WCDMA and CDMA2000 Protocol - Here is winner's home.winner.ajou.ac.kr/data/pdf/3.pdf · · 2006-08-03WCDMA and CDMA2000 Protocol CDMA ... Common Channel power control information

WCDMA and CDMA2000 ProtocolWCDMA and CDMA2000 Protocol

CDMA CDMA 이동통신실무이동통신실무

2006, 08, 042006, 08, 04

JaeJae--Hyun KimHyun Kim

EE--mail: [email protected], mail: [email protected], Homepage: http://ajou.ac.kr/~jkimHomepage: http://ajou.ac.kr/~jkim

WWireless ireless IInformation anformation aNNd d NNetwork etwork EEngineering ngineering RResearch Lab. esearch Lab. School of Electrical and Computer Engineering School of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Ajou UniversityAjou University

2

목목 차차

3GPP/3GPP2 소개

3GPP W-CDMA 프로토콜

3GPP W-CDMA 프로토콜세부기능

3GPP W3GPP W--CDMA MACCDMA MAC

3GPP W3GPP W--CDMA RLCCDMA RLC

3GPP W3GPP W--CDMA RRCCDMA RRC

3GPP2 CDMA2000 프로토콜

3GPP2 CDMA2000 프로토콜세부기능

3GPP2 CDMA2000 MAC3GPP2 CDMA2000 MAC

3GPP2 CDMA2000 LAC3GPP2 CDMA2000 LAC

MAC 프로토콜연구이슈(QoS)

CDMA 시스템및네트워크구조

3GPP2 CDMA2000 3GPP2 CDMA2000 프로토콜프로토콜 구조구조

--. . 일반일반

--. . 서비스서비스엔티티엔티티및및인터페이스인터페이스구조구조

--. . 채널채널구조구조

4

일일 반반

동기식 IMT-2000 방식의표준화3GPP2(3rd Generation Partnership Project 2)3GPP2(3rd Generation Partnership Project 2)에서에서규격을규격을정의정의

미국의 TIA (Telecommunication Industry Association)한국의 TTA (Telecommunications Technology Association)일본의 ARIB (Association of Radio Industries and Business)중국의 CWTS (China Wireless Telecommunication Standard)CDMA2000을공동으로규격정의

동기식 CDMA2000 시스템의무선네트워크 IS-2000 표준프로토콜스택계층계층 1 1 -- PHY (Physical Layer)PHY (Physical Layer)

Air interface(변복조, 코딩등), 상위계층 PDU 처리계층계층 2 (Data Link Layer)2 (Data Link Layer)

MAC (Medium Access Control), LAC (Link Access Control) 멀티미디어지원, 높은효율성, 서비스품질관리

계층계층 3 (Application Layer)3 (Application Layer)단말기나기지국의동작에대한실제적인프로토콜을담당

메시지의처리, 통화절차나핸드오프과정등에대한행동을규정호처리, 데이터프로토콜의상위계층, 음성신호처리

5

일일 반반

계층 2MAC MAC 계층계층

Multiplexing, RLP(radio link protocol), QoS등의기능수행LAC LAC 계층계층재전송기능, 어드레싱, 인증, 메시지구분수행LAC 계층에서는시그널링에만적용되고일반트래픽에는적용되지않음

계층 3 시그널에서시그널에서오는오는신호들은신호들은공통채널공통채널(Common Channel)(Common Channel)로로매핑매핑계층 3 시그널링은 SRBP와 LAC을통과하여상위계층 3 시그널링엔티티로이동

LAC 기능은데이터의정확한전달을위한오류제어음성이나음성이나데이터들은데이터들은트래픽트래픽채널채널(Traffic Channel)(Traffic Channel)로로매핑매핑음성서비스는Multiplexing과 QoS Delivery를통과, 물리계층에서 FCH로전달

데이터데이터서비스서비스

오류제어를위한 RLP (Radio Link Protocol)과 QoS Delivery를통해전달

6

일일 반반

그림 5-1. CDMA2000에정의된 protocol stack

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서비스서비스 엔티티엔티티 및및 인터페이스인터페이스 구조구조

CDMA2000 무선구간프로토콜스택사용자사용자평면평면 (User Plane)(User Plane)과과제어제어평면평면 (Control Plane) (Control Plane) 구분구분3 3 계층계층 22계층계층ISIS--9595의의계층계층 22는는단순히단순히 acknowledgmentacknowledgment처리처리CDMA2000CDMA2000에서는에서는계층계층 22가가MACMAC과과 LACLAC으로으로구분구분MACMAC과과 LACLAC의의기능이기능이강화된강화된이유이유

처리하는서비스의다양한종류

QoS 관리가다름CDMA2000CDMA2000에서는에서는계층계층관리관리평면평면(layer management plane)(layer management plane)을을따로따로정의정의일종의자원관리관점에서처리하기위한평면

계층간통신의의미를명확히하기위하여프리미티브를정의

상위상위계층에서계층에서하위하위계층으로계층으로전송하는전송하는경우경우

하위하위계층에서계층에서상위상위계층으로계층으로전송하는전송하는경우경우

하위하위계층에서계층에서특정상태를특정상태를보고하는보고하는경우경우

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서비스서비스 엔티티엔티티 및및 인터페이스인터페이스 구조구조

그림 5-2. 단말기의 service entity 및 service interface 구조

대문자는물리채널의미

소문자는논리채널의미

트래픽은 dedicated channel로전송시그널링은 dedicated channel 또는 common channel로처리데이터들은어떤경우에상위계층시그널링을거쳐서전송되는경우가있는데이것은 Data Burst Message라는특별한메시지를통해서전송되는경우 (SMS 메시지서비스)

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채널채널 구조구조

그림 5-3. CDMA 2000에서지원하는순방향채널종류

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CDMA2000에서지원하는순방향채널종류파일럿신호파일럿신호(PICH: Pilot Channel)(PICH: Pilot Channel)

송신다이버시티 (Diversity)를위한 OTD (Orthogonal Transmit Diversity)

STD (Space Time Diversity) 방식제공

동기채널동기채널(SYNCH: SYNC Channel)(SYNCH: SYNC Channel)

방송채널방송채널(BCCH: Broadcast Control Channel)(BCCH: Broadcast Control Channel)

호출채널호출채널(PCH: Paging Channel)(PCH: Paging Channel)

긴급호출채널긴급호출채널(QPCH: Quick Paging Channel)(QPCH: Quick Paging Channel)

통화채널통화채널

FCH (Fundamental Channel)패킷멀티미디어통신

SCH (Supplemental channel)통신도중에전송할데이터트래픽이증가하는경우에추가적인 SCH할당사용

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그림 5-4. CDMA 2000에서지원하는역방향채널종류

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CDMA2000에서지원하는역방향채널종류

액세스액세스채널채널 (ACH: Access Channel)(ACH: Access Channel)

엑세스요구

개선된개선된형태의형태의액세스액세스채널채널 REACH (Reverse Enhanced Access REACH (Reverse Enhanced Access

Channel)Channel)

기지국에서통화요구

FCH (Fundamental Channel), SCH (Supplement Channel) 형태의

통화제공

3GPP2 CDMA2000 MAC3GPP2 CDMA2000 MAC

--. . 일반일반

--. Multiplex . Multiplex 부계층부계층

--. . 접속접속채널채널절차절차

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일일 반반

3GPP2 C.S0003-A-2 규칙따름MAC MAC 계층내부의계층내부의엔티티들과엔티티들과MAC MAC 계층과계층과다른다른계층내의계층내의서비스서비스인터페이스인터페이스, , 프리미티브들의프리미티브들의교환교환포함포함

MAC MAC 계층계층엔티티들의엔티티들의동작에동작에대한대한표준표준절차절차설명설명

MAC MAC 계층은계층은 ISIS--9595에는에는정의되지정의되지않았으나않았으나 CDMA2000CDMA2000에서에서정의된정의된계층계층

CDMA2000CDMA2000은은고속데이터를고속데이터를근간으로근간으로한한멀티미디어멀티미디어서비스에서비스에중점중점

CDMA2000에서정의하는MAC무선데이터를무선데이터를위한위한 RLPRLP패킷패킷데이터데이터또는또는음성서비스를음성서비스를위한위한시그널링을시그널링을처리하는처리하는 SRBPSRBPQoS, multiplexing QoS, multiplexing 기능기능수행수행상위상위계층계층 MAC MAC 계층의계층의 RLP RLP 엔티티엔티티 MMultiplex ultiplex 부계층부계층 물리물리계층으로계층으로전송전송

RLPRLP는는새로운새로운데이터데이터또는또는재전송재전송데이터를데이터를처리하는처리하는엔티티간엔티티간 peer peer to peerto peer로로이루어이루어짐짐

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Multiplex Multiplex 부계층부계층

Multiplex

무선구간으로무선구간으로전송을전송을돕기돕기위하여위하여상위상위계층에서계층에서생성된생성된트래픽트래픽

((음성신호음성신호및및데이터데이터) ) 및및제어신호를제어신호를하나의하나의프레임으로프레임으로만드는만드는역할역할

송신Multiplex 부계층

다양한소스들(상위계층시그널링, 데이터서비스및음성

서비스)로부터정보결합

전송하기위하여물리계층 SDU(Service Data Unit)들을생성

수신Multiplex 부계층

물리계층에포함된정보들을분리

해당엔티티 (상위계층시그널링, 데이터서비스및음성

서비스)에정보전달

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QoS delivery

MultiplexingMultiplexing과과동일한동일한계층에계층에위치함위치함

동일한동일한 QoSQoS끼리끼리모아서모아서처리하는처리하는역할역할

멀티미디어멀티미디어서비스를서비스를제공할제공할경우에경우에필수적인필수적인 서비스별서비스별 QoS QoS 관리관리

화상전화에서음성및영상신호는실시간처리는보장되어야

하지만어느정도오류는발생해도무방함

파일전송일경우실시간처리는보장되지않아도되지만오류가

발생하면안됨

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RLP (Radio Link Protocol)다양한다양한종류의종류의서비스를서비스를처리하기처리하기위해서는위해서는반드시반드시 RLPRLP를를사용사용

오류가오류가발생한발생한 RLP RLP 프레임에프레임에대하여대하여재전송하는재전송하는방안방안정의정의

제어신호는제어신호는반드시반드시 SRLP (Signaling Radio Burst Protocol)SRLP (Signaling Radio Burst Protocol)와와 LAC LAC 계층을계층을사용사용

Multiplex 부계층의동작상위상위계층에서계층에서발생한발생한데이터를데이터를Multiplex Multiplex 부계층에서는부계층에서는별도의별도의

LPM (Logical to Physical Mapping) tableLPM (Logical to Physical Mapping) table을을가지고가지고무선구간으로무선구간으로

전송전송

고속데이터고속데이터전송전송전용채널전용채널(SCH: Supplemental Channel)(SCH: Supplemental Channel)과과시그널링시그널링전송이전송이가능한가능한 FCH(Fundamental Channel)FCH(Fundamental Channel)를를구분구분처리처리

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그림 6-1. Multiplex 부계층의동작

19


MuxPDU (Multiplex sublayer Protocol Data Unit)상위상위계층에서계층에서수신한수신한 SDUSDU와와Multiplex Multiplex 부계층에부계층에부가한부가한헤더헤더정보정보

((포맷포맷비트들비트들))로로구성구성

프로토콜프로토콜동작에서동작에서MuxPDUMuxPDU가가다시다시하위하위계층에서는계층에서는 SDUSDU가가됨됨

고속데이터고속데이터전송전송채널인채널인 SCHSCH에에대해서는대해서는별도로별도로 LTU (Logical LTU (Logical Transmission Unit)Transmission Unit)단위로단위로처리처리

FCH (Fundamental Channel)MuxPDU type 1 MuxPDU type 1 또는또는MuxPDU type 2MuxPDU type 2를를처리처리, , 시그널링이시그널링이전송전송

SCH (Supplemental Channel)MuxPDU type 3MuxPDU type 3이상이이상이처리처리

Multiplex Multiplex 부계층에서부계층에서필요한필요한정보를정보를부가하여부가하여형성된형성된 PDUPDU가가MuxPDUMuxPDU가가되며되며이이MuxPDUMuxPDU가가물리물리계층에서의계층에서의 SDUSDU가가됨됨

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CDMA2000의Multiplex 부계층의가장큰특징중의하나가패킷데이터처리에중점

데이터데이터전용채널인전용채널인 SCHSCH를를Multiplex Multiplex 부계층에서는부계층에서는 LTULTU단위로단위로

CRCCRC를를붙임붙임물리물리계층의계층의부담을부담을줄이기줄이기위한위한일종의일종의 Hybrid ARQ Hybrid ARQ 방식방식

MAC 계층에서물리계층으로전송시고속데이터채널인 SCH에대해서는전체적인재전송을줄이기위하여 LTU단위로재전송

Multiplex Option의표현방법

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Multiplex OptionRate set, Maximum date block, Date block size, MuxPDU type, FormRate set, Maximum date block, Date block size, MuxPDU type, Format at

Descriptor (16Descriptor (16비트비트))

Max_Data_Block - Multiplex 부계층에서적용되는실제데이터의크기를

비트단위로정의

Data_Block_Size - Rate set 1(또는 Rate set 2)을기본크기로하여 2배

크기를 “double size”라함

멀티미디어서비스의경우에는 variable Data_Block_Size형태가사용

MuxPDU type -물리계층에서어떻게데이터가섞여져있는지를정의

MuxPDU type 1 : IS-95의 rate set 1의형태로무선구간으로전송

MuxPDU type 2 : 14.4Kbps 계열의 rate set 2의형태로무선구간으로전송


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접속접속 채널채널 절차절차 (Access Channel Procedures)(Access Channel Procedures)

접속절차

단말기에서단말기에서기지국에기지국에접속하기접속하기위한위한것것

응답메시지를응답메시지를전송전송, , 시스템에시스템에등록등록수행수행, , 시스템에시스템에등록등록수행수행, , 전화를전화를

걸기걸기위한위한발신발신, , 데이터데이터호호접속접속등에등에적용적용

랜덤접속(Random Access)다른다른단말기와단말기와접속접속과정에서과정에서충돌이충돌이발생발생

충돌충돌발생발생시시단말기는단말기는임의의임의의시간시간뒤에뒤에재접속을재접속을시도하는시도하는방식방식

고정된고정된시간시간뒤보다는뒤보다는임의의임의의시간을시간을지연시키는지연시키는것이것이확률적으로확률적으로

충돌이충돌이적게적게발생발생

23

그림 6-2. 접속절차 -#1


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시스템접속을위한최소의단위는 Access Probe

프리앰블프리앰블(preamble)(preamble)

기지국에서다음정보인메시지를쉽게인지할수있도록안내역할

실제실제데이터데이터

Access Probe가모여서하나의 Access Sequence를이룸

Access Sequence Access Sequence 사이는사이는랜덤랜덤지연지연(random delay)(random delay)

랜덤지연은충돌발생고려

Access Sequence들이모여서 Access Sub-Attempt을이룸

Access Sub-Attempt들이모여서다시 Access Attempt가됨

모든모든절차는절차는 FF--PCHPCH또는또는 FF--BCCHBCCH로로전송되는전송되는 System Overhead System Overhead

InformationInformation인인 Access Parameter MessageAccess Parameter Message에에정의정의


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그림 6-3. 접속절차 -#2

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Access Probe 사이에도랜덤지연을사용다른다른단말기의단말기의접속접속시도와시도와충돌을충돌을방지하기방지하기위한위한것것

하나의 Access Probe를기지국에전송한후응답을받지못할경우다시송신전력을증가시켜재전송

이의이의최대최대송신전력송신전력역시역시 System Overhead InformationSystem Overhead Information에에정의정의

단말기에서단말기에서송신전력을송신전력을높임높임 높은높은에너지에너지잡음잡음(Interference) (Interference) 작용작용 제어제어

필요필요

CDMA2000에는대부분접속채널에 Reverse Pilot Channel이포함ISIS--9595보다보다시스템시스템접속률이접속률이훨씬훨씬높음높음

단말기가시스템에접속을시도하는순간부터전력제어(Power Control)이적용

기본적으로시스템의도움없이단말기가자체적으로수행하는 Open Loop Power Control이적용


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참고참고 문헌문헌

1 of Revision A of TIA/EIA/IS-2000.3.진한도서, IMT-2000 이동통신원리, 김현욱외 3인

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용어용어 정리정리

ACH Access Channel

Base station (BS)A fixed station used for communicating with mobile stations. Depending upon the context, the term basestation may refer to a cell, a sector within a cell, an MSC, or other part of the wireless system

Blank data block A data block that contains no service information bitsCCCH

Common Control Channel

DedicatedAn attribute of the forward or reverse physical or logical channel, implying that the channel can only be used by a single user

Dsch Dedicated Signalling Channel. A point-to-point logical channel that carries Upper Layer Signalling traffic over a dedicated physical channel

DtchDedicated Traffic Channel. A point-to-point logical channel that carries data or voice traffic over a dedicated physical channel

DTX Discontinuous Transmission

EACAM Early Acknowledgement Channel Assignment Message.

Configured Multiplex OptionThe multiplex option number stored in the Service Configuration Record for a physical channel

CschCommon Signalling Channel. A point to multipoint logical channel that carries Upper Layer Signalling traffic over a common physical channel Upper Layer Signalling traffic over a common physical channel

Data BlockThe unit of information exchanged between the multiplex sublayer and a service or Upper Layer Signalling

DCCH Dedicated Control Channel

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EACH Enhanced Access Channel

EventA stimulus generated outside of an entity that triggers some procedure within the entity

F-BCCH Forward Broadcast Control Channel

F-CACH Forward Common Assignment Channel.

f-cschForward Common Signalling Channel. A csch that carries information from the base station to the mobile station

f-dschForward Dedicated Signalling Channel. A dsch that carries information from the base station to the mobile station

f-dtchForward Dedicated Traffic Channel. A dtch that carries information from the base station to the mobile station

Fill MuxPDUA MuxPDU that is not associated with any service, used as filler when assembling a Physical Layer SCH SDU

F-CCCH Forward Common Control Channel

FCH Fundamental Channel

F-CPCCHForward Common Power Control Channel. The physical channel that carries Common Channel power control information on the forward link.

F-CPCSCH Forward Common Power Control Sub-channel. The physical sub-channel that carries Common Channel power control information on the forward link

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F-PCH Forward Paging Channel. The physical channel that carries Common Channel information on the forward link and that is backward compatible with the TIA/EIA-95-B Paging Channel

Frame duration The duration of a physical channel transmission interval; may be 5, 10, or 20 ms

IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity

LACLink Access Control. Entity that provides assured mode or unassured mode delivery of information across the air interface between the mobile station and the base station

Mobile station A station that communicates with the base station

Mode A Multiplex sublayer operational mode in which the Radio Configuration is less than or equal to

Mode B Multiplex sublayer operational mode in which the Radio Configuration is greater than 2

MS Mobile station.Multiplex Format Indicator A number that specifies the format of a MuxPDU.

Logical Channel Logical connection between peer entities

LPM Logical-to-Physical Mapping. Information that is used by the multiplex sublayer for performing the logical-to-physical channel mapping

LTU Logical Transmission Unit. One or more Type 3 or Type 5 MuxPDUs with a 16-bit CRC

MACMedium Access Control. Entity that controls the access to and from Upper Layer Signalling, Data Services, and Voice Services to Physical Layer resources

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Multiplex OptionUsed to specify the multiplex sublayer operation for a physical channel. Each Multiplex Option specifies the available data rates for the physical channel (FCH, DCCH or max SCH rate)

MuxPDUMultiplex sublayer Protocol Data Unit. One or more data blocks combined according to multiplex option rules

Null MuxPDU A MuxPDU that contains no bits

Null Traffic MuxPDUA MuxPDU containing only the lowest negotiated transmit rate primary traffic data block with all bits set to ‘1’

Primary Traffic Data bits from a service that has the traffic type in the Service Configuration Record set to Primary

Primitive An abstract, atomic, implementation-independent representation of an interaction between a service user and its service provider

QOFQuasi-Orthogonal Function. Set of numerical sequences that are used in place of Walsh codes, and which have pair-wise low cross correlations, but which are less than perfectly orthogonal.

PCCAM Power Control Channel Assignment Message

PDU Protocol Data Unit. An atomic set of data, header information, and control information that is provided by a service user to a service provider

Physical Channel Radio transmission link

Physical Layer SDU An SDU that is generated by the Mux and QoS Entity that is accepted by the Physical Layer for transmission.

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QoS Quality of Service. Metrics that affect the quality of a data service that is delivered to an end user (e.g., throughput, guaranteed bit rate, delay, etc.)

Rate Set 1The set of data rates 9.6, 4.8, 2.7/2.4, 1.5/1.2 kbps, and all integral multiples of 9.6 kbps. Data rates of 2.7 and 1.5kbps are only applicable to reverse Radio Configurations 3 and 5 and forward Radio Configurations 3, 4, 6, and 7

Rate Set 2 The set of data rates 14.4, 7.2, 3.6, 1.8 kbps, and all integral multiples of 14.4 kbps.

R-CCCH Reverse Common Control Channel

RLPRadio Link Protocol. Connection-oriented, negative-acknowledgment-based data delivery protocol

R-CCCH slotReverse Common Control Channel Slot The reverse Common Control Channel Slot with length RCCCH_SLOTs

r-cschReverse Common Signalling Channel. A csch that carries information from the mobile station to the base station

r-dschReverse Dedicated Signalling Channel. A dsch that carries information from the mobile station to the base station

r-dtc Reverse Dedicated Traffic Channel. A dtch that carries information from the mobile station to the base station.

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SCCH Supplemental Code ChannelThe Physical Layer Supplemental Code Channel

SCHSupplemental Channel.The Physical Layer Supplemental Channel

SDU Service Data Unit. A set of data, header information, and control information that is accepted by a service provider from a service user

Secondary TrafficData bits from a service that has the traffic type in the Service Configuration Record set to Secondary.

Signalling data block The unit of data exchanged between the multiplex sublayer and signalling

Signalling Traffic Another name for the signalling information bits

sr_idService Reference identifier. A unique number assigned to each connected service option instance

SRBPSignalling Radio Burst Protocol. An entity that provides connectionless protocol for Signalling messages

3GPP2 CDMA2000 LAC3GPP2 CDMA2000 LAC

--. . 일반일반

--. Message Control. Message Control과과 Status BlockStatus Block

--. LAC . LAC 계층내의계층내의세부세부부계층부계층기능기능

--. LAC . LAC 계층의계층의처리처리절차절차예예

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일일 반반

LAC (Link Access Control) 계층3GPP2 C.S00043GPP2 C.S0004--A A 규칙을규칙을따름따름

CDMA2000CDMA2000의의시그널링은시그널링은기본적으로기본적으로제어제어시그널링과시그널링과실제실제

데이터가데이터가별도로별도로처리되는처리되는방법을방법을사용사용

제어제어평면평면

전체자원을관리

다양한서비스를처리하기위해제어, 감시, 결정

데이터데이터평면평면

실제데이터가전송

실제동작을수행하기위해 PDU를생성

상위또는하위계층으로전송

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일일 반반

LAC (Link Access Control) 계층계층계층 33의의 SDU (Service Data Unit)SDU (Service Data Unit)을을수신하여수신하여처리처리

MAC MAC 계층에서계층에서들어온들어온데이터를데이터를가공하여가공하여계층계층 33로로전송전송상위상위계층계층 3 PDU3 PDU를를 LAC LAC 계층에계층에필요한필요한기능을기능을추가추가

하위하위계층으로계층으로전송될수록전송될수록처음의처음의데이터에데이터에많은많은기능을기능을추가되어추가되어

데이터데이터크기가크기가늘어남늘어남

하위하위계층인계층인MAC MAC 계층에서계층에서처리하기처리하기쉽게쉽게해줌해줌

몇몇개의개의부계층을부계층을정의하여정의하여이들을이들을모두모두합하여합하여 LAC LAC 계층이라계층이라함함

LAC LAC 계층의계층의기능기능

인증 (Authentication) 처리재전송 (ARQ ; Automatic Repeat Request)어드레싱기능

Utility (Protocol Discriminator, Pilot Strength Report)SAR (Segmentation and Reassembling)

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일일 반반

그림 7-1. LAC Data Unit 처리절차

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일일 반반

그림 7-2. CDMA2000 시스널링일반구조

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Message ControlMessage Control과과 Status BlockStatus Block

MCSB (Message control and Status Block)각각계층계층3 3 메시지에메시지에대한대한다음과다음과같은같은정보정보포함포함

MSG_TAGPDU의 length 메시지와관련되는 Unique instance identifierAssured mode 또는 unassured mode전송의확인이필요한지여부

메시지의주소에대한 identity계층 3로전달되는메시지가중복인지아닌지를알려줌인증과정이필요한지의여부

적절한 SDU의구분(예; 등록, 발신등)Logical 채널이 Encryption상태Message의처음또는마지막비트를받았을때의 CDMA system time우선순위와같은전송과정에서의지시사항

LAC계층으로부터비정상조건을알림

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Message ControlMessage Control과과 Status BlockStatus Block

계층 3와 LAC 계층간의정의된프리미티브L2L2--Data.RequestData.Request계층 3에서계층 2로전달되는 Request로 PDU와MCSB(Message Control Status Block)를포함

L2L2--Data.ConfirmData.Confirm전송한 PDU를수신쪽에서제대로수신했음에대한Acknowledgement를받았음을알려주는계층 2에서계층 3로전달되는 confirm 프리미티브로MCSB가파라미터로포함

L2L2--Data.IndicationData.Indication계층 2에서받은 PDU를MCSB와함께계층 3로전달하는Indication 프리미티브

L2L2--Condition.NotificationCondition.Notification계층 2에서확인한비정상이벤트등을계층 3으로보고하는Indication 프리미티브

L2L2--Supervision.RequestSupervision.Request계층 3서계층 2로전달되는 Request로제어명령을포함하는프리미티브

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LAC LAC 계층내의계층내의 세부세부 부계층부계층 기능기능

LAC 계층인증인증부계층부계층, ARQ , ARQ 부계층부계층, , 어드레싱어드레싱부계층부계층, utility , utility 부계층부계층, SAR , SAR 부계층으로부계층으로구성구성

각부계층은단말기가 idle state와 traffic state에따라다르게적용

그림 7-3. LAC 계층내의세부부계층의종류

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ARQ 부계층

계층계층 33의의 PDUPDU를를 LACLAC부계층으로부계층으로보낼보낼때때 mode mode 결정결정

assured mode : 수신단으로부터 acknowledgement 필요

unassured mode : 수신단으로부터 acknowledgement 필요하지않음

Authentication 부계층

rr--cschcsch에서만에서만사용사용

단말기가단말기가 PDUPDU를를보낼보낼때때망에서망에서보낸보낸 RANDRAND값을값을이용한이용한인증결과인인증결과인 AUTHRAUTHR과과 RANDCRANDC

(Random Challenge value) (Random Challenge value) 및및통화통화횟수를횟수를나타내는나타내는 call history call history 파라미터를파라미터를포함포함

만일만일인증을인증을요구하지요구하지않을않을경우에는경우에는인증인증파라미터를파라미터를포함하지포함하지않음않음

기지국에서는기지국에서는 rr--cschcsch로로수신된수신된메시지에서메시지에서인증인증파라미터를파라미터를뽑아내고뽑아내고기지국에서기지국에서인증인증

절차를절차를수행할수행할수수있을있을경우에는경우에는인증인증절차를절차를거쳐거쳐해당해당 PDUPDU의의상위상위계층으로계층으로전달전달

기지국에서기지국에서인증절차를인증절차를수행할수행할수수없는없는경우에는경우에는인증인증파라미터를파라미터를망망구성요소로구성요소로전달전달


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어드레싱부계층

Common logical Common logical 채널에서만채널에서만사용사용

메시지의메시지의수신수신또는또는송신송신단말기의단말기의 addressaddress를를포함포함

단말기가단말기가 addressaddress형식으로는형식으로는 IMSI, ESN IMSI, ESN 또는또는 TMSITMSI등이등이사용사용

Utility 부계층

모든모든 logical logical 채널에서채널에서포함포함

Logical Logical 채널의채널의종류에종류에따라서따라서추가하는추가하는필드의필드의내용이내용이다름다름

FF--CSCHCSCH와와 RR--CSCHCSCH의의 dedicated logical channeldedicated logical channel로로 PDUPDU를를전송할전송할

때때 Utility Utility 부계층은부계층은 message type fieldmessage type field만을만을포함포함


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Utility 부계층

FF--CSCHCSCH로로기지국이기지국이단말로단말로 PDUPDU를를전송할전송할때때 Utility Utility 부계층은부계층은다음다음

필드를필드를포함포함

Message type Field

LAC Protocol ID Field

Include mask field

General page message common fieldExtended-encryption field

PDU padding field


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Utility 부계층RR--CSCHCSCH로로단말이단말이 PDUPDU를를전송할전송할경우에경우에 Utility Utility 부계층은부계층은다음다음

필드필드추가추가

Message type Field

LAC Length Field

LAC Protocol Field

Include Mask Field

Extended-Encryption Field

LAC Padding Field

Radio Environment Report Field

PDU Padding Field


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그림 7-4. 순방향채널에서 LAC 계층의동작

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순방향채널

User traffic logical channelUser traffic logical channel과과 Signaling logical channelSignaling logical channel로로구분구분User traffic logical channel은 CDMA2000에정의된트래픽으로음성신호가대표적인예

Signaling logical channel은 LAC 계층을관할하는제어블록에의하여제어Sync channel(물리계층에존재)은모든단말기에방송되는정보이므로별도의어드레싱처리를하지않으며 ARQ도필요없음단방향채널인 BCCH(Broadcast Control Channel) LAC 계층에서처리반면 Common control channel, Paging channel 등은 common logical channel로전송, 별도의어드레싱과 ARQ를사용

대부분의제어신호는이경우에해당됨

LAC LAC 계층에서계층에서처리되는처리되는채널은채널은모두모두 logical channellogical channel로서로서물리물리계층으로의계층으로의

매핑은매핑은MAC MAC 계층에서계층에서이루어짐이루어짐

순방향순방향채널에서채널에서LAC LAC 계층의계층의한한예로예로그림그림 77--4 4 같이같이순방향순방향트래픽트래픽채널을채널을

보면보면, , 트래픽트래픽상태에서는상태에서는 ARQ, Utility ARQ, Utility 부계층만부계층만존재존재


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그림 7-5. 역방향채널에서 LAC 계층의동작

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역방향채널

User traffic logical channelUser traffic logical channel과과 Signaling logical channelSignaling logical channel로로구분구분

역방향에서역방향에서 Common logical channelCommon logical channel은은 Access channelAccess channel이나이나

Enhanced access channelEnhanced access channel을을사용하는사용하는채널을채널을말함말함

대부분의대부분의경우경우시스템시스템등록등록, , 음성호음성호발신발신등과등과같은같은시스템시스템

접속단계에서는접속단계에서는어드레싱이어드레싱이필요필요


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LAC LAC 계층의계층의 처리처리 절차절차 예예

그림 7-6. 트래픽상태에서순방향채널의처리과정

먼저기지국측면에서트래픽데이터를계층 3 SDU라고하고 ARQ 부계층에서 overhead가붙고하위계층으로내려오면서계속해서 utility 부계층에서각각 LAC 계층의 overhead가붙으면서 f-dsch를통하여MAC계층으로전송된다.

기지국측면에서는각각반대의기능을수행하면서원래의트래픽데이터를단말로전송하게된다.

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LAC LAC 계층의계층의 처리처리 절차절차 예예

그림 7-7. 발신메시지처리절차

단말기에서상대방에게전화를걸거나무선데이터발신을위하여사용되는발신메시지(origination message)의처리과정

먼저단말측면에서기본적으로발신메시지자체를계층 3 SDU라고하고인증부계층에서overhead가붙어서계층 3 SDU가 capsule화됨하위계층으로내려오면서계속해서ARQ 부계층, address 부계층, utility 부계층에서각각LAC 계층의 overhead가붙으면서마지막단계에서CRC가추가되어 r-csch를통하여MAC계층으로전송기지국측면에서는각각반대의기능을수행하면서원래의메시지인발신메시지를 Base Station로전송하게됨

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참고참고 문헌문헌

3GPP2 C.s0002-A, physical Layer Standard for CDMA2000 Spread Spectrum Systems, June, 20003GPP2 C.S0003-A, Medium Access Control(MAC) Standard for CDMA2000 Spread Spectrum System, June 20003GPP2 C.S0005-A Upper Layer (Layer 3) Signaling Standard for CDMA2000 Spread Spectrum System, June 2000TIA/EIA.IS-735, Enhancements to TIA/EIA-41-D & TIA /EIA-664 for Advances Features in Wideband Spread Spectrum Systems, January 1998.Common Cryptographic Algorithms, Revision C, 1997. An EAR-controlled document subject to restricted distribution. Contract the Telecommunications Industry Association, Arlington, VA, USA.Interface Specification for Common Cryptographic Algorithms, Revision C, 1997. Contact the Telecommunications Industry Association, Arlington, VA, USA.ITU-T Recommendation E.212, Identification Plan For Land Mobile Stations, 1998.TIA/EIA-95-B, Mobile Station-Base Station Compatibility Standard for Dual-Mode spread Spectrum Systems, February 1999.TIA/EIA/TSB58-B, Parameter Value Assignments for CDMA2000 Spread Spectrum System, November, 1999

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Access Attempt

The entire process of sending one message and receiving (or failing to receive) an acknowledgment for that message, consisting of one or more access sub-attempts. See also Access Probe, Access Probe Sequence, and Access Sub-attempt

Access Probe

One Access Channel transmission consisting of a preamble and a message. The transmission is an integer number of frames in length and transmits one Access Channel message. See also Access Probe Sequence, Access Sub-attempt, and Access Attempt

Access Probe Sequence

A sequence of one or more access probes on the Access Channel. Other than the reported pilot information, the same Access Channel message content is transmitted in every access probe of an access sub-attempt. See also Access Probe, Access Sub-attempt, and Access Attempt

Access Sub-attempt

A sequence of one or more access probe sequences on the Access Channel transmitted to one pilot, containing the same message content other than the reported pilot information. See also Access Probe, Access Probe Sequence, and Access Attempt

Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)

Technique for providing reliable delivery of signals between communicating stations which involves autonomous retransmission of the signals and transmission of acknowledgments until implicit or explicit confirmation of delivery is received

Assured Mode

Mode of delivery that guarantees that a PDU will be delivered to the peer. A PDU sent in assured mode is retransmitted by the LAC Sublayer, up to a maximum number of retransmissions, until the LAC entity at the sender receives an acknowledgement for the PDU. See also Confirmation of Delivery

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AuthenticationA procedure used by a base station to validate a mobile station’s identity

Authentication Response (AUTHR) An 18-bit output of the authentication algorithm. It is used, for example, to validate mobile station registrations, originations and terminations

Base Station

A fixed station used for communicating with mobile stations. Depending upon the context, the term base station may refer to acell, a sector within a cell, an MSC, or other part of the cellular system. See also MSC

Broadcast channel

When the channel name is written with lower case letters, it refers to the logical channel on which system overhead information is transmitted by the base station. The logical “broadcast channel” can be mapped to the physical Paging Channel or to the physical Broadcast Channel

Call History Parameter (COUNT)A modulo-1 64 event counter maintained by the mobile station and Authentication Center that is used for clone detection

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)A technique for spread-spectrum multiple-access digital communications that creates channels through the use of unique code sequences

Confirmation of DeliveryA notification sent by the LAC Sublayer to Layer 3 at the sender, when the LAC entity at the sender receives the acknowledgment for a specific PDU sent in assured mode

Electronic Serial Number (ESN)A 32-bit number assigned by the mobile station manufacturer, uniquely identifying the mobile station equipment

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Emergency Call

A call placed by a mobile station user to request emergency assistance, typically to an emergency services or public safety provider. The method used by a mobile station to identify a call as an emergency call is outside the scope of this document

F-dsch Forward dedicated signalling logical channel

Full TMSI The combination of TMSI_ZONE and TMSI_CODE. The full TMSI is a globally unique address for the mobile station

International Mobile Station Identity (IMSI)

A method of identifying stations in the land mobile service as specified in [10].

IMSI_M MIN-based IMSI using the lower 10 digits to store the MIN

IMSI_O Operational value of IMSI (either IMSI_M or IMSI_T) used by the mobile station for operation with the base station

IMSI_SA 10-digit number derived from the IMSI that is encoded as a 34-bit value. IMSI_S generally corresponds to the last 10 digits of the IMSI

Encapsulated PDU A LAC PDU together with the associated length and CRC SAR parameters

Encapsulated PDU FragmentA portion of the encapsulated PDU which is limited in size to the available capacity of Lower Layer frames, and is transferred at the interface between the LAC SAR Sublayer and the MAC Sublayer

ESN See Electronic Serial Number

F-csch Forward common signalling logical channel

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IMSI_S1 A 24-bit value that corresponds to the last 7 digits of IMSI_S

Layering

A method of organization for communication protocols in which the transmitted or received information is transferred conceptually in pipeline fashion within each station, in well-defined encapsulated data units between coordinated processing entities (“layers”). A layer is defined in terms of its communication protocol to the peer layer in the other station and the services it offers to the next higher layer in its own station

IMSI_T True IMSI not associated with MIN. Could be 15 digits or fewer

Interface Control Information

Data passed between adjacent layers in the protocol stack, together with the SDU, to assist a layer to properly encapsulate/decapsulate the SDU. An example of interface control information in this document is the MCSB

LAC PDULAC protocol data unit transferred between peer Utility Sublayers on the mobile station and the base station

LAC Sublayer See Link Access Control Sublayer

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Layer 1 (L1) Layer 1 (Physical Layer) provides for the transmission and reception of radio signals between the base station and the mobile station

Lower LayersIn this document, layers below the LAC Sublayer (e.g., Layer 1 and the MAC Sublayer)

Layer 2 (L2)

Layer 2 provides for delivery of signalling messages generated by Layer 3 (see below). Layer 2 consists of two sublayers: the LAC Sublayer and the MAC Sublayer (see below). Layer 2 makes use of the services provided by Layer 1.

Layer 3 (L3

Layer 3 originates and terminates signalling messages according to the semantics and timing of the communication protocol between the base station and the mobile station. Layer 3 makes use of the services provided by Layer 2

Link Access Control (LAC) Sublayer

The LAC Sublayer is the upper sublayer of Layer 2. It implements a data link protocol that provides for the correct transport and delivery of signalling messages generated by Layer 3. The LAC Sublayer makes use of the services provided by the Lower Layers (Layer 1 and the MAC Sublayer)

Logical Channel

A communication path between stations, described in terms of theintended use of, and access to, the transferred data, and direction of transfer. A logical channel can be “mapped” to and from one or more physical channels. In this document, channel names beginning with lowercase letters specify logical channels

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Mapping In this context, the technique for forming associations between logical and physical channels

Mobile Country Code (MCC) A part of the E.212 IMSI identifying the home country.

Mobile Network Code (MNC) A part of the E.212 IMSI identifying the home network within the home country

Mobile Identification Number (MIN) The 34-bit number that is a digital representation of the 10-digit number assigned to a mobile station

Mobile Station

A station in the Public Cellular Radio Telecommunications Service intended to be used while in motion or during halts at unspecified points. Mobile stations include portable units (e.g., hand-held personal units) and units installed in vehicles

Medium Access Control (MAC) Sublayer

The MAC Sublayer is the lower sublayer of Layer 2. It implements the medium access protocol and is responsible for transport of LAC protocol data units using the services providedby Layer 1.

MessageSignalling data unit transferred between the base station and the mobile station. In this document, it should be interpreted as the Layer 3 PDU or the LAC SDU

Message Control and Status Block (MCSB)

In this 1 document, a parameter block representing the interfacecontrol information transferred between Layer 3 and the LAC Sublayer. The MCSB is also used to carry relevant information within the LAC Sublayer

Mini PDUA PDU that carries a Layer 3 mini message. The total length of amini PDU is 48 bits. A mini PDU may not be fragmented, and is carried in a 5 ms physical frame. See also Regular PDU

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Mobile Station Identification Number (MSIN)A part of the E.212 IMSI identifying the mobile station within its home network

Number Assignment Module (NAM)A set of MIN/IMSI-related parameters stored in the mobile station

PACA Priority Access and Channel Assignment

PACA CallA priority mobile station originated call for which no traffic channel or voice channel was immediately available, and which has been queued for a priority r-csch assignment

Physical Channel

A communication path between stations, described in terms of the radio characteristics such as coding, power control policies, etc. In this document, channel names beginning with uppercase letters specify physical channels

MSC Mobile Switching Center

Multiplex Layer

Protocol Layer situated between Layer 2 and Layer 1 on dedicated channels that is responsible for multiplexing Layer 2 SDUs from multiple sources (user traffic, such as voice or data packets, and signalling traffic) onto the same physical channel,according to priority and QoS criteria

National Mobile Station Identity (NMSI)A part of the E.212 IMSI identifying the mobile station within its home country. The NMSI consists of the MNC and the MSIN

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Primitive

An atomic, well-defined conceptual method of transferring data and control information between two adjacent layers and sublayers. It is conventionally represented as a function invocation, with the data and control information passed as parameters

Random Challenge (RANDC)A 32-bit value held in the mobile station. It is used, in conjunction with SSD_A and other parameters, to validate mobile station originations, terminations and registrations

r-cschReverse common signalling logical channel (analogous to Access Channel in [11])

r-dschReverse dedicated signalling logical channel (analogous to Reverse Traffic or Fundamental Channel in [11])

Regular PDU A PDU that carries a Layer 3 message other than a mini message. The length of a regular PDU is variable. A regular PDU may be fragmented, and fragments of a regular PDU are carried in 20 ms physical frames. See also Mini PDU

Protocol Data Unit (PDU)Encapsulated data communicated between peer layers on the mobilestation and the base station

Protocol Stack

Conceptual model of the layered architecture for communication protocols (see Layering) in which layers within a station are represented in the order of their numeric designation and requiring that transferred data be processed sequentially by each layer, in the order of their representation. Graphically, the “stack” is drawn vertically, with the layer having the lowest numeric designation at the base

QoS Quality of Service

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SAR Segmentation and Reassembly

Service Access Point (SAP)Conceptual point at the interface between two adjacent layers where services are provided to the upper layer and data and protocol information is exchanged between layers

Service Data Unit (SDU)

Data transferred between adjacent layers in the protocol stack. Unless specified otherwise, in this document SDU refers to the Layer 3 service data unit transferred to or from the LAC Sublayer

Sublayer A protocol layer of finer granularity within another protocol layer or sublayer. The LAC Sublayer itself may be seen as having several sublayers

System Identification (SID A number uniquely identifying a cellular or PCS system

Temporary Mobile Station Identity (TMSI)A temporary mobile station identification assigned by the base station

TMSI Zone

The administrative zone that allows the TMSI to be reused. The TMSI_CODE has to be unique within a TMSI zone but may be reused in a different TMSI zone. The TMSI zone is identified by the field TMSI_ZONE

Unassured ModeMode of delivery that does not guarantee that a PDU will be delivered to the peer. The LAC entity at the receiver does not acknowledge a PDU sent in unassured mode

Upper Layers General reference to Layer 3 and the layers above it

Documents

WCDMA and CDMA2000 Protocol - Here is winner's home.winner.ajou.ac.kr/data/pdf/3.pdf · · 2006-08-03WCDMA and CDMA2000 Protocol CDMA ... Common Channel power control information