15. 5.

5.1 5.1

:

. , , . .

( , , , ), 300 km/h.

:

FF, .

--, -.

, ,

, , , -.

5.1.1 5.1.1

( , ) .

:

,

, ,

,

, , , .

nn - :

,

- ,

, , , .

:

. , ,

. ,

, , .

, , .

.

(, , ).

, (Rc < 500-600 m), .

(caisse inclinable, tilting body).

2 :

,

v,

,

.

5.1.2 5.1.2

, .

:

.

.

.

:

.

.

.

.

. , ' , :

. (, ,

).

. ( ). (dy/dt). ( ), .

5.2 5.2

, , , .

, :

5 .

5-20 .

.

, .

.

.

.

5.3 5.3

5.3.1. 5.3.1.

Rc , .

, :

Rc > 5000 m 1 000 m < Rc < 5000 m 500 m < Rc < 1000 m 300 m < Rc < 500 m Rc

3 , , .

.

, .

:

.

.

(, , .), .

.

.

.

R, V h , , .

R , , , .

, , . .

5.3.2. 5.3.2.

m V R F, .

:

R

VmF

2.=

( ) , () , .

" ".

h mm.

VV > 40 > 40 km/hkm/h..

5.3.2.1. 5.3.2.1.

h .

.

:

4h

s

h :

BABA

BA

KKs

Ks

KM

KKaFaGy

aFaGx

===

+=+===

2.

2.00:

)sin(.)cos(.0

)cos(.)sin(.0

, 1)cos( a

s

ha =)sin( :

:BA

BA

KK

KKs

hFG

Fs

hG

=

+=+

=

.

.

5.3.2.1.. 5.3.2.1..

G

Fcos(a)

F

Gsin(a)

G

Fs

hG =.

gR

Vsh

R

Vm

s

hgm

.....

22==

)()/(.8,11)(

2

mR

hkmVmmh =

g=9,81m/sec2,s =1500 mm ( ) :

G F, :Fs

hG =.

R, .

, , , .

A=B. . . .

.

,

FaF )cos(.)sin(. aG

bms

hg

R

Vm

s

hgm

R

VmaGF ......)sin(.

22=

==

=

s

hg

R

Vb .

2

5.3.2.1. 5.3.2.1. / /

g

sb

gR

sVhb

R

V

s

hg

bms

hgm

R

VmbmaGF

....

.....)sin(.

22

2

==

+=+=

)sin(.. aGFbm = . .

:

g=9,81m/sec2, s=1500 mm ( ) :

)sec/(.152)(

)/(8,11)( 22

mbmR

hkmVmmh =

, , :

hR

V

R

Vh =

5 (hvmax), . .

(hvmin), . .

5.3.2.2 5.3.2.2

, .

, .

:

. . .

.

h .

.

h(Vmin) < h < h(Vmax)

)()/(.12,7)(

2

mR

hkmVmmh =

, :

5.3.2.3 5.3.2.3

, .

.

hVha = )( max

5.3.2.4 5.3.2.4

:

)( minVhh =

5.3.2.5 5.3.2.5

h h .

.

(hmax, hvmin),

h, a,

hmax

h

65.3.3. 5.3.3.

5.3.3.1. 5.3.3.1.

:

( 1156/2000). , , , , .

,

5.3.3.2. 5.3.3.2.

1)

hmax = 160 mm

2)

max = 105 mm

3)

max = 100 mm

4) hh, , .

H :

i = h/l

, i , , :

)/(144

max

Vi =

r=40mm/sec r=60mm/sec .

Vmax /

)/(216

max

Vi =

imax = 2,5 /.

5) , , .

/60=

5.3.3.3. 5.3.3.3.

h, L, , V

Vmax Vmin

/100max V /140100 max < V

/200140 max < V

/60min =V

/80min =V

/70min =V.

.

.

75.3.3.4 5.3.3.4 , , R R

5.3.3.4. 5.3.3.4. , , R R

R , , ,

RR

V 74,48,11

265max ==

, R< 1250

R > 1250

2max 808,11

205 += RV

Vmax (/) R (.)

5.3.3.4.. 5.3.3.4..

2max

2max

min .0445,0265.8,11

VV

R == , Vmax< 170 /

170 < Vmax < 200 /

Vmax (/) R (.)

)80.(265

.8,11 22maxmin = VR

:

5.3.3.5 5.3.3.5

R

V

R

V

R

V

ah

hh

222

maxmax

max .12,7.8,11.105160

160.8,11. =+=+=

V /

R

h .

5.3.3.5. 5.3.3.5.

R

Vh

2.12,7=

H

b = 0,7 m/secb = 0,7 m/sec22

)sec/(.152)(

)/(.8,11)( 22

min mbmR

hkmVmmh =

b = 0,7m/sec2

:

5.3.3.5. 5.3.3.5.

R

V

R

Va

22 .68,4.8,11.265105 ==

:

).60,0.(8,11.8,11.8,11.265160 2

min2

2min

2VV

RR

V

R

V ==

Vmin

8 Vmax R, , :

hRV .375,0max =

5.

, h = 100

:

160max =h

5.3.3.5. 5.3.3.5.

5.3.4 5.3.4

5.3.4.1 5.3.4.1

R:

,

0 1/R

.

, 1/R

R

1=0== R

( R1 R2) R1 R2

,

3.xy =

3)].[cos(..61

Rl=l L

L

5.3.4.2 5.3.4.2 , :

,

R ,

f

:

3.xy =

3)].[cos(..61

Rl=3

3

)].[cos(..6 RlX

y =

2

.21

1)cos(

+=

R

l

23

23

.21.

..6

+=

R

l

Rl

Xy

L l : 2

.2.

10

+=R

lllL

2

.2.

10

=R

LLLl

95.3.4.2.. 5.3.4.2.. R/3,5R/3,5

L = l

5,3R

L

LR

xy

6

3

f

ml

R 2,43422

f).tan(OK =+

+=

R

l

.24f

2=

5.3.4.3. 5.3.4.3.

f :

:

:

, :

:

)2/cos(1

2sec

a=

mR 03,65f12secf).(K =+

+=

:

L l

, :

144)/().()(min

hkmVmmhml =

5.3.4.4 5.3.4.4

R1 R2 ( R1 > R2) 30. , L1 L2 l1 l2 1 2, :

+=

33

2

2

22..61

22x

ll

lR

Xy

+=

33

1

2

22..61

22x

ll

lR

Xy

R1

R2

1

21

2

22

12 2424 Rl

R

l ==

21

21.RR

RR

=

..24=l

5.3.4.5 5.3.4.5

R1 R2 ( R1 > R2) , ( 30), 1 2 ( ) . :

10

)(cos...6 23

22

3

RlX

y =5,32RL >

22

3

..6 RlX

y =5,32RL

5.3.4.6 5.3.4.6

, .

, 30., .

, , .

5.3.5. 5.3.5.

, :

11

hh, ,

, i , , :

)/(144

max

Vi =

r=40mm/sec r=60mm/sec .

Vmax /

)/(216

max

Vi =

imax = 2,5 /.

. .

5.3.6 5.3.6

:

tmm

= sec)/(

6,3)/(.sec)/( max hkmV

Ltmm

==

:

max = 60 mm/sec

5.4 5.4

.

( ),

2,5%

r :

2)/()(

2 hkmVmr

:

4)/()(

2 hkmVmr

10000 m20000m150 km/h < V < 200 km/h

5000 m10000m100 km/h < V < 150 km/h

2500 m5000mV < 100 km/h

:

.

2.E ri=

r

x

2y

2=

, ,

,

6

12

5.5 5.5

.

2,5 .

=140 = 600 , 140 km/h

2max

2max

min .0445,0265.8,11

VV

R == , Vmax< 170 /

170 < Vmax < 200 /

Vmax (/) R (.)

)80.(265

.8,11 22maxmin = VR

mRVR 2,872.0445,0 min2

maxmin == R = 1000 m

140 /. ( 5.3.3.3 5.3.3.4.).

h .

)()/(.12,7)(

2

mR

hkmVmmh =

, ( 5.3.2.2) :

mmmmh 5,139)( = h = 140 mm

h < hmax = 160 mm

V /

R

h .

( h 5.3.3.2)

H b = 0,7 m/sec2( 5.3.3.5.)

)sec/(.152)(

)/(.8,11)( 22

min mbmR

hkmVmmh =

222

min sec/6,0.1521000140.8,11140.152.8,11 mbbb

R

Vh ===

2max

2 sec/7,0sec/6,0 mbmb =

13

:

mmR

VahVha 3,91140.8,11)(

2

max === :

mmR

VVhh 2,82.8,11140)(

2min

min ==

mmmm

mmamma

1002,82

1053,91

max

max

=

14

. .

?

,

.

144.

minVh

l =

R

Vh

2.12,7=2

maxmin .0445,0 VR =

144

..12,72

min

VR

V

l =144

..0445,0

.12,72

2V

V

V

l =

41,6.12,7 V

l =

2)f).tan().(OK lR ++=

R

l

.24f

2=

41,6.12,7 V

l =

2)f).tan().(OK lR ++=

R

l

.24f

2=

2maxmin .0445,0 VR =

(V)OK =

( 2 )

.

(V) = V .

.

150 km./hr

i = i1 i2 = 8%o

r = V2 / 2 = 11.250m

r = 12.000 m

= i . (r/2) = 0,008 * (12000/2) =

= 48 >

:

r

xy

.2

2=