Welcome to our class

Class 16,Grade 2

is a kind of _____________ . Epidemics

The Black Death

Definition:a large number of cases of a particular disease happening at the same time in a particular area

流行病

Lesson 3 Epidemics Explained

Unit 21 Human Biology

Look at the Key words.which of these diseases can be epidemics?

AIDS, cancer, flu, headache, heart disease, stomachache

Key Words

Answers: AIDS, flu

Part I Warm-up

Thinking:In the 21st century ,we have suffered from two large epidemics.Do you know what are they?

SARS,in 2003

H1N1,in 2009

Why are they wearing masks in warm May?

So what the other epidemics broke out in the history?

Please open your books and turn to page 39 Epidemics throughout history

Part II ReadingReading Strategies:

● Read the text with gaps to get the general idea and see how it develops.● Read the sentences before and after the gaps to give you an idea of what the beinning or end of the missing paragraph might refer to.● Read the missing paragraphs and look for these references.●If a paragraph doesn't seem to fit,you may have made a mistake,so carefully reread each paragraph.

1.Match the five paragraphs (A-E) with gaps 3, 5, 8, 10 and 12 in the text.

A

B

C

D

E

Paragraph 3

Paragraph 5

Paragraph 8

Paragraph10

Paragraph12

Fast-reading

2.How many parts can we devide our text into?

Part I Introduction Para. _____ to Para. ____

Part II Several epidemics from the past to the present Para.______to Para.______

Part III How to fight againt the epidemics? Para.______ to Para._____

1 2

3 11

12 13

Careful-reading

1.Work in pairs. Do you think these statements are true (T) or false (F)?

1) Flu kills millions of people every year.2) Epidemics have no effects on historical events.3) Most diseases are very new.4) Epidemics can wipe out up to half of the population in rural areas. 5) It takes years for a disease to spread worldwide6) More people died in World War I than died of a flu epidemic in 1918/1919.

Careful-reading

1).Flu kills millions of people every year. ( )

2) Epidemics have no effects on historical

events.( )

3).Most diseases are very new. ( )

T

F

T

__________________affected

4). Epidemics can wipe out up to half of the population in rural areas. ( )

5). It takes years for a disease to spread worldwide. ( )

6).More people died in World War I than died of a flu epidemic in 1918/1919. ( )

F

T

F

urban________

2. Choose the best answer to each question according to the text.

1) Which kind of epidemics were not mentioned in the text?

A. Bird flu B. the Great Flu Epidemic C. the Swine Flu D. SARS Answer: C

猪流感

2) Which of the following epidemics is the most acute in history?

A. SARS. B. The Black Death. C. Bird Flu. D. The Great Flu Epidemic.

Answer: D

serious————

3) The epidemic was called “The Black Death” because ________.

A. people who died from the disease were all black people B. people became black when they were

infected C. one symptom of the epidemic was black spots on the body D. it spread rapidly and killed many people Answer: C

————————

症状

4) SARS was also harmful to doctors and nurses who treated SARS patients because ______.

A. no one really knew much about the epidemic and they had no natural defences

like most people B. SARS spread quickly from the hospitals C. they had low immunity (免疫力 ) D. prescription drugs or tablets were given to patients first

Answer: A

————————————抗体

_________________ _________

5) What has been considered important when doctors deal with epidemics?

A. Thorough and systematic medical research. B. Teamwork among countries. C. Prescription drugs or tablets. D. Natural defenses against epidemics.

Answer: B

6).How does the passage develop?A.In order of time B.In order of spaceC.In order of logic D.In order of place

Answer:A

3. Complete the tables with the detailed information from the text.

Justinian’s PlagueTime Area The Death

500-550 AD

Description:•one of the _________ on record•one of the main causes of the ______ of the Roman Empire

North Africa,the Mid Eastand Europe

Up to 50 %of the area’s population

earliestfall

Para.3-4贾斯廷瘟疫

The Black DeathTime Area The Death

Description:•It spread _______ and became known as one symptom was ______spots on the body.•War, _______ cities provided the _______ conditions for it to spread___________.

In the1330’s

Europe, Asia, Africa and the Middle East

Up to one half of the population

rapidlyblack

crowed perfectworldwide

Para.5-6

The Great Flu Epidemic (the Spanish Flu)

Time Area The Death

Description:•the most _______ worldwide epidemic•It struck near __________ World War I.•More people died of the ______ than died in the ______.

1918 WorldwideUp to 50 million people

acutethe end of

fluwar

Para.7-8

SARSTime Area The Death

Description:•It began with a ______ disease and spread quickly•It was __________ new. •Most people had no _________ defenses against the disease.•It was still very _________.

2002-2003

From China to the globe

774

lung

completelynatural

alarming

Para 9-11

Part III SpeakingThere are two topics as follow,you can choose one of the them to talk .Make a dialogue with your partners or talk about your own opinion.1.How did you feel after reading the article?2.If a new epidemic broke out in our country now ,what should our government do? What about you?

Part IV Homework

1.Review our text after class.

2.Finish Exercise 6 and 7 on page 39.

Part III Paraphrase1. Scientists now guess that up to 50% of the area’s population died from the epidemic making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire.译文：科学家现在猜测，这个地区超过50% 的人口死于这场瘟疫，使得它成为了罗马帝国衰亡的主要原因之一。结构分析：主语 scientists ，谓语是 guess, that引导一个宾语从句，在从句中，主语是 population, 谓语是 died, 宾语是 the epidemic ，making... 是现在分词短语作状语。

2. Many people fear it could be the next global epidemic, especially as scientists who studied tissue from the bodies of people who died of the 1918 Spanish Flu proved that Bird Flu is a modern adaptation of the same virus.译文：许多人担心禽流感可能是下一次的全球性的大瘟疫，特别是因为科学家们研究了人体身上的组织，而这些人都是死于 1918年西班牙流感的，并最后证明禽流感是和它有着同样病毒的一种现代变体。

此句为复合句。主句的主语是 many people ，谓语是 fear ，后面带了一个宾语从句： it could be the next global epidemic 。后面 as 引导的是一个原因状语从句，从句的主干为： as scientists proved that ... ；其中scientists 后有一个由 who 引导的定语从句，而这个定语从句中又含有一个定语从句用来修饰先行词 people 。

结构分析：

3. Meanwhile, governments worldwide have also underlined the fact that thorough and systematic medical research on Bird Flu needs to lead to a cure as soon as possible.译文：与此同时，各国政府指出了这样一个事实，就是对禽流感彻底地系统化地医疗研究必须尽快找到治愈的措施。结构分析：主语是 governments ，谓语have underlined ，宾语是 the fact ，后面that 引导的是一个同位语从句。

Part IV Language Notes1. Since the SARS epidemic ended, scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prohibit any future outbreaks.[用法点拨 ]prohibit vt. “ 禁止；阻止（ = to forbid sth or sb from doing sth esp by laws, rules or regulations ）”，其用法有：1) 后接名词或代词作宾语。2) 后接动名词作宾语，动名词形式也可用其复合结构，即 sb / sb’s doing 。

3) 构成搭配： prohibit sb from sth /doing sth 禁止（阻碍）某人做某事。The police prohibit parking in the center of the city. 警方禁止在市中心停车。The law prohibits tobacconists from selling cigarettes to children. 法律禁止烟贩向儿童出售香烟。Smoking is strictly prohibited in the process of handling explosive materials.在处理易爆物时，严格禁止吸烟。

forbid / ban / prohibit 都含“禁止”的意思。(1) forbid是常用词 , 指“命令某人不做某事” I forbid you to tell anyone.(2) ban 语气较重 , 指权威机关“正式禁止” , 含“严厉谴责”之意 ,只能用物作其宾语。 The government has banned the use of

chemical weapons.(3) prohibit指“通过法律或政府法令禁止”。 The soldiers were prohibited from leaving

camp after dark.

1) 有关规定禁止司机在开车前饮酒。

2) 在加油站，吸烟是严厉禁止的。

3) 他的家庭经济情况不允许他上大学。

The regulations prohibit the drivers from drinking wine before driving.

Smoking is strictly prohibited in the gas station.

Family finances prohibited his going to college.

[即时演练 ] 翻译句子：

They are only teenagers, so their

parents ____ them to smoke.

A. prohibit B. forbid

C. ignore D. block

B

2. Modern communication technology and medical research techniques allow health experts all over the world to unite.[用法点拨 ]unite 意为“联合 (= to act or work together)” ， 如：We should unite to fight poverty and disease. 我们应该联合起来为消除贫穷和疾病而斗争。

The more of the masses we unite with, the better.我们联合起来的群众越多，就越有利。unite 还可表示“统一；团结 (= to become one; to come or bring together)” ，如：After three years in prison he was again united with his wife and family. 他在狱中关了三年之后 , 又与妻子和家里人团圆了。

The threat of war has united the country behind its leaders.国难当头全国人民都团结在领袖的周围。[拓展 ]united adj. 和睦的；团结的；联合的；统一的；结盟的[即时演练 ] 翻译句子：我们必须紧密地团结在一起。 We must unite closely.

3. With all the international effort being made, we have to have faith that there will be solutions in time to stop a Bird Flu epidemic in its tracks.[用法点拨 ]faith 为不可数名词，意为“信心；信任(=confidence ； trust; strong belief)” ，如：He has faith in my ability.他对我的能力有信心。I haven’t much faith in this medicine. 我对这种药没有多大信心。

相关搭配：break faith with sb 对某人不守信用 have faith in 相信；信任 have no faith in 不相信 keep faith with 忠于信仰 ; 守信 lose faith in 失去对……的信念 ; 不再信任 put faith in 相信；信任 shake one’s faith 动摇某人的信心

[拓展 ]

用 faith 一词翻译下列句子：1.我相信你；我肯定你会做好的。I have faith in you ； I am sure you will do well. 2. 为什么你对他不守信用？Why did you break faith with him? 3. 我再也不相信那个家伙了。I’ve lost faith in that fellow.

[即时演练 ]

4. Yet, somehow, it was forgotten by history until very recently when SARS became a cause for concern.[用法点拨 ]concern n. 意为“担心；担忧 (= a feeling of worry)” ，如：The recent rise in crime is a matter of considerable public concern. 最近犯罪率的上升成为了很多民众担忧的事情。

She hasn’t been seen for four days and there is concern for her safety.已经四天没见到她了。她的安全令人担心。concern 还可用作动词，意为： 1)影响；涉及；关系到 (=affect ； be the business of sb) ，如： This is a great event that concerns the future of our company. 这是一件关系到我们公司未来的大事。

2) 关心（某事） (= to interest oneself in sth; be busy with sth) ，如：She’s always concerning herself about other people’s business. 她总是喜欢关心别人的事情。3) 使担忧；使烦恼 (= to worry sb; to trouble) ，如：His illness concerns us all very much.他的病情使我们感到很担心。

[拓展 ]concerning prep. 关于 concerned adj. 有关的；牵连的；焦急的，担忧的 be concerned with 与……有关；牵涉到 concern oneself with/about 对……感兴趣be concerned about / for 关心；挂念 as / so far as ... be concerned 就……而言；在……看来

[即时演练 ]用 concern完成下列句子。1) 一位政府发言人对人质的生命安全表示担忧。A government spokesman _________ ______ ______ the lives of the hostages. 2) 越来越多的人关心起环境问题。 More and more people ____ _________ ______ ______ environmental problems. 3) 请不要为我操心了。 Please don’t _____ _____ _____ me.

expressedconcern about

arethemselves with

be concerned about

concerning

4) 在我看来，这一观点是十分荒唐的。____ ___ ___ ____ _________, this point of view is ridiculous. 5) 她最近的一部纪录片是关于青年人失业问题的。Her latest documentary ____ _____ ____ youth unemployment. 6) 听着，他们正说关于你的事呢。 Listen! They are saying something ________ ______.

As far as I’m concerned

is concerned with

concerning you

5. Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months, with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old, the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most acute epidemic in history.[用法点拨 ]rather than 可作连词词组使用，连接两个并列成分，表示在两者中间进行选择，意为“是 A 而不是 B ”、“宁愿 A 而不愿 B ”等。

后面可以接名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词的相应形式等。如：It is a telex rather than a letter. 与其说它是一封信，不如说它是一封电传。These are political rather than social matters. 这些是政治问题而不是社会问题。You, rather than she, are my guest.你是我的客人，而不是她。

[注意 ]rather than 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与 rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。[拓展 ]rather than 与 would 连用时，构成would rather...than... 句式，意思是“宁愿……而不愿……”，表示主观愿望，即在两者之中选择其一。

1) 生气宁可发泄出来而不要闷在肚内。It is better to express your anger, rather than bottle it up.2) 他通常起得早，而不是起得晚。He usually gets up early rather than late. 3) 他晚上去公园，而不是早上去。He went to the park in the evening rather than in the morning.

[即时演练 ] 翻译下列句子：

4) 她是在笑，而不是在哭。She is laughing rather than crying.5) 他重建了房子，而不愿修缮。He had the house rebuilt rather than repaired. 6) 我们应该帮助他，而不是他应该帮助我们。We should help him rather than he should help us.

6. Epidemics can wiped out up to half of the population in urban area.

wipe out 彻底毁灭；勾销No matter when the invader comes, they will be wiped out clean.

Nothing could wipe out his bitter memory of the past.

wipe up 擦净 , 用拖把拖 wipe away 擦去 , 除去（眼泪等）

7. With recent press reports drawing parallels between Bird Flu and a killer ...with +n. +v-ing结构在这里是作状语，表示伴随状态

draw parallels between 指出 ... 相同之处； 在…之间作对照in parallel 并行的 , 平行的in parallel with 与…平行run parallel to (with) 与…平行without (a) parallel 举世无双

8. ... and left families mourning worldwide. leave sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事He left his wife waiting for him.

Mother went out leaving her baby crying.

leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事leave ... done / adj. / prep. 听任 / 使保持( 某一状态 )

9. …, the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most acute epidemic in history.

acute adj. 严重的；剧烈的；敏锐的He suffers from acute depression.

It is urgent that the acute problem of air pollution in the city be solved.

She complained of acute pains in her chest.

She has acute hearing.

She has a (an) _______ eye for fashion ，

which makes her a very good shopping

companion.

A. active B. swift

C. acute D. dull

C

All the doctors of the world are trying their

best to ___ AIDS that has caused thousands

and thousands of people to die.

    A. wipe off              B. wipe out               

C. wipe away              D. wipe up

B

Part V SpeakingComplete these sentences about the text in your own words.

1) We know that epidemics have been with us for thousands of years because…

2) An epidemic may have been one of the key causes of the fall of the Roman Empire because…

3) The ‘Black Death’ spread rapidly in Asia and Europe because…

4) SARS spread from Hong Kong to Canada, Vietnam and Singapore because…

5) Many doctors and nurses became ill with SARS because…

How did you feel after reading the article? Tell the class.

Part VI VocabularySynonyms1. Match the words from the passage (1-10) with their meanings (a-j).( )1 trial, ( ) 2 prohibit, ( ) 3 pause, ( ) 4 tendency, ( ) 5 acute, ( ) 6 statistics, ( ) 7 routine, ( ) 8 press, ( ) 9 tablet ( )10 thorougha) complete, b) data, c) delay, d) habit, e) media, f) pill, g) prevent, h) severe, i) test, j) trend

i g cj h bd e fa

Synonyms are different words with identical or very similar meanings. Synonyms can be any part of speech (e.g. nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs or prepositions), as long as both members of the pair are the same part of speech.

student and pupil (noun) buy and purchase (verb) sick and ill (adjective) quickly and speedily (adverb) on and upon (preposition)

2. Complete the sentences with these words.mourn, faith , symptoms, prescription,systematic, tissue

1) The doctor wrote out a ___________ 1) The doctor wrote out a ___________ for my medicine.for my medicine.

2) When someone dies, it is natural to 2) When someone dies, it is natural to _________._________.

prescription

mourn

3) I have a lot of ______ in Jim. I’m sure he’ll do the right thing.

4) Tell me your __________ and I will try to tell you what disease you have.

5) If you study in a ___________ way, you won’t leave anything out.

6) The SARS virus affects lung ______.

faith

symptoms

systematic

tissue

on the rise die from die of a lack of provide…for… was harmful to make up

3. Use the following phrases to finish the exercise

1.The hotel________ a reservation of tickets _____ its residents. 2.How can we __________ to you for what you have suffered? 3.His father ________ cancer when he was 10 years old. 4.Eating much and exercising little ______________

your health. 5.The cost of living is __________ as prices are

increasing at present.

provides for

make up

died ofis harmful to

on the rise

Homework1. Finish exercises 1-5 on pages 84-85.2. Talk about the future of medicine.

Example: Which of these things do you think will happen within the next 25 years?•New drugs will stop all diseases.•Doctors will find a cure for SARS.•Flu will disappear.•AIDS will cause large epidemics.

SARS

What more Epidemics do you know?

Can you give some more?

Part I Warm-upIn May, 2009, Mexicans are wearing various masks.