一、概说：英语动词有两种语态，一种叫主动语态，一种叫被动语态。主动语态用于主动句，表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态用于被动句，表示主语是动作的承受者。二、被动语态的构成： 助动词 be+ 过去分词人称、数和时态的变化是通过 be 来体现的。

Write the past participles of the words:1.do____ 2. make_____3.take_____

4. spend____5.tell_____6.give_____

7.buy_____8.build_____9.catch____

10. finish___11. change__12.speak____

13.hold____ 14.write____ 15.hear____

16. see___ 17.keep____ 18.show____

19. grow__ 20.mend___ 21. break____

22.pay____ 23.teach____ 24.throw__

三、主动语态变成被动语态主动语态变被动语态的步骤：1 、将宾语变成主语，如果宾语是宾格，必须变回主格。 2 、把谓语动词变成被动结构，时态要跟原主动语态相符。 3 、原主语如果有必要留下，则用介词by 引导放在动词或动词短语之后，时间/ 地点状语之前。将主格改为宾格。 4 、时间和地点状语放在原位不变。

例如：

We study English in our school. 主语 谓语 宾语 地点状语 English is studied (by us) in our school.

(2) He tells stories every week.

Stories are told by him every week.

现以 give 作谓语动词为例，说明被动语态的构成。主动语态 give 被动语态 (be given)

一般现在时：give/gives am/is/are given

He buys a book in the book shop.

A book is bought by him in the bookshop.

一般过去时：gave was/were given

I gave the answer.

The answer was given by me.

He mended the bike yesterday.

The bike was mended by him yesterday.

1.Our school teaches English.

2.We play football here.

3.People take good care of trees in the city.

4.My father repaired the table in that room.

English is taught by our school.

Football is played by us here.

Trees are taken good care of by people in the city.

The table was repaired by my father in that room.

一般将来时：will/shall give will/shall be given

She will give some money.

Some money will be given by her.

They will finish the work tomorrow.

The work will be finished by them tomorrow.

5. We shall water the flowers every day.

6.They will build a new bridge over the river next year.

7.I borrowed the book from the library yesterday.

The flowers will be watered every day.

A new bridge will be built over the river by them next year.

The book was borrowed from the library by me yesterday.

现在完成时：have/has given have/has been given

She has given some milk.

Some milk has been given by her.

They have finished the housework.

The housework has been finished by them.

带情态动词：can/may/must/should give can/may/must/should be given

We can play the violin at the party.

The violin can be played by us at the party.

We can put our bikes here.

Our bikes can be put here.

Something must be done to help her.

8.They have finished their homework.

9.We should dig a hole for the young tree.

10.We must do something to help her.

Their homework has been finished by them.

A hole should be dug for the young tree by us.

Something must be done to help her.

8.They have finished their homework.

9.We should dig a hole for the young tree.

10.We must do something to help her.

Their homework has been finished by them.

A hole should be dug for the young tree by us.

三种特殊情况：1 、带双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）。常见的能接双宾语的动词有give, show, bring, lend, send, pass, hand, teach, tell 等，这些词与 to 搭配。还有 buy, make, draw 等，这些词与 for 搭配。2 、含宾语补足语。3 、带动词短语

（二）、主动语态变成被动语态应注意的三种特殊情况：1 、含有直接宾语和间接宾语时，一般把指“人”的间接宾语变为主语，指“ 物”的直接宾语保留不动。例如：He gave me a dictionary.

主 谓 间宾 直宾 I was given a dictionary by him.

A dictionary was given to me by him.

如果要将直接宾语（物）变为主语，那么在动词后直接宾语（人）前要用介词 to或 for 。例如： Mother bought us a big present yesterday.

A big present was bought for us by mother yesterday.

We were bought a big present by mother yesterday.

He showed me the ticket.

The ticket was showed to me by him.

含有宾语补足语的句子，宾语变为主语后，宾语补足语改为主语补足语，原来的位置一般不变。但如果宾语补足语是不带 to 的动词不定式，句子变成被动语态后则要加 to ，以便将两个动词隔开。例如：(1).His mother found Tom a very 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补good pupil.足语Tom was found a very good pupil by his mother.

Tom’s father saw Tom sitting on 主 谓 宾 宾语补足语some eggs.Tom was seen sitting on some eggs.(3).The girl saw a thief enter the 主 谓 宾 宾语补足语shop yesterday. 状语A thief was seen to enter the shop by the girl yesterday.

( 不带 to 的 enter 变被动后要加 to)主动语态中宾语补足语常不带 to 的短语有： make/let sb. do sth., hear sb. do sth., feel sb. do sth., see/watch/notice sb. do sth.

3. 除了单一的及物动词可以用于被动语态外，一些相当于及物动词的动词短语也可用于被动语态，使用时将整个短语看成一个动词，不能拆开。例：Someone turned off the lights.The lights were turned off (by someone).

11.Our teacher told us an interesting story yesterday afternoon.( 两种 )We were told an interesting storyby our teacher yesterday afternoon.An interesting story was told to us yesterday afternoon.

12.My elder sister bought me a new pencil-box yesterday. ( 两种 )

I was bought a new pencil-box by my elder sister yesterday.A new pencil-box was bought for me yesterday.

13.The boss made them work 15 hours a day.(make sb do sth)

They were made to work 15 hours a day.

14.We saw a lot of students playing football on the playground.(see sb doing sth)

15.We often heard him sing in the next room.(hear sb do sth)

A lot of students were seen playing football on the playground.

He was often heard to sing by us In the next room.

16.Alice looked after her mother at home.

17.Jim will give us a talk tomorrow.

Her mother was looked after by Alice at home.

We will be given a talk tomorrow.

A talk will be given to us tomorrow.

Passive Voice一、 ACCCC CBCCA二、 1.The family name is put first by

us in China.2.The stick was dropped on the grou

nd by the runner.3.The library book has just been fou

nd by me.4.I am called Lily by them sometimes.5.The boy was made to stop crying b

y this.

6.The workers were made to work all day long by the boss.

7.I was given a piece of white paper by him just now.

A piece of white paper was given to me by him just now.

8.He can be explained this in a little while.

This can be explained to him in a little while.

9.Jack is heard to sing outside his house every morning.

三、 BCBBD DADC CADAC被动语态专项训练：1.may be held2.can be used3.can be made 4.must be hand in5.must be sold out6.should be finished7.must be paid8.be punished

9.can be afforded10.will be built11.be taken12.will be saved up13.be taught14.be taught15.is thought16.aren’t allowed17.are delivered18.is made 19.is cleaned

20.is sold21.Are washed22.was made23.were stolen 24.was made 25.was wasted26.was broken, has been broken27.has been called out was called out28.has been stolen,has been lost

1.She was told the good news by her teacher as soon as she arrived./

The good news was told to her by her teacher as soon as she arrived.

2.Trains are made in Zhuzhou. 3.His brother was helped to learn Eng

lish by him.4.Nobody was found in by him.5.A lot of new houses have been put

up by the workers in my village.6.The room must be kept clean by yo

u every day.

7.The picture will be finished by her in half an hour.

8.French is spoken in Pairs.9.They were made to give up the trip

by the bad weather.10.Salt is produced in Jiangxi.11.Flowers should often be watered.12.These books have been returned t

o the library by him.13.I was given a calculator on my bir

thday./ A calculator was given to me on m

y birthday.

14.Can more trees be planted by them this year?

15.Radios are used for listening to the the news .

16.He was asked to sing a song.17.The blackboard must be cleaned

before class.18.The new road was built by the

worker in our hometown last year.19.The letter was posted last week.20.A report was written by him.21.A song was sung in English.

22.She was heard to sing an English song.

23.The exercises have been finished.24.The work must be finished at

once.25.His radio can be mended in an

hour.26.The old newspaper should be

done with by you.27.The door is going to be closed.28.The baby is going to be looked

after.

29.His temperature is going to be taken by the nurse.

30.The trees are going to be watered.31.The work has been done by them.32.The students were given some

advice by the teacher./ Some advice was given to the

students by the teacher.II.1.The classroom should be cleaned

every day.2.The dictionary is written in English.

3.The book is written by our English.4.A lot of work can be done in the

computer.5.He was asked to answer some

questions by the teacher.6.Li Ming was seen to leave the

classroom.7.The children was taken good care

of by them.8.The trees can be planted in the

park.9.They were seen to run away.

III.1.be understood 2.be done 3.will be decorated 4.wasn’t invited 5.will be given/is going to given 6.be taken 7.happens 8.was told 9.is spoken, speak 10.took place

IV.1.has been to for 2.has been read 3.have been just drawn 4.is taken 5.will be given to 6.If you won’t 7.Is heard to 8.wasn’t borrowed 9.has he 10.is he 11.told not to meet 12.Neither parents has

13.Don’t eat or 14.brought to 15.hear apologize 16.heard to V.BBACD DCCCA BCBCC DACBD AC