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White Paper
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What is Volume Rendering?The term volume rendering is used to
describe techniques whichallow to display three dimensional data.
Volume rendering is atechnique used to display sampled functions of
three spatial di-mensions by computing 2-D projections of a colored
semitrans-parent volume.
Medical imaging is currently the leading volume rendering
ap-plication area, with volume data available from several
modesincluding CT, MR, PETand US scanners. The availability of
paralleldata stacks produced by CT scanners, for instance, prompted
thedevelopment of techniques to display data in a
threedimensionalplane rather than in individual planes. This
supplied the immedi-ate advantage of being able to view the
information from anyangle.
Ray CastingThe basic goal of ray casting is to allow the best
use of three-di-mensional data and not to attempt to impose any
geometric struc-ture on it. It solves one of the most signicant
limitations of surfaceextraction techniques, namely the way in
which the projection ofa thin shell in the acquisition space is
displayed. Surface extrac-
tion techniques fail to take into account that, especially in
medicalimaging, data may originate from uid and other materials
whichmay be partially transparent and should be modelled as such.
Raycasting doesnt have this limitation. Ray Cast rendering
algorithmprojects Three-dimensional space on a Bi-dimensional image
cor-responding to the screen by propagating the rays coming from
theobserver and covering the space to be rendered (g. 1).
Thanks to the latest graphics hardware technological
developments, we could move3D related algorithms rom the main PC to
dedicated graphics processors with a hugestep orward or both voxel
resolution and volume rate
Magda Costi, R&D - 3D Projects, Esaote, Florence, Italy
Fig. 1
2D image pixel
Ray
3D Voxel intersection
Fig. 2
With the latest innovations in graphics hardware platforms,
algo-rithmms may be managed in a new way, which includes
splittingrendering into the following different steps.
Please note that ray entry and ray exit coordinates (volume)
arealso determined with one rendering step (top pictures).
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Esaote 3D-4D highlights, ull powervoxel res and volume rate are
now atyour fngertipsThe new algorithm management combined with
signal acquisitionfocused on region of interest (ROI), allows for
much quicker three di-mensional reconstruction and volumetric
display with volume ratesthat are equal or superior to 40
V/sec*.
Acquisition is based on vectors mode, which also means a
step
forward as far as full screen resolution accuracy with detailed
dis-tricts, such as fetus eyes or eye-lids, now represented with an
ex-traordinary imaging quality.
Esaote 3D-4D Depth-Colour, your newdimensional prospectiveWhen
the third dimension (represented by depth) is associatedwith colour
coding, rendering takes on a further Depth-Colorand new dimensional
prospective. Thanks to innovative R&D en-gineering, we can
attribute a colour coding to signal processingwhenever the depth
factor is involved. Such a technique, devoidof any image resolution
loss or reconstruction speed, providesmore readable images and
improves picture-lighting perception.
A terric result applied to fetus volume rendering.
*available with optimized parameters
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Esaote S.p.A.
International Activities: Via di Caciolle 15 - 50127 Florence,
Italy - Tel. +39 055 4229 1 - Fax +39 055 4229 208 -
[email protected] - www.esaote.comDomestic Activities:
Via A. Siffredi, 58 16153 Genoa, Italy, Tel. +39 010 6547 1, Fax
+39 010 6547 275, [email protected]
Products and technologies included in the document might be not
yet be released or not approved in all the countries.
Esaote 3D-4D POP-Platorm, when theuser interace makes the
dierenceBased on the revolutionary POP
(Productivity-Oriented-Platform) thenew user interface of the
Esaote 3D-4D is extraordinary. The high-resolution LCD touch
screen, newly supplied e-touch and Smartouchfunctions and an
extremely user friendly keyboard, provide a magicoperator-machine
interface. The result is a quicker procedure ap-proach with a
complete examination supplied in no time.
Custom setupBy pressing the -touch button, the user can display
the controlsand functions he really needs in clinical practice:
improved com-fort and reduced examination time.
MyMacro
-touch dedicated session allows user to record different
mac-ros. Based on any single users needs and preferences,
multiplefunctions can be included with just one touch: less
keystrokesand aster diagnosis.
SmartouchWide ranging image settings, user preferences and
clinical tar-gets, normally require time and attention. Smartouch
deliversdedicated setting for any anatomical district. Optimal
image isdisplayed with just one touch.
169007700(MARev.01)
