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Virtual Hydropower Prospecting – a Foundation
For Water Energy Resource
Planning and Development
Virtual Hydropower Prospecting – a Foundation
For Water Energy Resource
Planning and Development
Douglas G. Hall, Program Manager INL Hydropower Program
Douglas G. Hall, Program Manager INL Hydropower Program
February 2009 February 2009
World Bank Water Week Conference
2
Topics
• Water energy resource assessment of U.S. natural streams – Basic natural stream resource assessment – Feasibility assessment – Virtual Hydropower Prospector – a GIS application
• Water Energy Resource Assessment of Brazil Project – Background – Technical Approach – Project Status – Project End State
3
Water Energy Resource Assessment Of U.S. Natural
Streams
Water Energy Resource Assessment Of U.S. Natural
Streams
4
Water energy resource assessment of U.S. natural streams
• Funded by the U.S. Department of Energy Hydropower Program – Idaho National Laboratory – lead – U.S. Geological Survey – Earth Resources Observation Systems Data Center
– U.S. Geological Survey – Water Science Center
• Basic resource assessment – published April 2004*
• Feasibility assessment – published January 2006*
• Virtual Hydropower Prospector* GIS application – launched on the Internet July 2005
* Accessible at: http://hydropower.inl.gov
• Funded by the U.S. Department of Energy Hydropower Program – Idaho National Laboratory – lead – U.S. Geological Survey – Earth Resources Observation Systems Data Center
– U.S. Geological Survey – Water Science Center
• Basic resource assessment – published April 2004*
• Feasibility assessment – published January 2006*
• Virtual Hydropower Prospector* GIS application – launched on the Internet July 2005
5
Elements of a resource assessment • Basic natural stream resource assessment
– Resource spatial distribution – Resource gross power potential
• Feasibility assessment – Feasible potential projects – Project realistic power potential
• Virtual Hydropower Prospector – a GIS application – Water energy resource site & feasible project locator – Preliminary feasibility assessment tool
6
Basic Natural Stream Resource Assessment Basic Natural Stream Resource Assessment
7
Basic assessment methodology • Stream reach power potential (USGS data processing)
– Derive synthetic hydrography using digital elevation models • 3D hydrography divided into stream reaches (avg. 2 mi) • Stream reach catchments ð drainage areas
– Obtain reach hydraulic head from 3D hydrography – Obtain reach flow rate from hydrologic region specific flow rate regression equation(s)
– Estimate reach gross annual mean power by combining hydraulic head and flow rate
• Zones where development unlikely identified using GIS – Federal exclusion zones – Environmental exclusion zones
• Developed reaches identified by matching plants and reaches using GIS
8
Basic natural stream resource assessment results for the United States • Reach population having power potential ≥ 10 kWa is:
500,000 reaches Gross power: 300,000 MWa
Total Resource Potential 297,436 MWa
Available Potential 175,507 MWa
59%
Excluded Potential 97,845 MWa
33%
Developed Potential 24,084 MWa
8%
Total Resource Sites 500,157
Available Sites 409,813 82%
Excluded Sites 88,383 18%
Developed Sites 1,961 0.4%
9
Resource power potential by state and power category
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
Delaw
are
Rhode Island
North Dakota
New Jersey
Connecticut
Florida
Massachusetts
Maryland
South Dakota
Kansas
New Hampshire
Michigan Iow
a
Nebraska
Vermont
Nevada
South Carolina
Indiana Ohio
Oklahoma
Minnesota
Wisconsin
New Mexico
Georgia
Hawaii
Virginia
Texas
Illinois
North Carolina
Maine
Mississippi
Louisiana
Alabama
Arizona
Missouri
West Virginia
Kentucky Utah
Pennsylvania
New York
Tennessee
Arkansas
Wyoming
Colorado
Montana
Oregon
Idaho
California
Washington
Ann
ual M
ean Pow
er (MWa)
Available
Excluded
Developed
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
Alaska
Ann
ual M
ean Po
wer (MWa)
10
Feasibility Assessment Feasibility Assessment
11
Feasibility criteria
• Development not improbable – Not in federal exclusion zone – Not in environmental exclusion zone
Within the 90th percentile of distances of hydro plants in the same power class to a city or populated area boundary in the hydrologic region
OR
• Site accessibility – within 1 mile of a road
• Load proximity – Within 1 mile of either
• Power line • Substation • Power plant
12
• Working stream flow – the lesser of: – Half the reach flow rate
OR – Sufficient flow rate to produce 30 MW
• Penstock – Maximum length equal to the maximum length for a majority of low power or small hydro plants in the region, respectively
– Actual length chosen to be minimum length providing 90% of hydraulic head provided by maximum penstock length
– Positioned on reach to maximize hydraulic head for given length
Project development criteria • Working stream flow – the lesser of:
– Half the reach flow rate OR
– Sufficient flow rate to produce 30 MW
13
U.S. potential projects by power & technology classes • Feasible projects having hydropower potential ≥ 10 kW
130,000 projects Hydropower potential: 30,000 MWa
Feasible Projects 127,758
Microhydro 93,821 73%
Low Power Unconventional
Systems 6,032 5%
Low Power Conventional Turbines 22,485 18%
Small Hydro 5,420 4%
Feasible Project Hydropower Potential 29,438 MWa
Low Power Conventional Turbines 6,297 MWa
21%
Microhydro 3,052 MWa
10%
Low Power Unconventional
Systems 1,640 MWa
6%
Small Hydro 18,450 MWa
63%
14
Feasible hydropower potential by state and power category
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
Delaware
Rhode Island
North Dakota
New Jersey
Florida
Maryland
Nevada
Connecticut
South Dakota
Michigan
Massachusetts
Minnesota
Arizona
New Mexico
New Hampshire
South Carolina
Vermont
Georgia
Wisconsin
Hawaii
Kansas
Mississippi
Indiana
Louisiana Ohio
Texas Iowa
Oklahoma
North Carolina
Nebraska Utah
Virginia
Maine
Alabama
West Virginia
Wyoming
Kentucky
Illinois
Arkansas
Tennessee
New York
Missouri
Colorado
Pennsylvania
Montana
Oregon
Idaho
Alaska
Washington
California
Ann
ual M
ean Pow
er (MWa)
Small Hydro
Low Power
15
Concentrations of small hydro & low power potential projects in the conterminous U.S.
Feasible Potential Projects Small Hydro Conventional Turbines Unconventional Turbines Microhydro
16
Virtual Hydropower Prospector
Virtual Hydropower Prospector
17
• Webbased GIS tool • Served from the Idaho National Laboratory • Constructed using ESRI ArcIMS 9.0 and Visual Studio’s InterDev
• No special software or licenses required to use • Displays water energy resource sites and feasible project sites in the 20 U.S. hydrologic regions
• Displays context features needed to perform preliminary feasibility assessments
• Provides tools for locating and selecting features of interest
• Goes beyond geographic location and provides attribute information about selected features
Virtual Hydropower Prospector • Webbased GIS tool • Served from the Idaho National Laboratory • Constructed using ESRI ArcIMS 9.0 and Visual Studio’s InterDev
• No special software or licenses required to use • Displays water energy resource sites and feasible project sites in the 20 U.S. hydrologic regions
• Displays context features needed to perform preliminary feasibility assessments
• Provides tools for locating and selecting features of interest
• Goes beyond geographic location and provides attribute information about selected features
18
VHP Desktop
Legend
Thumbnail Map
Information Window
Toolbar
Map View
19
Features displayed • Water energy features
– Water energy resource sites (500,000 sites)
– Feasible potential projects (130,000 sites)
• Areas and places – Cities – Populated areas – County boundaries – State boundaries – Hydrologic region boundaries • Hydrography (5 feature sets)
• Power system – Hydro plants – Other plants – Power lines – Substations
• Transportation – Roads – Railroads
• Land Use – Excluded areas
• Federally designated • Environmentally sensitive
– Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) – Bureau of Land Management (BLM) – Bureau of Reclamation (BOR) – Department of Defense (DOD) – U.S. Forest Service (FS) – U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (FWS) – U.S. National Park Service (NP)
• Water energy features – Water energy resource sites
(500,000 sites) – Feasible potential projects
(130,000 sites)
• Power system – Hydro plants – Other plants – Power lines – Substations
• Transportation – Roads – Railroads
• Areas and places – Cities – Populated areas – County boundaries – State boundaries – Hydrologic region boundaries
• Land Use – Excluded areas
• Federally designated • Environmentally sensitive
– Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) – Bureau of Land Management (BLM) – Bureau of Reclamation (BOR) – Department of Defense (DOD) – U.S. Forest Service (FS) – U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (FWS) – U.S. National Park Service (NP)
• Water energy features – Water energy resource sites
(500,000 sites) – Feasible potential projects
(130,000 sites)
• Areas and places – Cities – Populated areas – County boundaries – State boundaries – Hydrologic region boundaries • Hydrography (5 feature sets)
• Power system – Hydro plants – Other plants – Power lines – Substations
• Transportation – Roads – Railroads
• Land Use – Excluded areas
• Federally designated • Environmentally sensitive
– Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) – Bureau of Land Management (BLM) – Bureau of Reclamation (BOR) – Department of Defense (DOD) – U.S. Forest Service (FS) – U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (FWS) – U.S. National Park Service (NP)
20
Water Energy Resource Assessment of Brazil
Project
Water Energy Resource Assessment of Brazil
Project
21
Background • Funded under the International Power Partnerships Program – U.S. Department of Energy – Edison Electric Institute
• IPP Program objectives – Fund projects that will reduce green house gas emissions – Foster partnerships between U.S. and foreign industries
• Contributing organizations – Idaho National Laboratory – U.S. Geological Survey – Earth Resources Observation Systems Data Center
– U.S. Geological Survey – Water Science Center – HydroPartners, LLC
• Ecology Brasil
22
Background (Continued)
• Brazil performed “river inventories” during the 1960’s (based on topo maps and field reconnaissance) custodian: Electrobras
• Brazil performed stream flow modeling studies covering the country’s 76 subbasins custodian: Brazilian National Water Agency (ANA)
23
Basic resource assessment • Hydrography
– Digital elevation models (DEMs) • Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) 90m resolution – USGS available
– Mapped hydrography – Brazil
• Stream flow rate prediction – Brazilian produced stream flow modeling – used for 30% of the country
– Stream flow modeling for 70% of country produced by USGS Water Science Center • Data from approximately 1850 stream gages
24
Basic resource assessment (Continued) • Status
– Synthetic hydrography produced for all of Brazil
– Stream flow models available for 70% of land area of Brazil
– By end of February 2009 • Hydropower parameters available for 70% of land area of Brazil – Reach gross hydraulic head – Reach estimated average flow rate – Reach estimated gross power potential
• Stream reaches compared to mapped hydrography
• Stream reaches flagged relative to exclusion zones
25
Virtual Hydropower Prospector do Brasil • Water energy features
– Water energy resource sites (all stream reaches)
– Feasible potential projects
• Areas and places – State boundaries – Municipality boundaries – Capitals – Villages – Settlements • Water features (12 feature
sets)
• Power system – Hydro plants – Other plants – Power lines – Substations
• Transportation – Roads – Railroads
• Land Use – Excluded areas
• Conservation areas • Aboriginal lands
– PROBIO lands
26
Virtual Hydropower Prospector do Brasil (Continued)
• Status – Initial version available for stakeholder review
• All context data layers active • All map navigation active • All information tools active
27
Virtual Hydropower Prospector do Brasil (Continued)
28
Project end state • Assessment report (in English)
– Will address the national hydropower potential – Appendix will provide state summaries
• Virtual Hydropower Prospector do Brasil (in English) – Will display results of resource assessment – Will provide relation to context features for customized preliminary site evaluation
• Assessment data may be incorporated into similar GIS application hosted in Brazil (in Portuguese)
• Project completion scheduled for Fall 2009
29
Conclusions • Tools and techniques enabling Virtual Hydropower
Prospecting have been developed
• Virtual Hydropower Prospecting has successfully been applied for the United States
• The Virtual Hydropower Prospector provides a tool to ensure optimally beneficial new hydropower development
• Brazil’s natural stream water energy resources are being assessed to facilitate energy planning and development
• The techniques employed and tools developed for the U.S. and Brazil can be applicable anywhere in the world.
• Tools and techniques enabling Virtual Hydropower Prospecting have been developed
• Virtual Hydropower Prospecting has successfully been applied for the United States
• The Virtual Hydropower Prospector provides a tool to ensure optimally beneficial new hydropower development
• Brazil’s natural stream water energy resources are being assessed to facilitate energy planning and development
• The techniques employed and tools developed for the U.S. and Brazil can be applicable anywhere in the world.
30
Contact Douglas G. Hall, Program Manager INL Water Energy Program
Idaho National Laboratory 2525 Fremont Ave. Idaho Falls, ID 834153830
Telephone: 2085269525 Email: [email protected]