WINDOW CONSTRUCTIONS

8/7/2019 WINDOW CONSTRUCTIONS

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WINDOW CONSTRUCTIONS

NAMA PENSYARAH : NUR KHAIRUNISA HANANI BT.

ROSLAN

NAMA AHLI :

SHAZRIL ZULKIEFLY

HAMBALI

ZULFAHMI

ZUL FAQAAR

SYAWAL


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SASH WINDOWS

Sebuah tingkap sash atau tingkap sash

bergantung diperbuat dari satu atau lebih panel

beralihan atau "sashes" yang membentuk suatu

bingkai untuk memegang pane kaca yang seringdipisahkan dari pane lain (atau "cahaya")

oleh muntin bars yang sempit.Walaupun apa-apa

tingkap dengan jenis glazing ini adalah secara

teknikal "sebuah sash", istilah digunakan hampir

secara eksklusif untuk merujukkan pada tingkap-

tingkap di mana panel glazed dibuka denganmembuka secara vertikal, atau horinzontal dalam

suatu kenis digelar sebagai suatu Yorkshire atau

sliding sash


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DOUBLE-HUNG SASH WINDOWS

This sash window is the traditional style of window

in the United Kingdom, and many other places that

were formerly colonized by the UK, with two parts

(sashes) that overlap slightly and slide up and down

inside the frame. The two parts are not necessarilythe same size. Nowadays, most new double-hung

sash windows use spring balances to support the

sashes, but traditionally, counterweights held in

boxes on either side of the window were used. These

were and are attached to the sashes using pulleys of

either braided cord or, later, purpose-made chain.Double-hung sash windows were traditionally often

fitted withshutters. Sash windows may be fitted

with simplex hinges which allow the window to be

locked into hinges on one side, while the rope on the

other side is detached, allowing the window to be

opened for escape or cleaning


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SINGLE HUNG SASH WINDOWS

One sash is movable (usually the bottom one)

and the other fixed. This is the earlier form of

sliding sash window, and is also cheaper.


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HORIZONTAL SLIDING SASH

WINDOWS

Has two or more sashes that overlap

slightly but slide horizontally within the

frame. In the UK, these are sometimes

called Yorkshire sash windows,

presumably because of their traditional

use in that county.


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CASEMENT WINDOWS

A window with a hinged sash that swings in orout like a door comprising either a side-hung,top-hung (also called "awning window"; seebelow), or occasionally bottom-hung sash or a

combination of these types, sometimes withfixed panels on one or more sides of the sash.In the USA, these are usually opened usingacrank, but in parts of Europe they tend to useprojection friction staysand espagnolette locking. Formerly, plain

hinges were used with a casementstay. Handingapplies to casement windows todetermine direction of swing; a casementwindow may be left-handed, right-handed, ordouble. The casement window is the dominanttype now found in the UK and parts of Europe.


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AWNING WINDOWS

An awning window is a

casement window that is hung

horizontally, hinged on top, so

that it swings outward like

an awning.


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HOPPER WINDOWS

A window with a hinged sash that swings in orout like a door comprising either a side-hung,top-hung (also called "awning window"; seebelow), or occasionally bottom-hung sash or a

combination of these types, sometimes withfixed panels on one or more sides of the sash.In the USA, these are usually opened usingacrank, but in parts of Europe they tend to useprojection friction staysand espagnolette locking. Formerly, plain

hinges were used with a casementstay. Handingapplies to casement windows todetermine direction of swing; a casementwindow may be left-handed, right-handed, ordouble. The casement window is the dominanttype now found in the UK and parts of Europe.


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TILT & SLIDE WINDOWS

A window (more usually

a door-sized window)

where the sash tilts

inwards at the top and

then slides horizontally

behind the fixed pane


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TILT & TURN WINDOWS

A window which can either tilt

inwards at the top, or can open

inwards hinged at the side.


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TRANSOM WINDOWS

A window above a door; in an exterior doorthe transom window is often fixed, in aninterior door it can open either by hinges attop or bottom, or rotate on hinges. Itprovided ventilation before forced airheating and cooling. A fan-shaped transomis known as a fanlight, especially in theBritish Isles.


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JALOUSIE WINDOWS

Also known as a louvered window,thejalousie window consists of parallel slatsof glass or acrylic that open and close likea Venetian blind, usually using a crank or alever. They are used extensively in tropicalarchitecture.A jalousie door is a door with ajalousie window.


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CLERESTORY WINDOWS

A window set in a roofstructure

or high in a wall, usedfor daylighting.


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SKYLIGHT

A flat or slope window

used for daylighting, built

into a roof structure that is

out of reach.


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ROOF WINDOWS

A sloped window usedfor daylighting, built into a roof

structure.


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BAY WINDOWS

Amulti-panel window, with at least

three panels set at different angles to

create a protrusion from the wall line.


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ROOF LANTERN

A roof lantern is a multi-paned glassstructure, resembling a smallbuilding, built on a roof for day ormoon light. Sometimes includes anadditional clerestory. May also becalled a cupola.


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ORIEL WINDOWS

A window with many panels. It is mostoften seen in Tudor-style houses and

monasteries.A

n oriel window projectsfrom the wall and does not extend to theground. Oriel windows originated as aform of porch. They are often supportedby brackets or corbels. Buildings in theGothic Revival style often have oriel

windows.


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THERMAL WINDOWS

Thermal, or Diocletian, windows

are large semicircular windows (or

niches) which are usually divided

into three lights (windowcompartments) by two

verticalmullions. The central

compartment is often wider than

the two side lights on either side of

it.


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FIXED WINDOWS

A window that cannot be opened,

whose function is limited to

allowing light to enter (Unlike an

unfixed window, which can open

and close). Clerestory windows are

often fixed. Transom windows

may be fixed or operable.


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PICTURE WINDOWS

A very large fixed window in awall, typically without glazing

bars, or glazed with only

perfunctory glazing bars near the

edge of the window. Picture

windows are intended to provide

an unimpeded view, as if framing

a picture.


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MULTI-LIT WINDOW

A window glazed with small panes

of glass separated by wooden or

lead "glazing bars", or "muntins",arranged in a decorative "glazing

pattern" often dictated by the

architectural style at use. Due to

the historic unavailability of large

panes of glass, this was theprevailing style of window until

the beginning of the 20th century,

and is traditionally still used today.


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STAINED GLASS WINDOWS

A window composed of pieces of

colored glass, transparent,

translucent or opaque, frequently

portraying persons or scenes.

Typically the glass in these

windows is separated by lead

glazing bars. Stained glass

windows were popularin Victorian houses and

some Wrightian houses, and are

especially common in churches.


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FRENCH WINDOWS

A window composed of pieces of

colored glass, transparent,

translucent or opaque, frequently

portraying persons or scenes.

Typically the glass in these

windows is separated by lead

glazing bars. Stained glass

windows were popularin Victorian houses and

some Wrightian houses, and are

especially common in churches.

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WINDOW CONSTRUCTIONS