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Wind and Water Distribution over Ocean W. Timothy Liu, Xiaosu Xie, and Wenqing Tang Distribution of Wind Power over Ocean Closure of Water Balance Meso-scale Ocean-atmosphere Coupling. SMMR. Power density. Center of cyclonic currents. Using Weibull distribution. Scaling factor. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Wind and Water Distribution over Ocean
W. Timothy Liu, Xiaosu Xie, and Wenqing Tang
Distribution of Wind Power over OceanClosure of Water BalanceMeso-scale Ocean-atmosphere Coupling
SMMR
Center of cyclonic currentsPower density
Using Weibull distribution
Scaling factor
Shape factor
ū is mean wind speedσ is standard deviation of wind speedГ is the gamma function
Generating electric power from wind energy at sea (floating wind farms)
Avoid hazard conditions in shipping Ocean-atmosphere exchanges, in heat,
water, and greenhouse gases
Distribution of Wind Speed
Center of cyclonic currents
Center of cyclonic currents
Center of cyclonic currents
Center of cyclonic currents
Center of cyclonic currents
HYDROLOGIC BALANCE
Ue=f(Us) Liu (1993)-polynomial Liu & Tang (2005) - Neural NetworkUe = U850mb Heta & Mitsuta (1993)Both Us & U850mb Xie et al. (2007) - SVR
HYDROLOGIC BALANCE
E-P
Flux Divergence
E-P
Subtropical South Pacific
CC=0.856
CC=0.913
Equatorial western Pacific
CC=0.81
CC=0.764
Ocean Balance
Land Balance
GRACE Climatology
Global Water Balance - JASON
Global Water Balance-GRACE
Global Water Balance-GRACE
Water Balance over Global Ocean
Ocean’s Influence on Water Balance of South America
The approximate balance of dM/dt with ∫-R bolsters not only the credibity of the spacebased measurements, but supports the characterization of ocean’s influence on continental water balance.
Liu et al., GRL 2006
Center of cyclonic currentsMeridional Heat Transport (MHT)
H: Heat content
ζ: Horizontal heat flux
SW: Short wave radiation
LW: Long wave radiation
LH: Latent heat
SH: Sensible heat
AMSR measures the largest aggregate of water cycle parameters
The high resolution global coverage is conducive to study the coupling of mid-latitude ocean fronts with atmosphere
It provide the distribution of wind power density with unprecedented details
Need continuous and consistent time series New opportunity for science synergism still lies
ahead
Summary
Center of cyclonic currents
Backup
Our knowledge on stress was derived from winds before we have scatterometer
High-resolution AMSR data help to define mesoscale SST gradient where stress could not be derived from wind alone
Because the weak lapse rate, mid-latitude SST anomalies could not generate atmospheric response above boundary layer.
Satellite data contradict such notion and challenge on dynamics and scaling for the modelling community.
Mid-latitude Coupling over Ocean Front
Filtered ENW (color) and SST (contour)
Collocation of ENW magnitude with SST is inherent in the definition of ENW and turbulent mixing theory.
Filtered precipitation (color) and SST (contour)
Precipitation is in quadrature with SST and in phase with surface wind convergence.