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Water Hammer Unsteady flow Rapid change of discharge Chapter 11

Water Hammer

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Water Hammer. Unsteady flow Rapid change of discharge Chapter 11. Elevation =1670 m. D= 1m. Elevation =1000 m. 3 m. Water Hammer Example penstock 6 km long. ปิดประตูน้ำ อย่างฉับพลัน ?. Penstock ยาวมาก. http://www.tibranch.com/tibranchmain3.html. Surge Pressure. Static pressure line. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Water Hammer

Water Hammer

Unsteady flowRapid change of discharge

Chapter 11

Page 2: Water Hammer

Water Hammer Examplepenstock 6 km long

Elevation =1670 m

D= 1m

3 m

Elevation =1000 m

ปิ�ดปิระตู�น้ำ� อย่��งฉั�บพลั�น้ำ ?

Page 3: Water Hammer

Penstock ย่�วม�ก

http://www.tibranch.com/tibranchmain3.html

Page 4: Water Hammer

Incompressible Assumptionตั�วอย่�าง Steel Penstock diameter = 1m ย่�ว 6000 m V =3.7 m/s

ปิ�ด valve ให้�สน้ำ�ทใช้�เวลั� 4 ว�น้ำ�ท! จงห้�คว�มด�น้ำท!$เพ�$มขึ้&น้ำ แลัะ แรง Tension ใน้ำท�อ

Surge Pressure

Static pressure line

Hydraulic gradient

Page 5: Water Hammer

Momentum Equation

Mass of liquid in pipeline= AL

Momentum of liquid = ALVdM dV

ALdt dt

dVpA AL

dt

dVp L

dt

6000 3.7

9.81 4

L dVh

g dt

δh = 565 m

Page 6: Water Hammer

ห้� pressure ท!$ Valve

Pressure ท!$ Valve ก�อน้ำปิ�ด ( Re = 3.7×1/8×10-7 = 4.63×106 , k/D = 0.03/1000 = 3×10-5 Moody diagram ให้� f = .011) 2 26000 3.7

.011 46.12 1 19.62L

L VH f m

D g

ปิ�ด valve: Pressure head ท!$ Valve = 670-46 = 624 m ค�ดเปิ(น้ำ pressure = 9810×624 N/m2

= 6.12 MPa

ไม�รวม Water Hammer รวมแลั�ว =?

Page 7: Water Hammer

ตู�ด Free Body Diagramห้� แรง tension

6.12 MPa

3.06 MN

3.06 MN

ไม�รวม Water Hammer ถ้��รวมแลั�วจะตู�องห้น้ำ�เท��ไร

Thickness= 3.06MN/118MPa=0.026 m

Page 8: Water Hammer

ว�ธี!แก�ปิ,ญห้�

Surge Tank (Fig.11-21

http://www.armourtech.com/museum/hsdam3.jpg

Page 9: Water Hammer

Surge Tank

Page 10: Water Hammer

ว�ธี!แก�ปิ,ญห้�

http://www.shock-guard.com/shockguard-images/surge_shcm.gif

Page 11: Water Hammer

Transients caused by pumps

Read 11-11 Fig. 11-18

Page 12: Water Hammer

Control Dievices11-12 Roberson

Surge tanks (Fig. 11-21)Air ChambersValvesFlywheels

Page 13: Water Hammer

Compressible Assumption

cVo

P

ρ

0

P+δP

ρ+δρ

P K

ตู�ร�งท��ย่ตู�ร� Fluid Mechanics ม!ค�� K (Bulk Modulus) เปิ�ดตู�ร�ง @ 30oC K= 2.23×109 N/m3

Page 14: Water Hammer

เปิลั!$ย่น้ำ Frame of Reference

c

P+δP

ρ+δρ

Vo-c

P

ρ

เคลั.$อน้ำท!$ไปิก�บ wave ด�วย่คว�มเร/ว c

d mvF

dt

oP P A PA Q V c c

oPA QV

oP cV

Conservation of mometum

ocVhg

Page 15: Water Hammer

Wave speed cRigid pipe

oV c A cA

oV c c c

oV c

Kc

Conservation of mass ( แทน้ำ Continuity Equation เพร�ะ density เปิลั!$ย่น้ำ)

ρ = density @ 30oC = 995 Kg/m3 c = 1497 m/s say 1500 m/s

Page 16: Water Hammer

Elastic Pipe

0V 0V V

0 0

c

0

1

Kc

K DE t

E = Bulk Modulus of Elasticity of Pipe = 207 GPa

Page 17: Water Hammer

Exercise A steel pipe line 1000 mm diameter conveys 2 cumecs (m3/s) under a head of 430 m. What must be the thickness of the walls if the pipe is to withstand the pressure rise caused by sudden closure of a valve? Determine also the rise in pressure. The safe stress for the steel is 100 MPa, E = 207 GPa, K= 2.15 GPa.

Page 18: Water Hammer

Oscillating PressureFig 11-6 Roberson

T< L/c

V=0

Page 19: Water Hammer

At T= L/c

T= L/c

คลั.$น้ำเด�น้ำท�งกลั�บม�กระแทกน้ำ�ใน้ำอ��งเก/บน้ำ�

Page 20: Water Hammer

T<2 L/c

Page 21: Water Hammer

T =2L/C

T=2 L/c

คว�มด�น้ำท0กจ0ด = Static HeadV กลั�บขึ้��ง

Page 22: Water Hammer

T= 3 L/c

V=0

คว�มด�น้ำ ตู$�กว�� static head

Page 23: Water Hammer

T= 4 L/c

ครบ oscillating cycle

Page 24: Water Hammer

ก�รเปิลั!$ย่น้ำแปิลังคว�มด�น้ำ ท!$ปิระตู�น้ำ� Fig. 11-7 Roberson

Time

H

Static Line

4 L/c

Fig. 11-17 Roberson = Gradual Valve Closure