If depression is the common cold of psychological disorders, chronic ___ is the cancer.

Nearly 1 in 100 people will develop ___, joining the estimated 24 million across the world who suffer one of humanity’s most dreaded disor-der (WHO).

Which psychological disor-der?

August Natterer (German artists)’s Witch’s Head

Louis Wain

•Conventional, naturalistic •Vibrant, erratic

SchizophreniaAPA: n. a psychological disorder characterized by disturbances in thinking(cognition), emo-tional responsiveness, and behavior.

DSIM-IV-TR: a disorder that lasts for at least 6 months and includes at least 1 month of active-phase symptoms (two [or more] of the follow-ing: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized or catatonic be-havior, negative symptoms)

A. Characteristic Symptoms: two (or more) of the following, each present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period (or less if successfully treated):

(1) delusions (2) hallucinations (3) disorganized speech (4) grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior (5) negative symptoms

Diagnostic CriteriaPo

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Positive Symptoms1. Delusions

Erroneous beliefs that involve a misinterpretation of perceptions/experiences

Themes: persecutory, referential…

2. Hallucinations Distortions in perception (auditory, visual, olfactory, gustatory,

tactile) Not consider normal / religious experiences in certain cultural

contexts3. Disorganized Thinking ★★★★★

Distortions in thought and language processes Derailment/tangentiality/incoherence

4. Grossly disorganized behavior Distortions in self-monitoring of behavior

5. Catatonic motor behaviors A decrease in reactivity to the environment

Negative Symptoms

1. Affective flattening Restrictions in the range / intensity of emotional ex-

pression Facial expression, eye contact, body language

2. Alogia Restrictions in the fluency / productivity of thought and

speech Brief replies, unwillingness to speak

3. Avolition Restrictions in the initiation of goal-directed behavior Little interest in participating in work /social activi-

ties

B. Social/occupational dysfunction:

one or more major ar-eas of functioning (work, interpersonal relations, or self-care) are markedly below the level achieved prior to the onset

Education, work, mar-riage, social contacts

C. Duration:

Continuous signs of the disturbance persist for at least 6 months. Must include at least 1 month of symptoms.

D. Schizoaffective and mood disorder exclusion:b/c either (1) no Major Depressive, Manic, or Mixed Episodes have occurred concurrently with the active-phase symptoms, or (2) if mood episodes have occurred during ac-tive-phase symptoms, their total duration has been brief rel-ative to the duration of the active-phase symptoms.

E. Substance/general medical condition exclu-sion: the disturbance is NOT b/c direct physiological effects of a substance or a general medical condition.

F. Relationship to a pervasive developmental disorder: if there is a history of Autistic Disorder or another Perva-sive Developmental Disorder, the additional diagnosis of Schizophrenia is only if prominent delusions or hallucina-tions are also present for at least 1 month (or less if suc-cessfully treated).

1. Paranoid A preoccupation w/ delusions or hallucinations Unless the Catatonic or Disorganized Type is present

2. Disorganized Disorganized speech, disorganized behavior (NO Cata-

tonic Type present)

3. Catatonic Motoric immobility, excessive motor activity/nega-

tivism, peculiarities of voluntary movement

4. Undifferentiated Criterion A + No Paranoid/Disorganized/Cataonic Type

5. Residual Continuing evidence of the disturbance, but the crite-

ria for the active-phase symptoms are no longer met.

Subtypes Dr. Cup

Brain Abnormalities1. Dopamine overactivity2. Abnormal brain activity: frontal lobe, thalamus,

amygdala3. Materal virus during midpregancy Genetic Factors1. Identical twins / adoption studies2. Specific genes: dopamine, neurotransmitters, myelin3. Nutritional /oxygen deprivation at brith Psychological Factors1. Social support, family problem-solving

“refrigerator mothers”

The Etiology – WHY?

General: adults 0.5%~1.5%, urban-born Age: late teens~the mid 30s Culture

Cultural differences (hallucinations, disorganized speech)

Overdiagnose certain ethnic groups Gender

Male: higher incidenceMedian age of 1st episode: mid 20s(M), late 20s (F)

Age, Culture, Gender

Cognitive-behavioral therapy Needs-based supportive therapy Supportive society, family, school Healthy life (exercise)

Possible Preventions?

Conservatorship Formal diagnosis at UCLA Medical Center Was hospitalized for psychiatric evaluation after set-

ting fire in Californian neighborhood

A CASE STUDY of a Celebrity

1. A false belief that a person believes that he is being watched or tor-mented by others is known as a:

① Delusion of reference② Persecutory delusion③ Religious delusion④ Somatic delusion⑤ Grandiose delusion

MCQ

2. The most common type of hallucina-tion is:

① Olfactory② Visual③ Auditory④ Tactile⑤ Somatic

MCQ

3. Which of the following is NOT a positive symptom of schizophrenia?

① Delusions② Hallucinations③ Disorganized speech④ Alogia⑤ Catatonic motor speech

MCQ

4. Which of the following is NOT a subtype of schizophrenia?

① Undifferentiated② Active③ Residual④ Disorganized⑤ Paranoid

MCQ

5. People with schizophrenia who have poverty of speech, inability to express their emotion and initiate a goal are said to be experiencing ______symptoms

① Positive② Negative③ Extrusive④ Intrusive⑤ Residual

MCQ

Schizophrenia is a psychological disorder that results in serious forms of suffering. Hence, psychologists have worked to iden-tify its nature and origins.

1. Identify three characteristic symptoms that are primarily used to diagnose schizophrenia.

2. Discuss possible etiology for schizophre-nia.

AP Style FRQ

Amanda bynes' secret twitter account reveals possible schizophrenia symptoms & violent threats!. (2013, 10 1). Perezhilton. Retrieved from http://perezhilton.com/2013-06-05-amanda-bynes-secret-twitter-account-reveals-schizophrenia-symptoms/

American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: Au-thor.

American Psychological Association. (2007). APA dictionary of psychol-ogy. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Helicon. (2013, March 1). Re: Louis Wain: the effects of schizophrenia on the perception of the artist [Web log comment]. Retrieved from http://heliconbristol.blogspot.kr/2013/03/louis-wain-effects-of-schizophrenia-on.html

Mash, Eric. J., & Barkley Russell A. (Eds.). (2003). Child psychopathol-ogy. New York: The Guilford Press.

Myers, D.G. (2010). Psychology.(9th ed). New York: Worth publishers.Smith, M. (2013, 10 2). Amanda bynes new diagnosis bipolar disorder

and schizophrenia. Las Vegas Guardian Express. Retrieved from http://guardianlv.com/2013/10/amanda-bynes-new-diagnosis-bipolar-disorder-and-schizophrenia/

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