X GN = H - Planning Commissionplanningcommission.nic.in/hindi/plans/mta/hmta97_02/hmtach6.pdf · gnv nx hvd x m>nuv jt @ exgn gn n=8r x y\[ y\[ gn = hnvd gv l hvd ig n wnun )nn$ pqnjm

$Page 1: X GN = H - Planning Commissionplanningcommission.nic.in/hindi/plans/mta/hmta97_02/hmtach6.pdf · gnv nx hvd x m>nuv jt @ exgn gn n=8r x y\[ y\[ gn = hnvd gv l hvd ig n wnun )nn$ pqnjm$
[ ¿� ª ^ �6 � � «� � »9 [ % ( · Y�

� ¡Y % ( · ±º� �% ([

193

Y��N� �

[MKFK P8HZ\X GN�=�H

[MKFK GN P8HZ\X YN�NVIWU YNI)N=G IRGNO GK �G L]HT>N STXN6UK FXN JTYN J6$YNI)N=G ODRCI� YN6M [MKFK GNV GH GMXV GV FNMV HVD IRI+N8X MN7�NVD GV YXT+NR EUXV I+N8XI+N8XJ6D IG EOGN GNVE= �G ONHN8� XKIU[U E\NW L]/UTU GMXN FJTU GI%X J6$ GE= �VOV MN7� J6DIW8JNVDXV P3S GCI�N IRGNO GN HN[= YLXN�N J6 YN6M [MKFK GNV GH GMXV HVD O4\UN L]N,U GKJ6 ÑLDWNF YN6M JIM�N�NNÐ YN6M �VOV MN7� +NK J6D IW8JNVDXV HNXR ODON�NX IRGNO LM ��NX GVI8Q]UGMGV [MKFK HVD GHK GK J6 ÑGVM\Ð$ �VOV +NK MN7� J6D IW8JNVDXV WNVMQNM UMKGV OV +NZIH OT�NNMIG� J6D@ LDSN�UNVD GNV NIl L]QNX GK J6@ \NV[NVD GNV OD[I%U IG�N J6 YN6M [MKFKYLNHXGN�=�HNVD GNV L]+NNRGNMK �L OV I��NI8RU IG�N J6 ÑLISH FD[N\Ð YN6M �VOV MN7� +NK J6D@IW8JNVDXV >NN_N8XNVD GV ONR=WIXG IRUM�N GV �L HVD OK�NK OMGNMK GNM=RNE= `NMN [MKFK HVD GHKGK J6 ÑYN8�N] L]QVNÐ$

�� GV QNG HVD [MKFK HVD GN4K GHK JTE= )NK$ \VIGX JN\ GV YXTHNXNVD OV LUNS\UN J6 IG XN6RKD �NVWXN HVD [MKFK GK MV>NN OV XKSV MJXV RN\V \NV[NVD GV YXTLNU YN6M PXGKOD>�N HVD GHK GMXV GV \^� �NVWXN GK YRI�N GV LJ\V QNV R�NNV� HVD L]N,U XJKD JT� J6D$ �_ILEOGV I\� YLV^NNGCU YI�NG [JMNE= OV IR\V�N�N GMXV GK YNR�GUN J6@ \VIGX EOGVOD+NNIRU GNM�N �V JNV OGUV J6D�

• MN7� OMGNMNVD GNV LVN YN MJN YNI)N=G ODG9@ IWOGV LIM�NNH/R�L ONHNIWG^NV GNVD LM GH >NS= IG�N [�N J6@

• GCI�N YN6M IRNV�N �L OV >NN_N8XNVD GV P5LNQX HVD RCI� GK [IU �NKHK JNV WNXN YN6MGCI�N GN IRGNO GH 2�NLG �L OV JNVXN@

• GCI�N ^NV G HVD MNVW[NM GK O"NXUN HVD GHK YN6M RN/UIRG HWQZMK HVD GH RCI�@• P¿NMK YN6M LZRK= MN7�NVD HVD OFOV [MKF \NV[NVD UG LJTDSXV HVD \^�[U ONR=WIXG

IRUM�N L]�NN\K GK YO4\UN@• GCI�NI+N8X ^NV G HVD X[�� IR/UNM@ YN6M• [MKFK YLNHX YN6M RN9MNV0 IRGNO GK /GKHNVD GN YGTN\UNLZ�N= GN�=SN\X$

�� SZDIG �J GN�= FJTU YI�NG IRNN\ YN6M LVSKQN J6@ EOI\� XN6RKD LDSR�NK=� �NVWXN HVDEOGV I\� �G FJTHN[= RN\K XKIU GK LIMG<LXN GK [E= )NK$ [MKFK OV IXL9XV HVD P3SYNI)N=G ODRCI� GK +NZIHGN GNV /RKGNM GMXV GV Y\NRN@ EO GN�=XKIU HVD JG�QNIM�NVD GN IXHN=�NGMXN Ñ/RMNVW[NM YN6M HWQZMKMNVW[NM GK /GKHNVD@ >NN_ OTM^NN YN6M ONHNIWG OTM^NN GVWIM�Ð YN6M ^NHUNYNVD GN IXHN=�N GMXN ÑIN^NN@ /RN/)� YN6M YNRNO W6OK FTIX�NQK 8�ZXUHOVRNYNVD GV WIM�Ð NNIH\ )NN$ �NVWXN HVD NNOX GV HTtNVD GK YNVM +NK ��NX IQ�N [�N )NN@IWOHVD [MKFK GH GMXV GV OFOV YI�NG GNM[M IRUM�N UD ÑI0I\RMK HVGVIX7HÐ GV �L HVDLDSN�UK MNW OD/)NNYNVD GK YI�NG +NN[KQNIMUN GK LIMG<LXN GK [E= )NK$ EO Y��N� HVD [MKFKGNV GH GMXV HVD []NHK�N IRGNO IR+NN[ GV GN�=�HNVD GK L]+NNRGNIMUN LM SSN= GK [E= J6$

�GKGCU []NHK�N IRGNO GN�=�H

�� GKGCU []NHK�N IRGNO GN�=�H �� HVD QVN GV O+NK >ND0NVD Ñ&\NGÐ HVD NT� IG�N[�N )NN YN6M �J LJ\K YL]6\@ �� UG �G L]HT>N /RMNVW[NM /GKH GV �L HVD WNMK MJN$UF EOGN LTX[=%X IG�N [�N YN6M EOV /R�N= W�8UK []NH /RMNVW[NM �NVWXN Ñ�O WK �ORNE=Ð GV ON)N IH\N IQ�N [�N@ IWOGN PtV� []NHK�N [MKFNVD GV I\� /RMNVW[NM GK 2�R/)NN

[ ¿� ª ^ �6 � � «� � »9 [ % ( · Y�

� ¡Y % ( · ±º� �% ([

194

GMXN )NN$ EO PtV� GNV �VOK P5LNQG LIMO(LI¿N�NVD Y)NRN PL�Tl GN6N\ L]N,U GMGV IG�NWN�[N@ IWOOV OUU YN�NNM LM YIUIM'U YN� GN OCWX JNV@ UNIG RV \NV[ [MKFK GK MV>NNGNV LNM GM OGVD$ IL1\V FKO R�NNV� HVD GN4K YI�NG IRGNO YN6M YNE= YNM 0K LK HVD +NNMKIXRVN GV FNRWZQ@ []NHK�N [MKF LIMRNMNVD GK OD>�N IXM8UM �� IHI\�X LM I/)NM FXK MJK J6$EO GN�=�H GV NT� JNVXV GV OH� OV \VGM �� UG YNE= YNM 0K LK GV Y8U[=U ��IHI\�X LIMRNMNVD GNV GRM IG�N[�N J6 YN6M ��@�� GMNV0� �L� GN 2�� IG�N [�N J6$ XN6RKD�NVWXN GV LJ\V QNV R�NNVV� Ñ�� YN6M ��Ð GV QN6MNX@ \[+N[ �� IHI\�X LIMRNMNVDGNV GRM IG� WNXV GK IMLNV9= J6@ IWXHVD OV �� L]IUNU LIMRNM YXTOZISU WNIU�NVD# YXTOZISUWXWNIU�NVD GV )NV YN6M �� L]IUNU HIJ\N�D )NKD$ EO YRI�N HVD GT\ �@�� GMNV0� �L� GKOI&O0K NNIH\ )NK$

�� GKGCU []NHK�N IRGNO GN�=�H GN NNV�NG¿NN=YNVD@ IR`NXNVD@ IRI+N8X MN�9�K� OD/)NNYNVD YN6MY8UMN=�9�K� OD[%XNVD `NMN 2�NLG �L OV HZ<�NDGX IG�N [�N J6$ P8JNVDXV EOGK GE=YR�NNM�NN5HG YN6M L]NNOIXG OH/�NYNVD GK YNVM ��NX IQ\N�N J6$ YNE= YNM 0K LK GV GE=O(F� GN�=�H J6D@ W6OV /RMNVW[NM GV I\� []NHK�N �TRNYNVD GN L]IN^N�N Ñ9�NEOVHÐ@ []NHK�N^NV NVD HVD HIJ\N YN6MFN\ IRGNO Ñ0K 0&<�Z OK YNM �Ð@ [D[N G<�N�N �NVWXN@ QO \N>N GTYNVDGK /GKH Ñ�H 0&<�Z �OÐ YN6M []NHK�N Q/UGNMNVD GNV OT�NMV 9Z\IG9NVD GK O,\NE= Ñ�O YNE= 9KYNM �Ð$ ONHZIJG �L OV@ �V FJTIR�N GN�=�HNVD GN �G ONDSN J6@ IWXGV FKS YLVI^NU OD�NVWXNVDGN Y+NR J6$ OUU YN� OCWX GV ORNV=LIM PtV� GNV ��NX HVD X M>NUV JT�@ EXGN GN�N=8R�XY\[Y\[ GN�=�HNVD GV �L HVD IG�N WNUN )NN$ PQNJM�N GV �L HVD@ YNE= YNM 0K LK GVGVR\ � L]IUNU \N+N+NNVI[�NVD GNV 9�NEOVH GV Y8U[=U L]IN^N�N L]N,U JTYN YN6M EO L]GNML]INI^NU GVR\ �� L]IUNU GNV YNE= YNM 0K LK GV Y8U[=U OJN�UN QK [E=$

�� X GVR\ IRI+N8X GN�=�HNVD GV FKS GNVE= OD�NVWX XJKD J6@ FI<G Y8� IR+NN[NVD GV ON)NUN\HV\ GN +NK Y+NNR J6$ YNE= YNM 0K LK YN6M O(F� GN�=�HNVD GN OUU GCI�N IRGNO GKOHOZSK GN�=XKIU Y)NRN []NHK�N YN6_NV[KGM�N GK GN�=XKIU GV ON)N Y)NRN ^NV GV ODON�NXYN�NNM GV ON)N L�N=,U �L OV UN\HV\ XJKD IF%N�N [�N J6$ R/UTU�@ WHKX >NMKQXV GV I\�FJTU GH B�N IQ� [� J6D$ EO �GKGM�N GV X JNVXV OV YN6M L]N6_NVI[GK� U)NN OD/)NN5HG^NHUNYNVD GV Y+NNR OV EX GN�=�HNVD GK GN�=XKIU YN6M EXGV I0WNEX LM JK L]XIS�X \[[�N J6$

�� YN6OU L]IU LIMRNM IXRVN PL �NI8UG /UMNVD LM FXN MJN YN6M RJ GN�=�HNVD GVPtV�NVD GV YXTONM �� L� L]IU LIMRNM GK YN� GN OCWX GMXV GV I\� Y5�8U YL�N=,U)NN$ YN%RKD �NVWXN GV NT� GV OH� �J IXRVN �@�� GMNV0� �L� )NN$ XN6RKD �NVWXN GV NT�GV OH� �J IXRVN ��@�� GMNV0� �L� GN )NN@ \VIGX �J MNIN +NK RN/UIRG �L HVD FJTUcDSK XJKD )NK$ HTQ]N/4KIU GK L]RCI¿N�NVD GK F��UK JTE= \N[U GNV QV>NUV JT�@ L]IU LIMRNM IXRVNGK EUXK GH MNIN OV IXM8UM YN�NNM LM L�N=,U YN� GV OCWX GV I\� O^NH LIM�NVWXNYNVDGK IR¿N 2�R/)NN XJKD GK WN OGUK$

�� VOK FTIX�NQK �L OV [6MO^NH LIM�NVWXNYNVD GN L]F8�N YNHUN6M LM YXL�� YN6M [6MIXLT�NUNL]N,U \N+N+NNVI[�NVD GV JN)N HVD JNVUN )NN@ IW8JVD EO L]GNM GV P_H GN L]F8�N GMXV GNIL1\N GNVE= YXT+NR XJKD )NN@ Y)NRN FJTU GH YXT+NR )NN$ \VIGX �J Y8UIX=IJU �NNM�NN )NKIG ODD+NNRK \N+N+NNVI[�NVD GV LNO O^NH IRG<LNVD GN STXNR GMXV GN .NX YN6M GN6N\ J6@ G3SVHN\ UG PXGK LJTDS J6 YN6M P8JVD P5LNQNVD GK HNIG=9NVD GV /R�L GK WNXGNMK J6$ LMRN/UIRGUN �J XJKD )NK YNE= YNM 0K LK HVD [MKFNVD GK Y�NV;�UNYNVD YN6M YOH)N=UNYNVD GNV@

[ ¿� ª ^ �6 � � «� � »9 [ % ( · Y�

� ¡Y % ( · ±º� �% ([

195

IRNV�N �L OV OHNW GV IX�N=� \VXV GK L]I��N OV P8JVD FNJM M>NV WNXV GK FNU GNV ��NX HVDXJKD M>NN [�N$ EOGV LIM�NNH/R�L@ FJTU OV \N+N+NNV[K LIMO(LI¿N GNV FJTU QVM UG YLXVLNO XJKD M>N OGV@ YN6M �VOV GT1 \NV[@ IW8JNVDXV POV OD+NN\V M>NN P8JVD POOV PUXK YN� XJKDJNVUK )NK@ IG POOV RJ [MKFK GK MV>NN GNV LNM GM LNUV$ EOGV IRLMKU@ WJND FTIX�NQK �NDSNIR_HNX )NN YN6M HNGV=9 +N\K +NNDIU IRGIOU )NKD@ RJND YNE= YNM 0K LK GNV YI�NG O4\UNL]N,U JTE=$ �V RV ^NV )NV@ WJND FJTU OV \NV[NVD XV OI&O0K GV IFXN +NK GNH�N8�NV NT� IG� JNVUV$

�� F6DGNVD `NMN B�N IQ�N WNXN +NK �G GI%XNE= FXN MJN J6$ SZG GV 0M OV F6DGNVD XVYLV^NNGCU >NTNJN\ YNRVQGNVD GNV B�N IQ� WNV YLXK LIM�NVWXNYNVD GNV S\N OGUV )NV Y)NRN�VOV SN\NG 2�I'U�NVD GNV B�N IQ�@ WNV F6DGNVD GV ON)N OND%[ND% GMGV OI&O0K GV YDN GNVJ0�L WNUV )NV YN6M F6DGNVD GNV B�N STGUN GM IQ�N GMUV )NV$ EOGV Y\NRN@ XN6GMNNJK GKL]I��N�D FJTU WI9\ YN6M \N+N+NNVI[�NVD GK OH! OV FNJM )NKD$

�� OZ!FZ! YN6M YN�NVWX GV Y+NNR GV GNM�N GIUL� LIM�NVWXNYNVD GV I\� B�N GK HND[NVDGK +NMHNM \[ [E=$ GN4K \(FV OH� UG@ YNE= YNM 0K LK GNV QT�NN� LNTYNVD GV IRUM�N GK/GKH GV �L HVD QV>NN WNUN MJN@ IWOHVD EO FNU GN ��NX XJKD M>NN [�N IG '�N EUXNYNJNM YN6M SNMN U)NN LNT ISIG5ON PL\&�N JNV[K �N XJKD YN6M '�N P5LNQNVD GK GNVE= HND[Y)NRN HNGV=9 J6 �N XJKD$ EOGN XUKWN �J JTYN IG F6DGNVD@ &\NG YI�NGNIM�NVD YN6M \N+N+NNVI[�NVDGK IH\K+N[U OV@ OI&O0K L]N,U GMXV GV L]�NVWX OV@ �G JK LNT GN FNMFNM IRIXH� JNVUNMJN$ YF I/)NIU HVD UFQK\K YNE= J6 YN6M YF I`UK�G YN6M UCUK�G ^NV G GV I��NG\NLNVD LMYI�NG WNVM IQ�N WNUN J6$ \VIGX@ YIUB�NQNX GV GNM�N@ EX ^NV GNVD HVD HTXN4V RN\V GNH�N8�NNVD GK OD>�N SMH I/)NIU HVD LJTDS WNUK J6$ FTIX�NQK OH/�N�D J6D@ HND[ GV IR\V�N�N YN6MIXIR�9�NVD GK PL\&�NUN GN Y+NNR$

�� []NH LDSN�UNVD `NMN [MKFK GK MV>NN OV XKSV GV LIMRNMNVD GK LJSNX IG� WNXV GV IR/UCUHNXQD0 JNVXV GV FNRWZQ@ YNE= YNM 0K LK YLXV \^�[U OHZJNVD UG LZMK UMJ XJKD LJTDS OGNJ6$ �VOV PQNJM�N GH XJKD J6D@ WJND YHKM \NV[ STXV [� J6D YN6M [MKF 1NV0� IQ� [� J6D$

�� NXMNIN�NVD GK SNVMK@ �NXMNIN�NVD GN [\U PL�NV[@ GN�=�H GV HN[= IXQV=NNVD GNP<\D"NX@ \^�[U OHZJ GV �L HVD O(L8X \NV[NVD GN S�X@ \V>NNYNVD GN PL�Tl �L OV X M>NNWNXN@ "NI9�N IG/H GK LIMO(LI¿N�ND EX OF FNUNVD GNV IRI+N8X Y��XNVD HVD YI+N\V>NF� IG�N[�N J6 ÑQVI>N� FN'O �Ð$

FN'O � � YNE= YNM 0K LK GN �NX [6M [MKFNVD GV LNO S\N WNUN J6

+N]�9NSNM YN6M IFSN6I\�NVD GNV L6ON I>N\NXV GK IMLNV9V� 2�N,U )NKD� YN6M FJTU GH LIMRNMNVD XV P5LNQG L]�NVWXNVD GV I\� �NX GN PL�NV[ GMXV GN QNRN IG�N )NN$

PQNJM�N GV I\�@ LISH FD[N\ GV FNDGTMN IW�\V GV �� [MKF LIMRNMNVD GV YXT+NR GK OHK^NN HVD YNE= YNM 0K LK GV Y8U[=U \^�[U OHZJ GNV XTGONX

LJTDSNXV RN\V YXVG L]GNM GV GQNSNMNVD GV PQNJM�N QV>NXV GNV IH\V$ EO XHZXV HVD F6GNVD XV L]+NNMNVD GV �L HVD B�N GK �� L]IUNU GK MNIN GK G9N6UK [\U

�L OV GK )NK@ YN6M FJTU OV \N+N+NNVI[�NVD GNV FUN�N [�N Y)NRN PXGK �J �NNM�NN )NK IG P8JVD B�N GV +NN[ GK RNLOK YQN�[K XJKD GMXK J6$

EOGV Y\NRN@ IFSN6I\�NVD XV B�N YN�NNIMU [MKFK IRMNV�NK GN�=�HNVD GK OI&OI0�NVD GNV J0�L I\�N @ IWOOV EX \VXQVXNVD GK \N[U F�� [E=$ UIH\XN0T HVD

�� GHWNVM GW=QNMNVD GV XHZXV \VXV OV LUN S\N IG OI&O0K GV L]5�VG �� L� HVD ÊYXT�ND[K 2�� YN6M Ê/LK0# I'RG Y)NRN LTN HXK� GN IJ/ON ��

�L� )NN$ EO XHZXV GV \[+N[ QNV IUJNE= \NV[NVD XV ONHN8� 2�� GNV LZMN GMXV GV Y\NRN@ OI&O0K GV I\� ÊGN�= GMXV� YN6M ÊUTMDU �NX� GHNXV GK

WNXGNMK QK$ EO L]GNM GK ÊIX�NN=IMU� \VXQVX O(F8�NK \N[U@ SNJV RJ R6�N JNV@ X GVR\ FJTU YI�NG )NK@ FI<G YDUIX=IJU �L OV L]IU[NHK +NK )NK$

�G Y8� HNH\N Y��X Ñ[D[NW\"NN9K YN6M MNXK FND�NÐ HVD YNE= YNM 0K LK GN GNVE= +NK \N+N+NNV[K LN UN GK GON6I9�NVD LM LZMN XJKD PUMUN )NN$ P8JVD

GN�=�H GV Y8U[=U@ Y8� GNM�NNVD GV Y\NRN@ EX GNM�NNVD OV NNIH\ IG�N [�N� MNWX6IUG J/U^NVL@ PL�Tl OZSXN L]�NN\K GN Y+NNR YN6M F6DGNVD GV GT1

YI�NGNIM�NVD `NMN RNLOK YQN�[K GV "NI9�N IMGN0= GNV YXQV>NN GMXV GN 46O\N$ GN�=�H GV \N+N+NNVI[�NVD `NMN FGIM�NVD GV �L HVD B�N L]N,U GMXV GV

FNQ@ E8JVD FVS IQ�N WNUN )NN YN6M POOV L]N,U MGH GN PL�NV[ Y8� L]�NVWXNVD GV I\� IG�N WNUN )NN$ EOGV Y\NRN EO E\NGV HVD FGIM�NVD GK EUXK GHK

)NK IG FGIM�NVD GK YN�NVIWU OD>�N LZMK XJKD GK WN OGK$ \NVJNMI[MK YN6M F��E=I[MK W6OK /GKHNVD GNV G3SV HN\ GK O,\NE= YN6M IRL�NX GK PL�Tl

OTIR�NNYNVD GV Y+NNR W6OK GI%XNE�NVD GN ONHXN GMXN L0�N$

O]NVU� �M\ 4NEXVDO IMLNV9=@ IRR F6DG@ ��

[ ¿� ª ^ �6 � � «� � »9 [ % ( · Y�

� ¡Y % ( · ±º� �% ([

196

�� FJTU OV MN7�NVD HVD �GKGCU []NHK�N IRGNO GN�=�H GN �G IS8UNWXG LJ\Z J6@ POGV\N+N+NNVI[�NVD GK F��UK JTE= GW=QNMK$ YXVG HNH\NVD HVD@ \N+N+NNVI[�NVD GNV YNE= YNM 0K LK GV B�NGNV STGNXV YN6M GNXZXK GNM=RNE= OV FSXV GV I\� FJTU YI�NG cDSK QM LM GW= \VXN L0�N$YNE= YNM 0K LK GV EO YXSNJV LIM�NNH GV GNM�N@ \N+N+NNVI[�NVD GNV [MKFK GK MV>NN OV cLMP%NXV GK LIM�NVWXNYNVD GK ^NHUN GV FNMV HVD [(+NKM O8QVJ P5L8X JNV [�N J6$

�� B�N []/UUN HVD RCI� GV QNV GNM�N J6D$ LJ\N �J IG GN�=�H HVD \N+N+NNVI[�NVD GKPL+NNV[ O(F8�NK YNR�GUNYNVD GK YXQV>NK GK [E= J6� EOGV GNM�N LIM�NVWXN B�N GNPL�NV[ PL+NNV[ O(F8�NK W�MUNVD GV I\� GM I\�N WNUN J6$ QZOMV@ YIU\"NT ÑHNE�NVÐ P_HNVDGV �G FNM /)NNILU JNV WNXV GV FNQ@ �J QV>NXV GK GNVE= 2�R/)NN XJKD J6 IG �V P_H IRL�NXYN6M GN�=SN\X LZDWK GK OH/�NYNVD GNV IGO L]GNM J\ GMUV J6D$ LIM�NNHU�@ EXHVD OV FJTU OV�ZIX9NVD GNV "NN9N JNVXV \[UN J6 YN6M \N+N+NNV[K B�N[/U JNV WNUN J6$

�� [MKFNVD GK B�N []/UUN GV GNM�N YN6M 1NV9V B�N GMNMNVD GV HZ<�NDGX@ HNXK9IMD[ YN6MP8JVD \N[Z GMXV GK cDSK \N[U GV GNM�N@ YNE= YNM 0K LK GV WIM� [MKFK "N9NXV GK[TDWNEN F0�K OKIHU J6$ LJ\K OKHN@ IO�N8U �L HVD@ OI&O0K GV WIM� L]IUODUTI\U JNVWNUK J6@ \VIGX EOOV OHC� B�NGUN= /GKH GK YNVM YNGI�N=U JNVUV J6D YN6M EO L]GNMMNWX6IUG YN6M L]NNOIXG OH/�N�D L6QN JNVUK J6D$ OI&O0K GV YDN GV GNM�N@ �J FUN�N [�NJ6 IG IXS\V /UM GV LQNI�NGNIM�NVD `NMN ÑWNV �J L]HN�NL QVUV J6D IG \N+N+NNV[K [MKFK GKMV>NN OV XKSV GV J6DÐ@ F6DG GH=SNIM�NVD `NMN YN6M /R�D B�NG¿NN=YNVD `NMN F0�V L6HNXV LM +N]�9NSNMIG�N WNUN J6$ GT1 B�NG¿NN= YLXK LIMO(LI¿N�ND FVS QVUV J6D YN6M OI&O0K GNV YLXK WVF HVD0N\ \VUV J6D YN6M GE= Y8� \^�[U OHZJ OV I+N8X B�NG¿NN=YNVD GK YNVM OV LMNV^NK ÑL]NROKÐ GV�L HVD B�N \V \VUV J6D$

�� \N+N+NNVI[�NVD GV I\� Y'OM FJTU F0�K OD>�N HVD QT�NN� LNT@ LNT HV\NVD HVD �G JK OH�EGsV >NMKQV WNUV J6D@ IWOOV PXGV QNHNVD HVD F��NVUMK JNV WNUK J6$ IR¿NLNVI�NU LIMO(LI¿N GK'RNI\9K YN6M POGV QNH U)NN POGV FNWNM+NNR GV FKS GV Y8UM YN6M POGV ON)NON)NOH� GK \N[U YN6M WVF>NS= YN6M IFSN6I\�NVD GNV GK WNXV RN\K YQN�I[�NVD OV@ B�NG¿NN= GVI\� ON6QV GK \N[U HVD YXTHNXU� �� L]IUNU GK RCI� JNV WNUK J6$ EO L]GNM@ �_IL EOGN�=�H GV Y8U[=U F6DGB�N GK FNWNMQM �� L]IUNU JNVUK J6@ \VIGX L]+NNRK QM �� YN6M�� L]IUNU L0�UK J6$ EOOV OI&O0K GK YN6OU �GIUJNE= MNIN LZMK UMJ XGNMK WNUK J6$

�� [MKF \NV[ LIMO(LI¿N GN PL�NV[ GE= GNM�NNVD OV XJKD GM LNUV@ IWXHVD �G HJ¿RLZ�N=GNMG J6@ FNWNMNVD ÑHNIG=9Ð LM IX�D �N GN Y+NNR$ [MKF \NV[ IRL�NX\N[UNVD YN6M FKHNYROMNVD GK YIR+NN7�UN GV GNM�N LIMHN�N GK Y)N=2�R/)NN ÑEGNXHK YN4 /GV\Ð GN \N+N XJKDP%N LNUV$ P5LNQX YN6M LZDWK FNWNMNVD GV LM/LM WT0�V JNVXV@ HZ<�R�N=X GK L]N6_NVI[IG�NVD GVY+NNR@ "NI9�N OD[%XN5HG YN�NNM YN6M GE= FNM OMGNMK XKIU�NVD GV GNM�N +NK@ WNV [MKFK GNVL]IUGZ\ �L OV L]+NNIRU GMUK J6D@ [MKFNVD GNV YLXV P5LNQNVD GV QNH GH IH\UV J6D$ [6M OMGNMK OD[%XNVD OIJU O+NK WNVI>NH�NNIM�NVD Ñ/9VGJNV<0MÐ GNV NNIH\ GMXV GV OTIX�NVIWUL]�NO GMGV EX OH/�NYNVD GN OHN�NNX GMXV GK W�MU J6$

�� YI�NGUM [MKF \NV[@ P5LNQNVD YN6M -H GK YIUN� IR>NDI0U HNIG=9 GV �G FJTUOKIHU >ND0 HVD GN�= GMUV J6D YN6M EOI\� PXGV P5LNQNVD GK HND[ W<QK JK LIMLZ�N= JNV WNUKJ6$ EO GN�=�H GNV OHC� FTIX�NQK �NDSV RN\V ^NV NVD HVD YN6M YNI)N=G QCI�9 OV >NTNJN\ 2�I'U�NVDGV HNH\V HVD YI�NG O4\UN IH\K$

[ ¿� ª ^ �6 � � «� � »9 [ % ( · Y�

� ¡Y % ( · ±º� �% ([

197

�� GT\ IH\NGM@ YNE= YNM 0K LK GK FTIX�NQK �NNM�NN TI9LZ�N= FXK JTE= J6$ OI&OI0�NVD LM>NS= GK [E= IRNN\ MNIN@ WNV YI�NGNDNU� \N+N+NNVI[�NVD GNV L]N,U XJKD JTE=@ �IQ RN9MNV0IRGNO@ []NHK�N FTIX�NQK �NDSV YN6M ONHNIWG OTM^NN LM >NS= GK WNUK@ UNV FVJUM JNVUN$ EXHVDOV L])NH QNV HVD B�N GV LIM�NNH/R�L YIXRN�= �L OV RCI� JNVXK JNVUK J6 YN6M UKOMN PX\NV[NVD GV I\� WNV RC�NR/)NN Y)NRN YNlUN GV GNM�N GNVE= \"NT P_H XJKD S\N OGUV@ B�NGN �G IRG<L J6$

�� QZOMV@ YNE= YNM 0K LK EO FTIX�NQK [\U YR�NNM�NN GN INGNM J6 IG B�N HTJ6�NGMXN@ B�NQNUN YN6M B�NGUN= GV FKS �G OUU O(F8�N GK FWN�@ GVR\ �G FNM "NI9UJNVXV RN\K "N9XN J6$ �J YLV^NN GMXN Y�)NN)N=LZ�N= JNV[N IG B�NG¿NN=YNVD GK FJTU F0�K OD>�NB�N GV GVR\ �G E8WV'NX OV Ñ�JND LM EO HVI0G\ N&QNR\K GN L]�NV[ IRNV�N HJ¿R J6ÐÊYN[V IXG\ Ñ[]VWT�9Ð� WN�[K$ YNE= YNM 0K LK GV IRLMKU@ []NHK�N F6DGNVD HVD YI�NGUMB�NGUN= 1NV9V B�NNVD OV NT�YNU GMUV J6D YN6M W6OVW6OV O(F8�NNVD HVD OT�NNM JNVUN J6@ F6DG POK2�I'U GNV YN6M B�N QV QVUN J6 ROZ\K Y'OM X� B�NNVD GV ON)NON)N GK WNUK J6$ EOUMKGV OV [MKF \NV[NVD GK B�N GV E/UVHN\ GMXV GK ^NHUN HVD +NK RCI� JNVUK J6$ B�N STGNXVHVD POGN IJU +NK F�� WNUN J6$

�� UKOMV@ Y+NK +NK �VOV I��NG\NLNVD LM GH WNVM IQ�N WNUN J6@ IWXGV I\� IGOK I/)NMLIMO(LI¿N GK W�MU XJKD JNVUK@ W6OV 2�NLNM@ OVRN YN6M L]NVOVIOD[ GV O>U I��NG\NL$ +NNMUGV IRLMKU@ FD[\N QVN@ I4\KLKX YN6M XVLN\ HVD HNE�NV P_HNVD GV Y8� F0�V GN�=�HNVD GVY8U[=U 1NV9VHNV9V 2�NLNM YN6M OVRN O(F8�NK I��NG\NLNVD GN GN4K F0�K HN N HVD IR¿NLNV�N�NIG�N WNUN J6$ I��NG\NLNVD GV EO L]GNM GV IH-�N GNV@ WNV ORN=I�NG [MKF \NV[NVD GV I\�PL�Tl JNVUNJ6@ +NNMU HVD LIMO(LI¿N�NVD GV IXHN=�N GV L]IU HNVJ GV GNM�N JUNV5ONIJU IG�N WNUNJ6$ +NNMUK� L�IU GV Y8U[=U IR¿NLNV�N�N GNV GVR\ GT1 IG/HNVD GK YNWKIRGNYNVD UG ÑW6OVQT�NN� LNTÐ OKIHU GM IQ�N [�N J6@ IWOOV EXGK +NMHNM JNV [E= J6$ HND[ GV YXTONM B�NQVXV GV /)NNX LM@ F6DGNVD XV YLXV YNLGNV Y+NK UG ÊYXTHNVIQU� I��NG\NLNVD GK OZSK UGOKIHU M>NN J6$ WJN� UG HND[ GN O(F8�N J6@ GT1 \N+NGNMK P_H B�NNVD GK FJTU YI�NGOD>�N GV GNM�N W<QK JK UC,U JNV WNUV J6D$ P¿NM L]QVN HVD �G F6DG XV �� LIMRNMNVD RN\V �G[NDR HVD QTGNXVD >NNV\XV GV I\� �� B�N IQ�$

�� SN6)NV@ YNE= YNM 0K LK EO [\U �NNM�NN GV YN�NNM LM FSUNVD GK LZ�N=U�N PLV^NN GMUNJ6 IG [MKF \NV[ IF<GT\ FSU XJKD GM OGUV$ F6DGNVD `NMN P5LNQG L]�NVWXNVD GV I\� B�N GV/RKGN�= E/UVHN\ YN6M PL+NNV[ GV I\� EOGV Y/RKGN�= E/UVHN\ GV FKS WNV +NVQ IG�N WNUNJ6@ RJ [MKFK GV O8Q+N= HVD GCI H J6$ +NNMUK� [MKFNVD `NMN I\� WNXV RN\V \[+N[ QNVIUJNE=B�N PL+NNV[ GV L]�NVWXNVD GV RN/UV I\� WNUV J6D ÑWNV OF YXN6LSNIMG OV'9M OV I\� WNUV J6DÐ@IWXHVD OV UKXSN6)NNE= FKHNMK GV I\� YN6M GH GNHGNW RN\V HN6OH HVD "NMLIMRNM GKW�MUNVD GV I\� JNVUV J6D$ Y5�<L FSU GMXV GV I\� +NK L]NV5ONJX QVXV GK IGOK L]�NN\K GV XJNVXV GV GNM�N@ YNE= YNM 0K LK B�NNVGV GN4K F0�V +NN[ GN PL�NV[ PL+NNV[ O(F8�NKYNLNUGN\KX W�MUNVD GNV LZMN GMXV GV I\� GM I\�N WNUN J6$

�� LNDSRVD@ YNE= YNM 0K LK LJ\V OV /)NNILU YIU \"NT P_HNVD GK OH/�NYNVD GK YNVM XJKDQV>NUN$ []NHK�N [MKFNVD GNV QWK=@ FTXGM@ QTGNXQNM Y)NRN LNTLN\X FXXV GV I\� G6OVL]NV5ONIJU IG�N WN OGUN J6@ WFIG PX HN6WZQN LIMO(LI¿N�NVD GV HNI\GNVD GK OH/�NYNVD GKPLV^NN GK WNUK J6? X� P_HNVD GNV OI&O0K QVXV GK FWN�@ HN6WZQN EGNE�NVD GNV YLXKOH/�NYNVD GNV@ SNJV RV I0WNEX GK JNVD@ IRL�NX GK Y)NRN GN�=SN\X LZDWK GK@ J\ GMXV HVDOJN�UN QK WN�$

[ ¿� ª ^ �6 � � «� � »9 [ % ( · Y�

� ¡Y % ( · ±º� �% ([

198

�� Y8U HVD@ YNE= YNM 0K LK HVD ÊONHNIWG Y8U�QNV�N ÑONVN\ ED9MHKI0�NXÐ� GN IXUN8UY+NNR J6@ WNV �G �VOK L]I��N J6@ IWOGV WIM� [MKF B�NG¿NN=YNVD GNV YLXV YNLGNV OHZJNVD GV�L HVD OD[I%U GMXV GV I\� L]NV5ONIJU IG�N WNUN J6@ PXHVD IX�IHU FSU GMXV YN6M B�NYXTNNOX GV HJ5R GK WNXGNMK QVXV GV I\� L]IU^N�N IQ�N WNUN J6 YN6M YN5HIRRNO GK+NNRXN P5L8X GK WNUK J6$ �J GN�= GE= QVNNVD HVD /R�D F6DG `NMNW6ONIG +NNMU HVD []NHK�NF6DG YN6M GT1 OJGNMK F6DGNVD `NMN IG�N WNUN J6 YN6M J/U^NVL GMXV RN\V [6MOMGNMK F6DGNVD`NMN IG�N WNUN J6$ +NNMU HVD /ROJN�UN OHZJ YN8QNV\X MN�9�K� HIJ\N GNV�N YN6M HIJ\NIRGNO IX[HNVD GV HN��H OV ONHNIWG J/U^NVL GK 2�R/)NN GMXV GN L]�NO GM MJN J6@JN\NDIG �VOD[%X YNE= YNM 0K LK GK UT\XN HVD Y+NK 1NV9V J6D$

�� JN\NDIG �J JNV OGUN J6 IG YNE= YNM 0K LK GV L]5�^N LIM�NNH GV �L HVD GT1 [MKF\NV[NVD GNV )NNV0�NFJTU \N+N JTYN JNV@ \VIGX LNDS HVD OV �G OV 7�NQN \NV[NVD GNVEOOV [MKFK GKMV>NN GNV LNM GMXV HVD O4\UN XJKD IH\K J6$ �_IL 1%K �NVWXN GK YRI�N HVD �� \N>N LNTYNVDGN IRUM�N IG�N [�N )NN@ \VIGX LNT[�NXN HVD �J FNU LIM\I^NU XJKD JTE=$ LNTYNVD O(F8�NKGN�=�H HVD HT>� HTtNVD GK YNVM FJTU GH ��NX IQ�N [�N J6@ WNV �V J6D� L]IUGZ\ HN6OH HVDPXGK YL�N=LU M^NN@ SMN[NJNVD U)NN LNT ISIG5ON OVRNYNVD GN GH HN N HVD PL\&�N JNVXN$ EXOH/�NYNVD GV OHZJ GNV B�N QVGM 8�ZXUH FXN�N WN OGUN J6� EOOV B�N \VXV GK ^NHUN HVDRCI� JNV[K YN6M \VXQVX GK \N[U HVD GHK YN�[K$ /R6I31G YI+NGM�NNVD GV J/U^NVL OV +NKOJN�UN IH\V[K$

�� \N+N+NNVI[�NVD GN LUN \[NXV HVD WXUN GK +NN[KQNIMUN GNV F��NXV GV L]�NONVD GV FNRWZQ@YNE= YNM 0K LK +NNMK HN N HVD XN6GMNNJK GV UN6MUMKGNVD RN\N GN�=�H FXN JTYN J6$ �G YNVMIX�IHU B�N L]QN� L]�NN\K HVD OT�NNM GMGV YN6M QZOMK YNVM /ROJN�UN OHZJNVD GV WIM� B�NL]IU L]�NN\K GNV HWFZU FXNGM \N+NNVD GNV GJKD YI�NG \N[UL]+NNRK FXN�N WN OGUN J6$

�� YNE= YNM 0K LK GN IR/UNM EUXV F0�V L6HNXV LM JTYN J6 IG EOV GN�N=I8RU GMXNOMGNM YN6M F6DGNVD GK ^NHUN GV FNJM GK FNU J6$ /)NNXK� +NN6IUG IXRVN YROMNVD GNV@ IWOGVYN�NNM LM B�N ODIRUM�N GV \^� IX�NN=IMU IG� WN OGUV J6D@ HNXK9M GMXV GV L]NNOIXGUD GN YI/U5R IF<GT\ XJKD J6$ LIM�NNHU� YIU IXRVN JNVUN J6 YN6M 0VMK LNTYNVD GN LTXS=��NJNVUN J6$ YL�N=,U HZ<�NDGX YN6M GI)NU MNWXKIUG J/U^NVL +NK GH ROZ\K JNVXV YN6M SZG GKcDSK QMNVD GV GNM�N J6$ +NNMU HVD []NHK�N F6DIGD[ GK \N+NGNIMUN GNV F��NXV GV I\� �V OT!NRIQ� [� J6D IG B�NNVD GV ODIRUM�N GK NI'U /)NNXK� F6DGNVD HVD IXIJU JNVXK SNIJ� YN6M RVOMGNM YN6M MNWXKIU.NVD GV L]+NNR OV HT'U JNVXV SNIJ�D$

�� PtV�NVD HVD IRGCIU YNXV GV GNM�N@ YNE= YNM 0K LK GK B�NQNX XKIU HVD B�N GK L]+NNRKHND[ GK FWN� OI&O0K�Tl �NXMNIN�NVD GK PL\&�NUN OV ODSNI\U JNVXV GK L]RCI¿N IQ>NNE= QVUKJ6$ HNXK9IMD[ GV IXQV=NX \^� LM YN�NNIMU J6D� RV PL\I&�N�NDVD LM YN�NNIMU XJKD J6D$ EX JN\NUHVD@ >NMKQK [E= LIMO(LI¿N�NVD GV L]IU�NNM�N YN6M PXGK \N+NGNIMUN GNV G+NK HNXK9M XJKD IG�NWNUN$

[ ¿� ª ^ �6 � � «� � »9 [ % ( · Y�

� ¡Y % ( · ±º� �% ([

199

FN'O � � [MKFK GN�=�H � Y��X HVD � MN7�NVD GK TI9�NDV GK WNXGNMK QK [E= J6

IFJNM@ P0�KON YN6M P¿NM L]QVN HVD [MKFK GN YNLNU OFOV YI�NG J6$ \VIGX IWO UMKGV OV EX MN7�NVD HVD [MKFK GH GMXV GV GN�=�H

GN�N=I8RU IG� WNUV J6D@ POOV �J LUN S\UN J6 IG EX GN�=�HNVD GNV IGO L]GNM I��NI8RU X IG�N WN�$ []NHK�N IRGNO HD N\� `NMN

FN\ONVM ÑP0�KONÐ @ 1LMN ÑIFJNMÐ YN6M HVM% ÑP¿NM L]QVNÐ HVD IRI+N8X GN�=�HNVD GV HZ<�NDGX Y��X GMN� [� )NV YN6M PXGV IX�G�NNV� OV

L]G9 JNVUN J6 IG PXGN GN�N=8R�X GE= [(+NKM L]NNOIXG OH/�NYNVD OV []/U J6@ IWXOV PXGN OH[] L]+NNR OKIHU JNV [�N J6$

FN\ONVM GV Y��X OV LUN S\N IG YNE= YNM 0K LK GV \N+N+NNVI[�NVD GV STXNR HVD Q\[U MNWXKIU YN6M HN6IQ]G GNM�NNVD GN FJTU F0�N JN)N

MJN YN6M YI�NGNDN HNH\NVD HVD S�X O(F8�NK HN[=IXQV=NNVD GN LN\X XJKD IG�N [�N$ WRNJM MNVW�[NM �NVWXN YN6M MNVW[NM YNRNOX /GKH HVD

S�X LDSN�UNVD HVD XJKD IG�N [�N@ GN�= HN[=IXQV=NNVD GN P<\D"NX GMGV %VGVQNMNVD `NMN IG�N [�N$ GNH GK 'RNI\9K +NK "NI9�N )NK$ YI�NG

IS8UN@ Y��X GV EO IX�G�N= GV FNMV HVD J6 IG O+NK GN�=�HNVD HVD YI�NGNIM�NVD YN6M \NVG L]IUIXI�N�NVD `NMN �NX GN PL�NV[ Y8� GN�NV� GV I\�

IG�N [�N YN6M POGN QTIR=IX�NVWX IG�N [�N$ Q/UNRVWNVD ÑHNL LT/UGNVD YN6M HN/9M MNV<W�Ð HVD +NK [0�F0� GK [E= YN6M 2�NLG +N]�9NSNM GK

IMLNV9V� IH\KD$ EI8QMN YNRNO �NVWXN GV HNH\V HVD@ \NVG L]IUIXI�N�NVD YN6M &\N:G YI�NGNIM�NVD XV@ Y��X GV YXTONM@ YNRNO HTJ6�N GMXV GV I\�

�� L� OV �� L� UG GK HND[ GK$ EOHVD GJN [�N J6 IG YNE= YNM 0K LK YLXV PtV�NVD GNV LZMN GMXV HVD YO4\ MJN J6� EOHVD �J

+NK GJN [�N J6 IG �J �G �VON GN�=�H J6@ IWOHVD \N+N+NNV[K OI&O0K GV FMNFM GK MNIN RNLOK YQN�[K GV IGOK QNI�5R GV IFXN L]N,U

GM \VUN J6� �B�N L]F8�NG RNLOK YQN�[K OTIXISU GMUN J6 ÑFNQ GK UNMK>N RN\V S6G YN6M IXGNOK I/\LVD JNIO\ GMGVÐ YN6M

IFSN6I\�N \N+N+NNV[K OV YLXK GHKNX JNIO\ GMUN J6$

1LMN Y��X HVD []NHK�N IRGNO GN�=�HNVD GV >NMNF GN�N=8R�X GN GNM�N YXTGZ\ RNUNRM�N GV Y+NNR YN6M MNWXKIUG YN6M ONHNIWG

OD/)NNYNVD GK I[MNR9 FUN�N [�N J6$ SNMNVD YNVM 2�N,U YOJN�UN YN6M [NDRNVD GV �NXK 2�I'U�NVD `NMN []NHK�N IRGNO GN�=�HNVD GV \N+NNVD GNV J0�L

I\� WNXV GV L]HN�N OV ONHNIWG UXNR YN6M L]NNOIXG 2�R/)NN HVD YIRRNO P5L8X JNV [�N J6$ \NV[NVD GK OJ+NNI[UN GV HN[= HVD OD/)NN5HG

�NDSV `NMN �GNR9VD L6QN GK [E= J6D@ IWO LM [NDRNVD GV �NIXG R[= GN L]+NT5R J6$ Y��X HVD GJN [�N J6 IG EOGV LIM�NNH/R�L@ \N+N+NNVI[�NVD

GNV [MKFK GK MV>NN LNM GMXV HVD OJN�UN QVXV HVD EX GN�=�HNVD GN L]+NNR GT\ IH\N GM@ OKIHU ON MJN J6@ JN\NDIG PL�NV[K ONHTQNI�G

LIMO(LI¿N�NVD GN IXHN=�N �G OGNMN5HG LIM�NNH J6$ EO HNH\V HVD +NK@ LIMO(LI¿N�NVD GV YXTM^N�N GV I\� FJTU GT1 IG�N WNXN FNGK J6$

WRNJM MNVW[NM �NVWXN GV Y8U[=U �G 2�I'U GNV IL1\V UKX R�NNVD GV QN6MNX �� IQX GN MNVW[NM L]N,U JTYN$ -IHGNVD GNV X UNV L�N=,U GNH

IH\N YN6M X JK P8JVD L]SI\U /)NNXK� HWQZMK IH\K$ HIJ\NYNVD GNV WRNJM MNVW[NM �NVWXN GV Y8U[=U �N UNV GNH XJKD IQ�N [�N �N P8JVD

HQNV� GV FMNFM RVUX XJKD IQ�N [�N@ WNV IG HN[= IXQV=NNVD GN "NNVM P<\D"NX J6� %VGVQNMNVD YN6M IFSN6I\�NVD GNV F0�V L6HNXV LM NNIH\ IG�N [�N

YN6M YI�NGNDN IXHN=�N GN�NV� HVD -H ONH[]K GV HNXQD0NVD GN P<\D"NX IG�N [�N� EOHDVD GNVE= 4G= XJKD )NN$ E= � �O GV Y8U[=U IWX

�� LIMRNMNVD GN ON^NN5GNM IG�N [�N@ PXHVD OV IGOK GNV GNVE= GNH XJKD IH\ OGN$ YNE= YNM 0K LK GV \N+N+NNVI[�NVD GNV IWUXN B�N HDWZM

IG�N [�N@ POGK LZMK MNIN P8JVD L]N,U XJKD JTE=$ PXGV �� L]IUNU Y)NRN POOV YI�NG MNIN G9N6UK ÑG9Ð GV �L HVD QVXK L0�K@ WNV F6DGNVD

YN6M &\N:G GV YI�NGNIM�NVD `NMN J0�LK [E=$ 1LMN HVD 9�NEOVH /GKH GV HZ<�NDGX OV GE= MJ/�NVQa"NN9X JNVUV J6D$ EOHVD FUN�N [�N J6 IWX

�TRNYNVD GNV L]IN^N�N IQ�N [�N FUN�N [�N J6@ P8JVD X UNV L]IN^N�N IQ�N [�N YN6M X JK 1N RCI¿N�ND Ñ/9NELVD0Ð QK [E�$ IWX /)NNXNVD GNV

L]IN^N�N GV8Q] FUN�N [�N )NN@ PXGN GJKD YI/U5R JK XJKD )NN$ �VON L]UKU JNVUN J6 IG IXIJU /RN)NNV� `NMN@ IWXHVD F6DG YI�NGNMK +NK NNIH\

)NV@ /9NELVD0 GK MNIN@ G3SN HN\ YN6M �NXMNIN�ND /R�D J0�L \K [E�$ EI8QMN YNRNO �NVWXN GV GN�N=8R�X GV HNH\V HVD IWX GT1 OH/�NYNVD

GN P<\V>N IG�N [�N )NN@ RV )NKD� YIX�IHU S�X@ +N]�9NSNM YN6M "NI9�N IG/H GN IXHN=�N$ EO IW�\V HVD 0K 0&<�Z OK YNM � GNV +NK O4\UN

XJKD IH\K@ IWOGN GNM�N )NN@ HIJ\NYNVD HVD 2�NLG +NNMK IXM^NUN YN6M LT��NNVD GN L]+NT5R@ WNV IGOK HIJ\N GNV GNVE= GNMNVFNM GMXV GK YXTHIU

XJKD QVUN )NN$ WNXGNMK GV Y+NNR GV GNM�N@ []NHK�N \NV[ MN�9�K� ONHNIWG OJN�UN GN�=�H OV Ñ�X �O � LKÐ OV GNVE= \N+N XJKD P%N LN�$

LDSN�UK MNW OD/)NNYNVD GN YI/U5R X JNVXV GV GNM�N@ EO GN�=�H HVD \NV[NVD GK +NN[KQNMK XNH HN GK FUNE= [E= J6$

HVM% GV Y��X HVD []NHK�N IRGNO GN�=�HNVD GN 5RIMU HZ<�NDGX IG�N [�N YN6M �J IMLNV9= QK [E= IG WV YNM RNE= GN GN�N=8R�X L^NLNU OV

Y)NN=Ua ONHN8� WNIU�NVD GV 1N NVD GNV \N+N LJTDSNXV GV I\� IG�N [�N@ ONH[]K -H GN YXTLNU �� IXGN\N [�N@ IWOOV �J LUN S\UN

)NN IG ONH[]K LM YI�NG >NS= GMXV GK L]RCI¿N )NK$ XHZXV GV LNDS [NDRNVD HVD OV UKX [NDRNVD HVD IXHN=�N GK 'RNI\9K "NI9�N )NK� []NH LDSN�U /UM

LM �NXMNIN�NVD GV YL�N=,U X JNVXV GV GNM�N QFNR OHZJ L6QN JNV [�@ IWOOV []NH OHNW IR>NDI0U JTYN� LNMIQN=UN GN Y+NNR )NN YN6M

\V>NNLN\X +NK %KG OV XJKD IG�N [�N )NN� WV YNM RNE= GN�NV� GV I\� /)NNXK� -IHG PL\&�N XJKD )NV� EX GN�NV� GV I\� QK [E= HWQZMK OV

HNIG=9 HVD QK WNXV RN\K HWQZMK YI�NG )NK� HWQZM %VGVQNM JNIWMK MIW/9MNVD HVD [0�F0� GMUV )NV YN6M GNH GV IQXNVD GK OD>�N F��N QVUV )NV�

HVM% W6OV -IHGNVD GK GHK RN\V IW�\V HVD E= � �O �G IXM)N=G /GKH )NK� IGOK +NK LDWKI�U -IHG GV LNO LIMRNM GN0= XJKD )NN$ GE=

HNH\NVD HVD@ HNXQD0NVD GV IRLMKU@ HWQZMNVD GK 2�R/)NN &\NG GV FNJM OV GK [E=$ EI8QMN YNRNO �NVWXN GK MNIN�ND Y8� �L OV YXTOZISU

WNIU�NVD GV I\� YNMI^NU GK [E= )NKD$ �G IUJNE= \N+N+NNV[K [MKFK GK MV>NN OV XKSV GV )NV$ �J FUN�N [�N IG YI�NGUM \N+N+NNVI[�NVD XV

YLXV YNRVQXNVD GNV L]NVOVO GMXV GV I\� IMRU QK )NK$ YNE= YNM 0K LK GN GN�= IX�LNQX HIJ\NYNVD GV L]IU ODRVQXNK\ )NN@ '�NVDIG ��

L]IUNU OV YI�NG \N+N+NNV[K HIJ\N�D )NKD$ \VIGX +N]�9NSNM 2�NLG �L OV 46\N JTYN )NN@ YN6M IWX \NV[NVD GNV B�N IQ� [� )NV@ RV EUXV [MKF

XJKD )NVD$ FK LK �\ ORV=^N�N GV YXTONM@ LN LIMRNMNVD GK OD>�N FJTU )NNV0�K MJ [E= J6@ '�NVDIG FJTU OV [NDR LIMLZ�N=UN GV IF8QT LM LJTDS [�

J6D$ �J FUN�N [�N )NN IG 0K 0&<�Z OK YNM � GV OHZJ YI/)NM )NV@ '�NVDIG P8JVD 1NV0� GM S\V WNXV RN\V \NV[NVD GK QM FJTU cDSK )NK$

OHLNI=RG WHNXU GV Y+NNR HVD F6DG EX OHZJNVD GNV B�N QVXV HVD I!!GUV )NV$ EO /GKH GV I��NG\NLNVD GN GNVE= >NNO L]IU4\ XJKD IH\N$

�X �H RK �O GV \N+N+NNVI[�NVD GNV L]OZIU GV FNQ �NXMNIN IH\K@ \VIGX R/UTU� PXHVD OV FJTU GH XV POGN PL�NV[ YLXV YNJNM GNV OT�NNMXV

GV I\� IG�N$ RV SNJUV )NV IG P8JVD XGQ MNIN GV /)NNX LM YNJNM IQ�N WN�$ �X YNV � LK �O \N+N+NNV[K SNJUV )NV IG P8JVD 1� HJKXV OV

GH YRI�N GV Y8UMN\ LM LVDNX IH\V$ EO OH� �X �O � LK ONHN8�U� IMRU OV HTl GN�=�H J6$

ÑO]NVU� Ñ�Ð FN\NONVM IW\N ÑP0�KONÐ HVD []NHK�N IRGNO HD N\� GK IRI+N8X /GKHNVD GV GN�N=8R�X GV FNMV HVD HZ<�NDGX Y��X IMLNV9=@ �0RND9VW

EDI0�N G(�ZIX9K 0VR\LHVD9 L]NERV9 I\IH9V0@ XE= IQ<\K@ WZX@ �� $ Ñ�Ð 1LMN IW\N ÑIFJNMÐ HVD []NHK�N IRGNO GN�=�H GN L]+NNR HZ<�NDGX

Y��X@ �IN�N LVIOI4G ONVNNV EGXNIHG IMOS= ED/9K9a�Z9@ XE= IQ<\K@ Y[/U@ �� $ Ñ�Ð HVM%@ IW\N P¿NM L]QVN HVD [MKFK YLNHX

GN�=�HNVD GV GN�N=8R�X GN 5RIMU HZ<�NDGX@ YNV YNM WK@ WT\NE=@ ��Ð

[ ¿� ª ^ �6 � � «� � »9 [ % ( · Y�

� ¡Y % ( · ±º� �% ([

200

YNE= YNM 0K LKO(F� GN�=�H

�� YNE= YNM �O LK GV �G OJN�G OD"N9G@ 9�NEOVH GN PtV� �� R�N= GV YN�TR[= GV []NHK�N [MKFNVD GNV FTIX�NQK UGXKGK YN6M P_HNK\UN GV GN6N\NVD GN L]IN^N�N QVXN )NN@UNIG RV YN� WT9NXV RN\V I��NG\NL NT� GM OGVD$ YNE= YNM 0K LK GV OHRUK= HZ<�NDGXÑ��Ð OV LUN S\N IG � L]IUNU OV GH \N+N+NNVI[�NVD GNV 9�NEOVH GV Y8U[=U L]IN^N�NIH\N$ EO L]GNM L]INI^NU IG� [� []NHK�N �TRGNVD GK IQ\S/LK GVR\ RCI¿NGN�D L]N,U GMXV HVD)NKD� P8JNVDXV EO GN�=�H GV Y8U[=U L]N,U JT� .NX GN PL�NV[ /RMNVW[NM GK OD+NNRXNYNVD GNYN[V F��NXV GV I\� XJKD IG�N$ 9�NEOVH GN []NHK�N ^NV NVD HVD /RMNVW[NM GK OH[] GN�=XKIUYN6M YN6_NVI[G XKIU OV FJTU GHWNVM O(F8�N )NN$ L]IN^N�N GN L]IN^N�NNI)N=�NVD GN ^NHUN Y)NRNYI+N�IS OV YN6M O(FI8�NU GN6N\NVD GK HND[ OV GNVE= O(F8�N XJKD )NN$ GHWNVM L]N6_NVI[GK�YN�NNM YN6M B�N PL\&�N JNVXV GK YIXISUUN GNV QV>NUV JT�@ L]INI^NU �TRNYNVD GV I\� /RMNVW[NM GN GNVE= GNH�N8�N S\NXN YOD+NR )NN$

�� IOUMN Ñ�O YNE= 9K YNM �Ð YNE= YNM 0K LK GK �G PL/GKH )NK WNV GT1 STXV JT�IW�\NVD HVD �� HVD NT� GK [E= )NK@ \VIGX FNQ HVD POV QVN GV O+NK IW�\NVD HVD \N[Z GM IQ�N[�N )NN$ EO /GKH GV UJU@ GE= L]GNM GV Q/UGNMNVD GNV OT�NMV JT� Q/UK YN6WNMNVD GV IG9HTJ6�N GK [E= )NK$ EXGK \N[U �� L� GK P3SUH IR¿NK� OKHN GV Y8QM )NK YN6MQ/UGNMNVD GNV \N[U GK �� L]IUNU MNIN YQN GMXK )NK YN6M NV�N MNIN GV8Q]K� OMGNM OVYNI)N=G EHQNQ ÑOI&O0KÐ GV �L HVD )NK$ IMLNV9NV� OV LUN S\UN J6 IG []NHK�N Q/UGNMNVD XV EO/GKH GN /RN[U IG�N J6 YN6M RV OT�NMV YN6WNMNVD GN PL�NV[ GMGV YLXK YN� GV /UM GNV F��NLN� J6D$

FN'O � � YN8�N] L]QVN HVD /R OJN�UN YN8QNV\X

YN8�N] L]QVN XV JN:\ HVD 0K 0&<�Z OK YNM � GV Y8U[=U HIJ\NYNVD GNV NIl L]QNX GMXV GN GNH JN)N HVD I\�N J6$ �J GN�=�H

IG4N�U YN6M FSU GV WIM� /R OJN�UN OHZJNVD GV �G WX YN8QNV\X GV �L HVD J6 YN6M �J ONHNIWG YNI)N=G [MKFK

GK OH/�N GV OHN�NNX GV I\� �G ONl ON�NX J6$ EOOV HIJ\NYNVD GNV LIMRNM G<�N�N W6OV GN�=�HNVD HVD +NN[ \VXV GN YN6M

YLXV F3SNVD GV N6^NI�NG YN6M LNV�NNJNM /UM GNV OT�NNMXV GN YROM IH\UN J6$ EO GN�=�H OV PXGV YDQM L�N=RM�N@ YN6M \NVG

/RN/)� U)NN O4NE= GV FNMV HVD WN[�GUN P5L8X JNVUK J6$ HIJ\NYNVD `NMN IXIH=U ��@�� /R OJN�UN OHZJ J6D@ IWXGV OQ/�NVD

GK OD>�N �� \N>N J6$ 0K 0&<�Z OK YNM �# �O �S WK `NMN IG� [� �� GV �G ORV=^N�N HVD FUN�N [�N J6 IG

LIMRNM GV YNGNM YN6M /GZ\ WNXV RN\V F3SNVD GK OD>�N LM GN�=�H GN OGNMN5HG L]+NNR L0�N J6$

0K 0&<�Z OK YNM � YN8�N] L]QVN HVD YNE= YNM 0K LK GN GVR\ �G OJN�G GN�=�H XJKD J6@ �J �JND LM �G �VOV HN��H GN

�L �NNM�N GM MJN J6@ IWOGV WIM� HIJ\N�D YLXK Y8UIX=IJU NI'U�NVD GN PL�NV[ EO UMKGV OV GM OGUK J6D@ W6ONIG P8JNVDXV

YMG IRMNV�NK L]IO� YN8QNV\X GV QN6MNX IG�N )NN@ \VIGX EO FNM \0�NE= ONHNIWG YNI)N=G IRGNO GV I\� J6$ HIJ\NYNVD

GV FKS FSU GN �G IRNN\ YI+N�NX ÑLNVQTLT\^HKÐ NT� IG�N [�N )NN YN6M EOOV 0K 0&<�Z OK YNM � GV L]5�VG OQ/� GNV [6M

OQ/�NVD OV YI�NG YN� JNVXV \[K J6$

MN7� OMGNM GV Q/UNRVW� HVD O4\UN GK IWX GJNIX�NVD GN IW� IG�N [�N J6@ POHVD �G GJNXK FN)N\L<\K [NDR ÑYX8ULTM

IW�\NÐ GK PX +NZIHJKX HIJ\NYNVD GV �G OHZJ GK J6@ IW8JNVDXV YLXV /R OJN�UN OHZJNVD GN IXHN=�N IG�N@ F6DGNVD OV B�N

I\�NYN6M WHKX >NMKQXV GV I\� IW�\N []NHK�N IRGNO YI+NGM�N OV OI&O0K L]N,U GK$ OQ/�NVD XV YLXK FSU GK MNIN OV �G

>NTQNE= GT�D GV WIM� IODSNE= OTIR�NN GK 2�R/)NN GK$ YF RV OI&W�ND P[NUK J6D@ IWOOV L]5�VG LIMRNM GNV �� L�

HJKXV UG GK YN� JNVUK J6@ IWOOV PXGV WKRX /UM HVD GN4K OT�NNM JTYN J6 YN6M OHNW HVD PXGN QWN= cDSN JTYN J6$

HJ¿RLZ�N= FNU �J J6 IG /R OJN�UN XV YLXV L]�NONVD GN IR/UNM FJTU OV ONHNIWG GN�=�HNVD UG IG�N J6@ IWXHVD ON^NMUN@

/RN/)�@ LNV�NNJNM@ YNIQ NNIH\ J6D$ �_IL 0K 0&<�Z /K YNM � GN YF GNVE= Y\[ YI/U5R XJKD J6@ '�NVDIG � YL]6\@ �� OV

EOGN IR\� �O WK �O RNE= HVD JNV [�N J6� /R OJN�UN YN8QNV\X XV YF YLXK W0�VD WHN \K J6D YN6M �J MN7� HVD [MKFK

IRMNV�NK GN�=�HNVD GV FVJUM GN�N=8R�X GV I\� GNH GMUN J6$

ÑO]NVU� 0K 0&<�Z OK YNM � ��0 RKHVX �(LNRMHVD9 � � O'OVO /9NVMK YN4 OV<4 JV<L HZRHVD9 EX YN8�N] L]QVN@ LDSN�UK MNW

YN6M []NHK�N IRGNO IR+NN[@ YN8�N] L]QVN OMGNM@ IQO(FM@ ��Ð

[ ¿� ª ^ �6 � � «� � »9 [ % ( · Y�

� ¡Y % ( · ±º� �% ([

201

�� 0K 0&<�Z OK YNM � GN PtV� YNE= YNM 0K LK GV HIJ\N OD"N9G ÑWVD0M G(LNVXVD9Ð GNVOTQC�� FXNXN )NN$ YN%RKD �NVWXN GV QN6MNX EOOV \[+N[ �� \N>N HIJ\NYNVD GNV \N+N JTYN@IW8JVD �� GMNV0� �L� >NS= GMGV OJN�UN QK [E=$ 0K 0&<�Z OK YNM � GN L]�NO �J )NNIG /R MNVW[NM GV YROM L]QNX GMGV YN6M FTIX�NQK ONHNIWG OVRN�D PL\&�N GMN GMHIJ\NYNVD GK YN6M POGV WIM� F3SNVD GV MJXOJX GV /UM HVD OT�NNM IG�N WN�$ EOHVD OHZJGV I��NG\NLNVD GV �L HVD ONHZIJG GN�= GNV F��NRN QVXV GK GNVINN GK [E= )NK@ '�NVDIGR6�I'UG L]�5XNVD GK YLV^NN OHZJ GN GN�= YI�NG FVJUM YN6M /)NNE= +NK JNVUN J6$ YN%RKD �NVWXNGV QN6MNX EO GN�=�H GNV F��NRN IH\N YN6M OMGNM XV EOV OTQC�� FXNXV GV I\� GE= GQHP%N�$ YN8�N] L]QVN ÑQVI>NO FN'O �Ð@ GVM\@ I LTMN YN6M [TWMNU W6OV MN7�NVD GN GN�= IX�LNQX YI�NGNDN Y8� MN7�NVD GK UT\XN HVD FJTU Y31N MJN$ \VIGX GT1 OH� LNGM GT1OHZJ IXI�� JNV [�@ IWOGN GNM�N )NN YXTL�Tl S�X@ OHZJ GV OQ/�NVD HVD HV\WNV\ GNY+NNR@ [6MWKRX-H I=��NG\NLNVD GN S�X@ YN[V YN6M LK1V GV OD�NVWXNVD ÑI\DGVWÐ GN GHWNVMJNVXN@ OD/)NN5HG IR¿NK� OJN�UN GK GHK YN6M 2�NRONI�G QCI�9GNV�N GN Y+NNR YN6M /9N:GGN YL�N=,U JNVXN YN6M PXGN YL�N=,U L]IN^N�N YN6M L]VM�NN GN Y+NNR$

/R�N= W�8UK []NH /RMNVW[NM �NVWXN ¿�O WK �O RNE=¾

�� YL]6\@ �� OV YNE= YNM 0K LK YN6M POGV O(F� GN�=�HNVD@ W6OV 9�NEOVH@ 0K 0&<�ZOK YNM �@ �O YNE= 9K YNM �@ �H 0&<�Z �O YN6M WK GV RNE= GNV /R�N= W�8UK []NH/RMNVW[NM �NVWXN GV Y8U[=U �G GN�=�H HVD IH\N IQ�N [�N$ �O WK �O RNE= �GO(LZ�N=UNRNQK GN�=�H J6 YN6M EOGN PtV� /RMNVW[NM GV O+NK LJ\TYNVD GNVGRM GMXN J6@W6OV []NHK�N [MKFNVD GNV OD[I%U GMXN@ P8JVD L]IN^N�N QVXN@ /RMNVW[NM GV P_HNVD GV YN�NVWXGV I\� +NN[KQNIMUNLZ�N= QCI�9GNV�N YN6M FTIX�NQK �NDSV GK OTIR�NNYNVD@ L]N6_NVI[GK@ B�N YN6MIRL�NX L]F8�NNVD GK 2�R/)NN GMXN$ EO /GKH GNV Y+NK YLXK W0�VD LZMK UMJ OV WHNXK J6D$

�� \VIGX@ Y+NK �O WK �O RNE= �G B�NROI&O0K GN�=�H J6 YN6M Y+NK POHVD YNE=YNM 0K LK GK FJTU OK TI9�ND J6D ÑIWXGN P<\V>N cLM IG�N [�N J6Ð@ YN6M HNE�NVB�NYN�NNIMU I��NG\NLNVD GV WNVM LG0�XV LM P8JVD QZM GMXN W�MK JNV[N$

WRNJM MNVW[NM �NVWXN

�� WRNJM MNVW[NM �NVWXN LJ\K YL]6\@ �� GNV@ MN�9�K� []NHK�N MNVW[NM GN�=�H YN6M[]NHK�N +NZIHJKX MNVW[NM [NM�9K GN�=�H GNV YNLO HVD IH\N GM@ NT� GK [E= )NK$ EOGNHT>� PtV� []NHK�N [MKFNVD GV WKRX GK [T�NR¿NN HVD OT�NNM GMXV GV I\� []NHK�N YNI)N=GFTIX�NQK �NDSV@ ONHTQNI�G YN6M ONHNIWG LIMO(LI¿N�NVD GN IXHN=�N GMGV []NHK�N ^NV NVD HVDFVMNVW[NM YN6M YL�N=,U MNVW[NML]N,U \NV[NVD GV I\� YIUIM'U \N+NQN�G MNVW[NM GN OCWXGMXN )NN$

�� WV YNM RNE= GV GN�N=8R�X HVD LDSN�UNVD GV I\� �G HJ¿RLZ�N= +NZIHGN GK LIMG<LXNGK [E= )NK$ []NH LDSN�UNVD@ H��NRUK= LDSN�UNVD YN6M IW\N LDSN�UNVD GNV �� GV YXTLNU HVDIXI�N�ND Y8UIMU GK [E= )NKD$ WV YNM RNE= GV Y8U[=U LIM�NVWXNYNVD GK �NVWXN�D FXNXV YN6MPXGN GN�N=8R�X GMXV GK IW(HVQNMK LDSN�UNVD GK )NKD$ EO GN�=�H XV \NV[NVD GV STXV JT�L]IUIXI�N�NVD GNV []NHK�N IXHN=�NGN�NV� GN STXNR GMXV YN6M PXGV GN�N=8R�X HVD �IS \VXV GVI\� L]NV5ONIJU IG�N J6$

[ ¿� ª ^ �6 � � «� � »9 [ % ( · Y�

� ¡Y % ( · ±º� �% ([

202

�� EO GN�=�H GV HZ<�NDGX Y��XNVD OV LUN S\N J6 IG OCIWU IG�N L]IU 2�I'UMNVW[NM EUXN YL�N=,U )NN IG POOV \N+N+NNVI[�NVD GK YN� HVD GNVE= Y)N=LZ�N= RCI� XJKD JNV OGUK)NK$ []NHK�N IRGNO HD N\� `NMN WZX ��HE= �� GV QN6MNX IG� [� OHRUK= HZ<�NDGXGV YXTONM@ HNV9V �L OV L]IU 2�I'U �� IQX GN MNVW[NM OCIWU IG�N [�N )NN$ EO /UM OV@GN�=�H GN \N+N+NNVI[�NVD GK YNHQXK GV /UM LM GNVE= >NNO L]+NNR XJKD L0� OGUN )NN$ �JFVMNVW[NMK# YL�N=,U MNVW[NM GK OH/�N GNV QZM GMXV GV I\� []NHK�N ^NV NVD HVD L�N=,U MNVW[NMP5L8X GMXV GK YNR�GUN OV FJTU GH )NN$

�� PL\&�N ODON�NXNVD GNV FJTU LU\N 46\N IQ�N [�N@ UNIG YI�NG OV YI�NG ^NV NVD#2�I'U�NVD GNV GRM IG�N WN OGV@ \VIGX EOHVD MNVW[NM GK YRI�N GN GNVE= ��NX XJKD M>NN[�N$ WNV LIM�NVWXN�D STXK [E�@ PXGN /)NNXK� YNR�GUNYNVD Y)NRN GCI�N IRGNO GKGN�=XKIU OV GNVE= O(F8�N XJKD )NN$ EX R'O= ÑIXHN=�NGN�NV�Ð GK YRI/)NIU Y)NRN PXGN OH�EO GN�=�H GK +NNRXN GV YXT�L XJKD )NN$ LIM�NNHU�@ [6MW�MK LIM�NVWXN�D NT� GM QK[E�@ UNIG �NXMNIN�ND 2�L[U X JNV WN�D$ P¿NM L]QVN HVD IG� [� Y��X HVD FUN�N [�N J6IG IXHN=�NGN�NV� GN OH� GCI�N GV OFOV YI�NG GNHGNW RN\V HN6OH GV ON)N IH\UN )NNYN6M IXHN=�NGN�NV� GN STXNR@ W6ONIG YLVI^NU J6@ []NH O+NNYNVD HVD XJKD IG�N [�N$

�� VON L]UKU JNVUN J6 IG []NHRNIO�NVD XV EO GN�=�H GNV HWQZMKMNVW[NM GN�=�H GKFWN� LIMO(LI¿N IXHN=�N GV GN�=�H GV �L HVD QV>NN$ EOI\� ONMN ��NX LIMO(LI¿N�NVD GVOCWX LM GVI8Q]U )NN$ WNV GNH JN)N HVD I\� [�@ PXGK ONH[]K GK \N[U FJTU YI�NG )NKYN6M RV IRNV�N �L OV -H L]�NNX XJKD )NV$ EO GN�=�H GV Y8U[=U ONH[]K -H GN WNVHNXQD0 IX�NN=IMU J6@ POGV P<\D"NX GK "N9XN�D FJTU YNH )NKD$ GE= ^NV NVD HVD@ ONH[]K GK cDSK\N[U GNV QV>NUV JT�@ /R�D �V HNXQD0 JK Y�)NN)N=LZ�N= OH!V [�$

�� J YNNN GK [E= )NK IG HWQZMKMNVW[NM GN�=�H@ -HFNWNM HVD GNM[M �D[ OVJ/U^NVL GMGV@ FNWNM GK HWQZMK GNV cLM P%NXV GV I\� QFNR 0N\VD[V$ \VIGX EX GN�=�HNVD`NMN YL�N=,U MNVW[NM OCIWU IG� WNXV GV GNM�N@ �VON XJKD JNV OGN$ \VIGX P¿NM L]QVN HVD[MKFK GH GMXV GV FNMV HVD IG� [� �G Y��X HVD@ WV YNM RNE= HVD GN�=MU HWQZMNVD XV EOFNU GK LTI�9 GK IG P8JVD YXTFI8�NU 8�XZUH HWQZMK IH\UK J6$

�� HN[=IXQV=NNVD GN "NNVM P<\D"NX GMUV JT� GE= MN7�NVD HVD LIM�NVWXNYNVD GN GN�N=8R�X%VGVQNMNVD `NMN IG�N [�N@ IW8JNVDXV GH HWQZMK LM FNJM GV HWQZMNVD GNV GNH LM \[N�N$P8JNVDXV YI�NG -HL]�NNX ON�NXNVD GN PL�NV[ GMXV GV FWN� 9�GNVD YN6M 9�6'9MNVD GN PL�NV[ +NKIG�N$ �VOV +NK PQNJM�N QV>NXV HVD YN� J6D@ IWXHVD �J IQ>NN�N [�N )NN IG LIM�NVWXN�DYXTOZISU WNIU�NVD GV ^NV NVD HVD GN�N=I8RU GK [E= J6D$ \VIGX RN/UR HVD RV P3S WNIU�NVD RN\V^NV HVD GN�N=I8RU GK [E= )NKD$

�� HIJ\NYNVD XV INGN�U GK J6 IG MNVW[NM GVR\ L]�NNX GV OH)N=GNVD GNV Y)NRN PX-IHGNVD GNV HTJ6�N IG�N [�N WNV RN/UR HVD L]N,U JNVXV RN\K HWQZMK OV YI�NG HWQZMK LMJ/UN^NM GMXV GV I\� MNW�K )NV$ P<\D"NX GV �VOV YXVG PQNJM�N J6D$

�� EO GN�=�H GV Y8U[=U OCIWU MNVW[NM HVD HIJ\NYNVD GNV GVR\ �� L]IUNU IJ/ONIH\N$ �NXMNIN�NVD GK GHK GV GNM�N FJTU OV IXHN=�NGN�= OH� LM LZMV XJKD IG� WN OGV$LT��N YN6M HIJ\N -IHGNVD GNV I+N8XI+N8X HWQZMK IQ� WNXV GV PQNJM�N +NK J6D$

[ ¿� ª ^ �6 � � «� � »9 [ % ( · Y�

� ¡Y % ( · ±º� �% ([

203

�� WV YNM RNE= YN6M EOK L]GNM GV []NHK�N IXHN=�NGN�NV� GV GN�=�HNVD OV +N]�9NSNM GKL]RCI¿N LXLK J6$ JNIWMK MIW/9MNVD YN6M HNL LT/UGNVD HVD JVM 4VM GMXN �G YNH FNU J6@IWOGV LIM�NNH/R�L �NXMNIN�NVD GK +NNMK JNIX JTE= J6@ IWOGN PL�NV[ Y8�)NN []NHK�NFTIX�NQK �NDSV GV IXHN=�N GV I\� IG�N WN OGUN )NN$ XTYNLN0�N ÑP0�KONÐ HVD ^NV GV �G QN6MVGV OH� �J FUN�N [�N IG ONH[]K GK �T\NE= GV I\� GK [E= YI�NG YQN�[K GNV I1LNXV GVI\� Q/UNRVWNVD HVD [0�F0� GK [E= )NK$ WNV IW�\V !Z9V H/9M MNV\ U6�NM GMUV J6D@ P8JVD GN\KOZSK HVD 0N\ GM Ñ&\6G I\I/9D[Ð YN6M []NHK�N IRGNO HD N\� `NMN P8JVD YN6M IRGNO OJN�UNQVXN F8Q GMGV@ QDI0U IG� WNXV GK W�MU J6$

�� cLM PI<\I>NU OH/�NYNVD GV FNRWZQ@ EO GN�=�H GV QNV OGNMN5HG LJ\Z ONHXVYNUV J6D$ LJ\N �J IG GN�=�H GNV []NHK�N ^NV NVD HVD I9GNc ONHTQNI�G LIMO(LI¿N GN OCWXGMXV HVD O4\UN IH\K J6$ JN\NDIG �J +NK OH/�NYNVD OV HTl XJKD J6@ W6OV "NI9�N IG/H@YXTL�Tl LIMO(LI¿N�ND@ YNIQ \VIGX I4M +NK []NHRNIO�NVD XV YNHUN6M LM []NHK�N FTIX�NQK �NDSVGV IXHN=�N GV IRSNM GNV LO8Q IG�N J6@ IRNV�N �L OV UF@ WF LIMO(LI¿N�ND OHTQN� GV I\�L]5�^N �L OV L]NODI[G JNVD@ W6OVIG /GZ\ GK EHNMU@ YNIQ$ QZOMV@ EO GN�=�H OV LDSN�UNVDGNV NI'U L]N,U JTE= J6@ '�NVDIG �NX P8JVD PL\&�N GMN�N [�N )NN YN6M EOGV ON)N ON)NIXHN=�NGN�NVD GNV O(FI8�NU \NEXNVD GV `NMN I��NI8RU GMXV GK NIl +NK P8JVD L]QNX GK [E=)NK$ EOOV LDSN�UNVD GNV /)NNXK� IXHN=�NGN�NV� GK �NVWXN FXNXV YN6M P8JVD GN�N=I8RU GMXVYN6M IR¿NUK� L]F8�NX GN L]IN^N�N L]N,U JTYN$ WV YNM RNE= YN6M Y8� GN�=�HNVD GV FNMV HVD \NV[NVDGK F��UK JTE= WN[�GUN GV GNM�N YN6M STXV JT� L]IUIXI�N�NVD LM L0�XV RN\V QFNR GV GNM�NEO FNU GK OD+NNRXN J6 IG LDSN�UVD XN6GMNNJNVD GK YLV^NN EX GN�=�HNVD GN GN�N=8R�X YI�NGGNM[M UMKGV OV GMVD[K$ STXNR HVD JMN� WNXV GV 0M OV@ LDSN�U XVUN \NV[NVD GK W�MUNVD GVL]IU YI�NG ODRVQXNK\ FXVD[V$

�� \VIGX LDSN�UNVD GK NI'U@ IWOGN P<\V>N cLM IG�N [�N J6@ EO U)� OV OKIHU JNVWNUK J6 IG LDSN�UVD LIM�NVWXNYNVD GV LZMN JNV WNXV GV FNQ PXGV UGXKGK HZ<�NDGX GV I\�Y+NK +NK XN6GMNNJNVD LM IX+N=M GMUK J6D$ WF UG LDSN�UNVD GNV �NXMNIN�NVD YN6M GN�NV� GV ON)NUGXKGK YI�NGNIM�NVD GN Y8UM�N XJKD IG�N WN�[N@ UF UG XN6GMNNJNVD LM �J IX+N=MUN WNMKMJV[K YN6M �J FNU [MKFKIRMNV�NK GN�=�HNVD GV L]+NNRGNMK GN�N=8R�X GV IJU HVD XJKD JNV[K$�J L]I��N LDSN�UNVD GNV NI'U L]QNX GMXV GK L]I��N GV +NN[ GV �L HVD GT1 MN7�NVD HVD NT�GK [E= J6$

�� LDSN�UK MNW OD/)NNYNVD GV GN�=SN\X HVD YI�NG LNMIQN=UN \NXV YN6M IXI�N�NVD GV PL�TlPL�NV[ GV I\�@ ONHNIWG \V>NN LMK^NN GK �G L]�NN\K /)NNILU GMXV GK YNR�GUN J6$EO L]�NN\K GV Y8U[=U �J OTIXISU IG�N WNXN SNIJ� IG O+NK O(FI8�NUNVD GNV 0K YNM 0K�# IW\N LIM�NQNVD `NMN &\NGNVD# LDSN�UNVD GNV WNMK GK [E= IXI�N�NVD GK WNXGNMK OHNSNML NVD GK IR.I,U�NVD `NMN L]N,U JNVXK SNIJ�� GN�N=8R�X IR+NN[NVD GNV +NK SNIJ� IG WF P8JVDIXI�N�ND L]N,U JNVD@ UNV RV YNH WXUN GNV�VOK OZSXN QVD$ []NH LDSN�UNVD GNV SNIJ� IG RV YLXVOZSXN FNV0NV� LM I��NI8RU IG� [� IXHN=�N GN�NV�@ PXGV HZ<�@ OCIWU MNVW[NM@ GK [E=YQN�I[�NVD YN6M \N+N+NNVI[�NVD GK OZSK L]QIN=U GMVD$ EO OZSXN GN O5�NLX []NH O+NN GKF6%G HVD YR�HVR IG�N WNXN SNIJ�$ EOK L]GNM@ GN�N=8R�X �WVDIO�NVD `NMN ONHI[]�NVD GVI\� GK [E= YQN�I[�NVD GK OZSXN +NK WXUN GV I\� LNMQNK= FXNE= WNXK SNIJ�$

[ ¿� ª ^ �6 � � «� � »9 [ % ( · Y�

� ¡Y % ( · ±º� �% ([

204

WRNJM []NH OHCI� �NVWXN

�� WRNJM MNVW[NM �NVWXN GV Y8U[=U ORNV=LIM L]N)NIHGUN HWQZMKMNVW[NM GV OCWX GNVQK [E= )NK$ EO GN�=�H GV �G HZ<�NDGX HVD �J OT!NR IQ�N [�N IG []NHK�N FTIX�NQK �NDSVGV IRGNO LM YI�NG ��NX GVI8Q]U IG�N WNXN SNIJ�$ UQXTONM@ WRNJM MNVW[NM �NVWXN GNVLJ\K YL]6\@ �� OV WRNJM []NH OHCI� �NVWXN GV �L HVD OTQC�� FXN�N [�N J6 YN6M POGNLTX[=%X IG�N [�N J6$

�� EO �NVWXN GN PtV� HND[ LM YN�NNIMU ONHTQNI�G []NHK�N FTIX�NQK �NDSV GN IXHN=�NGMXN J6@ IWOOV []NHK�N [MKF OUU MNVW[NM GV YROMNVD GNV F��N OGVD$ MNVW[NM OCWX �G[N6�N PtV� J6$ WRNJM []NH OHCI� �NVWXN GK LIM�NVWXN�D []NH O+NN GV YXTHNVQX OV []NHLDSN�UNVD `NMN GN�N=I8RU GK WN�D[K$ 0K YNM 0K �# IW\N LIM�NQ YN6M LDSN�U OIHIU�NVD LMLIM�NVWXNYNVD GV I\� HN[=QN=X L]QNX GMXV@ PXGN OH8R�@ Y�NK^N�N YN6M HNXK9IMD[ GMXV GKIW(HVQNMK JNV[K$

MNVW[NM YNRNOX /GKH ¿E= � �O¾

�� J /GKH@ WNV �� HVD [ND�NK W�8UK Ñ� Y'UZFMÐ GV IQX NT� GK [E= )NK@ L]NMI(+NG�L OV QVN GV �� IL10�V >ND0NVD HVD \N[Z GK [E= )NK$ �V &\N:G OZ>NNL]R�N ^NV NVD@ H�/)N\K�@WXWNUK� ^NV NVD YN6M LJN0�K ^NV NVD HVD IX�NN=IMU IG� [� )NV@ WJND LTX[=I%U ONR=WIXG IRUM�NL]�NN\K \N[Z )NK$ �NKMV �NKMV@ MNVW[NM YNRNOX /GKH GN Y8� &\NGNVD HVD +NK IR/UNM IG�N [�NYN6M �� UG �J /GKH QVN GV GT\ �� []NHK�N &\NGNVD HVD GN�N=I8RU GK WN MJK )NK$

�� YLXV L]N)NIHG PtV� GV �L HVD@ MNVW[NM YNRNOX /GKH GNV Y5�I�NG Y+NNR RN\KYRI�N HVD []NHK�N [MKFNVD GV I\� NNMKIMG GN�= ÑHVXTY\ RG=Ð `NMN MNVW[NM GV YIUIM'U YROML6QN GMXV J6D$ EOGN QZOMN PtV� OUU MNVW[NM YN6M IRGNO GV I\� I9GNc ONHTQNI�G@ONHNIWG YN6M YNI)N=G LIMO(LI¿N�NVD GN OCWX GMXN J6$ JN\NDIG �J /GKH O+NK []NHK�N[MKFNVD GV I\� >NT\K J6@ \VIGX EO FNU GK OD+NNRXN J6 IG EOGK YNVM GVR\ [MKFK GK MV>NNOV XKSV MJXV RN\V [6M L]RK�NUNL]N,U \NV[ JK YNGI�N=U JNVD[V@ '�NVDIG EOGV Y8U[=U GVR\8�ZXUH HWQZMK QK WNUK J6$

�� JN\NDIG ONVSN �J [�N )NN IG E= � �O /GKH GK IXI�N�NVD GN PL�NV[ GVR\ YI8UHPLN� GV �L HVD IG�N WN�[N@ \VIGX �VON JTYN XJKD$ EOV OR= \N[Z GM IQ� WNXV OV@ MN7�NVDOV �NX GK HND[ HVD EUXK RCI� JNV [E=@ IWOGK LZIU= PXGV FW9K� ODON�NXNVD OV \N[Z XJKD GKWN OGUK )NK$ LJ\K YL]6\@ �� UG �J /GKH GN /R�L HND[YN�NNIMU /GKH GN )NNYN6M �NXMNIN�NVD GN YI�NGNDN +NN[ YLV^NNGCU >NTNJN\ MN7�NVD `NMN JI)N�N I\�N WNUN )NN@WFIG W�MUHDQ MN7� LK1V MJ WNUV )NV$ EO I/)NIU HVD OT�NNM GMXV GV I\� � YL]6\@ ��OV �J 46O\N IG�N [�N IG /GKH GV Y8U[=U L]5�VG MN7� GNV [MKFK GV YN�NNM LM IRIN�9YNFD9X IG� WN�D[V$

�� YXT+NR OV LUN S\N IG E= � �O GV Y8U[=U FJTU Y<L HN N HVD MNVW[NM HTJ6�N IG�NWNUN J6$ +NNMU GV IX�D G HJN\V>NN LMK^N GK �� GK UKOMK IMLNV9= HVD �J GJN [�N )NNIG �� YN6M �� HVD YN6OU �L OV L]5�VG 2�I'U GNV �HN� �� IQXNVD YN6M �� IQXNVDGN MNVW[NM HTJ6�N IG�N [�N$

[ ¿� ª ^ �6 � � «� � »9 [ % ( · Y�

� ¡Y % ( · ±º� �% ([

205

�� NVWXN YN�NV[ GV GN�=�H HZ<�NDGX OD[%X `NMN �� MN7�NVD HVD IG� [� �G 2�NLGHZ<�NDGX GV YXTONM@ YI�NGUM MN7�NVD HVD E= � �O GN GN�N=8R�X@ GV8Q] GV HN[= IXQV=NNVD GVIRLMKU@ %VGVQNMNVD `NMN IG�N WN MJN J6$ HWQZMK YN6M ONH[]K GV �� GV YXTLNU GV HNXQD0GN LN\X XJKD IG�N WNUN@ []NH LDSN�UNVD `NMN OJK JNIWMK MIW/9M XJKD M>NV WN MJV� LIMRNMGN0= WNMK XJKD IG� [� J6D� GNH SNJXV RN\V 2�I'U�NVD GN []NH O+NN HVD LDWK�X GMXV GKL]�NN\K \N[Z XJKD J6� YN6M JN\NDIG GV8Q]K� YNFD9X 8�ZXUH GN<LIXG YNR�GUNYNVD GV YN�NNMLM IG�N [�N L]UKU JNVUN J6@ \VIGX >ND0NVD GK FJTU F0�K OD>�N GNV �J YNFD9X L]N,U XJKDJTYN$ EOGN GNM�N OD+NRU� E= � �O GK ODDISU IXI�N�NVD HVD MN7� YLXN OHUT<� IJ/OV GNYDNQNX GMXV HVD YOH)N= MJV J6D$

�� WJND UG E= � �O GN O(F8�N J6@ Y��X HVD �J LN�N [�N IG XHZXV GV UN6M LM I\�[� [NDRNVD HVD XN6GMK SNJXV RN\V IWX LDWKGCU \NV[NVD GNV GNVE= MNVW[NM IH\N@ PXGK L]IUNUU�� UG FJTU JK GH )NK$ OMGNMK YI+N\V>NNVD GV YXTONM@ L]IUR�N= L]IU 2�I'U MNVW[NM IQRONVDGK YN6OU OD>�N �� )NK$ LM8UT \N+N+NNVI[�NVD OV L]N,U GK [E= OZSXN�D �J L]G9 GMUK J6 IGPXHVD OV �� L]IUNU \NV[NVD GNV �� IQX OV GH MNVW[NM IH\N YN6M �� L]IUNU YN6M \NV[NVD GNV�� IQX OV \VGM �� IQX UG GN MNVW[NM L]N,U JTYN$ XHZXV GV UN6M LM I\� [� MN7�NVD GNGT\ YN6OU �� IQX F6%UN J6$

�� LIMO(LI¿N�NVD GV OCWX GV HNH\V HVD +NK@ Y��X HVD �J QV>NN [�N J6 IG GV8Q]K�HNXQD0NVD GN LN\X XJKD IG�N [�N J6$ PQNJM�N GV I\�@ XHZXV GV IGOK +NK MN7� XV ��L]IUNU IXI�N�ND RN9MNV0 IRGNO GV I\� YN6M �� L]IUNU IXI�N�ND \"NT IODSNE=@ I\DG HN[NV� YN6M/GZ\NVD U)NN YND[XRNI0��NVD GK EHNMUNVD GV I\� Y\[ IX�NN=IMU XJKD GK J6D$ IFJNM HVD@ E= � �OGK �� L]IUNU IXI�N�ND /GZ\NVD GK EHNMUNVD# YND[XRNI0��NVD W6OV I��NG\NLNVD GV I\� IX�U GK[E= )NK@ WNV -HL]�NNX XJKD J6D$ EOK L]GNM@ [TWMNU@ JIM�N�NN YN6M LISH FD[N\ HVD /GZ\NVD GKEHNMUNVD# YND[XRNI0��NVD HVD MNVW[NMOCWX GK �ZIX9\N[U FJTU cDSK Ñ�� L� UGÐ J6$MNVW[NM OCWX /GKH GV Y8U[=U �VOV I��NG\NLNVD GV I\� IXI�N�NVD GV IX�UX GNV PISU%JMNXN FJTU GI%X J6$ LIMO(LI¿N�NVD GK OZSK XJKD M>NK [E= YN6M �J WNXXN GI%X J6 IGOCIWU LIMO(LI¿N ONHTQNI�G LIMO(LI¿N J6 Y)NRN L]NERV9 LIMO(LI¿N$

�� E= � �O GV \N+N+NNVI[�NVD GK �LMV>NN OV LUN S\UN J6 IG EXHVD OV �� L]IUNU \NV[IQJN0�K GHNXV RN\K -V�NK GV )NV$ EO JQ UG@ EOGV \^�[U \NV[NVD GK QCI�9 OV �J /GKH%KG U6�NM GK [E= L]UKU JNVUK J6$ JN\NDIG E= � �O GV YI�NGUM \N+N+NNV[K IXM^NM )NV YN6MHVI9�GT\VNX GV XKSV GV /UM UG L��V I\>NV )NV@ \VIGX PXHVD GT1 L]RK�NUNL]N,U YN6M GT1 Y�N=L]RK�NUN L]N,U \NV[ +NK NNIH\ )NV$ GT1 MN7�NVD HVD YQN GK [E= HWQZMK GK I+N8X QMNVD OV EOFNU GK LTI�9 JNVUK J6 ÑPQNJM�N GV I\� MNW/)NNX HVD �� L�@ UIH\XN0T HVD ��L� YN6M H�� L]QVN HVD �� L�Ð$ EOOV EOHVD %VGVQNMNVD GV NNIH\ JNVXV GN +NK LUNS\UN J6@ IW8JNVDXV OD+NRU� YLXV GH=SNIM�NVD GNV E= � �O GV \N+N+NNVI[�NVD GV �L HVD IQ>NN IQ�NJNV$

�� GN�=�H HZ<�NDGX OD[%X GV Y��X HVD �J IX�G�N= IXGN\N [�N J6 IG E= � �O GCI�NGV GH GNHGNW GV HN6OH HVD@ HWQZMK YIW=U GMXV RN\V []NHK�N \NV[NVD GK YN� GK YXTLZIU=GMXV GV I\� OUU YN6M \N+NGNMK MNVW[NM OCIWU GMXV YN6M []NHK�N [MKFNVD GK I/)NIU HVDOT�NNM GMXV GV YLXV PtV� GNV LZMN XJKD GM LNE= J6$ E= � �O GNV OR= \N[Z IG� WNXV YN6MPOHVD �G R�N= HVD �� IQXNVD GV MNVW[NM GV YNRNOX GN YDN X JNVXV GV GNM�N@ W6ONIG LJ\VLIMGI<LU IG�N [�N )N@ 2�NRJNIMG �L OV WV WK �O RNE= YN6M E= � �O HVD GNVE= Y8UM XJKD

[ ¿� ª ^ �6 � � «� � »9 [ % ( · Y�

� ¡Y % ( · ±º� �% ([

206

J6@ IORN� EOGV IG LZRNV=l GN GN�N=8R�X LDSN�UK MNW OD/)NNYNVD `NMN IG�N WN MJN J6 YN6MP¿NMNVl GN L]NNOIXG UD `NMN$ EOI\� E= � �O GK �G FNM I4M OV WNDS IG� WNXV GKYNR�GUN J6$

�� HWQZMK YN6M /RMNVW[NM GV Y8� GN�=�HNVD GK UMJ@ E= � �O GNV +NK EO L]GNM U6�NMIG�N WNXN JNV[N IG �J Y<LGNI\G MNVW�[NM HTJ6�N GMV YN6M EOGV LIM�NNH/R�L 2�Il�NVDYN6M ^NV NVD GK P5LNQG ^NHUN HVD OT�NNM JNV@ UNIG OUU YN�NNM LM YI�NG MNVW[NM HTJ6�N JNVOGV$ EOGV I\�@ PL\&�N ODON�NXNVD YN6M \NV[NVD GK YXT+NZU YNR�GUNYNVD GV YN�NNM LM IW�\N�NVWXN U6�NM GMXV GK YNR�GUN J6$ �J QT+NN=;� GK FNU J6 IG HD N\� XV E= � �O GV FNMVHVD ODNNVI�NU HN[=IXQV=NNVD HVD YF RN9MNV0 IRGNO GN�=�HNVD GK YXTHIU EO YN�NNM LM XJKD QK[E= IG E8JVD LZMN JNVXV HVD �G R�N= \[ WNUN J6$ \VIGX@ EXOV [MKF ^NV NVD HVD GCI�N GN /)NN�KIRGNO JNVUN J6@ IWOOV GCI�N GV OV'9M HVD /)NN�K YN�NNM LM MNVW[NM GV YROM P5L8X JNVUV J6D$E= � �O GV Y8U[=U JN)N HVD I\� WNXV RN\V IXHN=�NGN�= O^NH YN6M PO ^NV GV IRGNO GVON)N OHI8RU JNVXV SNIJ�$ GCI�N IRGNO GV ^NV GK� GN�=�HNVD HVD PX IXHN=�NGN�NV� LM ��NXGVI8Q]U IG�N WNXN SNIJ� IWXOV +NZIH GK P5LNQGUN HVD RCI� JNV@ W6OV HCQN YN6M XHK GNODM^N�N YN6M W\IXGNOK$ ^NV GK� YN6M HWQZMKMNVW[NM GN�=�H Y\[Y\[ 2�R/)NN�DXJKD JNVXK SNIJ�$@ FI<G P8JVD �GK �GKGCU GN�=�H GV �L HVD GN�= GMXN SNIJ�$

�� E= � �O GV I0WNEX YN6M POGV GN�N=8R�X HVD GE= TI9�ND XWM HVD YNE= J6D$ LJ\KFNU J6@ !Z%K IMLNV9V�D QVXV GK$ 4K<0 /9N4 XV PO L]GNM GV YNDG0�NVD GK IMLNV9= QVXN OK>N I\�NJ6@ IWXGK PXOV YLV^NN GK WNUK J6@ Y)NN=Ua P8JVD �J IQ>NNXN SNIJ� IG \^� LZMK UMJ L]N,UJNV [� J6D@ SNJV RN/UIRG I/)NIU GT1 +NK JNV$ '\V'9MNVD LM PL�NV[L]HN�N L WNMK GMXV GNQFNR JNVUN J6@ UNIG MN7� GV8Q] OV Y[\K IG/U \V OGVD$ WF �NX �G FNM IW�\V OV LDSN�UGNV YNFDI9U GM IQ�N WNUN J6@ UNV POV >NS= GM IQ�N [�N OH! I\�N WNUN J6� SNJV RN/URHVD GNVE= 2�� X JTYN JNV$

�� QZOMV@ MNVW�[NMOCWX GN�=�H []NHK�N [MKFNVD GV I\� YN� GN OCWX GMUV J6D@ \VIGXRV YLXV LK1V GNVE= LIMO(LI¿N XJKD 1NV0�UV$ WF �G FNM �VOV GN�=�H RNLO \V I\� WNUV J6D@UNV LIMRNMYN�NNIMU LIMO(LI¿N GK YXTLI/)NIU HVD@ [MKF \NV[ I4M OV [MKFK GK MV>NN OV XKSVS\V WNUV J6D$

�� UKOMV@ HJ¿RLZ�N= FTIX�NQK �NDSV@ W6OV O0�GNVD@ W\ YNLZIU=@ IFW\K@ /GZ\@ YNIQ GNIRGNO X UNV -HL]�NNX J6 YN6M X RV �VOK LIMO(LI¿N�ND J6D@ IWXGN PL�NV[ L]�NNXU� [MKFNVD`NMN IG�N WNUN J6$

�� SN6)NV@ MNVW[NM /GKHNVD OV O0�GNVD YN6M /GZ\NVD GV IXHN=�N GV I\� IRNN\ �NXMNIN PL\&�NJNVUK J6@ YN6M []NHRNOK O(FI8�NU IR+NN[ GV ÑY/)NNE=Ð OMGNMK GH=SNMK FX WNUV J6D YN6M EOL]GNM HNXIOG �L OV IXM8UM LMNR\(FX GK I/)NIU HVD YN WNUV J6D YN6M OMGNM OV YNO\[N� MJUV J6D$

�� YI8UH FNU �J IG EX GN�=�HNVD OV MNWX6IUG YN6M L]NNOIXG@ QNVXNVD /UMNVD LM+N]�9NSNM GNV F��NRN IH\N J6$

�� HD N\� `NMN WNMK GK [E= IJQN�UNVD GV YXTONM@ GNH SNJXV RN\V \NV[NVD GNV LJ\VYNRVQX GMXN JNVUN J6 YN6M YLXN LDWK�X GMNXN JNVUN J6@ �G LIM�NVWXN IMLNV9= U6�NM GKWNUK J6 YN6M '\V'9M GNV LVN GK WNUK J6 YN6M UF G\V'9M HD N\� OV �NX HND[V[N$ \VIGX

[ ¿� ª ^ �6 � � «� � »9 [ % ( · Y�

� ¡Y % ( · ±º� �% ([

207

2�JRNM HVD@ EO �H GN GQNISU JK LN\X IG�N WNUN J6 YN6M FJTU OV HNH\NVD HVD IF<GT\EOGV P\9 JNVUN J6@ Y)NN=Ua LJ\V G\V'9M �NX L]N,U GMUN J6@ YN6M UF RJ 46O\N GMUN J6IG EOGN PL�NV[ IGO ^NV HVD IG�N WN�[N Ñ^NV GN STXNR L]N�� MNWX6IUG YN�NNM LM JNVUNJ6Ð YN6M �J �NX IGO IR+NN[ GNV PL\&�N IG�N WN�[N� EOGV FNQ LIM�NVWXN GK IMLNV9= U6�NMGK WNUK J6 YN6M YNI>NM HVD LIM�NVWXN GV GN�N=8R�X GV QN6MNX IR+NN[ PX \NV[NVD OV YNRVQXL]N,U GMUN J6 WNV RN/UR HVD GNH GM MJV JNVUV J6D$ EO L]GNM@ G\V'9M GNV �J IRRVGNI�NGNMJNVUN J6 IG RJ IGO IR+NN[ GNV@ W6OV \NVG IXHN=�N IR+NN[@ GCI�N@ +NZODM^N�N@ []NHK�N EDWKIX�MKOVRN@ \"NT IODSNE=@ YNIQ GNV �NX PL\&�N GMV$ �IQ HD N\� OJK �H GN LN\X IG� WNXV LMWNVM QV@ UNV EX �NXMNIN�NVD GNV LNXV GV I\� IRI+N8X IR+NN[NVD GV FKS JNVXV RN\K Y/R/)N JNV0� GNVQZM IG�N WN OGUN J6$ QZOMV N&QNVD HVD@ 0K YNM 0K � GNV �NXMNIN IM\KW IG� WNXV OV LJ\V@G\V'9M GNV �J YR� /L�9 GMXN SNIJ� IG �NXMNIN�ND IGX IR+NN[NVD GNV IM\KW� GK WN�D[KYN6M IGUXKIGUXK� YN6M QZOMK YN6M FNQ GK IG/UVD L]N,U GMUV OH� G\V'9M GNV �J YR�L]HNI�NU GMXN SNIJ� IG �NXMNIN�ND POK IR+NN[ GNV QK [E= )NKD IWOGN P<\V>N LJ\K IG/UGV YNRVQX HVD IG�N [�N )NN$ G\V'9MNVD GNV IR+NN[NVD GV FKS OH8R� +NK OTIXISU GMXNSNIJ�@ UNIG OFOV YI�NG [MKF ^NV NVD HVD RND1XK� YNI)N=G I��NG\NL S\N� WN�D$ YI8UHFNU �J IG GNH SNJXV RN\V 2�Il�NVD GV YNRVQX LIM�NVWXN U6�NM GMXV OV LJ\V L]N,U GMXVSNIJ�D$

E= � �O# WV YNM RNE= GN�=�HNVD GV ONHN8� HTtV

�� MNVW[NM YNRNOX /GKH YN6M WRNJM MNVW[NM �NVWXN W6OV MNVW[NMP8HT>N GN�=�HNVDGK PL�T='U OHK^NN OV GT1 TI9�ND ONHXV YNE= J6D@ \VIGX EO FNU GNV +NK /RKGNM IG�N WNXNW�MK J6 IG EX GN�=�HNVD XV Y/)NN�K [MKFK GK OH/�N GNV J\ GMXV YN6M OZ>NN@ FN�� YN6M+NZG(L W6OK L]NGCIUG IRLI¿N�NVD GV QN6MNX \NV[NVD GNV U5GN\ MNJU HTJ6�N GMXV HVD �G L]HT>N+NZIHGN IX+NNE= J6$ \NVG IXHN=�N GV �VOV GN�=�HNVD GK YNR�GUN OFGV `NMN /RKGNM GK [E= J6YN6M +NNMU HVD []NHK�N IRGNO GV ^NV HVD GNH GMXV RN\V YXTO8�NNXG¿NN=YNVD YN6M Y8UMN=�9�K�IRNV�N.NVD YN6M QNUN �WVDIO�NVD `NMN +NK HNXK [E= J6$ \VIGX EX GN�=�HNVD GNV OTQC�� FXNXN YN6M�G �VON IRUM�N UD FXNXN Y5�8U W�MK J6@ WNV P8JVD YI+NL]VU \N+N+NNVI[�NVD GV LNO \V WN�YN6M MN/UV HVD �NX GK GNVE= SNVMK X JNV YN6M X JK POGN PL�NV[ Y8� L]�NVWXNVD GV I\� IG�NWN�$ EO O(F8�N HVD GT1 GQH P%N� WN OGUV J6D@ IWXGN P<\V>N XKSV IG�N [�N J6�• E= � �O GNV GVR\ PX IW�\NVD UG OKIHU M>NN WNXN SNIJ�@ WJND 8�ZXUH GCI�N HWQZMK

OMGNM `NMN IX�NN=IMU ONDIRI�NG 8�ZXUH HWQZMK OV GH OV GH �� L]IUNU GH JNV$ GHOV GH YN�NV IW�\NVD HVD RN/UIRG HWQZMK �VOK 8�ZXUH HWQZMK OV YI�NG J6$ L]/UNIRUOKHNYNVD OV JNIWMK MIW/9MNVD YN6M \V>NNYNVD HVD JVM4VM GK "N9XNYNVD GNV MNVGXV HVD OJN�UNIH\V[K$

• L]5�VG UGXKGK IR+NN[ GNV E= � �O IXHN=�NGN�NV� GV Y8U[=U IWX 2�I'U�NVD GNV YQN�[KGK [E= JNV@ PXGK OZS@ YQN�[K GK UNMK>N OIJU@ []NH LDSN�U GNV YR� QVXK SNIJ�YN6M []NH LDSN�U GNV EOGV FNQ EO OZSK GK WNDS GMXK SNIJ�$ O5�NLX L]HN�NL LM[]NH LDSN�U GV GH OV GH YN�NV LDSNVD `NMN J/UN^NM IG� WNXV SNIJ�D YN6M �J L]HN�N L O(FI8�NU IR+NN[ GV LNO +NVWXN WNXN SNIJ�$ []NH LDSN�U OV �VON L]HN�NL L]N,U XJNVXV GK I/)NIU HVD IGOK IR+NN[ GNV QZOMK FNM �NX XJKD IQ�N WNXN SNIJ�$

• E= � �O YN6M WV YNM RNE= GV Y8U[=U GH=GNMNVD GK OZSK@ PX IQXNVD GK OD>�N GV ON)N@WFP8JVD GNH IQ�N [�N JNV@ []NH LDSN�UNVD GV L]5�VG GN�N=\� HVD YN6M [NDRNVD GV /GZ\NVD GVFNJM L]QIN=U GK WNXK SNIJ�$ YNE= YNM 0K LK YN6M YNE= � RNE= W6OV Y8� O+NK GN�=�HNVD

[ ¿� ª ^ �6 � � «� � »9 [ % ( · Y�

� ¡Y % ( · ±º� �% ([

208

GV FNMV HVD +NK EOK L]GNM GK OZSXN L]QIN=U GK WNXK SNIJ� YN6M �VOV RKI0�NV GN /)NN�KIMGN0= M>NN WNXN SNIJ�$

• \NV[NVD GK OJ+NNI[UN GNV F��NRN QVXV YN6M �J OTIXISU GMXV GV I\� IG []NH LDSN�UNVDYN6M []NH O+NN�D []NH L]�NNX GV GN�N=\� UG JK IOGT0 GM GV X MJ WN�D@ L]5�VG []NHO+NN GNV WV YNM RNE=# E= � �O GK IX�U MNIN GK �� L]IUNU MNIN@ �VOK �NXMNIN�NDL]N,U GMXV GK LZR=NU= GV �L HVD \NV[NVD OV YDNQNX GV �L HVD WT9NXK SNIJ�$ IL10�V YN6MWXWNUK� &\NGNVD GV I\�@ YDNQNX GNV "N9N GM �� L]IUNU IG�N WN OGUN J6$

• IWX MN7�NVD XV IFXN IGOK PISU GNM�N GV []NH /UM GK LDSN�UNVD GV STXNR X GMN� JNVD@P8JVD WV YNM RNE= IXI�N�ND XJKD QK WNXK SNIJ�D$ IXI�N�NVD GV PXGV IJ/OV GNV IX\I(FU M>NNWNXN SNIJ� YN6M IXRN=SX JNV WNXV GV FNQ �V MNIN�ND@ F6G\N[ GV ON)N@ P8JVD J/UN8UIMUGK WNXK SNIJ�D$

• WF 0K YNM 0K �#IW�\N LIM�NQNVD `NMN >ND0NVD �N LDSN�UNVD GNV IXI�N�ND IM\KW� GK WN�D@ UNVIRI+N8X GN�N=\�NVD GNV EO L]GNM IM\KW� GK [E= MNIN�NVD GK HN N YN6M UNMK>N GV FNMV HVDL]VO XNV9 YR� WNMK IG�N WNXN SNIJ�$ EO GN�= OV LNMQIN=UN F��V[K$ EOK L]GNM@ E= ��O IXI�N�ND L]N,U GMXV RN\V O+NK IR+NN[ EO FNMV HVD �G L]VO Rl2� WNMK GMVD[V IGIXHN=�NGN�NV� GN GN�N=8R�X IGX UNMK>NNVD GNV IG�N [�N J6 YN6M -IHGNVD GNV YQN�I[�NDGF GK [E�$ EOOV EX INGN�UNVD HVD GHK JNV[K IG GH=GNMNVD GNV YQN�I[�ND Y'OM QVMK OVGK WNUK J6D$ IW�\N /UM LM �G HNIOG [WVI9�M L]GNINU IG�N WNXN SNIJ� IWOHVDONMV IXHN=�NGN�NV� GK WNXGNMK@ Y\[Y\[ GH=GNMNVD GV &�NVMV YN6M PX IQXNVD GK OD>�NGV ON)N QK WNXK SNIJ�@ WF P8JVD IX�NVIWU IG�N [�N JNV$ �J GVR\ OCIWU IG�MNVW[NM GV GN�=IQRONVD GN G)NXHN XJKD JNVXN SNIJ�$ �J [WVI9�M O+NK O(FI8�NUNVDGNV PL\&�N GMN�N WNXN SNIJ�$

• PX 0K YNM 0K � YN6M &\NGNVD GNV@ IWXGN []NHK�N \NV[NVD GV ON)N YI�NG RN/UN L0�UN J6@PXGN HZ<�NDGX UKX R�NNV� HVD �G FNM IGOK /RUD 2�NRONI�G OD[%X `NMN IG�N WNXNSNIJ� IWOHVD L GNM@ GN�=G¿NN=@ [6MOMGNMK OD[%X YN6M OVRNIXRC¿N OMGNMK YI�NGNMKGH=SNMK NNIH\ JNVD$ EO OHK^NN HVD XKIU�NVD YN6M GN�=IX�LNQX GN YR\NVGX IG�N WNXNSNIJ� YN6M OT�NNM GV I\� MSXN5HG PLN�NVD GK IO4NIMN GK WNXK SNIJ�$ GV8Q]K�OMGNM GN []NHK�N IRGNO HD N\� �VOV HZ<�NDGX OD[%XNVD GK /)NNLXN HVD OJN�UN QVOGUN J6$ YNWG\ IXMK^N�N GK WNV L]�NNI\�ND J6D@ RV GN4K 2�NLG J6D@ \VIGX LZ�N=U�NOMGNMK YN6M [6M \SK\K JNVXV GV GNM�N@ PXGV `NMN �G XE= XWM GK OD+NNRXN XJKDJNVUK$ �J L]�NN\K YI�NG >NT\K JNVXK SNIJ� YN6M OMGNMK YI�NGNIM�NVD GNV@ QNUN �WVDIO�NVDGV HZ<�NDGX GV UMKGV OV YN6M FNJM GV \NV[NVD GK IRNV�N.UN OV \N+N P%NXN SNIJ� YN6MEO L]GNM YI�NG P¿NMQNI�UN GK +NNRXN IRGIOU GMXK SNIJ�$ Q\ HVD OMGNMKGH=SNIM�NVD GV Y\NRN@ Y8� ^NV NVD GV IRGNO GV YXT+NRL]N,U \NV[NVD@ IR`NXNVD YN6M WXUN HVDOV GT1 2�I'U�NVD GNV +NK NNIH\ IG�N WN OGUN J6$

�� MNVW[NM YNRNOX /GKH GNV �� HVD LTX[=I%U IG�N [�N )NN$ YF �J �GYNFD9XYN�NNIMU /GKH J6$ IXI�N�NVD GV GV8Q] YN6M MN7� OMGNMNVD GN IJ/ON �� GV YXTLNUHVD JNV[N$ MN7�NVD GNV �NXMNIN�NVD GN YNFD9X [MKFK GV YNLNU ÑEDOK0VDOÐ GV YN�NNM LM IG�NWN�[N YN6M MN7� GV Y8QM IW�\V RNM YNFD9X IL10�VLX GV OZSGNDG GV YN�NNM LM IG�NWN�[N$ OZSGNDG GN O(F8�N IW�\V HVD YXTOZISU WNIU# YXTOZISU WXWNIU GV YXTLNU YN6ML]IU GCI�N -IHG GV GCI�N P5LNQX GV IR\NVH YXTLNU OV JNV[N$ IW�\NVD GNV L]N,U JNVXV RN\K ��L]IUNU MNIN &\NGNVD GNV YNFDI9U GK WN�[K YN6M NV�N MNIN IW�\N /UM LM YNMI^NU GK WN�[K

[ ¿� ª ^ �6 � � «� � »9 [ % ( · Y�

� ¡Y % ( · ±º� �% ([

209

YN6M NV�N MNIN GN PL�NV[ +NNMK GI%XNE�NVD IRLI¿N�NVD YN6M -IHGNVD GV L]RNO RN\V ^NV NVD HVD IG�NWN�[N$

�� GN�=�H GK PLNQV�UN GNV F��NXV YN6M �J OTIXISU GMXV GV I\� IG [MKF YN6MFVMNVW[NM \NV[NVD GNV GCI�N GV GH GNHGNW GV HN6OH HVD �� IQX GN MNVW[NM L]N,U JNV@ �JW�MK J6 IG EO GN�=�H GNV PX ^NV NVD UG OKIHU M>NN WN�@ WNV IL10�V JT� JNVD@ WJND GCI�NGK I/)NIU >NMNF JNV YN6M WNV [MKFK YN6M +NZ>N GK ISMGNI\G OH/�N OV []/U JNVD$

MN�9�K� ONHNIWG OJN�UN GN�=�H ¿�X �O � LK¾

�� MN�9�K� ONHNIWG OJN�UN GN�=�H �G �� L]IUNU GV8Q]L]N�NVIWU /GKH GV �L HVD�� Y[/U@ �� GNV NT� IG�N [�N )NN$ EOGV UKX "N9G J6D� Y)NN=U Ñ�Ð MN�9�K� RC�NR/)NNLVDNX /GKH@ Ñ�Ð MN�9�K� LNIMRNIMG \N+N /GKH� YN6M Ñ�Ð MN�9�K� L]OZIU \N+N /GKH$ �JGN�=�H ODIR�NNX GV YXT31VQ �� YN6M �� GV IXQVN IO�N8UNVD GN LN\X GMXV GK IQNN HVD �GHJ¿RLZ�N= GQH J6$

�X �O � LK G<�N�N GV 8�ZXUH MN�9�K� /UM OTIXISU GMXV GV PtV� OV MN7� OMGNMNVD GVL]�NONVD GK YXTLZIU= GMUK J6 YN6M GV8Q]K� OJN�UN GN PtV� ONHNIWG OTM^NN /GKHNVD LMMN7�NVD GV YLXV 2�� GN /)NNX \VXN XJKD J6$ MN7�# OD"N MN7� ^NV ONHNIWG OJN�UN GVYLXV GN�=^NV GN IR/UNM@ WF G+NK RV �VON GMXN SNJVD@ /RUD �L OV GM OGUK J6D$

�� L]NMI(+NG R�NNV� HVD YNE= GT1 GI%XNE�NVD GV FNQ@ �X �O � LK YF �G \NVGIL]�GN�=�H J6$ R�N= �� HVD IX�U GK [E= �� GMNV0� �L� GK MNIN YN6M �� HVDIX�U �� GMNV0� �L� GK MNIN LZMK UMJ OV E/UVHN\ GM \K [E= )NK$

�� X �O � LK GN HZ<�NDGX POGV GN�N=8R�X GV UKX R�N= FNQ YNLMVNX IMOS= []TL`NMN IG�N [�N )NN$ �J Y��X YN% MN7�NVD ÑYN8�N] L]QVN@ IFJNM@ [TWMNU@ GVM\@ H�� L]QVN@HJNMN�9�@ P0�KON YN6M LISHK FD[N\Ð HVD IG�N [�N )NN$ EOOV LUN S\UN J6 IG I��N8R�XGV LJ\V QNV R�NNV� HVD EX UKXNVD /GKHNVD GK PL\I&�N�NVD GN /UM XKSN MJN J6$ \VIGX@ UKOMV R�N=\[+N[ O+NK MN7�NVD HVD �X YNV � LK �O GK PL\I&�N�ND \^�NVD OV YI�NG MJK J6D@ WFIG �X�4 FK �O YN6M �X �H FK �O GV Y8U[=U PL\I&�N�NVD GN /UM Y+NK +NK XKSN FXN JTYN J6$

�� EO GN�=�H XV GN4K JQ UG YXTOZISU WNIU# YXTOZISU WXWNIU GV \NV[NVD YN6MHIJ\NYNVD GNV GRM IG�N J6$ �X YNV � LK �O GV Y8U[=U HIJ\NYNVD GK GRMVW ��L]IUNU YN6M �X �4 FK �O GV Y8U[=U �� L]IUNU )NK$ �_IL@ GN�=�H GV Y8U[=UIX�NN=IMU YN�T O(F8�NK HNXQD0NVD GN LN\X IG�N WN MJN J6@ \VIGX ÊYIGDSX 2�I'U�NVD GVIX�NN=IMU GMXV GN HNXQD0 /L�9 XJKD J6 YN6M IRI+N8X MN7�NVD `NMN IRI+N8X YN�NNMNVD GN PL�NV[IG�N WN MJN J6$ IRI+N8X 2�I'U�NVD GN LUN \[NXV GK IW(HVQNMK LDSN�UNVD GNV ON6DLK [E= J6@IW8JVD HNXQD0NVD GK WNXGNMK XJKD J6$ GN�=�H GV \^� +N\K+NNDIU IX�NN=IMU IG� [� L]UKUJNVUV J6D$

�� G L]HT>N OH/�N J6@ GN�=�H GV FNMV HVD WNXGNMK GN Y+NNR$ OZSXN GV L]ONM GKYN6LSNIMG L]�NN\K XJKD J6$ WJND []NH O+NN�D HN6WZQ J6D YN6M PXGK F6%GVD IX�IHU �L OV JNVUKJ6D@ RJND OZSXN GN L]ONM L]+NNRK �D[ OV JNVUN J6$

[ ¿� ª ^ �6 � � «� � »9 [ % ( · Y�

� ¡Y % ( · ±º� �% ([

210

�� MNIW/9�VNX GK L]I��N HVD FJTU OV L]HN�NNVD YN6M L]HN�N L NVD GN LVN IG�N WNXN NNIH\J6@ WNV EOV FJTU +NNMK FXN QVUN J6$ LDSN�UNVD GNV U)�NVD YN6M QNRNVD GK UOQKG GMXV GN GNHON6DLN WN OGUN J6$

�� X YNV � LK �O �G O4\ /GKH J6$ XHZXV GV MN7�NVD HVD �GIUJNE= \N+N+NNV[K �VOV)NV@IW8JVD PXGK O8UNX `NMN PLVI^NU GM IQ�N [�N )NN@ Y)NRN WNV YGV\V MJUV )NV$ Y8� �GIUJNE= \NV[ �VOV )NV@ IWXGN GNVE= YNI-U )NN ÑYI�NGUM LIU Y)NRN L5XKÐ@ YN6M NV�N HNH\NVD HVD\N+N+NNVI[�NVD GV LNO YN� GN GNVE= IX�IHU O]NVU XJKD )NN$ \VIGX@ GT1 MN7�NVD HVD \N+NNVD GNIRUM�N JM QNV HJKXNVD HVD �G FNM IG�N WNUN )NN YN6M GT1 Y8� HVD �J IX�NN=IMU XJKD J6 IGIRUM�N IGUXV OH� GV FNQ IG�N WN�[N$

�� HZ<�NDGX OV L]G9 JTYN IG �X �4 FK �O GV \N+N+NNVI[�NVD XV OJN�UN MNIN �N UNVF6DG HVD WHN GMN QK Y)NRN POGNPL�NV[ LTMNXV GWV= STGNXV GV I\� IG�N$ YN�OCWX GVI��NG\NLNVD GV I\� PXGN X[�� PL�NV[ IG�N [�N$ EO GN�=�H GV GN�N=8R�X HVD+N]�9NSNM GV HNH\V QV>NXV HVD YN� J6D$

�� X �H FK �O GV YI�NGUM \N+N+NNVI[�NVD `NMN FUN�N [�N J6 IG P8JVD EO /GKH GVY8U[=U \N+N L]OZIU GV FNQ L]N,U JT� )NV$ �VON QNRNVD GNV QVM OV L]/UTU IG� WNXV GV GNM�NJTYN )NN$ \^�[U OHZJ GV Y8QM EO /GKH GV FNMV HVD WN[�GUN P5L8X GMXV GKYNR�GUN J6@ UNIG QNRV OH� LM L]/UTU IG� WN�D$ EO /GKH GV Y8U[=U YN6M �X �O �LK GK Y8� /GKHNVD GV Y8U[=U L]I��N GNV OM\ FXN� WNXV GK YN6M P8JVD LMVNNIX�NVD OV HTlFXN� WNXV GV I\� P8JVD YI�NG LNMQNK= FXN� WNXV GK YNR�GUN J6$

�� XN6RKD �NVWXN GK YRI�N HVD L]HT>N []NHK�N IRGNO GN�=�HNVD GV IR¿NK� YN6M +NN6IUG GN�=IX�LNQX GN &�NVMN OD\;XG � YN6M � HVD IQ�N [�N J6$

MN7�/UMK� LJ\VD

�� EOOV LJ\V GV +NN[NVD HVD GV8Q]K� OMGNM GV IWX GN�=�HNVD LM SSN= GK [E= J6@ PXGVY\NRN GE= MN7� OMGNMNVD XV YLXV /R�D GV []NHK�N IRGNO GN�=�H NT� IG� J6D$ GE= HNH\NVDHVD UNV MN7� OMGNMNVD GK LJ\NVD GN YXTOM�N GMGV JK@ QVN2�NLK GN�=�H NT� IG� [� J6D$ �VLJ\VD X GVR\ \NVGUNDI G IRGV8Q]KGM�N GK XKIU GV YXT�L J6D@ FI<G �V GV8Q] L]N�NVIWU/GKHNVD GK YXTLZIU= +NK GM OGUK J6D$ MN7� OMGNMVD /)NNXK� \NV[NVD `NMN HJOZO GK WNXV RN\KYNR�GUNYNVD GNV OH!XV GK FVJUM I/)NIU HVD JNVUK J6D YN6M PXGV FNMV HVD FVJUM �L HVD GN�=GM OGUK J6D$ �J +NK QV>NN [�N J6 IG WJND EO L]GNM GV MN7�/UMK� GQHNVD GNV ONlMNWX6IUG OH)N=X IH\N J6@ RJND F0�N L]NDOXK� GN�= IX�LNQX MJN J6$ XKSV GK ONM�NK HVDMN7�NVD GK LJ\NVD GV GT1 PQNJM�N IQ� [� J6D�

MN7� XNH NT� IG� WNXV GN R�N= /GKH GN /R�L

UIH\XN0T XH'GZ XVH I)NrH �� []NH /UMK� IRGNO@ W6OV EHNMUNVD GN IXHN=�N@ \"NT IODSNE= O(F8�NK IXHN=�N GN�= YN6M PXGN OT�NNM YN6MLT\NVD@ LTI\�NVD YN6M O0�GNVD GN IXHN=�N

UIH\XN0T Y8XN H�H\NSK I)NrH �� O+NK FTIX�NQK 8�ZXUH OVRNYNVD@ W6OV LV�W\@ L]N)NIHG IN^NN@ \NVG /RN/)�@ LNV�NNJNM@ YNRNO@ []NHK�N O0�GNVD@[NDRNVD GNV YNLO HVD WNV0�XN YN6M PISU HZ<� GK QTGNXNVD GN YI+NIF8QTGM�N

[TWMNU [NVGT\ []NH �NVWXN �� O+NK []NHNVD HVD FTIX�NQK YN�NNM+NZU �NDSV GK 2�R/)NN LNDS R�NNV� GK OH� OKHN GV +NKUM GMXN@ W6OVFNMJHNOK O0�GVD@ LV� W\@ XJNXV GV "NN9NVD OIJU []NHK�N W\NN�NVD GN IXHN=�N@ ONHTQNI�G +NRX@ONHTQNI�G RG=NV0 YN6M []NHK�N RXKGM�N$

YN8�N] L]QVN W8HZ+NZIH � WXRMK �� WX GVI8Q]U IRGNO GN PtV� IX�N=� GMXV GK L]I��N HVD \NV[NVD GK OI�� OJ+NNI[UN GV ON)N [NDRNVDU)NN X[MNVD GN 2�NLG /UM LM LTXIX=HN=�N GMXN J6$

MNW/)NNX YLXN [NDR YLXN GNH � WXRMK �� /RNR\(FX GNV F��NRN QVXN YN6M ONR=WIXG LIMO(LI¿N�NVD GK �NVWXN FXNXV YN6M PXGV OCWX YN6M YXTM^N�NHVD /)NNXK� OHTQN� GK +NN[KQNIMUN GNV L]NV5ONJX QVXN� []NHK�N \NVV[# QNUN# [6M OMGNMK OD[%X#ONHTQNI�G OHZJ ONR=WIXG YDNQNX GV �L HVD GH OV GH �� L]IUNU YDNQNX GMUV J6D$

GVM\ GT9T(F-K Y[/U �� [MKFNVD GV YNRNO GV I\� /R OJN�UN OHZJ O(F8�NK GN�= L�IU@ GH \N[U LM O4NE=@ ONHTQNI�GW\ YNLZIU=@ ON^NMUN GV8Q]@ GN6N\ P8X�X GV I\� L]IN^N�N GV8Q]@ YNIQ$

[ ¿� ª ^ �6 � � «� � »9 [ % ( · Y�

� ¡Y % ( · ±º� �% ([

211

[]NHK�N YNRNO ¿EI8QMN YNRNO �NVWXN¾

�� GV8Q]K� OMGNM []NHK�N ^NV NVD GV [MKFK GK MV>NN OV XKSV RN\V LIMRNMNVD GNV HTU YNRNOHTJ6�N GMXV GV PtV� OV �� OV EI8QMN YNRNO �NVWXN GN�N=I8RU GM MJK J6$ YN%RKDLDSR�NK=� �NVWXN GV Y8U UG Y)NN=Ua �� UG GT\ �@�� GMNV0� �L� GV 2�� OV ��\N>N "NMNVD GN IXHN=�N IG�N [�N )NN$ []NHK�N YNRNO GNV �� HVD F��NRN IH\N@ WF GV8Q]K�OMGNM XV []NHK�N ^NV NVD HVD FV"NM [MKFNVD GNV OH�F� UMKGV OV YNRNO HTJ6�N GMXV GV I\� YNRNO GNV FTIX�NQK 8�ZXUH OVRNYNVD GK GN�=OZSK GV ONU "N9GNVD HVD OV �G "N9G IX�NN=IMUIG�N$

�� GK WX[�NXN HVD []NHK�N YNRNONVD HVD �� \N>N EGNE�NVD GK GHK GN YXTHNX\[N�N [�N )NN@ IWOHVD �� \N>N IF<GT\ FV"NM )NV YN6M �� \N>N LIMRNM G3SV [6MHM(HU�NV;� "NMNVD HVD MJUV )NV$ YXTHNX J6 IG WXOD>�N HVD JNVXV RN\K RCI� GNV QV>NUV JT�@ ��YN6M �� GV FKS GK YRI�N HVD []NHK�N ^NV NVD HVD �� \N>N YIUIM'U HGNXNVD GK W�MUJNV[K$ �� UG []NHK�N +NNMU HVD GT\ �� \N>N HGNXNVD GK YNR�GUN GN YXTHNX\[N�N [�N J6$ \VIGX �� OV �� UG GK YRI�N HVD EI8QMN YNRNO �NVWXN@ MN7� OMGNMNVD@JT0GNV@ YNIQ `NMN �� \N>N HGNXNVD GN IXHN=�N IG�N WN STGN J6$ EOI\� YF �� OV ��UG GK YRI�N HVD �� \N>N HGNXNVD GK IXR\ YNR�GUN GN YXTHNX J6$ EXHVD OV ��\N>N X� HGNX JNVD[V@ WFIG �� \N>N G3SV GNH HVD X YNOGXV RN\V HGNXNVD GK HM(HUYNIQ GK YNR�GUN JNV[K$

�� W6ONIG �� GK WX[�NXN OV LIM\I^NU JNVUN J6@ HGNXNVD GK GHK \[+N[ O+NK MN7�NVDHVD J6@ \VIGX GT1 MN7�NVD HVD FJTU +NK�N�N GHK J6$ HGNXNVD GK GT\ GHK HVD \[+N[ �GIUJNE=IJ/ON IFJNM GN J6@ IWOGV FNQ YN8�N] L]QVN@ YOH@ P¿NM L]QVN YN6M LISH FD[N\ GN /)NNXJ6@ IWXGN IJ/ON GT\ IH\NGM �� L]IUNU F6%UN J6$ NV�N MN7�NVD HVD OV L]5�VG MN7� HVDHGNXNVD GK GHK � L]IUNU OV GH J6$

�� EI8QMN YNRNO �NVWXN HVD GVR\ [MKFK GK MV>NN OV XKSV WKRX�NLX GMXV RN\V LIMRNMNVDGK YNRNOOH/�N GK YNVM ��NX IQ�N WNUN J6$ \VIGX �VOV GE= Y8� LIMRNM J6D WNV [MKFKGK MV>NN OV HNHZ\K OV cLM J6D@ \VIGX IWXGN O(F8�N YNI)N=G �L OV GHWNVM R[NV� OV J6 YN6MP8JVD +NK YNRNO GK YNR�GUN J6$ EOI\� EO YN� R[= GV \NV[NVD GK YNRNO O(F8�NKYNR�GUNYNVD GNV +NK LZMN IG� WNXV GK W�MU J6$ YNRNO YN6M NJMK IRGNO IX[H ÑJT0GNVÐGK /GKHNVD GV Y8U[=U HTJ6�N GK WNXV RN\K OKIHU �NXMNIN�NVD GV IORN�@ []NHK�N YNRNOOV'9M OD/)NN5HG IR¿N GN \[+N[ GNVE= YI/U5R XJKD J6$

�� []NHK�N YNRNO GK GN�=XKIU HVD GE= [(+NKM GIH�ND J6D$ HN6WZQN 2�R/)NN GV Y8U[=U@ 0KYNM 0K �# IW\N LDSN�UVD �NX GN YNFD9X GMUK J6D YN6M LDSN�U RNM FXN� WNXV RN\VHGNXNVD GKOD>�N GV FNMV HVD \^� IX�NN=IMU GMUK J6D$ POGV FNQ []NH O+NNYNVD OV �J YLV^NN GKWNUK J6 IG RV []NH LDSN�U GV I\� IX�NN=IMU \^� GV YXTONM LN LIMRNMNVD GK OZSK HVD OV\N+N+NNVI[�NVD GN S�X GMVD$ HTU HGNX GV YNFD9X GK L]UK^NN GMXV RN\V OD+NN2� \N+N+NNVI[�NVDGK +NNMK OD>�N GNV QV>NUV JT�@ []NH O+NNYNVD GV I\� L]5�VG R�N= OKIHU OD>�N OV YI�NG "NMNVDGK LVNGN GMXN OD+NR XJKD JNVOGUN$ EOOV [MKFNVD GV FKS +NK ![0�N L6QN JNV OGUN J6$/)NNXK� IR�NN�GNVD YN6M ODOQ OQ/�NVD GN QFNR +NK JNV OGUN J6$ EOGV J\ GN ORNV=¿NH PLN��J J6 IG "NM GV YNFD9X GNV PXGV ON)N WNV0� IQ�N WN�@ IW8JNVDXV /ROJN�UN OHZJNVD GNIXHN=�N GMXV GN L]�5X IG�N JNV YN6M# Y)NRN WNV Y8� [MKFK YLNHX GN�=�HNVD GN \N+NRNDI1U UMKGV OV P%N MJV JNVD$ EOOV YNRNO GK GN�=XKIU GNV [MKFK YLNHX �WVD0V GN YI+N8X

[ ¿� ª ^ �6 � � «� � »9 [ % ( · Y�

� ¡Y % ( · ±º� �% ([

212

YD[ FXN�N WN OGV[N$ QZOMN IRG<L �J JNV OGUN J6 IG �G FNM HVD GT1 STXV JT� IW�\NVDY)NRN >D0NVD GNV GRM IG�N WN�@ UNIG PXGK YNR�GUNYNVD GNV LZMK UMJ OV LZMN IG�N WNOGV$ �� GK WX[�NXN HVD YNRNO GK GHK GV YXTHNX \[N� WNXV GV FNQ OV EO OH/�NGV YNGNM HVD FJTU RCI� JNV STGK J6$ YF [MKFK GK MV>NN OV XKSV WKRX�NLX GMXV RN\NL]5�VG LIMRNM EI8QMN YNRNO �NVWXN GV Y8U[=U HTU L'GN HGNX L]N,U GMXV GN QNRVQNM J6$EO I/)NIU HVD@ LIMRNMNVD GV /UM LM [MKFK GK OH/�N GN O(LZ�N=UNRNQK UMKGV OV YR\NVGXGMGV@ EO GN�=�H GN FVJUM \^�IX�NN=M�N GMXN FJTU W�MK J6$

+NZIH OT�NNM

�� XN6RKD �NVWXN HVD []NHK�N [MKFK GNV GH GMXV GV I\� +NZIH OT�NNMNVD GNV �G HJ¿RLZ�N=XKIU[U ON�NX HNXN [�N )NN$

WNVU GK +NZIH GK P3SUH OKHN

�� GV MN�9�K� XHZXN ORV=^N�N GV YNDG0�NVD GV YXTONM QO JV'9V�M YN6M POOV YI�NGGK WNVUNVD GV Y8U[=U GVR\ �� L]IUNU +NZIH NNIH\ )NK$ EOI\� P3SUH OKHN GV FNMV HVD YN6MOT�NNMNVD GK [DTWNEN OKIHU J6$ I4M +NK@ �J OTIXISU GMXN HJ5RLZ�N= J6 IG HN6WZQN P3SUHOKHN�D \N[Z GKWN�D YN6M Y�INNV�N +NZIH [MKFNVD HVD FND9K WN�$ QZOMK YNVM@ P3SUH OKHN HVD �K\QVXV GV I>N\N4 ONR�NNXK FUV= WNXV GK YNR�GUN J6$ GT1 MN7�NVD XV RNI�NI7�G >NVUK GNVF��NRN QVXV YN6M FN[NXNVD GV IRGNO GV I\� �VON IG�N J6$ PQNJM�N GV I\�@ GXN=9G XVFN[RNXK +NZIH�NVD GK +NZIH GK P3SUH OKHN HVD �K\ QK J6 YN6M P0�KON GNWZ GV FN[NXNVD GV FNMVHVD EO LM IRSNM GM MJN J6$ LISH FD[N\ +NK H1I\�NVD GV UN\NFNVD GV HNH\V HVD �VOK �K\IQ� WNXV LM IRSNM GM MJN J6$ �V GQH L]IU[NHK YN6M [MKFNVD GV IJUNVD GV L]IUGZ\ OH!VWNUV JD6$

�� EO YR/)NN HVD@ �VOV UKX ^NV J6D@ WJND ODRCI� YN6M ONHNIWG 8�N� GK QCI�9 OV OT�NNMGMXN YIU HJ5RLZ�N= J6@ �V J6DYI+NJIU OT�NNM@ WXWNUK� +NZIH GN Y8�OD�H�N YN6M +NZIH HVDHIJ\NYNVD GN YI�NGNM$

GNUGNMK OT�NNM

�� +NZIH GV HNI\GNVD `NMN /R�D >NVUK IG� WNXV GNV L]NV5ONJX QVXV YN6M FD9NE= GV YN�NNM LM>NVUK GMXV RN\NVD ÑNV�M�NLMÐ YN6M GNUGNMNVD GNV GN�=GN\ GK OTM^NN L]QNX GMXV GV I\�/RUD UNL]NI,U GV FNQ \[+N[ O+NK MN7�NVD HVD LrV LM L]IUF8�N \[N IQ�N [�N )NN$ ONHDURNQKUMKGNVD OV P5LNQX RN\V ^NV NVD HVD �VOV GNXZXNVD GNV WNMK M>NN WNXN SNIJ� YN6M WXWNUK� ^NV NVDHVD UNV E8JVD YN6M OTQC�� FXN�N WNXN SNIJ�@ WJND GCI�N FNWNM +N\K +NNDIU IRGIOU XJKD J6D$\VIGX JIMU �NI8U RN\V ^NV NVD HVD@ WJND P5LNQX GN UMKGN LZDWKRNQK FX [�N J6@ +NZIHJKX YN6MOKHNI8UG IGONXNVD `NMN WHKX GNV LrV LM I\� WNXV GNV PQNM FXN�N WNXN SNIJ� YN6M POVO+NK OMGNMK IX�D �NNVD OV HTl IG�N WNXN SNIJ�$ \VIGX �J PQNMKGM�N GVR\ 1NV9V YN6MOKHNI8UG IGONXNVD YN6M GCI�N HWQZMNVD GNV Y8� 1NV9V IGONXNVD Y)NRN F0�V IGONXNVD OV WHKX LrVLM \VXV GK YXTHIU QVXV GV I\� JNVXN SNIJ�$ P\9K GNUGNMK GNV L]NV5ONIJU XJKD IG�NWNXN SNIJ� YN6M X JK IL10�V ^NV NVD HVD GNUGNMK OT�NNMNVD GNV GH IG�NWNXN SNIJ�$

�� IRGIOU ^NV NVD HVD GNUGNMK GNV GNXZXK FXNXV GV YN6IS5� HVD �V NNIH\ J6D�• []NHK�N [MKFNVD GK LJTDS GCI�N +NZIH GV YLV^NNGCU YI�NG ^NV UG JNV WN�[K$ FJTU OV MN7�NVD

HVD YIXIJU OT�NNMNVD GV LIM�NNH/R�L YLXK WHKX EO 0M OV >NVUK IG� IFXN 1NV0� M>NK J6

[ ¿� ª ^ �6 � � «� � »9 [ % ( · Y�

� ¡Y % ( · ±º� �% ([

213

IG �IQ RV EOV LrV LM QVVD[V UNV RV EOOV JN)N �NNV F6%VD[V$ LrV LM L]IUF8�N J9NXV OV �VOVWHKXNVD GV HNI\GNVD GNV YLXK WHKXVD LrV LM QVXV GV I\� L]NV5ONJX IH\ OGUN J6@ IWOGVLIM�NNH/R�L PL\&�N +NZIH GN@ WNV OD+NRU� YF UG FVGNM L0�K JNV@ FVJUM JNV[N@ HNXR-H GN YI�NG LZMV �L OV YRNNV�N�N JNV[N YN6M GCI�NPLW HVD F��NVUMK JNNV[K$

• \KIWD[ GNV GNXZXK FXN� WNXV OV PX ^NV NVD GK +NZIH UG [MKFNVD GK LJTDS HVD RCI� JNV[K@WJNDOV F0�V F0�V WHKDQNM GV GCI�N I+N8X 2�RON� GMXV GV I\� FNJM WNXV GK OD+NNRXNJNVUK J6@ '�NVDIG LrV LM QVXV OV WHKX GV I1XXV GN 0M XJKD JNV[N$ \KW� HNIG=9 OV WHKXGN IX�D �N 1NV9V �NNMGNVD YN6M YI+N�NNIM�NVD GV LNO WNXN OJW JNV WNUN J6$

• LNIMRNIMG -H O/UN JNVUN J6@ EOI\� [MKFNVD GV I\� WHXK LrV LM \VXN \N+NQN�G JNVUNJ6$ EOI\� GNUGNMK PQNMKGM�N OV 1NV9V YN6M OKHNI8UG IGONX +NZIH LrV LM \VGMYLXK L]SN\XN5HG RCI¿N GNV F��N OGUV J6D$

• L][IUNK\ MN7�NVD HVD@ +NZIHLIU P5LNQX GK L]I��N HVD YI�NG WNVI>NH YN6M IW(HVQNMK P%NXVGV I\� U6�NM JNVUV J6D@ EOI\� \KIWD[ LM OV L]IUF8�N J9NXV OV YN6M GNUGNMK GNV FNWNMGK NI'U�NVD `NMN IX�DI U JNVXV GV I\� 1NV0� QVXV OV 1NV9V YNLMV9MNVD GNV 4N�QN JNV[N$EOOV �J L]SN\G ÑIGONXÐ YI�NG +NZIH LrV LM \V OGVD[V$ EOOV -IHGNVD GK [IUNK\UNÑ�G /)NNX OV QZOMV /)NNX UG YNXV WNXVÐ HVD +NK RCI� JNV[K@ '�NVDIG 1NV9V +NZ /RNHK +NKYLXK WHKX IFXN IGOK +N� GV LrV LM QV OGVD[V$

�� P3S P5LNQGUN@ 5RIMU GCI�NG ODRCI� YN6M OT IRGIOU RNI�NI7�G GCI�N RN\V IW�\NVDHVD@ WHKXNVD GNV LrV LM QVXV GK >NT\K 1Z9 QK WNXK SNIJ�$ EOK L]GNM@ PX IW�\NVD HVD WJNDGNUGNMK OT�NNM JT� J6D YN6M LTMNXV NNV�N�NGNMK O(F8�N GHWNVM JNV [� J6D W6OV MNW/)NNX@HJNMN�9�@ [TWMNU YN6M GXN=9G HVD@ RJND IFXN IGOK LNF8QK GV \KIWD[ GK YXTHIU QK WNXKSNIJ�$ \VIGX PX IW�\NVD HVD@ WJND Y+NK +NK ONH8URNQK 2�R/)NN GN�H J6@ GCI�N IRGNO FJTUGH JTYN J6 YN6M FJTU YI�NG YOHNXUN J6@ RJND HN6WZQN GNXZXNVD GNV G0�NE= OV \N[Z GMXV GKXKIU WNMK M>NK WNXK SNIJ�$ �IQ EOV MNWX6IUG QCI�9 OV RND1XK� XJKD OH!N WNUN@ UNVY8� ^NV NVD HVD PQNMKGM�N GV GN�N=8R�X OV IXG\XV RN\V LIM�NNHNVD GK L]UK^NN GMXK SNIJ�$

�� ODI^N,U FNM �J J6 IG GNUGNMK @ IXWK >NVUK @ LTX�>NVUK U)NN PISU IGMN� GKLIM+NN�NNYNVD O(F8�NK GNXZXNVD HVD STIX8QN IW�\NVD HVD ODNNV�NX GMXN JNV[N UNIG +NZWNVUNVD GV L69X=@+NZ /RNIH5R GV GV8Q]KGM�N GK OKHN@ GCI�N IRGNO@ GCI�N P5LNQGUN YN6M HN6WZQN GNUGNMK2�R/)NNYNVD W6OV ODGVUGNVD GNV L]QIN=U IG�N WN OGV$ GNUGNIM�NVD GV IX�NV�N O(F8�NK GNXZXGK Y8� �NNMNYNVD GNV �VOV ^NV NVD HVD J9NXN JNV[N$ PQNJM�NU�N@ GXN=9G +NZIH OT�NNM YI�NIX�H GK�NNMN � O6IXGNVD U)NN XNIRGNVD GNV 1NV0 GM Y8� \NV[NVD `NMN WHKX LrV LM QVXN IXI�N� GMUKJ6$ EOHVD@ O+NK +NZIHJKX GCI�N GH=GNMNVD U)NN OKHNDU IGONXNVD GNV WHKX LrV LM QVXV GK YXTHIUL]QNX GMXV GN L]NR�NNX NNIH\ GMXV GV I\� ODNNV�NX GMXN JNV[N$ LrV LM QVXV GK YXTHIUGV I\� GNUGNMK GNXZXNVD HVD ODNNV�NX GMXV OV []NHK�N IX�N=XNVD GNV GCI�N +NZIH UG YI�NG LJTDSIH\ WN�[K YN6M EOGV 4\/R�L MNVW[NM GV YROMNVD HVD RCI� JNV[K$

WXWNUK� +NZIH�NVD GV Y8�OD�H�N GNV MNVGXN

�� IRI+N8X IRGNO LIM�NVWXNYNVD@ L]NGCIUG ODON�NXNVD GV QNVJX YN6M YN6_NVI[G I��NG\NLNVDGV LIM�NNH/R�L WXWNUK� ^NV NVD HVD [6M WXWNUK� \NV[NVD GV +NNMK OD>�N HVD YN FOXV GVGNM�N@ /RUD UNL]NI,U GV OH� OV WXWNUK� +NZIH GV Y8�OD�H�N GK L]I��N WNMK J6$ �J�G IR0(FXN J6 IG FNJMK 2�I'U# [6MWXWNUK� \NV[ IXMNI-U JNV WNUV J6D YN6M IRGNO GVXNH LM YXTOZISU ^NV NVD HVD "NTO YNUV J6D@ WFIG QZOMK YNVM /)NNXK� WXWNUK� \NV[ MNVW[NM#

[ ¿� ª ^ �6 � � «� � »9 [ % ( · Y�

� ¡Y % ( · ±º� �% ([

214

XN6GMK GV YROMNVD GK U\NN HVD NJMK ^NV NVD GK YNVM WNUV J6D$ EOOV WXWNUK� ^NV NVD HVD +NNMKYO8UNV�N P5L8X JTYN J6$

�� P0�KON GV �NVXGXN\@ [WH@ GNVMNLT9 YN6M 4T\FXK GV SNM IW�\NVD GV Y��X HVD �JYXTHNX \[N�N [�N J6 IG �� R�NNVD GK YRI�N HVD \[+N[ �� L]IUNU WXWNUK� +NZIH [6MWXWNUK� \NV[NVD GV JN)N HVD S\K [E= J6$ EOHVD OV �� L]IUNU +NZIH GW=QNMK YN6M FD�NG M>NVWNXV GV GNM�N@ �� L]IUNU YIU�H�N `NMN@ �� L]IUNU IRGNO LIM�NVWXNYNVD OV JT� IR/)NNLX@�� L]IUNU IXWK IF�GK `NMN YN6M NV�N +NZIH FN��NVD YN6M L]NGCIUG IRLI¿N�NVD GV GNM�N [DRNE=[E=$ �G GNM�N@ IWOGK YNVM EUXN ��NX XJKD IQ�N WNUN@ ORV=^N�N YN6M F8QNVF/U GV GN�NV� GVWIM� WXWNIU�NVD GV ONHTQNI�G +NZIH YI�NGNMNVD GN L]NNOIXG J]NO J6$ JN\ GV QNGNVD HVD@-CD>N\N ORV=^N�N ÑSVX ORV=Ð UMKGV OV IG� WNXV RN\V GV0V/9�\ ORV= GV /)NNX LM@ L]S\XN5HG\N[U GNV "N9NXV GV PtV� OV@ �NKMV �NKMV ,\VX 9VF\ UMKGV OV �� L]IUNU OV YI�NG ��N\ RN\KWHKX GN ORV=^N�N OJKOJK XJKD IG�N WN OGUN YN6M P0�KON HVD ORV=^N�N X GK [E= EXWHKXNVD GNV LNM(LIMG �L OV +NZIH GV YI�NGNMNVD GV IMGN0= HVD >NVUK GV Y�NV;� LMUK +NZIH GV�L HVD EGsN GM IQ�N WNUN J6$ RN/UR HVD@ EOOHVD OV YI�NGNDN +NZIH WXWNUK� LIMRNMNVD GKIH<GK�U )NK YN6M IWOHVD OKHNDIGU +NZIH>ND0NVD LM >NVUK GK WNUK )NK YN6M IWO LM 4\QNMRC^N \[V )NV$ EO L]GNM@ WXWNUK� OHZJNVD GV I\� EOGN IRXNNGNMK LIM�NNH JTYN J6$

�� WXWNUK� \NV[NVD YN6M OMGNMK LQNI�NGNIM�NVD HVD +NZIH GV YI�NGNMNVD GV FNMV HVD GNXZXKWNXGNMK GV Y+NNR YN6M [6ML]+NNRGNMK L]NNOIXG �NDSV GV LIM�NNH/R�L WXWNIU�NVD GK +NZIHGN Y8�OD�NH�N JTYN J6$ GNXZXK PLF8�NNVD HVD Y8UIX=IJU >NNIH�ND J6D@ W6OV /RU� GNM=RNE= NT�GMXV GV UD GN Y+NNR@ L]IUGZ\ G&WV GV FNMV HVD LIMOKHN GK ONHN8� YRI�N@ YIUSNM GVIR�� YN6M [6MWXWNUK� \NV[NVD GNV QTMI+NODI�N YN6M �NNV>NN�N0�K OV +NZIH GV Y8UM�N GV IR��PLF8�N GN Y+NNR$ SZDIG WXWNUK� \NV[ YNHUN6M LM GNXZXK PLF8�NNVD YN6M L]I��NYNVD OVYXWNX JNVUV J6D@ EOI\� PXGN YNONXK OV NNV�N�N IG�N WN OGUN J6$

�� WXWNUK� +NZIH�NVD GV YXTL�Tl IMGN0NV� GV GNM�N +NK Y8�OD�NH�N JTYN J6$ �VOVQ/UNRVWNVD GV PL�Tl YXTM^N�N GV I\�@ WXWNUK� ^NV NVD HVD +NZIH GV IMGN0NV� GNV U6�NM GMXVYN6M PXGV YXTM^N�N YN6M P8JVD Y_UX FXNXV GV UMKGNVD GK WNDS NK"N]NIUNK"N] GK WNXK SNIJ�$EOGV Y\NRN@ WXWNUK� ^NV NVD GV I\� +NZIH GV IMGN0NV� GV G(,�Z9MKGM�N GNV ORNV=3SL]N)NIHGUN QK WNXK SNIJ�$

�� ODIR�NNX GV ��RVD ODNNV�NX YI�NIX�H@ �� GNV \N[Z GMXV GV I\� LDSN�U ÑYXTOZISU^NV NVD UG IR/UNMÐ YI�NIX�H@ �� GV PLF8�N YN% MN7�NVD Y)NN=U YN8�N] L]QVN@ IFJNM@ [TWMNU@IJHNS\ L]QVN@ H�� L]QVN@ HJNMN�9�@ P0�KON YN6M MNW/)NNX GV YXTOZISU ^NV NVD HVD \N[Z IG�[�$ EO YI�NIX�H GN PtV� �J J6 IG WXWNUK� \NV[ /R�D YLXV +NN;�IR�NNUN FX OGVDYN6M +NZIH OIJU L]NGCIUG ODON�NXNVD LM YLXV LNM(LIMG YI�NGNMNVD GN ODM^N�N GM OGVD$ \VIGX@GNXZX GV G0�V PLF8�N GVR\ GN[WNVD UG OKIHU J6D YN6M MN7� OMGNMNVD `NMN P8JVD GN�=�LXJKD IQ�N [�N J6$

+NZIH LM HIJ\NYNVD GV YI�NGNM

�� IR[U HVD +NZIH OT�NNM XKIU HIJ\NYNVD GV +NZIH O(F8�NK YI�NGNMNVD GV L]X GN OHN�NNXGMXV HVD IR4\ MJK J6$ GCI�N HVD HIJ\NYNVD `NMN FJTU F0�V L6HNXV LM +NN[ I\�N WNUN J6$YXTHNX J6 IG �� L]IUNU HIJ\N GH=GNM GCI�N HVD GN�= GMUK J6D@ WFIG EOGK UT\XN HVD LT��NGH=GNMNVD GK OD>�N �� L]IUNU J6$ �VOV []NHK�N LIMRNMNVD GK OD>�N HVD RCI� JNVXV GV GNM�N@

[ ¿� ª ^ �6 � � «� � »9 [ % ( · Y�

� ¡Y % ( · ±º� �% ([

215

IWXGK RN/UIRG HTI>N�N HIJ\N�D J6D@ GCI�N GV HIJ\NGM�N HVD IXM8UM RCI� JNV MJK J6@ \VIGX+NZO(LQN HVD HIJ\NYNVD GV YOHNX IJ/OV GV GNM�N@ HIJ\NYNVD GK ONHNIWGYNI)N=G I/)NIUYNHUN6M LM LT��NNVD OV XKSK J6$

�� P¿NMNI�NGNM O(F8�NK GNXZXNVD YN6M IRI+N8X MN7�NVD `NMN LNIMU +NZIH OT�NNM GNXZXNVD HVD I\D[+NVQ HN6WZQ J6$ FJTU OV P¿NM LISHK MN7�NVD HVD@ IWXHVD JIM�N�NN@ LDWNF@ W(HZ YN6M GHKM@@IJHNS\ L]QVN@ IQ<\K YN6M P¿NM L]QVN NNIH\ J6D@ +NZIH GN P¿NMNI�NGNM LNM(LIMG LT��N RDNWNVDGNV Y8UIMU JNVUN J6 YN6M LIM�NNHU�@ IR�NRNYNVD YN6M FVI9�NVD GNV GVR\ LT��N RDNWNVD GV X JNVXVLM P¿NMNI�NGNM IH\UN J6$ P¿NM L]QVN HVD WHKDQNMK P8HZ\X YI�NIX�H GK �NNMN �� `NMN GCI�N+NZIH HVD IGOK FNI\GN GV P¿NMNI�NGNM LM L]IUF8�N \[N�N [�N J6$ GT1 MN7�NVD HVD HIJ\N�D GCI�N+NZIH GK >NMKQ +NK XJKD GM OGUKD@ '�NVDIG YI+N\V>NF� +NZIH YI�NGNMNVD GK YXTLI/)NIU HVD RV �VIO� XJKD GM OGUKD IG RV GNUGNM J6D$ YI�NGUM HNH\NVD HVD@ IHUN^NMN OD�T'U LIMRNM GKO(LI¿N GV IJ8QZ P¿NMNI�NGNM YI�NIX�H GK IXM8UM /RKGCIU GV GNM�N@ IWOHVD LT NVD GNV W8H OVYI�NGNM L]N,U J6@ LTI �NVD GNV XJKD@ �J I\D[ +NVQ FXN JTYN J6$ \VIGX@ GXN=9G@ UIH\XN0T@YN8�N] L]QVN YN6M GVM\ W6OV MN7�NVD HVD O(LI¿N HVD@ IWOHVD +NZIH +NK NNIH\ J6@ HIJ\NYNVD GVYI�NGNM GNV HN8�UN QVXV GV I\� IJ8QZ P¿NMNI�NGNM YI�NIX�H@ �� HVD ODNNV�NX IG�NJ6$\VIGX I4M +NK GT1 IROD[IU�ND FXK JTE= J6D@ '�NVDIG GVR\ LTI �NVD GNV OJQN�G GV �L HVDNNIH\ IG�N [�N J6@ IGOK Y8� HIJ\N P¿NMNI�NGNMK GNV XJKD$

�� GCI�N +NZIH GV O(F8�N HVD P¿NMNI�NGNM GV GNXZXNVD GNV I\D[OHNXUN GV YI�NG YXTGZ\FXNXV GV I\��

Ñ�Ð I\D[ OHNXUN OTIXISU GMXV GV I\� MN7� OMGNMNVD `NMN YI+NJIU O(F8�NKGNXZNVD GN ODNNV�NX�

Ñ�Ð HT>� P¿NMNI�NGNM IRI�N�NVD ÑIJ8QZ P¿NMNI�NGNM YI�NIX�H YN6M �� GN NMK�UYI�NIX�H@ QNVXNVDÐ HVD ODNNV�NX@ UNIG ÑGÐ ONMK O(LI¿N GNV �GOHNX OH!NWN�@ IWOOV GCI�N +NZIH GNV IJ8QTYNVD YN6M HTO\HNXNVD QNVXNVD GV O(FI8�NU GNXZXNVDGV YI�NGNM^NV GV Y8U[=U \N�N WN OGV� YN6M Ñ>NÐ ONMK O(LI¿N HVD LT��NNVDYN6M HIJ\NYNVD GV FMNFM GV IJ/OV GK 2�R/)NN GK WN OGV$

Ñ�Ð ROK�U GV YI�NGNM HVD YNDING L]IUF8�N@ WNV 2�NRJNIMG �L OV HIJ\NP¿NMNI�NGNIM�NVD GV L]IUGZ\ WNUN J6@ '�NVDIG HNUN ILUN `NMN �VOK ROK�U IG�WNXV GK OD+NNRXN JNVUK J6@ WNV LT NVD GV L^N HVD JNV YN6M

Ñ�Ð �J OTIXISU GMXN IG �IQ HIJ\N�D YLXV QNRV GN LIM5�N[ GMVD@ UNVLIM5�WX YN6LSNIMG IR\V>N `NMN IG�N WN�@ YXN6LSNIMG �L OV XJKD$

+NZIH O(F8�NK YI+N\V>NNVD GN G(,�Z9MKGM�N

�� +NZIHYI+N\V>NNVD GV G(,�Z9MKGM�N GK GV8Q]L]N�NVIWU /GKH �� HVD YN% MN7�NVD HVD�G L]N�NVI[G LIM�NVWXN GV �L HVD NT� GK [E= )NK$ EO /GKH GN PO OH� PtV� GVR\�J OTIXISU GMXN )NN IG UJOK\QNM `NMN WHKXNVD GV HNI\GNVD GNV YI�NGNM GV IMGN0= GKOJKOJK L]IU�ND OH� LM WNMK GK WN�$ YN%RKD �NVWXN GV Y8U UG@ �� GMNV0� �L� GV2�� OV QVN GV �� IW�\NVD GNV EO /GKH GV Y8U[=U \N�N WN STGN )NN$ XN6RKD �NVWXN GVLJ\V UKX R�NNV� GV QN6MNX EO /GKH LM \[+N[ �� GMNV0� �L�N 2�� IG�N [�N J6$

�� +NZIH GV YI+N\V>NNVD GV G(,�Z9MKGM�N GK L][IU HVD GE= GNM�NNVD OV �GNR9 YNE= J6$ EXHVD�V NNIH\ J6D� MN7� OMGNMNVD `NMN GN�N=8R�X �WVDIO�NVD GNV IXI�N�NVD GV Y8UM�N HVD IR\(F@IFW\K GK GHK YN6M G(,�Z9MNVD YN6M Y8� PL/GMNVD GNV /)NNILU GMXV GV I\� ��MGD0KNXMNVD

[ ¿� ª ^ �6 � � «� � »9 [ % ( · Y�

� ¡Y % ( · ±º� �% ([

216

RN\V G^NNVD GV IXHN=�N HVD IR\(F@ MN7� OMGNMNVD GK YNR�GUNYNVD GV YXTONM PL�Tl YN6M2�NLG ON9RV�M GV IRGNO HVD IR\(F@ MN�9�K� OZSXNIR.NX GV8Q] Ñ�X YNE= OKÐ `NMN JN0=RV�MGK YNLZIU= YN6M /)NNLXN HVD IR\(F@ G(,�Z9MNVD GN PL�NV[ GMXV GV \� GH=SNIM�NVD GNV L�N=,UL]IN^N�N OTIR�NNYNVD GN Y+NNR YN6M 0N9N GK L]IRI�9 GV GNH GNV JN)N HVD \VXV GV I\� Y31V2�RONI��NVD GN Y+NNR$

�� +NZIH O(F8�NK YI+N\V>NNVD GNV Y_UX FXNXV GV GNH HVD@ LDSN�UK MNW OD/)NNYNVD YN6M/)NNXK� MNW/R LQNI�NGNIM�NVD GK +NN[KQNIMUN OV@ G(,�Z9MKGM�N GV IFXN +NK@ UVWK \NE= WNOGUK J6$ []NH/UM GV MNW/R GV LQNI�NGNIM�NVD GNV []NH LDSN�UNVD GV IX�D �N GV Y�NKX M>NNWNXN SNIJ�@ JN\NDIG YLK\K� YI�NGNIMUN UJOK\QNM GV LNO JK FXK MJXK SNIJ�$ IW�\N/UM LM@ +NZ MNW/R L]�NN\K GNV IW\N LIM�NQ GV Y8U[=U GNH GMXN SNIJ�$ LDSN�UK MNWOD/)NNYNVD HVD HIJ\NYNVD GV �� L]IUNU L]IUIXI�N5R OV@ HIJ\NYNVD GV IJU GNV@ WJND UG +NZIH HVDHIJ\NYNVD GV YI�NGNMNVD GNV YI+N\V>NF� GMXV GN O(F8�N J6@ F��NRN IH\V[N$ EOGV Y\NRN@ +NZ YI+N\V>NNVD GV L]NNOX HVD YI�NG LNMIQN=UN \NXV GV I\� GQH P%N� WNXV W�MK J6D@ W6OVIGOK 2�I'U `NMN HND[ IG� WNXV LM WNVU GK +NZIH GV FNMV HVD OZSXN YN6M +NZYI+N\V>NNVD@ IWXHVDYI�NGNMNVD GV IMGN0=@ 4K<0 FTGNVD# X'NV YNIQ NNIH\ J6D@ GK L]IUI\IL�ND OT\+N JNVXK SNIJ�$+NZIH O(F8�NK LNO FTG YN6M XNHN8UM�N IRRM�N@ +NZIH GK I/)NIU YN6M WHNF8QK MIW/9M OT\+NJNVXV SNIJ�D YN6MNT<G YQN IG� WNXV LM PXGK L]IU�ND HTJ6�N GK WNXK SNIJ�D$

+NZIH GV YIXRN�= YI�N[]J�N GV GNM�N IR/)NNILU 2�I'U�NVD GN LTXRN=O

�� YNI)N=G IRGNO GK L]I��N GV I\� L]N�� OMGNMK Y)NRN IXWK OV'9M HVD LIM�NVWXNYNVDGK /)NNLXN GMXV GV I\� +NZIH GN YI+N[]J�N GMXV GK W�MU JNVUK J6$ EOGV GNM�NIR/)NNILU LIMRNMNVD GNV +NNMK GI%XNE�ND !V\XK L0�UK J6D$ 2�I'U�NVD GNV PXGK +NZIH@ YNWKIRGNYN6M PXGV ODON�NX YN�NNM OV RDISU GMXV GV Y\NRN@ IR/)NNLX GV Y8� YN�NNUK�@HXNVR6.NIXG YN6M ONHNIWG YNI)N=G LIM�NNH JNVUV J6D$ EOI\� \NV[NVD GNV@ IRNV�N �L OVWXWNUK� \NV[NVD GNV@ F0�V L6HNXV LM IR/)NNILU IG� WNXV OV FSXV GK YNR�GUN J6 YN6MPXGV I\� LTX�/)NNLXN YN6M LTXRN=O GV �G 2�NLG L6GVW GN HTtN@ OMGNM GV I\� IS8UN GN�G L]HT>N IR�N� J6$

�� _IL LTX�/)NNLX YN6M LTXRN=O GK MN�9�K� XKIU GV L]N�L LM IL1\V UKX R�NNV� OV SSN=GK WN MJK J6@ \VIGX Y+NK POV YI8UH �L IQ�N WNXN J6$ +NZIH YI+N[]J�N YI�NIX�H GVL]N�L GK I/)NIU +NK �JK J6$

[]NHK�N IRGNO GN�=�HNVD GV I\� LIMQNXUD

�� []NHK�N IRGNO GN�=�HNVD GV O4\ GN�N=8R�X GV I\� L�N=,U IXI�N�NVD@ PL�T'U XKIU[U�NDSV YN6M GNM[M LIMQNX UD ÑI0I\RMK HGVIX7HÐ GN JNVXN W�MK J6$ IL1\V YXT+NR OV LUNS\N J6 IG GVR\ IXI�N�NVD GK PL\&�NUN []NHK�N [MKFK GK OH/�N GNGNVE= J\ XJKD J6$ EOKL]GNM@ []NHK�N IRGNO GN�=�HNVD GNV I0WNEX@ SNJV RJ IGUXN +NK LIM�GCU '�NVD X JNV@ YLXVYNL HVD YL�N=,U J6$ Y8UU�@ O4\UN EO FNU LM IX+N=M JNVUK J6 IG IXI�N�NVD GN \N[UL]+NNRKUMKGV OV YRNNV�N�N GMXV YN6M PXGN PL�NV[ GMXV HVD LIMQNX L]�NN\K GK ^NHUN IGUXK J6$�G L]+NNRKGNMK YN6M ODRVQXNK\ IW\N/UMK� 4K<0 UD GV LNO P3S GNVI9 GK L]IUF�UN@L]VM�N YN6M 2�NRONI�G O^NHUN YN6M OFOV cL@ L]NHNI�NGUN JNVXK SNIJ�$ IX�NN=IMU PtV�NVD GNY8UMN=�9�K� IG�N WNXN SNIJ� YN6M G\V'9M OV \VGM []NH /UM GV GN�=GUN= UG OMGNMK UD GV O+NK OQ/�NVD GN PXHVD 2�NLG �L OV IRRNO JNVXN SNIJ�$

[ ¿� ª ^ �6 � � «� � »9 [ % ( · Y�

� ¡Y % ( · ±º� �% ([

217

�� L]+NNRGNMK LIMQNX UD �VON JNVXN SNIJ�@ IWOOV GN�=�HNVD GV GN�N=8R�X GV IRI+N8XSM�NNVD HVD \NV[NVD GK +NN[KQNIMUN@ /GKHNVD GV L]SN\X HVD LNMQIN=UN YN6M L�N=,U HNXK9IMD[ UD OTIXISU JNV OGV$ LDSN�UK MNW OD/)NN�D /GKHNVD GK GN�=GTN\UN YN6M L]+NNRGNIMUN HVD RCI�GMXV YN6M SNVMK Ñ\KGVWÐ GNV "N9NXV HVD@ WNV OMGNM `NMN L]N�NVIWU /GKHNVD GN YI+NNNL JNVUK J6@HJ5RLZ�N= +NZIHGN IX+NN OGUK J6D$ �_IL GN�N=8R�X O(F8�NK HN[=IXQV=NNVD HVD OMGNMK �WVDIO�NVDYN6M LDSN�UK MNW OD/)NNYNVD GV FKS IXG9 UN\HV\ GN PLF8�N J6@ \VIGX 2�RJNM HVD �VONUN\HV\ FJTU GH JNVUN J6$ [6M OMGNMK OD[%X \NV[NVD HVD WN[�GUN P5L8X GMXV YN6M[]NHK�N ^NV NVD HVD IRGNO GK LIM�NVWXNYNVD GV GN�N=8R�X HVD OMGNMK �WVDIO�NVD YN6M LDSN�UK MNWOD/)NNYNVD GNV OJN�UNQVXV HVD OI�� +NZIHGN YQN GM MJV J6D$ [6MOMGNMK OD[%X ^NHUN GNIXHN=�N GMXV@ OZSXN OT\+N GMNXV@ []NHK�N [MKFNVD GN /ROJN�UN OHZJNVD GN IXHN=�N GMXV YN6MPXGK WNXGNMK YN6M ^NHUNYNVD GNV F��NXV HVD HJ5RLZ�N= +NZIHGN IX+NN OGUV J6D$

IX�G�N=

�� []NHK�N [MKFK GNV �� GV �� L]IUNU GV /UM OV "N9N GM �� HVD \[+N[�� L]IUNU GV /UM LM \NXN@ +NNMU GK IRGNO O(F8�NK GN�=XKIU GK �G L]HT>N PL\I&�N J6$EO GN�=XKIU HVD GCI�N YN6M GCI�NI+N8X ^NV HVD 5RIMU []NHK�N IRGNO YN6M IRI+N8X GN�=�HNVD GVWIM�@ IWXHVD HNXR IRGNO GV I\� IXRVN GMXN +NK NNIH\ )NN@ []NHK�N [MKFK LM OK�NN JH\NGMXN NNIH\ )NN$ IRI+N8X MN7�NVD HVD [MKFK HVD IRI+N8X HN NYNVD HVD GHK JTE=$ IRI+N8X MN7�NVD HVDGN�=XKIU GK +NK I+N8X I+N8X )NK@ EOI\� [MKFK GH GMXV GN GNVE= �VON �G JK HN:0\IX�NN=IMU GMXN GI%X J6@ WNV OHZSV QVN +NM HVD GNH GMV[N$ \VIGX �J L]G9 J6 IG ODRCI�YN6M IRGNO GV IFXN []NHK�N [MKFK HVD L�N=,U HN N HVD GHK GMXN OD+NR XJKD J6$ \VIGX �_IL[MKFK GV /UMNVD GNV XKSV \NXV GV I\� IRGNO �G YNR�G LZRNU= J6@ \VIGX GVR\ �JKYLXV YNL HVD L�N=,U XJKD J6$ IRGNO GK �VOK L�IU JNVXN +NK PUXN JK HJ5RLZ�N= J6@ IWOOV�VOK I/)NIU�NVD GN IXHN=�N JNV@ IWXHVD IRGNO \N+N XKSV UG LJTDSV$ �J QV>NN [�N J6 IG NJMP8HT>N P_NV[YN�NNIMU IRGNO GK GN�=XKIU GK FNWNM IRGNO GK �VOK GN�=XKIU GV O4\JNVXV GK YI�NG OD+NNRXN J6@ WNV []NHK�N ^NV NVD OV WT0�K JNV YN6M IWOHVD []NHNVD HVD ONHNIWG YN6MYNI)N=G YN�NNM+NZU �NDSV GV IXHN=�N LM ��NX GVI8Q]U IG�N [�N JNV$

�� _IL [MKFK HVD �� GV QNG GV H�� OV GN4K GHK JTE= J6@ \VIGX EO FNMV HVD YN5HUT�9 JNV GM F6%XV GN GNVE= GNM�N XJKD J6$ �� GV LJ\V 1� HJKXV GV ORV=^N�N ÑLZ�N= GVL]NMDI+NG LIM�NNHNVD OV LUN S\UN J6 IG [MKFK HVD GHK YNE= J6$ �IQ MN�9�K� XHZXN ORV=^N�N GVHNHZ\K XHZXNVD GNV QV>NVD@ UNV �� HVD []NHK�N [MKFK GV YNLNU YN6M []NHK�N [MKFNVD GK OD>�N@QNVXNVD HVD RCI� JTE= J6$ EO HTtV LM GNVE= IXISU HU 2�'U GMXV HVD LJ\V �� ORV=^N�NGV LZ�N= LIM�NNHNVD GK L]IU^NN GK WN OGUK J6 IGDUT �J /L�9 J6 IG [MKFK HVD \^�NVD GV YXT�LGHK XJKD YNE= J6$ EOGN �G GNM�N �J JNV OGUN J6 IG IWX GNMGNVD OV �� GV QNG HVD[]NHK�N [MKFK GNV GH GMXV HVD �NV[QNX IH\N )NN@ PXGN WNVM GH L0� [�N JNV YN6M PXHVDOD+NRU� YN6M OT�NNM GK YNR�GUN JNV UNIG L]RCI¿N GNV P\9N WN OGV$ GCI�N IRGNO GK@IWOOV []NHK�N O(L8XUN HVD OFOV YI�NG HJ5RLZ�N= �NV[QNX IH\N J6@ [IU �� GV QNG HVD�NKHK L0� [E= J6 YN6M RJ OF ^NV NVD HVD �G OHNX 46\N JTYN XJKD J6$ EOI\� GCI�N IRGNO GVHN[= HVD FN�NN 0N\XV RN\K XKIU�NVD GK OHK^NN GMXN W�MK J6$ []NHNVD GV GCI�NI+N8X OV'9M GK[IUNK\UN GN +NK@ PL�T'U XKIU�NVD GV WIM� LZMK UMJ OV PL�NV[ IG� WNXV GK W�MU J6$

�� [MKFKIRMNV�NK GN�=�HNVD GK +NZIHGN X GVR\ IRGNO GV GN�=�HNVD GK YXTLZIU= GMXV GVI\�@ YNI)N=G OT�NNMNVD GV FNQ GK YRI�N HVD PL�Tl J6@ FI<G YNI)N=G OT�NNMNVD GV L]IUGZ\ L]+NNRNVD

[ ¿� ª ^ �6 � � «� � »9 [ % ( · Y�

� ¡Y % ( · ±º� �% ([

218

OV []NHK�N [MKFNVD GNV FSNXV GV I\� YN6M +NK YI�NG HJ5RLZ�N= JNV [E= J6$ JN\NDIG EX GN�=�HNVDGV FNMV HVD WNV YXT+NR JTYN J6 RJ �VON XJKD J6@ IWOGK LIMG<LXN GK [E= )NK@ \VIGX GE=/)NNXNVD LM EXGN L]QN=X Y31N MJN J6@ IWOOV YNNN FD�NUK J6$ XN6RKD �NVWXN HVD GNM[MGN�N=8R�X GV I\� []NHK�N ^NV NVD HVD \N+N+NNVI[�NVD GK P5LNQGUN F��NXV GV I\� EX GN�=�HNVD GNLTX[=%X GMXV GK YNR�GUN /RKGNM GK [E= )NK$ [MKFK GH GMXV GV GN�=�HNVD GVGN�N=8R�X GK �G L]HT>N GHWNVMK J6@ PX \NV[NVD `NMN EOHVD +NN[ X I\�N WNXN@ IWXGV I\��V GN�=�H FXN� [� J6D$ EX GN�=�HNVD GK O4\UN GK FJTU OK GJNIX�ND J6D@ IWXOV LUNS\UN J6 IG WJND GJKD \NV[NVD XV IGOK ONHN8� IJU GV I\� YLXV YNLGNV 1NV9V1NV9V IH\VWT\V OHZJNVD HVD [I%U IG�N J6@ RJND PXGV LIM�NNH PX GN�=�HNVD GV LIM�NNHNVD OV GJKD YI�NGFI��N MJV J6D@ IW8JVD \NV[NVD LM OMGNMK NNOXUD `NMN )NNVLN [�N )NN$ UC�NHZ\ /UM LM �VOVL]�NONVD GNV YN6M OTQC�� FXNXV GK YNR�GUN J6@ UNIG [MKFKIRMNV�NK GN�=�HNVD GK GN�=GTN\UNF��NE= WN OGV$ ONl /)NNXK� NNOX OV@ IWOGK YLV^NN LDSNUK MNW OD/)NNYNVD OV GK WNUK J6@WNV \N+N+NNVI[�NVD GK YNR�GUNYNVD GV L]IU ODRVQXNK\ JNV@ WNV []NHK�N [MKFNVD GNV OD[I%U GMXVGNV L]NV5ONJX QV YN6M ONHNIWG \V>NN LMK^NN GV I\� >NT\N JNV@ [MKFK GH GMXV GV GN�=�HNVDGNV FVJUM LIQNX L]�NN\K GN IXHN=�N JNVXV GK YNNN GK WN OGUK J6$ EOGV ON)N ON)N@[]NHK�N IR¿NK� L]�NN\K GN EO L]GNM LTX[=%X IG�N WNXN SNIJ� YN6M POV �VOK XE= IQNN QKWNXK SNIJ� IG RJ []NHK�N [MKFNVD GNV Y31K ON>N RN\V YONHK OH!V@ OMGNMK QNX L]N,UGMXV RN\V YNQNUN XJKD$ [MKFKIRMNV�NK GN�=�HNVD GK PLNQV�UN F��NXV GV I\� P8JVD XE= IQNNL]QNX GK [E= J6$ LTX[=I%U GN�=�H LJ\K YL]6\@ �� OV \N[Z J6D YN6M PXGV I\� IX�NN=IMUPtV�NVD GNV L]N,U GMXV HVD PXGK L]+NNRGNIMUN GN HZ<�NDGX �� R�NNV� GK YRI�N GV FNQ GMXNW�MK JNV[N$

[ ¿� ª ^ �6 � � «� � »9 [ % ( · Y�

� ¡Y % ( · ±º� �% ([

219

OD\;XG �

XN6RKD �NVWXN GV QN6MNX L]HT>N []NHK�N IRGNO GN�=�HNVD GN IRµNK� GN�= IX�LNQX

ÑGMNV0� �L�VÐ

��

¿YXI8UH¾

��

¿YXI8UH¾

��

OD�

GN�=�H

YNFD9X 2�� YNFD9X 2�� YNFD9X 2��

�� WRNJM MNVW[NM �NVWXN# WRNJM []NH OHCI� �NVWXN ¾¾ �� MNVW[NM YNRNOX /GKH¾ �� GKGCU []NHK�N IRGNO GN�=�H# /R�N= W�DUK []NH

/RMNVW[NM �NVWXN x��

�� /RMNVW[NM GV I\� []NH �TRNYNVD GNV L]IN^N�N x �� []NHK�N ^NV NVD HVD HIJ\N YN6M FN\ IRGNO x �� EDIQMN YNRNO �NVWXN �� QO \N>N GTYNVD GK /GKH x �� MN�9�K� ONHNIWG OJN�UN GN�=�H ��

ÑGÐ MN�9�K� RC�NR/)NN LVDNX /GKH �� Ñ>NÐ MN�9�K� LIMRNM \N+N /GKH �� Ñ[Ð MN�9�K� L]OZIU \N+N /GKH ��

¾¾ �� OV WRNJM MNVW[NM �NVWXN GN LTX[=%X WRNJM []NH /HCI� �NVWXN GV �L HVD IG�N [�N J6$

x []NHK�N IRGNO GN�=�HNVD YN6M +NN6IUG L][IU GV FNMV HVD []NH IRGNO HD N\� `NMN �� GNV U6�NM GK [E= IMLNV9= GV YXTONM$

�� UG Y_UX FXN�N [�N$

OD\;XG �

XN6RKD �NVWXN GV QN6MNX L]HT>N []NHK�N IRGNO GN�=�HNVD GN +NN6IUG GN�= IX�LNQX

��

¿YDIUH¾

��

¿YDIUH¾

��

OD�

GN�=�H EGNE=

YNFD9X 2�� YNFD9X 2�� YNFD9X 2�� ´

�� WRNJM MNVW[NM �NVWXN# WRNJM[]NH OHCI� �NVWXN ¾¾

\N>N GN�=IQRO ��

�� MNVW[NM YNRNOX /GKH \N>N GN�=IQRO �� GKGCU []NHK�N IRGNO GN�=�H#

/R�N= W�DUK []NH /RMNVW[NM�NVWXN x

\N>N /ROJN�UNOHZJ@ LIMRNM IW8JVDOJN�UN QK [E=

��

�� /RMNVW[NM GV I\� []NH �TRNYNVDGK L]IN^N�N x

\N>N �TRN IW8JVDOJN�UN QK [E=

��

�� []NHK�N ^NV NVD HVD HIJ\N YN6M FN\IRGNO x

\N>N OHZJ ��

�� EDIQMN YNRNO �NVWXN \N>N "NM �� QO \N>N GTYNVD GK /GKH x \N>N GT�D �� MN�9�K� ONHNIWG OJN�UN

GN�=�HÑGÐ MN�9�K� RC�NR/)NN LVDNX

/GKH\N>N \N+N +NNV[K ��

Ñ>NÐ MN�9�K� LIMRNM \N+N /GKH \N>N \N+N +NNV[K �� Ñ[Ð MN�9�K� L]OZIU \N+N /GKH \N>N \N+N +NNV[K ��

¾¾ WRNJM MNVW[NM �NVWXN GNV �� OV WRNJM []NH /HCI� �NVWXN GV �L HVD LTX[=I%U IG�N [�N J6$

x /R�N= W�DUK []NH /RMNVW[NM �NVWXN �� OV YNE= YNM 0K LK YN6M EOOV ODF� HVD GN�=�HNVD@ Y)NN=U 9�NEOVH@ 0K 0&<�Z OK YNM

�@ �O YNE= 9K YNM � YN6M WK GV RNE=@ YN6M �H 0&<�Z �O GNV IH\N GM NT� GK [E= )NK$

¾ []NHK�N O]NVU IRGNO GN�=�HNVD GK IR¿NK� YN6M +NN6IUG L][IU GV FNMV HVD []NHK�N IRGNO HD N\� `NMN �� GNV U6�NM GK [E= IMLNV9= GV

YXTONM$ O]NVU � []NHK�N IRGNO HD N\�

Documents

X GN = H - Planning Commissionplanningcommission.nic.in/hindi/plans/mta/hmta97_02/hmtach6.pdf · gnv nx hvd x m>nuv jt @ exgn gn n=8r x y\[ y\[ gn = hnvd gv l hvd ig n wnun )nn$ pqnjm