.equivalent.

11. Provide 2 .040 holes .1" apart for ground at 1 place on the PCB.

12. Put "100000 Rev. X" in copper.13. PCB is to be X Layers SMOBC .062 thick.

SOLDERING


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Moving components BEFORE the solder has solidified may again either LIFT the copper

tracks or cause a DRY JOINT explained previously.

Apply the soldering iron tip and solder to the joint SIMULTANEOUSLY and keep there

until the solder flows correctly over the joint.

Remove the soldering iron tip IMMEDIATELY after the smoke from the flux within the

solder disappears approximately 2 seconds after the solder melts.

Only use SILVER-LOADED SOLDER for SMT joints (2% Silver)

TROUBLESHOOTING

After making the project we had gone through the following steps.

1) We check the continuity of the layout using DMM.

2) We check whether any dry soldering is there in circuit or not.

3) We connected the disconnected path of copper using the soldering material.

4) We check the voltages at different pins of IC 556 using DMM.

FLOWCHART

FLOWCHART REPRESENTING THE WORKING OF THE SYSTEM:

Start

No

Press 279

Press Restart

switch


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Yes

CODE

ORG OOH DELAY2M

CLR O1.5

LCALL

DELAY2M

SWP1:

A,#OFFH

MOV

MOV P2,A

MOV A,#00H

MOV P1,A

MOV P2,A

MOV P3,A

SWP:

LCALL

DELAY2M

MOV

A,#OFFH

MOV P2,A

CLR P2.0

CLR P2.1

CLR P2.2

CLR P2.3

SETB P0.0

SETB P0.1

SETB P0.2

CLR P2.0

CLR P2.1 ANL

MOV P2,A

A,#0F0H

Stop


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SETB P1.1

SETB P1.2

SETB P1.3

CLR P2.3

MOV A,P2

OPL A

ADD A,#0F0H

JZ SWP1

ANL A,#0F0H

ORL,

A,#0F0H

CPL A

SCANKEY

LCALL

CLR P0.0

LCALL DELAy

ADD A,#00H MOV 31H,A

SEPTB P0.0 JZ DISPEP

MOV A,#00H

MOV P3,A

WR1:

A,#0FFH

MOV P2,A

L1: MOVP3,#3DH

SETB P1.4

LCALL

DELAY2M

SCANKEY LCALL

CLR P2.0

CLR P2.1

CLR P2.2

CLR P2.3

CLR

P.14

LCALLD

ELAY2M

MOV 30H,A MOV A,P2

ANL, A#0F0H

LCALL

DELAY2M

SWR: MOV,

A#0FFH

MOV P2,A

ORL, A#0FH

CPL A


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DELAY2M MOV

C,P1.0

JC L1

CLR P2.0

CLR P2.1

CLR P2.2

CLR P2.3

DISPEP:

A,#504

MOV

MOV P3,A

SETB P1.4

LCALL

MOV A,P2

ANL A#0FH

ORL A#0FH

CPL A

ADD A#0OH

JNZ SWR

SWP2:

A#0FH

MOV

DELAY2M

CLR

P1.4

MOV A, A#0FH

MOV P3,A

SETB P.15

LCALL

MOV P2,A

CLR P2.0

CLR P2.1

CLR P2.2

CLR P2.3

OV A,P2

ANL A,#0F0H

ORL A,#0F0H

CPL A,

ADD A,#00H

JZ SWP2

DELAY2M

MAIN:

LJMP DISPE

CLR P0.2

MOV 69H,A

MOV 6AH,A

MOV 6AH,A

MOV 6AH,A

MOV 6AH,A

MOV 6AH,A

MOV 6AH,A

SCANKEY MOV 70H,A


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COUNTERS

SWR2:

MOV

A,#FFH

MOV 41H,A

MOV 42H,A

MOV 43H,A

MOV 44H,A

MOV 45H,A

MOV 73H,A

MOV 74H,A

MOV 75H,A

MOV 76H,A

MOV 77H,A

CLR P2.0

CLR P2.1

CLR P2.2

CLR P2.3

MOV 46H,A

MOV 47H,A

MOV 48H,A

MOV 49H,A

MOV 4AH,A

MOV 78H,A

MOV 79H,A

MOV 7AH,A

MOV 7BH,A

MOV 7CH,A

NOV A,P2

ANL A,#0FOH

ORL A,#0FH

CPL A

AD A,#0OH

JNZ SWR2

MOV 4BH,A

MOV 4CH,A

MOV 4DH,A

MOV 4EH,A

MOV 4FH,A

MOV A,30H

SUBB A,#1H

JNZ DISPE

MOV AM31H

SUBB A,#6H

JNZ DISPE

MOV A,32H

SUBB A,#8H

MOV 50H,A

MOV 51H,A

MOV 52H,A

MOV 53H,A

MOV 54H,A

MOV 55H,A

MOV 56H,A

MOV 57H,A

MOV 58H,A

MOV 59H,A

MOV 5AH,A

XXX:


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MOV 5CH,A

OVER:l

SJMP

LJMP MAIN MOV 5DH,A

MOV 5EH,A

OVER

DISPE:

MOV

P3,#5DH

SETB P1.4

LCALL

MOV 60H,A

MOV 61H,A BBB: LJMP BBBB

DELAY2M MOV 62H,A CCC: LJMP CCCC

CLR P.14

LCALL

MOV 63H,A

MOV 64H,A AAA: MOV C.P.2

DELAY2M

LCALL

MOV 65H,A

MOV 66H,A JNC AAA

DELAY2M

LCALL

MOV 67H,A

MOV 68H,A

CLR P0.1

A1 MOV P3,#

OD C H

SETB P.14

LCALL

MOV A@R0

MOV 38H,A

CLR P.20

CLR P2.1

CLR P2.2

CLR P2.3

2M

CLR P1.4

LCALL

MOV A@R1

MOV 39H,A

MOV A.P2

ANL A,#0F0H

AY2M

LCALL

ORL A,#0FH

CPL ADELAY2M ADD A,#00H
mailto:A@R0mailto:A@R0mailto:A@R0mailto:A@R0


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DELAY2M MOV A,R2

MOV R0,A

MOV A,@RO

MOV 3AH,A

MOV RO,B

CLR P0.0

MOV A,#0FH

SWP3:

MOV

A,#OFFH

MOV P2,A

CLR P2.0

CLR P2.1

MOV B,RO

MOV A,R3

MOV RO,A

MOV A,@RO

MOV 3BH,A

MOV R0,B

AAA2:

DELAT2M

MOV 30H,A

MOV P3,#01H

SETBP1.4

LCALL

CLR P1.4

CLR P2.2

CLR P.23

MOV A,P2

ANL A,#0F0H

ORL A,#0FH

CPL A

ADD A,#001

JZ AAA1

MOV A,#0FFH

MOV P2,A

LCALL

INTEM

MOV A,38H

MOV @R0,A

MOV A,39H

MOV @R1,A

MOV B,R0

LCALL

DELAY2M

DELAY2M

DELAY2M

LCALL

LCALL

DJNZ

30H,AAA2

SETB P0.0S

LCALL

SCANKEY

ANL A,#0FH

MOV A,R2

MOV R0,A

MOV A,3AH

MOV @R0,A

INCREMENT

COUNTER

TOTAL


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RL A

RL A

AD A,#40H

MOV R1,A

ADD A,#01H

MOV R2,A SWR3:

A,#0FFH

MOV B,R0

MOV A,R3

MOV R0,A

MOV A,3BH

MOV @R0,A

MOV R0,B

MOV

INTEM

MOV 38H,3CH

MOV 39H,3DH

MOV 3AH,3EH

MOV 3BH,3FH

LCALL

ADD A,#01H

MOV R3,A

MOV 3CH, 38H

MOV 3DH, 39H

MOV 3EH, 3AH

MOV 3FH, 3BH

LJMP XXX

BBBB: MOV

C,P1.3

JNC BBBB

MOV, A#00H

MOV 66H,A

MOV 67H,A

MOV 68H,A

MOV 69H,A

MOV 6AH,A

MOV 6BH,A

MOV 6CH,A

MOV 6DH,A

MOV 6EH,A

MOV 6FH,A


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MOV 40H,A

CLEAR

COUNTERS

MOV 41H,A

MOV 42H,A

MOV 43H,A

MOV 44H,A

MOV 45H,A

MOV 46H,A

MOV 47H,AMOV 48H,A

MOV 49H,A

MOV 4AH,A

MOV 4BH,A

MOV 4CH,A

MOV 4DH,A

MOV 4EH,A

MOV 4FH,A

MOV 50H,A

MOV 51H,A

MOV 52H,A

MOV 53H,A

MOV 54H,A

MOV 55H,A

MOV 56H,A

MOV 57H,A

MOV 58H,A

MOV 71,HA

MOV 72H,A

MOV 73H,A

MOV 74H,A

MOV 75H,A

MOV 76H,A

MOV 77H,A

MOV 78H,A

MOV 79H,A

MOV 7AH,A

MOV 7BH,A

MOV 7CH,A

MOV 7DH,A

MOV 7EH,A

MOV 7FH,A

MOV 38H,A

MOV 39H,A

MOV, 3AH,A

MOV, 3BH,A

MOV, 3CH,AMOV, 3DH,A

MOV, 3EH,A

MOV, 3FH,A

MOV, A,#0FH

MOV 30H A

SEGVAL

SEGVAL

SEGVAL

CCCC1:

P3 38H

MOV A,3VCH

LCALL

MOV ,38H,A

MOV A,3DH

LCALL

MOV ,39H,A

MOVA ,3EH

LCALL

MOV ,3AH,A

MOV ,A3FH

LCALL

MOV


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MOV 5AH,A

MOV 5BH,A

MOV 5CH,A

MOV 5DH,A

MOV 5EH,A

MOV 5FH,A

MOV 60H,A

MOV 61H,A

MOV 62H,A

MOV 63H,A

MOV 64H,A

MOV 65H,A

BBB1:

DELAY2M

DELAY2M

DELAY2M

DELAY2M

MOV

P3,#70H

SETB P1.4

LCALL

CLR P.14

LCALL

LCALL

LCALL

DELAY2M

DELAY2M

LCALL

CLR P1.4

MOV P3,39H

STB P1.5

LCALL

CLR P1.5

MOV P3,3AH

SETB P1.6

LCALL

DELAY2M

CLR P1.6

MOV P3,3BH

SETB P1.7

LCALL

MOV

A,@R0 MOV 38H,A

MOV @R0,A

MOV 39H,A

MOV B,R0

MOV A,34H

SEGVAL

SEGVAL

LCALL

MOV 38H,A

MOV A,35H

LCALL

MOV 39H,A

DELAY2M

CLR P.17

MOV A,R2

MOV R0,A

MOV A@R0 SEGVAL

MOV 36H,H

LCALL


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SWP4MOV

MOV B,R0

MOV A,R3

SEGVAL

MOV A,37H

LCALL

A,#0FFH MOV R0,A MOV 3BH,A

MOV P2,A

CLR P2.0

CLR P2.1

MOV A@R0

MOV 3BH,A

MOV R0,B

MOV A,#3FH

MOV 30H,A

CLR P2.2

CLR P2.3

SWR4

A,#0FFH:

MOV CCCC2:

P3,38H

MOV

SETB P1.4

MOV A,P2 MOV P2,A LCALL

ANL A,#0F0HORL A,#0FH

CPL A

ADD A,#00H

JZ CCCC1

CLR P2.0

CLR P2.1

CLR P2.2

CLR P2.3

DELAY2MCLR P1.4

MOV P3,39H

SETB P1.5

LCALL

MOV A,#0FFH

MOV P2,A

LCALL

SCANKEY

MOV A,P2

ANL A,#0F0H

ORL A,#0FH

CPL A

ADD A#00H

JNZ SWR4

DELAY2M

MOV

P3.3AH

DELAY2M

CLR P.156

SETB P.16

LCALL

ANL A,#0FH MOV CLR P1/6
mailto:A@R0mailto:A@R0


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RL A

ADD A,#40H MOV P.3.3BH

MOV R0,A

MOVING CVALUE TO TEM

ADD A,#01H

MOV R1,A

ADD A,#01H

MOV R2,A

ADD A,#01H

MOV R3,A

MOV34H,38H

MOV

35H,38H

MOV

36H,38H

MOV37H,38H

DELAY2M

30H,CCCC2

SETB P.17

LCALL

CLR P.17

DJNZ

LJMP XXX

SEGVAL:

CJNE

A,#0U,NO

Z11 MOV A,3AH

ADD

ONE: MOV

A,#0U

RET

MOV

RET

A,#7RH

Z111

MOV ,3AH

RET

MOV A,39H

TWO:

THREE:

MOV

A,#1H

RET

M

OV

NO:

CJNE

A,#01

H,N1

MOV

A,#22H

RET

ADD A,#1H

MOV 39H,A

RET

A,#2H

FOUR:

RET

MOV

A,#3H

N1:

CJNE

A,#02

Z1111 MOV A,38H

ADD A,#1H

MOV 38H A

FIVE:

RET

MOVA,#4H


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RET

N2:

CJNE

A,#03

H,N3

MOV

A,#37H

RET

MOVA,#0FFH

RET

SCANKEY:

SIX:

SEVEN

MOV

A,#5H

RET

MOV

N3:

CJNE

A,#04

H,N4

MOV

A,#2BH

RET

MOV P2,A

CLR P2.0

MOV

C,P2.4

A,#6H

EIGHT:

RET

MOV

A,#7H

RET

N4:

CJNE

A,#05

H,N5

MOV

A,#3DH

RET

N5: CJNE

A,#06H,N6

JNC

ONE

MOV

C,P2.5

JNC TWO

MOV

C,P2.6

NINE:

TEN:

MOV

A,#8H

RET

MOV

A,#9H

RET

MOV A,#7DH

RET

JNC

THREE

MOV

C,P2.7

JNC

FOUR

SETB P.20

ELEVEN:

A,#0AH

MOV

RET

N6: MOV


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H,N7

MOV

A,#26H

RET

CLR P2.1

MOV C,P2.4

A,#0BH

RET

N7:

CJNE

A,#08

H,N8

MOV

A,#7FH

RET

MOV C,P2.4

JNC FIVE

MOV C,P2.5

JNC SIX

THIRTEEN:

FOURTEEN:

RET

MOV

A,#0CH

RET

MOV

A,#0DH

N8:

CJNE

A,#09

H,N9

MOVA,#2FH

RET

MOV C,P2.6

JNC SEVEN

MOV C,P2.7

FIFTEEN:

RET

MOV

A,#0EH

RET

N9:

RET

CLR P2.2

JNC EIGHT

SETB P.2.1

SIXTEEN:

DELAY2M

MOV

A,#0FH

RET

MOV

INTEM: MOV

A,3BH

CJNE A,#09H,Z1

MOV A,#00H

MOV 3BH,A

MOV A,3AH

MOV C,P2.4

JNC NINE

MOV C,P2.5

JNC TEN

MOV C,P2.6

R3,#4

MOV

R4#145

TTI:

DJNZ R4,TT1

DJNZ R3,TT1

NOPRET


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MOV A,#OOH

MOV ,3AH,A

MOV, 39H

CJNE

A,#90H,Z111

MOV A,#OOH

MOV A,39H

MOV A,38H

CJNE

A,#90H,Z1111

LJMP OVER

Z1 MOV

A,3BH

ADD

A,#1H

MOV

3BH,A

RET

SETB P2.3

MOV C,P2.7

JNC TWELVE

SETB P.2.2

CLR P2.3

MOV C.P.24

JNC

THIRTEEN

MOV C.P.25

JNCFOURTEEN

MOV C.P.26

JNC FIFTEEN

MOV C.P.27

JNC SIXTEEN

LJMP

SCANKEY

TTU1:

R3,.#132

MOV

R1,.#116

DJNZ

R1TTU1

DJNZ

R2TTU1

DJNZ

R3TTU1

RED

ORG 700H

DB 7EH

DB 22H

DB 57H

DB 37H

DB 2BH

DB 3DH

DB 7DH

DB 26H

DB 7FH

DB 2FH

END

END


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RESULT AND CONCLUSION

The EVM consists of a control unit (CU) and ballot unit (BU), both the units

are working independently and in collaboration with each other as well. The CU is accepting password in voting mode and is respondingaccordingly.


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In total, the complete system (including all the hardware components and

software routines) is working as per the initial specifications and

requirements of our project. Because of the creative nature of the design,

and due to lack of time, some features could not be fine-tuned and are

not working properly. So certain aspects of the system can be modified asoperational experience is gained with it. As the users work with the

system, they develop various new ideas for the development and

enhancement of the project.

COMPONENTS


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U3 - 74LS245 non inverting bus transceiverU4 - AT89C51 MicrocontrollerDS1-DS4 - LTS 543 seven segment common cathode displayLD1, - Red LED (5mm)LD2 - Green LED (5mm)RN1, RN2 - 10k*9 pin (1/4 watts)-Resistor Bank

XTAL - 11.0592 MHz 10k (1/4 watts)R1-R7 - 82R8 - 100R9-R10 - 470R11 - 10kC1 - 1000uF, 25 V electrolyticC2, C3 - Not RequiredS1-S6 - Push-to-on switch (2-Legs) Tack switchSocket - 18 Pin IC BaseSocket - 20 Pin IC BaseSocket - 14 Pin IC Base

J1-J4 - JumpersBattery - 9V-BatterySwitch Matrix - 4 * 4 Switch PCBSwitch - 12mm 4 PIN Tack Switch 16 Pec

REFERENCE

Muhammad Ali Mazidi , Janice Gillispie Mazidi, Rolin D. Mckinlay.Second edition, THE 8051 MICROCONTROLLER AND EMBEDDED


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K. J. Ayala. Third edition, The 8051 MICROCONTROLLER

General information about electronic voting machinewww.eci.gov.in

www.eci.gov.in/faq/evm.asp

www.eci.gov.in/Audio_VideoClips/presentation/EVM.ppt

www.rajasthan.net/election/guide/evm.htm

www.indian-

elections.com/electoralsystem/electric votingmachine .html

Tutorial on microcontroller:www.8051projects.net/microcontroller_tutorials/
http://www.eci.gov.in/http://www.eci.gov.in/faq/evm.asphttp://www.eci.gov.in/Audio_VideoClips/presentation/EVM.ppthttp://www.rajasthan.net/election/guide/evm.htmhttp://www.indian-elections.com/electoralsystem/electricvotingmachine.htmlhttp://www.indian-elections.com/electoralsystem/electricvotingmachine.htmlhttp://www.indian-elections.com/electoralsystem/electricvotingmachine.htmlhttp://www.eci.gov.in/http://www.eci.gov.in/faq/evm.asphttp://www.eci.gov.in/Audio_VideoClips/presentation/EVM.ppthttp://www.rajasthan.net/election/guide/evm.htmhttp://www.indian-elections.com/electoralsystem/electricvotingmachine.htmlhttp://www.indian-elections.com/electoralsystem/electricvotingmachine.html


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Documents

Voting Machin