Waste recycling and sustainable development

in Qingdao

Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences(CRAES)

Meng WeiMay, 2012

Main contents

Generation and recycling of solid waste in China

Waste recycling case study in Qingdao

2

General survey of cities in China

Number of main cities in China:661

Urban population:0.69 billion, accounting for 51.27%

Average GDP of urban people：5540 USD

Main types of solid waste in cities

Municipal solid waste

Industrial solid waste

Hazardous waste

Other solid waste (E-waste, Kitchen waste)

4

5

85.4%

4.5%

10.1%

LandfillCompostIncineration

Quantity and fate of municipal solid waste (Cleaned and transported)

2006 2007 2008 2009 201014000

14500

15000

15500

16000

year

×10,000 tons

6

Yield and recycling rate of industrial solid waste

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 201050000

100000

150000

200000

250000

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%Yield

Recycling rate

Year

×10,000 tons

7

Yield and recycling rate of hazardous waste

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010600

1000

1400

1800

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%YieldRecycling rate

Year

×10,000 tons

Generation and fate of E-waste

Main e-waste yield:4.5 million tons Main types: computers. TV, refrigerators, washing machines, air

conditioners, occupying for 98% Main fate： selling to second hand dealer, turn in for new one, leaving

unused and donation

00.5

11.5

22.5

33.5

44.5

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

×Million tons

others1.92%

waste washingmachines

1.88%wasterefrigerators

7.36%

waste TV13.33%

waste computers23.76%

waste airconditioners

1.08%

small appliances0.12%

waste monitors50.47%

General survey of the circular economy development in China

Key provinces and cities

10 provinces and cities (such as Shandong province, Liaoning Province and Jiangsu province) were chosen as the experimental units, including resource-based, resource-poor, and other types.

Industry parks

13 industry parks were chosen as the experimental units, including national and provincial development zones, heavy and chemical industries concentration zones, and agricultural demonstration zones.

Key industries of high-consuming and heavy-polluting

7 key industries were chosen, including steel, non-ferrous metals, coal, power, chemical, building materials, light industry; pilot job was carried out in 42 enterprises.

Key areas of resources recycling

4 key areas were chosen, including recycling network construction, waste metals recycling, e-waste recycling, and remanufacturing; pilot job was carried out in 17 enterprises.

Achievements of circular economy in China

Recycled industrial solid waste accounts for 67%, up to 1.6 billion tons

per year; recycled hazardous waste accounts for 62%, up to 10 million

tons per year.

0.34 billion tons of coal were saved by the implementation of 10 energy-

saving key projects.

Coal consumption of power plant was reduced by 10.0%, from 370 g to

333 g coal per kilowatt-hour; energy consumption of steel plant was

reduced by 12.8%, from 694 Kg to 605 Kg coal; energy consumption of

cement plant was reduced by 24.6%.

Qingdao

Located in the south of Shandong peninsula, bordered on the Yellow sea

key port and tourist city Total area : 10,000 square kilometers,

population: 8.6 million Home appliance, basic chemical

industry, light industry, textiles, machinery manufacture are main industries

It is inevitable to develop the resource circulation for sustainable development

General survey of Qingdao

Frame system of circular economy development in Qingdao

12Common technologies to develop circular economy

in cities

Renewable energy utilization

Wastes recycling

Sea water heat, wind energy,solar energy

Recycling of coal ash and e-waste

Information support

Solid waste informationexchange platform

Engineering and

technology

Management and policy

Recovery network

Circular economy model

Management policy

Informationized eco-industrial park, vein industry park model

E-waste recovery network

Industry policy,economy policy

legislation

Generation characters of industrial solid wastes in Qingdao

2004 2005 2006 20070

200

400

600

800

452495

602

703

Total SW Common industrial SW Hazardous SW

Large yield

Industrial solid

wastes:6.5283 million tons

Hazardous

wastes:500.7thousand tons

Main types

Such as carbide slag, white

mud and coal ash.

Closely related with the

industry structure.

×10000 tons

Building materials production plant

Coal ash

PVC production plant

Alkali production plant

Huangdao power plant

Carbide

slag

Whi

te m

ud

Carbide slag Pyrite slag

Cyanide

residue

Lead and zinc smelting plant

Sulfuric acid plant

Sulfur concentrate

Gold smelting plant

Newly increased production value annually:25 million USD;Energy consumption per unit product:0.086t standard coal per 10 thousand RMB, 93% decrease compared to the average level in China;SO2 emission reduction amount: 190t/a;COD emission reduction amount: 2t/a.

Recycling of several typical solid waste

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50,000 tons

140,000 tons

40,000 tons

100,000 tons

60,000 tons

25,000 tons

Supporting system speeding the recycling of solid waste –building the platform for waste information exchange

15

Recycling of solid waste from the communities (E-waste)

16

Fate of electronic waste in Qingdao

citizens

units

销售

以旧换新

idle

present

junk market

recovery personnel

wasted and old materials recovery companies

second hand

dismantling

accessories

wastes

regenerated resources

Open-air emissions

relatives and friends

hope project

depressed area

sale

new good for old

Sale; 52%Presented; 31%

Idle;

17%

E-waste dismantling and recycling demonstration project

Implementation site: Qingdao Xintiandi Ecological Circular Tech. Co., Ltd

Processing capability :0.6 million per year

Economic benefit: production value up to 8 million USD per year

Society benefit: promoting the implementation of old for new policy

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Fund mechanism of e-waste recycling

Product Sale income Recycling price Recycling cost Disposal cost Subsidy

Refrigerator(>150L) 244.8 115 34 58.3 -37.5

Window air conditioner 126.7 90 27 21.7 -12.0

Wall-mounted air-conditioner 198.9 115 34 22.7 -27.2

Cabinet air conditioner 401.2 300 36 31.7 -33.5

Ripple double washing mac 139.0 65 27 26.7 -20.3

Ripple full-automatic wave-wheel washing machine 155.9 90 27 26.7 -12.2

Roller washing machine 200.5 100 27 26.7 -46.8

Refrigerator(<=150L) 76.8 75 31 43.3 72.5

TV（ <CRT25） 50.9 10 15 31.7 5.78

TV（ >CRT25） 66.5 65 18 36.7 53.2

Desktop computer 63.0 90 18 41.7 86.7

Note： Negative means not require subsidy 19

Vein industry park in Qingdao

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Waste appliances and electronic products: 0.6 million/y

Waste cars: 25 thousand/yWaste plastics: 80 thousand tons/yWaste tyres: 30 thousand tons/yHazardous wastes: 80 thousand tons/yMedical wastes: 8 thousand tons/y

Development of sea water heat resources in Qingdao

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Total capacity potential is 900MW

Development potential analysis

Development and utilization of wind energy

Wind energy utilization demonstration project in Huawei wind power plant

22

Wind energy density: 240.3w/m2 Average available time per year: 6485 hours

Development and utilization of solar energy

Solar energy demonstration projects were launched in Mo river park, and high-tech zone .

Environmental benefit: saved coal up to 0.45t/y, CO2 reduced up to 1.2t/y 1

9

2

3

65

4

78

1110

High Middl

eLow23

<Notice on comprehensively promoting the clean production>, < Implementation for

resource conservation campaign project in Qingdao>, <Opinion about developing the

circular economy in Qingdao>, and other official files were issued successively to give

tax preference to the projects regarding energy saving, and waste recycling.

Policy system to promote the development of circular economy

Industry structure analysis and resourcfulization potential evaluation are the basis for solid waste recycling

Comprehensive recycling of main industrial solid waste, such as carbide slag and white mud, was implemented in Qidao

Solid waste information exchange platform and E-waste recovery network were constructed, playing the important role in the circular economy development

Environmental safety in the resourcfulization process must be paid much attention

Summary

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Thank you for your attention!Mengwei@craes.org.cn

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