World War Two Ways America Prepared for War. Selective Service Act Summer of 1940 First peacetime draft Men between 21 -- 35 Registered 16.5 million

World War TwoWorld War Two

Ways America Prepared for WarWays America Prepared for War

Selective Service ActSelective Service Act

Summer of 1940 First peacetime draft Men between 21 -- 35 Registered 16.5 million men 5 million volunteered

Summer of 1940 First peacetime draft Men between 21 -- 35 Registered 16.5 million men 5 million volunteered

Women in the Armed ServicesWomen in the Armed Services

250,000 women enlisted First time women were permitted to volunteer for

armed forces Non-combat roles (accountants, bookkeepers,

drivers, radio operators) Served in all branches WACS (women’s armed corp services) WAVES (women in the navy) WAFS (women in the air force)

250,000 women enlisted First time women were permitted to volunteer for

armed forces Non-combat roles (accountants, bookkeepers,

drivers, radio operators) Served in all branches WACS (women’s armed corp services) WAVES (women in the navy) WAFS (women in the air force)

WAFSWAFS

Women in WW2Women in WW2

Very strict guidelines for women to serve in the military

Age 20-49 No children under age 14 Minimum of two years of high school

Very strict guidelines for women to serve in the military

Age 20-49 No children under age 14 Minimum of two years of high school

Women in the work forceWomen in the work force

Five million women entered the workforce Many worked in industrial jobs in

shipyards, defense plants, etc. Received 60% less pay than men

Five million women entered the workforce Many worked in industrial jobs in

shipyards, defense plants, etc. Received 60% less pay than men

Rosie The RiveterRosie The Riveter

African Americans in WW2African Americans in WW2

1.5 million AA left the south for jobs in the north and west

1 million left home to serve in the armed forces (segregated units)

Both civilians and soldiers continued to face discrimination and segregation

Civil Rights leaders under the NAACP encouraged AA to adopt the “Double V” slogan

1.5 million AA left the south for jobs in the north and west

1 million left home to serve in the armed forces (segregated units)

Both civilians and soldiers continued to face discrimination and segregation

Civil Rights leaders under the NAACP encouraged AA to adopt the “Double V” slogan

“Double V” Campaign“Double V” Campaign

V= victory over fascism abroad

V = victory for equality at home

New Civil Rights organization created in 1942 to work more “militantly” for AA rights. Named CORE = Congress of Racial Equality

V= victory over fascism abroad

V = victory for equality at home

New Civil Rights organization created in 1942 to work more “militantly” for AA rights. Named CORE = Congress of Racial Equality

Industrial ProductionIndustrial Production

1942: War Production Board (WPB) established to convert companies from peacetime to wartime production.

U.S. industries booming. By 1944 unemployment practically gone Kaiser shipyard in California could make a

new ship in 14 days

1942: War Production Board (WPB) established to convert companies from peacetime to wartime production.

U.S. industries booming. By 1944 unemployment practically gone Kaiser shipyard in California could make a

new ship in 14 days

Office of Price AdministrationOffice of Price Administration

OPA regulated almost every aspect of civilian life. Controlled Inflation. Froze prices, wages, rent, etc.

Set up a rationing system. Used coupon booklets. Meat, sugar, coffee, gasoline, rubber

OPA regulated almost every aspect of civilian life. Controlled Inflation. Froze prices, wages, rent, etc.

Set up a rationing system. Used coupon booklets. Meat, sugar, coffee, gasoline, rubber

Financing the WarFinancing the War

WW2 cost the U.S. $320 Billion (10x’s more than WW1)

Raised the money through income taxes (first time automatically deducted from paychecks)

Selling war bonds (raised $135 Billion) 1945 National Debt $250 Billion

WW2 cost the U.S. $320 Billion (10x’s more than WW1)

Raised the money through income taxes (first time automatically deducted from paychecks)

Selling war bonds (raised $135 Billion) 1945 National Debt $250 Billion

Propaganda PosterPropaganda Poster

Organizing ScienceOrganizing Science

1939 Albert Einstein wrote FDR a personal letter. 1941 Office of Scientific Research established to

research and develop the atomic bomb Team of American, British, European scientists

headed by Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer Three plants set up to produce uranium and

plutonium

1939 Albert Einstein wrote FDR a personal letter. 1941 Office of Scientific Research established to

research and develop the atomic bomb Team of American, British, European scientists

headed by Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer Three plants set up to produce uranium and

plutonium

The Atomic BombThe Atomic Bomb

Changes in EntertainmentChanges in Entertainment

Hollywood began making war-time propaganda films.

60 million to 100 million moviegoers a week

“Prelude To War” one of the greatest propaganda films ever made. Frank Capra series “Why We Fight”

Musicals, romances, comedies

Hollywood began making war-time propaganda films.

60 million to 100 million moviegoers a week

“Prelude To War” one of the greatest propaganda films ever made. Frank Capra series “Why We Fight”

Musicals, romances, comedies

Walt Disney’s contributionsWalt Disney’s contributions

Transformed his cartoon studio into a moviemaking factory for Uncle Sam.

Made educational, training, fund-raising, and morale-building films.

Used the Seven Dwarfs to sell war bonds Donald Duck to inspire Americans to pay

their taxes on time

Transformed his cartoon studio into a moviemaking factory for Uncle Sam.

Made educational, training, fund-raising, and morale-building films.

Used the Seven Dwarfs to sell war bonds Donald Duck to inspire Americans to pay

their taxes on time

Walt Disney Wartime Propaganda

Walt Disney Wartime Propaganda

Japanese American Internment Camps

Japanese American Internment Camps

What does internment mean? What is an Executive Order? (9066) What motivated FDR to issue the order?

National security Military necessity Wartime hysteria

What does internment mean? What is an Executive Order? (9066) What motivated FDR to issue the order?

National security Military necessity Wartime hysteria

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.





Internment CampsInternment Camps

110,000-120,000 interned 10 camps California, Washington, Oregon, Arizona Issei: Japanese born (first generation) Nisei: Children of Issei (second generation) http://www.asianamericanmedia

.org/jainternment/camps/questions.html

110,000-120,000 interned 10 camps California, Washington, Oregon, Arizona Issei: Japanese born (first generation) Nisei: Children of Issei (second generation) http://www.asianamericanmedia

.org/jainternment/camps/questions.html

http://www.asianamericanmedia.org/jainternment/camps/questions.html






European FrontEuropean Front

Dwight Eisenhower Supreme Allied

Commander in Europe Defeat Germany 1st Operation Torch

(invasion of North Africa)

Italian campaign

Dwight Eisenhower Supreme Allied

Commander in Europe Defeat Germany 1st Operation Torch

(invasion of North Africa)

Italian campaign



Mussolini’s DeathMussolini’s Death



D-Day (June 6, 1944)D-Day (June 6, 1944)

Objective: Free France from Germany 2 years planning U.S., British, Canadian troops landed along

60 mile stretch of beach (Normandy) Largest amphibious attack (3 million

troops) Five landings: Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno,

Sword beaches

Objective: Free France from Germany 2 years planning U.S., British, Canadian troops landed along

60 mile stretch of beach (Normandy) Largest amphibious attack (3 million

troops) Five landings: Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno,

Sword beaches







D-DayD-Day

D-Day deception at Calais

Phantom landing force Inflatable tanks,

dummy landing crafts Fooled Germans

temporarily to allow landing at Normandy

D-Day deception at Calais

Phantom landing force Inflatable tanks,

dummy landing crafts Fooled Germans

temporarily to allow landing at Normandy



American Experience websiteAmerican Experience website

Origins of “D-Day” Paratroopers Letters sent home describing the landing http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/dday/

Origins of “D-Day” Paratroopers Letters sent home describing the landing http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/dday/

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/dday/

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/dday/

Germany DefeatedGermany Defeated

Last German offensive to stop Allies from entering Germany: Battle of Bulge

One month. Germans lost 120,000 troops April, 1945 Allies seize Berlin April 29,1945 Hitler marries Eva Braun April 30: Hitler shot himself and Braun

swallowed poison. Bodies burned. May 8, 1945: V-E Day

Last German offensive to stop Allies from entering Germany: Battle of Bulge

One month. Germans lost 120,000 troops April, 1945 Allies seize Berlin April 29,1945 Hitler marries Eva Braun April 30: Hitler shot himself and Braun

swallowed poison. Bodies burned. May 8, 1945: V-E Day

Yalta ConferenceYalta Conference

Feb. 1945: FDR, Churchill, Stalin met in Yalta, on the Black Sea.

Decisions made: Create a world peace-keeping organization at

the end of WW2 (United Nations) Soviets promised to enter the war against

Japan, 3 months after war ends in Europe “Free elections” in Soviet occupied Eastern

Europe

Feb. 1945: FDR, Churchill, Stalin met in Yalta, on the Black Sea.

Decisions made: Create a world peace-keeping organization at

the end of WW2 (United Nations) Soviets promised to enter the war against

Japan, 3 months after war ends in Europe “Free elections” in Soviet occupied Eastern

Europe



Pacific CampaignPacific Campaign

Douglas MacArthur: Supreme Allied Commander of the Pacific

Island hopping (strategy in Pacific)

Douglas MacArthur: Supreme Allied Commander of the Pacific

Island hopping (strategy in Pacific)





The Manhattan ProjectThe Manhattan Project

April 12, 1945: FDR’s dies Harry S. Truman becomes President A few days later, learns about the

Manhattan Project July 16, 1945: A-Bomb tested at Los

Alamos, New Mexico

April 12, 1945: FDR’s dies Harry S. Truman becomes President A few days later, learns about the

Manhattan Project July 16, 1945: A-Bomb tested at Los

Alamos, New Mexico



Little BoyLittle Boy

Aug. 6, 1945 Target: Hiroshima Carried by B-29

bomber: Enola Gay Uranium 235 Killed 75,000 Injured 68,000

Aug. 6, 1945 Target: Hiroshima Carried by B-29

bomber: Enola Gay Uranium 235 Killed 75,000 Injured 68,000





Fat ManFat Man

Aug. 9, 1945 Target: Nagasaki plutonium implosion-

type bomb. Over 200,000 died

resulting from injuries and radiation poison

Sept. 2, 1945 official surrender

Aug. 9, 1945 Target: Nagasaki plutonium implosion-

type bomb. Over 200,000 died

resulting from injuries and radiation poison

Sept. 2, 1945 official surrender





Truman’s JustificationsTruman’s Justifications

Japan unwilling to surrender; fight to their death (Kamakazi attitude)

Huge land invasion of Japan necessary War could last additional 5 years; 1 million

more lives lost Eliminate Soviet input in post war

negotiations

Japan unwilling to surrender; fight to their death (Kamakazi attitude)

Huge land invasion of Japan necessary War could last additional 5 years; 1 million

more lives lost Eliminate Soviet input in post war

negotiations

Nuremberg TrialsNuremberg Trials

1945-1949 Nuremberg, Germany 22 Nazi leaders tried for war crimes (crimes

against humanity) 12 sentenced to death. Rest to prison 200 lesser leaders found guilty First time a nation’s leaders held legally

responsible for their actions during wartime

1945-1949 Nuremberg, Germany 22 Nazi leaders tried for war crimes (crimes

against humanity) 12 sentenced to death. Rest to prison 200 lesser leaders found guilty First time a nation’s leaders held legally

responsible for their actions during wartime



Documents

World War Two Ways America Prepared for War. Selective Service Act Summer of 1940 First peacetime draft Men between 21 -- 35 Registered 16.5 million