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Well Monitoring Hot Geothermal Wells Pressure, Temperature Tool based on High Temperature Electronics Developed for Commercial Aircraft Engine Control Systems 40,000 hrs @ 225C

Well Monitoring Hot Geothermal Wells Pressure, Temperature Tool based on High Temperature Electronics Developed for Commercial Aircraft Engine Control

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Page 1: Well Monitoring Hot Geothermal Wells Pressure, Temperature Tool based on High Temperature Electronics Developed for Commercial Aircraft Engine Control

Well Monitoring Hot Geothermal Wells

Pressure, Temperature Tool based on High Temperature Electronics Developed for Commercial Aircraft Engine

Control Systems

40,000 hrs @ 225C

Page 2: Well Monitoring Hot Geothermal Wells Pressure, Temperature Tool based on High Temperature Electronics Developed for Commercial Aircraft Engine Control

TEMPERATURE (°C)

LIF

ET

IME

(Y

RS

)

0

1

10

100

150 170 190 210 230 250 270 290 310 330 350

AlCu:1mA/µm2

AlCu: 0.5 mA/µm2

W: 1 mA/µm2

Failure = 10% Increasein Stripe Resistance

Time for 1%of the parts

to failW: 2 mA/µm2

Commercial Parts:

Est. for 5 mA/µm2

> 5 Year Lifeat 225°C

Now

Future

Metal migration failure is a function of Current Density, Time and Temp.Plot is from Honeywell SOI group, Bruce Ohme

HT SOI Electronics

Page 3: Well Monitoring Hot Geothermal Wells Pressure, Temperature Tool based on High Temperature Electronics Developed for Commercial Aircraft Engine Control

• Doing everything right to stop aging– No right angle metallization paths– No on chip metal bridges– No voids in the die attach– Keep TECs matched– Ideal wire bonds– Eliminate intermetallic growth

Show me a 225C/5yr electronic device and I will show you a 125C/30yr device

Eliminating Aging

Page 4: Well Monitoring Hot Geothermal Wells Pressure, Temperature Tool based on High Temperature Electronics Developed for Commercial Aircraft Engine Control

• Achieved 18-bit dynamic range: ~ 20uV or 0.01 psi on a 3K transducer

• One of the Deep Trek parts: • Ideal for pressure

measurements

• Demonstrated operation: • -55C to 375C

Input Offset Voltage @ 300C(after 438 Hrs. Operation @ 300C)

-125-100-75-50-25

0255075

100125

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5Input Common-mode Voltage (Volts)

Off

se

t V

olt

ag

e (

mic

ro-

vo

lts

)

Offset comparable to LTC1049 over a 350C Temperature Range!!

-55C to 300 C

250x improvement in offset accuracy vs. previous High-temp amplifier

An Example: HT SOI Precision Amplifier

Page 5: Well Monitoring Hot Geothermal Wells Pressure, Temperature Tool based on High Temperature Electronics Developed for Commercial Aircraft Engine Control

Field testingFirst well was in 2003

Page 6: Well Monitoring Hot Geothermal Wells Pressure, Temperature Tool based on High Temperature Electronics Developed for Commercial Aircraft Engine Control

Today’s Well Monitoring Tool

Page 7: Well Monitoring Hot Geothermal Wells Pressure, Temperature Tool based on High Temperature Electronics Developed for Commercial Aircraft Engine Control

Both Wired Tubing and Standard Logging Cable

• ¼ inch Incoloy tubing with two high temperature wires has been used in steam flood wells.

• The Perma Works well monitoring tool has been run using standard 600F mono conductor armored logging cable

• For well monitoring, the 2 wires inside ¼ inch tubing is best.

Page 8: Well Monitoring Hot Geothermal Wells Pressure, Temperature Tool based on High Temperature Electronics Developed for Commercial Aircraft Engine Control

No Computer Temperature Compensation was applied to the Calibration Data Below!

Even standard flasked tools use long polynomial temperature correction algorithms! Our self-compensation is done downhole allowing our tool to stay in calibration longer and over extreme temperatures found in Geothermal wells.

PW HT SOI Well Monitoring Tool

Page 9: Well Monitoring Hot Geothermal Wells Pressure, Temperature Tool based on High Temperature Electronics Developed for Commercial Aircraft Engine Control

Monitoring Steam Injection Wells

Page 10: Well Monitoring Hot Geothermal Wells Pressure, Temperature Tool based on High Temperature Electronics Developed for Commercial Aircraft Engine Control

200C 250C 200C

250C

260C

PW HT SOI Well Monitoring Tool

Here the tool NEVER leaves the well for ~24 hrs. This tool can support hydraulic fracturing up to 25,000 psi/275C

Page 11: Well Monitoring Hot Geothermal Wells Pressure, Temperature Tool based on High Temperature Electronics Developed for Commercial Aircraft Engine Control

PW HT Well Monitoring Tool

• Noise in Measurement 250C• The blue line is 1 wire, signal + power on 1 wire• The red line is 2 wire, signal alone on 1 wire

Page 12: Well Monitoring Hot Geothermal Wells Pressure, Temperature Tool based on High Temperature Electronics Developed for Commercial Aircraft Engine Control

PW HT SOI Well Monitoring Tool

43:12.0 43:55.2 44:38.4 45:21.6 46:04.8 46:48.0 47:31.2 48:14.4 48:57.6 49:40.8 50:24.00

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

Pressure Data LabHS Capture of Fall Off, 10sps

Time

PSI

48:31.7 48:32.5 48:33.4 48:34.3 48:35.10

1000

2000

3000

4000

Pressure Data LabHS Capture Measure

Pressure Fall Time

Time

PSI

6 Sec FT

• You can target capturing fracturing events as speed and volume of fluid entering the facture.Two way communication allows the operator to change data formats

as well testing requires without removing the tool.

Page 13: Well Monitoring Hot Geothermal Wells Pressure, Temperature Tool based on High Temperature Electronics Developed for Commercial Aircraft Engine Control

Well Monitoring Tool General Spec’s

• Absolute sensor accuracy 550°F (275°c) 0.35% res. • Noise floor at 250C: 3 Std Dev is <0.0013V out of a 3.5V FS (~1.6psi @5000psi FS)• Tool electronics are 0.9in X 18in.• Optional 575°F (300°C) with loss of some resolution and operating life • Expected Life Span (Within Manufacturers Spec’s) under continuous power

• 400°F – 10 years • 450°F – 2 years • 500°F – 1 year • 535°F – 6 months

• Tool pressure rating in two versions: 12,000psi and 25,000 psi • Tool Dimension 4.5 ft. x 1.75 in OD • Voltage /current 15-18 VDC with current <35mA at all temperatures• Measurements Pressure, Temperature, Cable Loss, Electronic Auto-Zero to correct electronic

measurement drift over time• Dual sampling: Cycling all readings every 15 Sec OR 24 readings every second on any one

measurement to capture well testing events.• Either 7/32 mono-conductor armored cable Or 1/4in wired tubing cable head• Tubing can be either 1 wire or 2 wire. Extra signal wire improves measurement performance.• Options: There are two data channels open. Additional pressure for pressure above or below

a fluid pump for differential pressure. Additional vibration sensors for pump wear indication.

Page 14: Well Monitoring Hot Geothermal Wells Pressure, Temperature Tool based on High Temperature Electronics Developed for Commercial Aircraft Engine Control

Combining Fiber and Electronics

• The PW-PT535A tool can be coupled with the DTS fiber/wire combination cable sold by Draka, a member of the Prysmian Group.• Draka’s fluorine doped fiber has increased

hydrogen resistance when tested at 300°C and 220 psi partial pressure H2.

•Draka’s research has been funded by Department of Energy under Award Number DE_EE0002786

• Having both DTS and electronic pressure/temperature measurements provides the best of both worlds