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პედაგოგიკის დოქტორი, პროფესორი ტრისტან გულბიანი
პედაგოგიკის მეცნიერებათა დოქტორი, პროფესორი ჯემალ ძაგანია
xelburTi saxelmZRvanelo sportis dargis umaRlesi saswavleblebisaTvis
1
winasityvaoba
სახელმძღვანელო განკუთვნილია სპორტის დარგის უმაღლესი სასპორტო სასწავლებლების სტუდენტებისათვის. მისი ავტორები არიან ხელბურთის სამყაროში საკმაოდ ცნობილი მოღვაწეები პროესორები ჯემალ ძაგანია და ტრისტან გულბიანი, რომლებსაც არა ერთი სახელმძღვანელო და სამეცნიერო ნაშრომი აქვთ გამოქვეყნებული ხელბურთის სასწავლო-საწვრთნო პროცესის ოპტიმიზაციის საკითხებზე.
სპორტული წვრთნის სწორად ორგანიზებული პროცესი წარმატებული იქნება მხოლოდ იმ შემთხვევაში თუ მისი პრაქტიკული რეალიზაცია ეყრდნობა მეცნიერულად დასაბუთებულ თეორიას, მრავალწლიანი საწვრთნო პროცესის რაციონალურ სტრუქტურას.
წინამდებარე სახელმძღვანელოში არსებული ლიტერატურული წყაროების განხილვის, მოწინავე გამოცდილების შესწავლა განზოგადებისა და ავტორების მიერ წლების განმავლობაში ხელბურთში წვრთნის საკითხებზე ჩატარებული მეცნიერული გამოკვლევების საფუძველზე გაშუქებულია ხელბურთის თეორიისა და პრაქტიკის საკვანძო საკითხები. სახელმძღვანელოში დიდი ყურადღება აქვს დათმობილი სწავლებისა და წვრთნის ძირითადი კანონზომიერებების განხილვას, ხელბურთელების მრავალწლიანი მომზადების ოპტიმალური აგების საკითხებს.
სახელმძღვანელო დახმარებას გაუწევს ფიზიკური აღზრდის მასწავლებლებს, მწვრთნელებს, სტუდენტებს, მაგისტრანტებსა და დოქტორანტებს.
რეცენზენტები: პედაგოგიკის მეცნიერებათა დოქტორი, პროფესორი შ.ბუაძე. ბიოლოგიის მეცნიერებათა დოქტორი, პროფესორი ჯ.ზალდასტანიშვილი, ბიოლოგიის მეცნიერებათა დოქტორი, პროფესორი გ. რატიშვილი.
2
sarCevi
I Tavi. xelburTi fizikuri aRzrdis sistemaSi
1.1. xelburTis sagani, specializaciis kursis amocanebi da Sinaarsi
fizikuri აღზრდისა და სპორტის უმაღლესი სასწავლებლებისათვის
II Tavi, xelburTis aRmocenebisa da ganviTarebis istoria
2.1. saerTaSoriso xelburTi
2.2. qarTuli xelburTi
Tavi III. xelburTSi sportuli wvrTnis safuZvlebi
3.1. sportuli wvrTna rogorc xelburTelebis momzadebis ZiriTadi forma
3.1.1. fizikuri momzadebა
3.1.2. teqnikuri momzadeba
3.1.3. taqtikuri momzadeba.
3.1.4. saSejibro momzadeba.
3.1.5. fsiqologiuri momzadeba
3.1.5. წვრთნის პრინციპები.
3.2.wvrTnis dagegmva, dagegmvis saxeebi
3.3. sportuli wvrTnis periodizacia
3.4. sawvrTno procesis organizacia
3.5. pedagogiuri kontroli, aRricxva da informacia
3.6. mozardi xelburTelebis SerCevis organizacia da meTodebi
3
3.7. bavSvebi fizikuri Tvisebebis Sefaseba
Tavi IV. xelburTis TamaSis teqnika da teqnikuri momzadeba
4.1. zogadi debulebebi
4.2. TamaSis teqnikuri xerxebi TavdasxmaSi da varjiSebi
4.3. burTis flobis teqnika
4.4. TamaSis teqnikuri xerxebi dacvaSi da varjiSebi
4.5. mekaris TamaSis teqnika
Tavi V.xelburTis TamaSis taqtika da taqtikuri momzadeba. 5.1. zogadi debulebebi 5.2. moTamaSeTa funqciebi 5.3. TavdasxmaSi TamaSis taqtika 5.4. dacvaSi TamaSis taqtika 5.5. gundis xelmZRvaneloba Sejibrebis dros
Tavi VI. fizikuri momzadeba
6.1. zogadi debuleba
6.2. Zalis ganviTareba
6.3. siswrafis ganviTareba
6.4. gamZleobis ganviTareba 6.5. moqnilobis ganviTareba
Tavi VII. sportsmenis fsiqologiuri momzadeba SejibrebisTvis
1. Sejibrebis subieqturi faqtorebis daxasiaTeba
2. fsiqologiuri momzadebis arsi 3. fsiqologiuri momzadebis saxeebi 4. pirovnebis kvlevis meTodebi 5. fsiqologiuri momzadeba konkretuli SejibrebisTvis 6. autogenuri wvrTna
თავი VIII. Sejibrebis organizacia da Catareba
8.1. Sejibrebis roli da mniSvneloba sportuli ostatobis donis amaRlebaSi
8.2. Sejibrebis saxeebi, maTi dajgufeba, Sejibrebis debuleba
4
8.3.Sejibrebis Catarebis sistemebi
Tavi IX. samecniero-kvleviTi muSaobis organizacia da meTodika
9.1. kvlevis meTodebi
I Tavi
1. 1. xelburTi fizikuri aRzrdis sistemaSi
fizikuri aRzrda, rogorc aRzrdis erT-erTi saSualeba, uSualo
kavSirSia adamianis gonebriv ganviTarebasTan, SromiTი, esTetikuri da
zneobrivi Cvevebis CamoyalibebasTan.
fizikuri aRzrdis sistemaSi sportulma TamaSebma da kerZod xelburTma
myarad daimkvidra adgili. igi erT-erTi popularuli TamaSia Cvens
qveyanaSi, mas aswavlian saSualo skolebSi da umaRles saswavleblebSi.
gaxsnilia xelburTis specializirebuli sportuli skolebi, sadac
TamaSis saidumloebas euflebian moswavle axalgazrdebi.
xelburTis TamaSis xelmisawvdomoba (moednis mowyobis simartive,
TamaSis wesebi, inventari), taqtikuri kombinaciebis mravalferovneba,
teqnikuri xerxebis virtuozuli Sesruleba, orTabrZolis emociuroba
ganapirobebs mis popularobas, misdami sxvadasxva asakisa Tu profesiis
adamianTa did siyvaruls. xelburTSi Sejibrebebi tardeba fizikuri
aRzrdis yvela rgolSi: saSualo skolebSi, umaRles da saSualo
specialur saswavleblebSi.
Tanamedrove xelburTis ganviTarebis maRali done mas ayenebs sportis im
saxeobaTa gverdiT, romlebic xels uwyoben adamianis yovelmxriv
ganviTarebas.
1.2 xelburTis sagani, specializaciis kursis amocanebi da Sinaarsi
fizikuri აღზრდისა და სპორტის უმაღლესი სასწავლებლებისათვის
xelburTi, rogorc moswavle axalgazrdobis. სტუდენტებისა და მოსახლეობის fizikuri aRzrdis erT-erTi saSualeba, pedagogikuri
disciplinaa.
5
fizikuri aRzrdisa და sportis umaRlesi dawesebulebis saswavlo
gegmebSi mkafiod aris gamokveTili saswavlo sagnebis oTxi cikli:
sazogadoebriv mecnierebaTa, zogadTeoriuli, samedicino-biologiuri da
sportul-pedagogikuri disciplinebi. isini mWidro urTierTkavSirSi
arian da ganapirobeben maRalkvalificiuri iseTi specialistis
momzadebas, romelsac Seswevs unari imuSaos Cveni qveynis sportuli
moZraobis sxvadasxva sferoSi (maswavleblad, mwvrTnelad,
organizatorad, xelmZRvanel muSakad, mecnier-mkvlevarad). fizikuri
aRzrdisa da sportis umaRlesi saswavleblebis programebSi xelburTi
CarTulia, rogorc aucilebeli saswavlo sagani, romelsac sxva
samecniero-saswavlo disciplinebis msgavsad aqvs Tavisi აღმოცენებისა da ganviTareebis istoria, swavlebis, aRzrdisa da wvrTnis meTodika,
sxvadasxva asakis movarjiSebTan mecadineobis Catarebis meTodebi,
principebi da formebi.
saswavlo disciplinis, kerZod xelburTis swavlebis procesSi,
aucilebelia momavalma specialistebma aiTvison sportis am saxeobis
Teoriuli da praqtikuli unar-Cvevebi.
xelburTis specializaciis studentebma Rrmad da safuZvlianad
unda Seiswavlon:
- fizikuri aRzrdis sistemis socialur-ekonomikuri, organizaciul-
meToduri da mecnieruli safuZvlebi;
- sxvadasxva asakisa da kvalifikaciis xelburTelebis momzadebis
mecnierul-meToduri kerZo meTodebi;
- momijnave disciplinebSi uaxlesi mecnieruli gamokvlevebis
Sedegebi, xelburTis Teoriisa da praqtikis Tanamedrove
mdgomareoba da ZiriTadi tendenciebi;
- xelburTis ganviTarebis istoria, teqnikuri xerxebisa da taqtikis
evolucia, swavlebisa da wvrTnis meTodebis safuZvlebi;
- sportsmenTa zneobrivi da esTetikuri aRzrdis formebi da
meTodebi, zogad pedagogikuri safuZvlebi.
xelburTisa da sxva disciplinebis kursis saerTo amocanebisa da
Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, specialistma unda SeZlos:
- ganaxorcielos xelburTelTa momzadebis dagegmva da kontroli
mis yvela aspeqtSi (fizikuri, teqnikuri, taqtikuri da
fsiqologiuri), movarjiSeTa asakobriv-sqesobrivi da sportuli
kvalifikaciis gaTvaliswinebiT.
- daeuflos ZiriTadi fizikuri Tvisebebis (Zalis, siswrafis,
gamZleobis, simarjvis, simardis) ganviTarebisa da srulyofisTvis
ZiriTadi saSualebebisa da meTodebis farTo arsenals;
6
- maRal profesiul doneze Caataros sxvadasxva mimarTulebis
saswavlo-sawvrTno mecadineobebi, SemoqmedebiTad gamoiyenos Tavis
muSaobaSi is codna da gamocdileba, romelic SeiZina swavlisა და pedagogikuri praqtikis procesSi;
- xelburTSi saswavlo-sawvrTneli mecadineobebis dros farTod
gamoiyenos tanvarjiSis, mZleosnobis, curvis, Zalosnobis,
sportTamaSebis, moZravi TamaSebis da sportis sxva saxeobebis
saprogramo masala;
- xelburTisa da fizikuri aRzrdis aqtualur sakiTxebze Caataros
samecniero-kvleviTi muSaoba, risTvisac farTod gamoiyenos
mecnieruli kvlevis Tanamedrove meTodebi, SeZlos Cveni da
sazRvargareTuli literaturis Rrma mecnieruli gaanalizeba;
- ganaxorcielos aucilebeli organizaciuli, samsajo da meToduri
muSaoba Sejibrebebis, masobriv-gamajansaRebeli da agitacia-
propagandistuli mniSvnelobis sportuli RonisZiebebis
momzadebisa da Catarebis procesSi;
- muSaobis periodSi praqtikulad gamoiyenos is Cvevebi da codna,
romelic swavlis dros SeiZina (pedagogikur da saeqimo
kontrolSi, travmებis profilaqtikaSi, sportul higienaSi,
sportul masaJsa da reabilitaciis saSualebebSi).
yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, xelburTis kursis Teoriuli
da praqtikuli ganayofebis Rrma codna saswavlo gegmis danarCen
disciplinebTan erTad ganapirobebs maRali kvalifikaciis iseTi
specialistebis momzadebas, romelTac SeeZlebaT muSaoba fizikuri
aRzrdis sistemis sxvadasxva sferoSi.
II Tavi
xelburTis aRmocenebisa da ganviTarebis istoria
2.1. saerTaSoriso xelburTi
xelburTis samyaroSi karga xani dominirebda azri imis Sesaxeb, rom
xelburTi, rogorc sportuli TamaSi, Caisaxa da ganviTarda daniaSi.
1898 wels daniis qalaq ordrupis gimnaziis maswavlebelma holger
nilsenma fizikuri aRzrdis gakveTilze moswavle gogonebs aTamaSa
sportuli TamaSi burTiT, romelsac «haandboldi» uwoda, rac
qarTul enaze xelburTs niSnavs.
ukanaskneli wlebis gamokvlevebi ki gvaZlevs imis safuZvels
vamtkicoT, rom xelburTis Casaxvis vadebi ufro adreul periods
ganekuTvneba.
7
1890 wels konrad koxma germaniaSi Seqmna TamaSi burTiT,
«rafboli» (kenigsbergis burTi), romlis idea da elementebi
(gadacema, miReba da burTis tyorcna) safuZvlad daedo xelburTis
germanul variants. imave wels CexeTSi vrceldeba burTis TamaSis
xalxuri saxeoba, romelsac «hazena» (tyorcna, srola) Searqves. es
TamaSi mimdinareobda orTabrZolis gareSe, xdeboda burTis gadacema
da miReba.
am periodisTvis farTod vrceldeba da sayovelTao aRiarebas
ixveWs fexburTi. yalibdeba mravali gundi. igi TandaTan უკანა პლანზე swevs im droisaTvis popularul tanvarjiSul saxeebs.
mozardi Taobis fexburTisadmi ltolvam sagonebelSi Caagdo
sxvadasxva qveynis ganaTlebis sistemis da sportuli kavSirebis
xelmZRvaneli muSakebi. fexburTis cieb-cxelebaze reagireba pirvelad
Cexebma moaxdines. ganaTlebis saministrom gamosca brZanebuleba,
romlis Sesabamisad skolisა da umaRlesi saswavleblebisaTvis
savaldebulo gaxda sxva sportuli TamaSebi. fexburTis
sawinaaRmdegod irCeven TamaSis xalxur variants – «hazenas» da sxva
TamaSebs burTiT. am mimarTulebiT iwyebs Tavis moRvaweobas praRis
fizikuri aRzrdis inspeqtori iozef klenka. momdevno ori wlis
ganmavlobaSi is muSaobs saxelmZRvaneloze «tanvarjiSuli TamaSebi»,
romelic praRaSi gamoica 1892 wels. im droisaTvis cnobili sxva
sportuli TamaSebis gverdiT wignSi didi adgili hqonda daTmobili
axali sportuli TamaSis «hazena tercovas» (tyorcnebi mizanSi)
TamaSis wesebs.
iozef klenkas wesebis Tanaxmad TamaSi mimdinareobda or gunds
Soris 6-6 kacis monawileobiT. moednis zomebi iyo: sigrZe – 60-80
metri, sigane – 25-30 metri. gundis mier burTis flobis dro
ganisazRvreba 2 wuTiT, ris Semdegac aucilebeli iyo burTis tyorcna
mizanSi (samizne warmoadgenda wres, diametriT 1 metri). dgarebze
damagrebuli wre idgmeboda gundebis piriTi xazis centrSi.
aRniSnuli wris zemo nawili miwidan (iatakidan) 250 sm-iT iyo
daSorebuli.
ese igi, nilseniseuli xelburTis warmoSobamde CexeთSi ukve 6
wliT adre arsebobda TamaSis wesebi, romelTac, sxvaTaSoris, Zalian
bevri hqondaT saerTo Tanamedrove xelburTis ZiriTad elementebTan
(burTis gadacemebi, miReba da tyorcna karSi).
momdevno 16 wlis ganmavlobaSi iozef klenkas wigni oTxjer
gamoica, Tumca “hazena” karga xniT SeumCneveli rCeboda.am TamaSis
8
arapopularobis ZiriTadi mizezi iyo sportuli orTabrZolis
ararseboba.
iozef klenkas “hazenasagan” gansxvavebiT danieli holger nilsenis
“haandboldSi” samizne wris nacvlad gaCnda karebi, romlebsac hyavda
amisTvis specialurad gamoyofili meurve-mekare. “isesxa” ra gundis
Semadgenlobis raodenoba, karebi da mekare fexburTisagan, h. nilsenma
miiRo TamaSi, romelic warmoadgenda xelburTi 11:11 safuZvels.
ukanasknel dromde cnobili versia, rom jer gamogonil iqna
xelburTi 7:7-ze, mcdari aRmoCnda “haandboldis” wesebSi, romlebic
1906 wels h. Nნilsეnis mier iqna gamocemuli q. kopenhagenSi, iyo
gundis Semadgenlobis 2 varianti: TiToeul gundSi 16 da 11 moTamaSe
(ragbisa da fexburTis wesebis Sesabamisad). xangrZlivi drois
manZilze am TamaSmac ver hpova popularoba daniel axalgazrdebSi
gamokveTili sportuli orTabrZolis ararsebobis gamo. holger
nilsenis udavo avtorobad unda CaiTvalos karis zomebi 300X200 sm-ze,
rac dResac SenarCunebulia Tanamedrove xelburTSi.
XX saukunis pirveli aTwleulis Sua ricxvebamde klenkas “hazenam”
da nilsenis “haandboldma” ver moipoves aRiareba. miuxedavad amisa,
TamaSis optimaluri variantis Zieba grZeldeboda.
1905 wels JurnalSi “fizikuri aRzrda”, romelic qalaq brnoSi
gamodioda, meeqvse nomerSi gamoqveynda “vrgana z pregaSenimi” – s
(tyorcnebi gadacemebiT) TamaSis wesebi, romelTa avtori gaxldaT q.
praRis smixovskis realuri saswavleblis fizikuri aRzrdis
maswavlebeli vaclav karasi. Tamasi imeorebda cnobili “hazenas”
variants, magram gaaCnda mTeli rigi siaxleebic: gundis Semadgenloba
gaizarda 9 kacamde da rogorc nilsenis “haandboldSi”, aqac gauCnda
kars damcveli – mekare.
am droisaTvis holger nilseni gaxda daniis fizikuri aRzrdis
inspeqtori. am Tanamdebobam mas misca SesaZlebloba ufro arsebiTi
zegavlena moexdina saswavlo dawesebulebebis fizikuri aRzrdis
maswavleblebze, raTa maT SeetanaaT “haandboldi” saskolo
programebSi.
“haandbold”- iT daintereseba gamoiCines daniis armies sportis
mesveurebma, romlebmac am TamaSSi dainaxes jariskacebis fizikuri
aRzrdis saukeTeso saSualeba.
yovelive aman ganapiroba daniis “haandboldis” nacionaluri
kavSiris Seqmna, romelmac Tavis Tavze aiRo TamaSis propagandis saqme.
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zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom rogorc
CexoslovakiaSi, ise daniaSi am sportuli TamaSis variantebi
damoukideblad viTardeboda, magram isic unda aRiniSnos, rom am
saqmeSi garkveuli prioriteti mainc Cexebs ekuTvnodaT, vinaidan maT
pirvelebma amcnes msoflios axali sportuli TamaSis Sesaxeb presis
saSualebiT.
1905 wlidan “hazenas” propagandis saqmes xeli mohkida antonin
kristofma, tanvarjiSis maswavlebelma praRidan. niWierma pedagogma,
sportuli TamaSebis mgznebare propagandistma gadamwyveti roli
iTamaSa “hazenas” modernizaciis saqmeSi da misi TamaSis wesebi
srulyofamde miiyvana. “hazenam” ukve 1907 wlisTvis gadalaxa praRis
sazRvrebi da Cexoslovakiis sxva mxareebis sakuTrebadac iqca.
“hazenas” pirveli srulyofili wesebi a. kristofis redaqciiT
praRaSi 1908 wels gamoica.
am wesebis Tanaxmad, TamaSi tardeboda moedanze, riomlis zoma iyo
45X25 metri. gundis SemadgenlobaSi iyo 7 kaci. samiznes warmoadgenda
karebi zomiT 200X250 sm. nebadarTuli iyo sportuli orTabrZola.
moedans hqonda sami zona: dacvis, Sua nawilis, da Tavdasxmis. Dacvis
erT-erT moTamaSes (mekares) ufleba eZleoda daecva Tavisi kari
uSualod mekaris moedanSi (romelic warmoadgenda sworkuTxeds
zomiT 6X4 metri). gundSi iyvnen: mekare, damcveli, ori
naxevardamcveli da sami Tavdamsxmeli. cxra wlis Semdeg TamaSis
zustad es vaerianti Sevida germanuli xelburTis 11:11-is
nairsaxeobaSi, oRond saTamaSo moednis zomebi gacilebiT ufro didi
iyo.
a. kristofi ganagrZobda TamaSis wesebis calkeul niuansebze
muSaobas da 1909 wels is aqveynebs mas axali redaqciiT. Miuxedavad
imisa, rom “hazenas” irgvliv seriozuli muSaoba mimdinareobda, jer
kidev ver iqna da ver moxerxda iseTi Sejibrebis Catareba, romelic
gamoavlenda gamarjvebul gunds – Cempions. pirvel rigSi es
ganpirobebuli iyo imiT, rom am droisTvis ar arsebobda erTiani
makoordinirebuli organo, romelic Tavis Tavze aiRebda gabneul
gundebze kontrolis funqcias.
Q 1909 wlis seqtemberSi praRis kafe “unionSi” a. kristofis
aqtiuri monawileobiT iqmneba qalaq praRis “hazenas” gundebis
sakavSirio komisia, romelic mowodebuli iyo erT organizmad
gaeerTianebina am TamaSis moyvarulebi. am axladSeqmnili komisiis
cxovrebaSi RirsSesaniSnavi iyo pirveli seriozuli movlena, rodesac
maTi iniciativiT CexeTis olimpiadaze Catarebul iqna saCvenebeli
10
matCi qalTa gundebis monawileobiT: “praRis” da “vinogradis”,
“hazenas” klubebs Soris.
amave periodisaTvis iwyeba TamaSebi Sereuli gundebisaTvis,
romelTa SemadgenlobaSi iyvnen rogorc mamakacebi, ise qalebi.
Rogorc wesi, yovel gundSi gamodioda 5 mamakaci da 4 qali.
praqtikaSi mtkiced moikida fexi 9-kacianma gundebma. ATamaSis wesebis
aseTma SeuTanxmeblobam da azrTa sxvadasxvaobam sagrZnobi ziani
miayena sportul “hazenas”. Miuxedavad imisa, rom Sereuli gundebis
mowinaaRmdegeTa raodenoba sakmarisad mravali iyo, igi 1921 wlamde
mainc agrZelebda arsebobas.
a. kristofis gardacvalebis Semdeg (1910w.) ramodenime xniT “hazena”
inarCunebda im pirvandel saxes, romelic mas misca Aam niWierma da
mizanswrafulma adamianma. tardeba ramodenime saCvenebeli TamaSi, maT
Soris CexeTis olimpiadaze 1911 wels.
miuxedavad imisa, rom saeTaSoriso “Sevardeniadas” TamaSebze 1912
wlis 9 ivniss Catarebul iqna kristofiseuli “hazenas” matCi,
“Sevardenis” organizaciebi mas ar aRiarebdnen da propagandas
uwevdnen 9-kaciani gundebis Sereul variants.
orTabrZola or mimarTulebas –sportul da Sevardenis “hazenas”
Soris mimdinareobda 1925 wlamde – sanam ar iqna miRebuli saboloo
gadawyvetileba – daenergaT mxolod sportuli “hazena” 7 kacis
SemadgenlobiT.
aRsaniSnavia, rom saerTaSoriso “Sevardeniadas” TamaSebze
imyofeboda ruseTis delegacia, romelsac gadasces “hazenas” TamaSis
wesebi.
1914 wlis dasawyisisaTvis sportuli TamaSebis samyaros Seemata
kidev erTi – “ukrainuli xelburTi”, romlis avtori iyo gimnaziis
maswavlebeli e.f. mali. unda aRiniSnos, rom es TamaSi Tavisi wesebiT
ufro srulyofili da stabiluri iyo, vidre misi winamorbedi –
Cexuri “hazena” da daniuri “haandboldi”. Mmxolod pirvelma msoflio
omma SeuSala xeli “ukrainul” xelburTs, rom mas kuTvnili adgili
daekavebina TamaSis ganviTarebis istoriaSi.
1915 wels potsdameli ernst Sulci gvTavazobs tanvarjiSul
TamaSs “torball” (burTi karSi), romelic “hazenas”, “haandboldis”,
“ukrainuli” xelburTis da fexburTis hibrids warmoadgenda.
miuxedavad brandenburgis masobrivi tanvarjiSuli sazogadoebis
aqtiuri mxardaWerisa, Sulcis TamaSma ver hpova aRiareba da
gavrceleba. da mxolod mas Semdeg, rac germaniis tanvarjiSis
11
wamyvanma maswavleblebma (1917w.) miaqcies mas yuradReba, man miiRo
xelburTi 11:11-isaTvis damaxasiaTebeli moxazuloba.
1917 wlis GTebervalSi berlineli maqs haizeri, iRebs ra e.
Sulcis “torball”-s Sevardeniseul “hazenas” da daniur
“haandbolds” safuZvlad, qmnis principulad gansxvavebul, GTamaSis
sruliad axal variants TerTmeti moTamaSiT. swored es TamaSi iqca
SemdgomSi xelburTi 11:11-is klasikuri variantis bazisad.
1917 wlis 29 oqtombers germaniis sportul-tanvarjiSuli kavSiris
(doiCe turneSaft) brandenburgis olqis berlinis sabWom miiRo
gadawyvetileba daemtkicebinaT maqs haizeris winadadeba rogorc
“xelburTis TamaSi qalTa ganyofilebisaTvis” da mieniWebinaT misTvis
saxelwodeba “xelburTi” (Hhandbal)
momdevno ori wlis manZilze germaniis fizikuri aRzrdis umaRlesi
skolis docentma karl Selencma m. haizerTan erTad safuZvlianad
srulyves TamaSis wesebi. pirvel variantSi maT moedani gaadides 90-
100X50-60 metramde karebiT 500X210 sm. karSi tyorcnis manZili
gansazRvres: qalebisaTvis 8, xolo mamakacebisTvis 11 metriT.
Semcirda burTis garSemowerilobac da man 60-64 sm. Seadgina.
pirvelad iqna dafiqsirebuli, rom TamaSi iyo gankuTvnili rogorc
qalebis, ise mamakacebisaTvis.
swored TamaSis wesebisadmi k. Selencis profesionalurma midgomam
ganapiroba xelburTi 11:11-is is popularoba, romelic man momdevno
ocwleulSi moipova.
axali wesebiT pirveli TamaSi Catarda 1919 wlis 1 maiss berlinis
erT-erT uZveles stadionze – SarlotenbergSi. 1920 wlis
oqtombrisaTvis TamaSis wesebis pirveli variantis formireba
ZiriTadad damTavrebuli iyo da igi 1921 wels gamoica v. ambergeris
mier qalaq laifcigSi. miuxedavad amisa, wesebis srulyofaze muSaoba
grZeldeboda 1923 wlamde.
k. Selencis TavkacobiT da misi daJinebuli moTxovniT TamaSi
Setanil iqna germaniis fizikuri aRzrdis umaRlesi skolis
studentTa swavlebis kursSi, romelic SemdgomSi iqca TamaSis
ganviTarebis mTavar meTodur centrad rogorc germaniaSi, ise
sazRvargareT.
k. Selencis damsaxureba is aris, rom man drois SedarebiT mcire
monakvetSi SeZlo sakmaod kvalificirebulad miegno TamaSis wesebis
optimaluri variantisaTvis. erTdroulad is propagandas uwevda
TamaSs germaniasa da mis farglebs gareT. sakmarisia iTqvas, rom ukve
12
1918 wlisaTvis germaniis sportuli klubebis funqcionirebis
SemweobiT TamaSi cnobili gaxda urugvaelebisaTvis, erTi wlis
Semdeg ki amerikis SeerTebuli StatebisaTvis, sadac 1919 wels los-
anjelesSi imarTeba kidec pirveli oficialuri Sejibreba xelburTSi
11:11-ze. Selenciseuli xelburTi daniis samefos sazRvrebsac miadga,
gadalaxa igi da garkveuli xniT mTlianad gandevna kidec
adgilobrivi “haandboldi”.
1918 wels saerTaSoriso sportul rukaze mkafiod aRiniSneba
TamaSis ori, erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebuli mimarTuleba: Cexuri
“hazena”, romelic ZiriTadad aRmosavleTiT vrceldeba da germanuli
xelburTi, romelic samxreTiT da dasavleTiT miiswrafvis.
TavisTavad viTardeboda ukrainuli xelburTi, magram is ZiriTadad
ver gascda Tavisi qveynis farglebs. jer Sida mwvave politikuri
viTarebis da Semdgom samoqalaqo omis dawyebis gamo moispo
yovelgvari piroba sportis ganviTarebisaTvis.
damoukidebeli Cexoslovakiis saxelmwifos Camoyalibebam xeli
Seuwyo “hazenas” wreebis aRdgenis saqmes, romelic Sewyda pirveli
msoflio omis wlebSi. a. kristofis mier dawyebuli saqme gaagrZela
misma moswavlem ioJef trantinam, romelis damsaxurebad unda
CaiTvalos sportuli “hazenas” aRorZineba. Zneli aRmoCnda am saqmis
ganxorcieleba, radgan “Sevardeniseuli” “hazenas” mesveurebi
poziciebs ar Tmobdnen, magram trantinas daJinebam Tavisi gaitana da
dava sportuli “hazenas” sasargeblod gadawyda.
1919 wlisaTvis tardeba pirveli oficialuri masobrivi Sejibrebi
sportul hazenaSi. praRaSi, brnoSi, preSovSi da Cexoslovakiis kidev
Teqvsmet qalaqSi pirvelobas erTmaneTs ecileboda qalTa 47
koleqtivi.
hazenas mravalricxovani klubebis arseboba, romelic
Cexoslovakiis qalaqebsa da soflebSi iqmneboda, ar SeiZleboda
makoordinebeli organos gareSe. swored am mizniT i. trantinis
iniciativiT 1919 wels 16 agvistos Catarda mosamzadebeli komitetis
darbazi, romelsac unda Camoeyalibebina Cexoslovakiis “hazenas”
kavSiri. 1920 wlis 19 Tebervals iqmneba Cexoslovakiis “hazenas” da
qalTa sportis kavSiri, romelic aerTianebda 167 klubs 2 000-ze meti
moTamaSiT. axladSeqmnili kavSiris pirvel prezidentad arCeuli iqna
ioJef trantina, romelic SemdegSi xelburTis saerTaSoriso
federaciis erT-erTi TvalsaCino moRvawe gaxda.
1920 wlisaTvis “hazena” iqca saerTaSoriso sportul TamaSad.
venaSi iqmneba “hazenas” pirveli klubi “venis slovani”. amave periodSi
13
sportklub “unionis” (q. JiJkova) SemweobiT iugoslaviis qalaqSi
zagrebsa da novi sadSi yalibdeba gundebi. did dainteresebas iCenen
TamaSisadmi berlinSi.
1921 weli niSandoblivia imiT, rom Catarda Cexoslovakiis pirveli
Cempionati “hazenaSi”. qalTa Soris pirveli gamarjvebuli gundi iyo
“pordubice”. Sejibrebebi mamakacTa Soris daiwyo 1923 wlidan. aq
gamarjvebuli gamovida “holidanis” gundi. amave wlidan CexeTis
“hazenas” kavSiri mWidro kontaqtebs amyarbs iugoslaviis mZleosnobis
kavSirTan (q. zagrebi), romelmac daiwyo “hazenas” kultivireba.
aseTive mimarTulebiT ikvlevda gzas Tavisi qveynis farglebs
gareT germanuli xelburTi. germaneli specialistebisa da sportuli
klubebis xelSewyobiT iqmneba argentinis xelburTis federacia,
romelic atarebs sxvadasxva saxis Sejibrebs.
1921 wlis 31 oqtombers parizSi safrangeTis, Cexoslovakiis,
inglisis, italiis, espaneTis, Sveciisa da amerikis SeerTebuli
Statebis delegaciebis monawileobiT iqmneba im droisaTvis udidesi
saerTaSoriso sportuli organizacia “fsfi” (qalTa sportis
saerTaSoriso federacia). am federacias saTaveSi Caudga kongresis
erT-erTi iniciatori, frangi qalbatoni a. miliati.
axladSeqmnilma saerTaSoriso organizaciam dauyovnebliv scno
“hazena” sportis damoukidebel saxeobad da Seqmna Sesabamisi komisia,
romelsac saTaveSi i. trantina Caudga. erTdroulad igi airCies
“fsfi”-is prezidentad. aqve, yovelgvari Sesworebebis gareSe
daamtkices “hazenas” TamaSis CexoslovakiaSi moqmedi wesebi dam as
saerTaSoriso statusi mianiWes.
amrigad, SeiZleba dasabuTebulad iTqvas, rom xelburTis
nairsaxeobebs Soris swored “hazena” gaxda pirveli TamaSi, romelmac
moipova oficialurisaerTaSorisoaRiareba.
“fsfi”-s kongresi agreTve Rebulobs mTel rig mniSvnelovan
gadawyvetilebs, romelTagan sayuradReboa qalTa olimpiadebis
Catareba yovel oTx weliwadSi erTxel. Cexoslovakiis delegaciis
winadadebiT am olimpiadis programaSi Setanil iqna “hazena”.
mniSvnelovania isic, rom germaneli e. reimani “hazenas” TamaSis wesebs
Targmnis Tavis mSobliur enaze, xolo CexeT-budeevices merve
gimnaziis studenti iozef uberxuberi – italiur enaze.
Cexoslovakiis “hazenas” kavSiri Tavis rigebSi ayalibebs
saerTaSoriso samdivno, romelsac Tavkacobs vaclav valouSeki,
zemoxsenebuli kongresis delegati Cexoslovakiis mxridan. es
samdivno organizacias uwevs da Targmnis TamaSebis wesebs frangul,
14
ungrul da polonur enebze, stambavs maT da agzavnis am qveynebSi. r.
oileras TargmaniT gamodis “hazenas” TamaSis wesebis oficialuri
gamocema germanul enaze.
“hazenas” debiuti saerTaSoriso arenaze 1922 wlis martis bolos q.
monte-karloSi Sedga. qalTa “saerTaSoriso gazafxulis”
dResaswaulze CexeTisa da moraviis gundebma gamarTes sami
saCvenebeli matCi. sainteresoa, rom TiToeul gundSi gamodioda oTx-
oTxi Cexi da sam-sami frangi qali. TamaSebi damTavrda angariSiT 2:1,
4:0 da 3:2. am Sexvedrebma didi mowoneba daimsaxura dResaswaulis
monawileTa Soris.
rogorc Cans, “hazena” sami wliT adre gasula saerTaSoriso
sarbielze, vidre germanuli xelburTi. saklubo gundebs Soris
pirveli saerTaSoriso Sexvedra gaimarTA 1922 wlis 12 agvistos
iugoslaviis q. zagrebSi, sadac adgilobrivma klubma “xask” –m waago
CexeTis q. Jidenices gundTan angariSiT 3:12. unda aRiniSnos, rom am
matCs 5000 mayurebeli eswreboda.
marTalia, 1922 wlis 16-24 agvistos “fsfi”-is egidiT Catarda qalTa
pirveli msoflio TamaSebi, magram miuxedavad Cexoslovakiis “hazenas”
kavSiris daJinebuli moTxovnisa, es TamaSi programaSi ar iqna
Setanili.
am droisaTvis “fsfi” ganicdida Tavis pirvel da araukanasknel
kriziss. germania aSkarad ignorirebas ukeTebs am organizacias da
germanulenovani qveynebi ar Sedian mis SemadgenlobaSi. evropas guls
uRrRnida politikuri vnebebi, romlebic pirveli omis Semdeg jer
kidev ar iyo damcxrali, mravali qveyana imyofeboda konfrontaciis
mdgomareobaSi. yovelive es Tavis daRs asvams saerTaSoriso sportis
ganviTarebis saqme, maT Soris “hazenasac”, romelsac aqtiurad
mxolod CexoslovakiaSi, iugoslaviaSi, nawilobriv poloneTsa da
safrangeTSi Tu aqcevdnen yuradRebas. Tumca garkveul interess
TamaSisadmi iCenen berlinSi, venaSi, budapeStSi, buqarestSi aziisa da
amerikis zogierT qveyanaSi.
miuxedavad amisa, 1922 wels xelburTi 11:11-is gundebi gamoCndnen
avstriasa da iaponiaSi, erTi wlis mogvianebiT – belgiasa da
niderlandebSi. am periodisaTvis sagrZnoblad imagrebs poziciebs
germaniis nacionaluri xelburTi, sadac Catarda kidec qveynis
pirveli Cempionati. mTlianad germaniis 18 sportul tanvarjiSul
olqSi masiur SejubrebebSi monawileoba miiro 1000-mde gundma.
15
msoflio sportul moZraobaSi gavlenis sferos mosapoveblad
gaafTrebuli brZola mimdinareobda “fsfi”-sa da “iaaf”-s
(samoyvarulo aTletizmis saerTaSoriso federacia) Soris.
“fsfi”-is mniSvnelovan miRwevad unda CaiTvalos 1923 wlis 6
aprils gamarTuli sanqcionirebuli Sexvedra Cexoslovakiisa da
safrangeTis qalTa gundebs Soris. es matCi praRaSi gaimarTa da
damTavrda Cexebis gamarjvebiT angariSiT 9:2. unda aRiniSnos, rom es
iyo pirveli oficialuri saerTaSoriso matCi nakrebi gundebis
doneze.
magram “hazena” mainc ganwiruli aRmoCnda. mas “fsfi”-s garda ar
hyavda ufro gavleniani mfarveli organizacia. saerTaSoriso
xelburTma (ukve ar eZaxdnen germanul xelburTs) ki germaniis
fizikuri aRzrdis umaRlesi skolis saxiT, misi warmomadgenlebis
sistemuri da saqmiani kontaqtebis meSveobiT, ufro naTlad gamokveTa
Tavisi konturebi da 1925 wlisTvis yvela winapiroba Seqmna imisaTvis,
rom ganviTarebuli qveynebis xelburTis nacionalur gaerTianebebs
TavianTi saerTaSoriso organizaciis Sesaqmnelad ezrunaT.
1924 wlis dasawyisisaTvis saerTaSoriso sportul arenaze
dafiqsirda xelburTis sami damoukidebeli nairsaxeoba: Cexuri
“hazena”, romelic Cexoslovakiis sazRvebs gareT viTardeboda mxolod
qalTa Soris, germanuli xelburTi 11 moTamaSiT da ZiriTadad
mamakacebisaTvis, “ukrainuli” xelburTi, romelic yvelaze naTlad
asaxavda TamaSis arss.
“hazenas” da xelburTis saerTaSoriso geografiis gazrdam,
xelburTis nairsaxeobaTa mimdevrebis konfliqturi situaciebis
gaRrmavebam “iaaf”-is xelmZRvaneloba aiZula efiqra SeeqmnaT erTiani
saerTaSoriso organo, romelic SeZlebda exelmZRvanela sportuli
TamaSebis ganviTarebisaTvis. am periodisaTvis Zalze popularuli iyo
sxva TamaSebi (kalaTburTi, frenburTi da sxva), romlebsac ar
gaaCndaT saerTaSoriso federaciebi.
1926 wlis agvistoSi “iaaf”- ma Tavis kongresze haagaSi miiRo
gadawyvetileba SeeqmnaT sportuli TamaSebis komisia, romlic
gaaerTianebda xelburTs, kalaTburTs, frenburTs, “hazenas”
“faustbols” da “kortbols”. am komisiis droebiT prezidentad
dainiSna germaneli f. langi.
1926 wlis 27-28 noembers germaniis qalaq kiolnis ratuSaSi
gaimarTa am komisiis pirveli samuSao sxdoma, romelzec arCeul iqna
Aaxali saerTaSoriso organizaciis xelmZRvaneli muSakebi.
prezidenti gaxda f. langi, xelmZRvanel organoSi Sevidnen
16
avstraliis, inglisis, avstriis, irlandiis da safrangeTis
warmomadgenlebi. aqve moxda xelburTis gayofa or nairsaxeobad:
xelburTi 7:7 da 11:11. Seiqmna xelburTi 11:11-is saerTaSoriso wesebis
Semdgeneli komisia, romelsac saTaveSi Svedi i. karlsoni Caudga.
1927 wlis 12 agvistos q. amsterdamSi komisiis meore sxdomaze
damtkicebul iqna wesebi xelburTSi 11:11. unda aRiniSnos, rom am
wesebis safuZvlad aRebul iqna k. Selencis wesebis germanuli
varianti. imave wels germaniaSi gamocemul iqna pirveli saerTaSoriso
wesebi xelburTSi 11:11-ze germanul enaze. sainteresoa aRiniSnos, rom
dReisaTvis ukve iSviaTobad qceuli erT-erTi egzemplari am wesebisa
inaxeba ruseTis centralur biblioTekaSi q. moskovSi. 1928 wlisaTvis
wesebi gamodis germanul, inglisur da frangul enebze.
1928 wlis 4 agvistos q. amsterdamSi daniis, germaniis, saberZneTis,
irlandiis, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis, kanadis, safrangeTis,
fineTis, avstriis, Sveciisa da Cexoslovakiis warmomadgenelTa
monawileobiT fuZndeba xelburTis saerTaSoriso federacia – “iagf”
(internacionalen amater-handbal-federacion). federaciis
prezidentad irCeven f. langs, mdivnad – germanel f. xaslers,
wevrebad – everi brendejs (saerTaSoriso olimpiuri komitetis
momaval prezidents), kanadel d. krokers, avstraliel a. Svarcs da
Cex a. trantinas. aq aucileblad migvaCnia ganvmartoT “iagf”-is
funqcia, romelsac didi xnis manZilze xelburTis moyvarulTa
saerTaSoriso federacias uwodebdnen, sinamdvileSi ki es dasaxeleba
sul sxvas niSnavda. eZebdnen ra axlad dafuZnebuli federaciis
dasaxelebas, komisiis wevrebi iTvaliswinebdnen, rom es komisia
aerTianebda sxvadasxva saxis xuT sportul TamaSs, romlebsac
erTmaneTTan akavSirebda mxolod erTi ram – burTis xeliT TamaSi.
mosamzadebeli komisiis wevrebi mividnen im daskvnamde, rom
zemoxsenebuli federaciisTvis ewodebinaT xelburTis federacia,
rogorc xuTi sportuli TamaSis gamaerTianebeli. bunebrivia, ufro
zusti dasaxeleba SeiZleboda yofiliyo “sportuli TamaSebis
saerTaSoriso samoyvarulo federacia”, magram im droisaTvis es
aravis gauTvaliswinebia da amitom sportis specialistebis didi
umravlesoba karga xans dabneulic ki iyo.
“iagf” iyo saerTaSoriso sportuli federacia, romelic Tavis
rigebSi aerTianebda komisiebs kalaTburTSi, xelburTSi 11:11 da
“kortbolSi”, danarCeni ori ki mxolod moixsenieboda “iagf”-is
SemadgenlobaSi. maT ar hyavdaT damoukidebeli xelmZRvaneli organo.
1932 wels “iagf”-is komisias gamoeyo kalaTburTi, romelmac Seqmna
damoukidebeli federacia.
17
xelburTis komisiis pirvel prezidentad arCeul iqna Svedi i.
karlsoni, mdivnad – germaneli v. burmisteri, wevrebad – avstrieli e.
tiSleri da poloneli k. xrapovicki
1934 wlis 30 agvistos “iagf”-is mesame kongresze Sveciis qalaq
stokholmSi Camoyalibda frenburTis – “faustbolis” da “hazenas”
komisiebi. am komisiebis prezidentad arCeul iqna Cexi g. bareSi.
“iagf”-i arsebobda 1944 wlamde, ris Semdegac is daiSala.
1926 wlidan, rodesac xelburTi aRiarebul iqna sportis
saerTaSoriso saxeobad, mas farTo gaqaneba mieca msoflios rig
qveynebSi. luqsemburgsa da SveicariaSi gamoCnda klubebi, romlebmac
daiwyes xelburTis kultivireba. am qveynebSi ukve 1927 wlidan
imarTeba erovnuli Cempionatebi. 30-iani wlebisTvis gundebi yalibdeba
Soreul islandiaSi. 1930 wlisaTvis xelburTma 11:11-ze, anu didma
xelburTma mtkiced moikida fexi avstriaSi, ungreTSi, argentinaSi,
braziliaSi, amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi, urugvaiSi; imarTeboda
TamaSebi ruseTSi, amierkavkasiaSi, ukrainaSi da baltiispireTis
qveynebSi.
fsfi-is xelmZRvanelobiTa da misi egidiT Catarebul iqna qalTa
ori Cempionati “hazenaSi”. 1930 wels praRaSi gaimarjva Cexoslovakiis
nakrebma gundma, xolo 1934 wels londonSi – iugoslavielebma.
“iagf”-is mesame kongresze didi gamarjveba moipova xelburTma 7:7-
ze. aq damtkicebul iqna TamaSis pirveli saerTaSoriso wesebi.
saerTaSoriso federaciebis wevrTa raodenoba gaizarda 26-mde.
TamaSis gulSematkivarTa msoflio TanamegobrobaSi miRebul iqnen
estoneli sportsmenebi. federaciis SemadgenlobaSi Sevida msoflios
erT-erTi umciresi qveyana – haiti. “iagf”-is axal prezidentad arCeul
iqna germaneli doqtori karl ritter fon halti.
“didi” xelburTis mzardi popularobis dadasturebaa is, rom 1934
wlis 8 maiss briuselSi saerTaSoriso olimpiuri komitetis
kongresma miiRo gadawyvetileba SeetanaT xelburTi 11:11-ze 1936 wlis
XI olimpiuri TamaSebis programaSi. miuxedavad germanuli xelburTis
aseTi warmatebisa, “hazenas” mesveurebi far-xmals ar yridnen da
ganagrZobdnen TavianTi sportuli TamaSis popularizacias. 1934
wlisTvis “hazenas” TamaSis wesebi Cndeba bulgareTSi, latviaSi,
litvaSi da rumineTSi. erTi wlis Semdeg TamaSis wesebi
gamoqveynebul iqna inglisSi saxelwodebiT “geim of hazena” (hazenas
TamaSi). miuxedavad amisa hazenas bedi, rogorc es Semdgomma
movlenebma gviCvena, gadawyvetili iyo. saerTaSoriso sportuli
organizaciebis, romelTa saTaveebSi ZiriTadad pronacisturad
18
ganwyobili moRvawebi idgnen, ar surdaT TavianT leqsikonSi slavuri
sityva “hazena” CaerToT da amitom amjobines ufro mSobliuri
“handboli” (xelburTi).
xelburTisadmi olimpiuri statusis miniWebam konservatiuli
skandinavielebi aiZula wasuliyvnen kontaqtebze im qveynebTan,
romlebSic warmatebiT viTardeboda “didi xelburTi”. 1934 wlis 26
agvistos pirvelad daniis xelburTis istoriaSi q. kopenhagenSi
Catarda saerTaSoriso Sexvedra. danielebis mowinaaRmdege iyo
germaniis gundi, romelmac advilad daamarcxa maspinZlebi angariSiT
16:5. meore matCi germanelebma 31 agvistos gamarTes SvedeTis nakrebTan
q. stokholmSi. SvedebisaTvisac es pirveli oficialuri saerTaSoriso
Sexvedra iyo. germanelebma aqac iolad gaimarjves – 18:7. etyoba
“germanuli xelburTis” gakveTilebi maincdamainc ar moewonaT
skandinavielebs, romlebmac sabolood uari ganacxades olimpiur
TamaSebSi monawileobaze.
1935 wlis 8 marts q. kopenhagenSi danieli arbitris olstis
msajobiT Catarda xelburTi 7:7 –is saerTaSoriso debiuti. Svedebma
angariSiT 18:12 daamarcxes danielebi, riTac «mcire xelburTSi»
lideris poziciebi moipoves. olimpiuri TamaSebis programaSi “didi
xelburTis” Setanam sagrZnobi dartyma miayena xelburTi 7:7
mesveurebs. sainteresoa, rom Semdegi Sexvedra “mcire xelburTSi”
mxolod sami wlis Semdeg gaimarTa, isic msoflio pirvelobis
matCebis Catarebis wyalobiT.
XI olimpiuri TamaSebis wina periodSi msoflioSi, gansakuTrebiT
ki evropaSi, Seiqmna Zalian rTuli politikuri viTareba. faSisturma
germaniam, aiRo ra aSkara kursi meore msoflio omis mzadebisa da
gaCaRebisaken, sportuli vermaxtisa da nacizmis propagandis
samsaxurSi Caayena.
bevrma germanelma sportsmenma da erovnulma federaciam uari
ganacxada berlinis olimpiadaSi monawileobaze. miuxedavad aseTi
situaciisa, xelburTis debiuti olimpiadaze mainc Sedga. am turnirSi
monawileobda 6 gundi.
finaluri matCi, romelSic germanelma xelburTelebma angariSiT
10:6 daamarcxes avstrielebi, mimdinareobda aTeuli aTasi mofaSisto
axalgazrdis momwamlavi, nacisturi aJiotaJis atmosferoSi.
olimpiuri TamaSebis mimdinareobis dros Catarda “iagf”-is meoTxe
kongresi, romelzec gadawyda, rom CaetarebinaT msoflio Cempionatebi
xelburTSi 7:7 da 11:11. qalTa sportis diskriminaciis tendenciebi
19
grZeldeboda, radgan am kongresis dadgenilebiT momdevno msoflio
pirvelobebi mxolod mamakacebisTvis unda gamarTuliyo.
1938 wlis 5 Tebervals berlinis sportdarbaz “doiClandhall” Si
starti aiRo msoflios pirvelma Cempionatma xelburTSi 7:7-ze. am
turnirSi oTxi gundi monawileobda. TamaSebi sul or dRes
mimdinareobda Semcirebuli reglamentiT: 2 taimi 15-15 wuTi.
“elviseburi turniri”, rogoric es Sejibreba gamodga, Znelia
msoflio Cempionatad monaTlo, magram safuZveli mainc Cayrili iyo.
SedarebiT ukTesad Catarda msoflio Cempionati “did xelburTSi”,
romelic 1938 wlis 7-10 ivliss gaimarTa germaniis xuT qalaqSi.
pirvelobas erTmaneTs ecileboda evropis 10 nakrebi gundi. es
oficialuri Sejibreba faqtiurad ukanaskneli RonisZieba iyo,
romelic “iagf”-is egidiT Catarda. evropa idga meore msoflio omis
karibWesTan, romelmac kacobriobas umZimesi dartyma miayena. am mZime
dartymisgan seriozulad dazaralda msoflio xelburTi, romelmac
Tavisi istoriidan “amoSala” TiTqmis 7 weli.
1938 wlis 9 ivliss berlinSi Catarda “iagf”-is me-5 da ukanaskneli
kongresi. am kongresma xelburTis ganviTarebis grandiozuli gegmebi
dasaxa, Tumca maT aRsruleba ar ewera.
“iagf”-ma Tavisi moRvaweoba daasrula mis SemadgenlobaSi
gaerTianebuli iyo sul 12 qveyana, romelic aqtiurad aRorZinebda
xelburTs. maTi egidiT Catarda 106 saerTaSoriso Sexvedra erovnuli
nakrebi gundebis doneze, maT Soris 86 xelburTSi 11:11-ze, 20 ki –
xelburTSi 7:7-ze. es TamaSebi Catarda mxolod mamakacebis
monawileobiT. “iagf”-is moRvaweobis mTel periodSi sul 5 Sexvedra
iyo Catarebuli qalTa gundebis monawileobiT.
meore msoflio omis damTavrebis Semdeg mravali qveynis
nacionalurma federaciebma da xelburTis klubebma ganaaxles
TavianTi moRvaweoba.
msoflio xelburTis istoriaSi yvelaze didi movlena iyo “igf”-is
(xelburTis saerTaSoriso federacia) damfuZnebeli kongresi,
romelic 1946 wlis 10-13 ivliss Catarda q. kopenhagenSi. daniis,
niderlandebis, norvegiis, poloneTis, Sveciis, Sveicariis,
safrangeTisa da fineTis 14 delegatis monawileobiT daarsda pirveli
damoukidebeli xelburTis saerTaSoriso organizacia, romelmac
udidesi roli Seasrula TamaSis Semdgomi ganviTarebis saqmeSi.
xelburTis saerTaSoriso federaciis (igf) pirvel prezidentad
Sved giosta biorks irCeven, misi Tanamemamule karl fillip biorgi
20
ikavebs generaluri mdivnis posts. teqnikuri komisiis prezidenti
xdeba Sveicarieli emil horle. erTdroulad yalibdeba xelburTis
saerTaSoriso federaciis sabWo da Rebuloben federaciis wesdebas.
“igf”-m daamtkica msoflio xelburTis ganviTarebis da moqmedebis
vrceli programa. gaTvaliwinebul iqna da ukve momdevno wlisaTavis
Catarda msajebis saerTaSoriso kursebi, romelic 1947 wlis 4-8 agvistos
gaimarTa daniis qalaq veileSi. gadawyvites, rom CaetarebinaT msoflio
Cempionatebi 11:11 – ze , rogorc mamakacTa, ise qalTa gundebs Soris.
am perodisaTvis TiTqmis uxilavi, magram mainc sagrZnobi iyos is
mZafri orTavrZola, romelic “did” da “patara” xelburTis Soris
mimdinareoba. miuxedavaT imisa, rom xelburTis 11:11-ze sakmaod didi
mxardaWera hqonda federaciis mxridan, ukve igrZnoboda erovnuli
federaciis moRvaweobis gadaxra “mcire” xelburTisaken.
1957 wlisaTvis msoflios mraval qveyanaSi daiwyes xelburTi 7:7-ze
TamaSis gamarTva.
“mcire” xelburTis mesveurTa energiulma moqmedebam da 1965 wlis
saerTaSoriso olimpiuri komitetis gadawyvetilebam misi olimpiadis
programaSi Setanis Sesaxeb sabolood gadawyvita “didi” xelburTis
Semdgomi bedi. 1966 wels Catarda msoflios ukanaskneli, VII Cempionati
da amiT dasrulda misi arsebobis istoria, romelTac yovelgvari
dabrkolebis gareSe gza gaexsna xelburTis Svidi kacis
SemadgenlobiT.
saerTaSoriso plimpiuri komitetis gadawyvetilebam, “mcire”
xelburTis XX olimpiuri TamaSebis programaSi Setanis Sesaxeb
aRfrTovanebaSi moiyvana mTeli xelburTis samyaro , sakmarisia iTqvas,
rom 1972 wlisaTvis “igf” – is rigebi TiTqmis cxrajer gaizarda,
gaaerTiana Tavis SemadgenlobaSi 54 qveynis 2.5 milionamde xelburTeli.
iqmneboda da magrdeboda erovuli federaciebi aziis, amerikisa da
afrikis ganvitarebad qveynebSi. saerTaSoriso arenaze gamodioda
xelburTis msoflio Tanamegobrobis aTelobiT axali wevri.
“igf” –is kongresma , rogorc XX olimpiadis dawyebis win Catarda,
Zirfesvianad Secvala am organizaciis saxe. igi gadaiqca msoflio
xelburTis xelmZRvanel organod. federaciis axal prezidentad arCeul
iqna Svedi paul xioxbergi.
XX olimpiuri TamaSebis programaSi xelburTi Setanili iyo
mxolod mamakacebisaTvis. aqve gadawyda, rom amieridan, e.i. momavali XXI
TamaSebidan olimpiur sarbielze gamovidodnen mSvenieri sqesis
warmomadgenlebic.
21
dReisaTvis, saerTaSoriso kalendaris gaTvaliswinebiT (msoflio
Cempionatebi iuniorebsa da mozardebs Soris, evropis Cempionatebi,
olimpiuri TamaSebi, evropis saklubo turnirebi da sxva oficialuri
turnirebi) dabejiTebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ukve damTavrda da
mwyobrSi Cadga Sejiberbebis saerTaSoriso sistemebi.
“igf” – is wevri qveynebis ricxvi asamde mivida, xolo xelburTis
moTamaSeTa ricxvma msoflioSi oTx million kacs gadaeWarba.
xelburTis masobriobis mkveTrma zrdam da popularobam
mniSvnelovnad gaamZafra konkurencia msoflio da olimpiur TamaSebze.
dReisaTvis xelburTis aRiarebul liderebad gvevlinebian Sveciis,
ruseTis , iugioslaviis, germaniis, rumineTis , safrangeTis, samxreT
koreis , norvegiis da daniis gundebi, romlebmac SeZles Zlieri
erovnuli gundebis Camoyalibeba.
xelburTma sabolood gaimagra Tavisi avtoriteti da gaxda
sayovelTaod aRiarebuli saerTaSoriso sportuli disciplina.
qvemoT, 1, 2 da 3 cxrilebSi moyvanilia msoflio Cemionatebis da
olimpiuri TamaSebis priziorTa Sedegebi.
msoflio Cempionatis Sedegebi xelburTSi 11:11
cxrili 1
Cempionati Catarebis
weli
Catarebis
adgili
dakavebuli adgili
I adgili II adgili III adgili
kacebi
I 1938 germania germania Sveicaria ungreTi
II 1948 safrangeTi Svecia dania Sveicaria
III 1952 Sveicaria gfr Svecia Sveicaria
IV 1955 gfr gfr Sveicaria Cexoslovakia
V 1959 avstria ggg1 rumineTi Svecia
VI 1963 Sveicaria gdr gfr Sveicaria
VII 1966 avstria gfr gdr avstria
qalebi
I 1949 ungreTi ungreTi avstria Cexoslovakia
22
II 1956 gfr rumineTi gfr ungreTi
III 1960 holandia rumineTi avstria ggg
1 1959 da 1960 wlebSi msoflio CemoionatSi gamovida germaniis
gaerTianebuli gundi
msoflio Cempionatis Sedegebi xelburTSi 7:7
cxrili 2
Cempiona
ti
Catarebi
s weli
Catarebis
adgili
dakavebuli adgili
I adgili II adgili III adgili
kacebi
I 1938 germania germania avstria Sveდეთი
II 1954 Sveდეთი Sveდეთი gfr Cexoslovakia
III 1958 gdr Sveდეთი Cexoslovaki
a
germania
IV 1961 gfr rumineTi Cexoslovaki
a Sveდეთი
V 1964 Cexoslovakia rumineTi Sveდეთი Cexoslovakia
VI 1967 Sveდეთი Cexoslova
kia
dania rumineTi
VII 1970 safrangeTi rumineTi gdr iugoslavia
VIII 1974 gdr rumineTi gdr Cexoslovakia
IX 1978 dania gfr ssr kavSiri gdr
X 1982 gfr ssr
kavSiri
iugoslavia poloneTi
XI 1986 Sveicaria iugoslavi
a
ungreTi gdr
XII 1990 Cexoslovakia Sveდეთი ssr kavSiri gdr
23
XIII 1993 Sveდეთი ruseTi safranfeTi Sveდეთი
XIV 1995 islaნdia safrangeT
i
xorvatia Sveდეთი
XV 1997 iaponia ruseTi Sveდეთი safrangeTi
XVI 1999 ეგვიპტე შვედეთი რუსეთი იუგოსლავია
XVII 2001 საფრანგეთი საფრანგეთი ხორვატია იუგოსლავია
XVIII 2003 პორტუგალია ხორვატია გერმანია საფრანგეთი
XIX 2005 ტუნისი ესპანეთი გერმანია საფრანგეთი
XX 2007 გერმანია გერმანია პოლონეთი დანია
XXI 2009 ხორვატია საფრანგეთი ხორვატია პოლონეთი
XXII 2011 შვედეთი საფრანგეთი დანია ესპანეთი
XXIII 2013 ესპანეთი ესპანეთი დანია ხორვატია
XXIV 2015 კატარი
qalebi
I 1957 iugoslavia Cexoslova
kia
ungreTi iugoslavia
II 1962 rumineTi rumineTi dania Cexoslovakia
III 1965 gfr ungreTi iugoslavia gfr
IV 1971 holandia gdr iugoslavia rumineTi
V 1973 iugoslavia iugoslavi
a
rumineTi ssr kavSiri
VI 1975 ssr kavSiri gdr ssr kavSiri ungreTi
VII 1978 Cexoslovakia gdr ssr kavSiri ungreTi
VIII 1982 ungreTi ssr
kavSiri
ungreTi iugoslavia
IX 1986 holandia ssr
kavSiri
Cexoslovakia norvegia
24
X 1990 samxreT korea ssr
kavSiri
iugoslavia gdr
XI 1993 germania germania dania norvegia
XII 1995 samxreT korea samxreT
korea
safrangeTi dania
XIII 1997 germania dania norvegia germania
XIV 1999 norvegia dania safrangeTi avstria
XV 2001 italia ruseTi norvegia iugoslavia
XVI 2003 xorvatia safrangeT
i
ungreTi samxreT
korea
XVII 2005 ruseTi ruseTi rumineTi ungreTi
XVIII 2007 safrangeTi ruseTi norvegia germania
XIX 2009 CineTi ruseTi safrangeTi norvegia
XX 2011 brazilia norvegia safrangeT espaneTi
XXI 2013 serbia
olimpiuri TamaSebis Cempionebi da priziorebi
cxrili 3
olimpiadeb
i
Catarebi
s weli
Catarebis
adgili
dakavebuli adgili
I adgili II adgili III adgili
kacebi
XI 1936 berlini germania avstria Svecia
XX 1972 miunxeni iugoslavi
a
Cexoslovaki
a
rumineTi
XXI 1976 monreali ssr
kavSiri
rumineTi poloneTi
25
XXII 1980 moskovi gdr ssr kavSiri rumineTi
XXIII 1984 los-
anjelesi
iugoslavi
a
gfr rumineTi
XXIV 1988 seuli ssr
kavSiri
samxreT
korea
iugoslavi
a
XXV 1992 barselon
a
dsT SvedeTi safrangeT
i
XXVI 1996 atlanta xorvatia SvedeTi espaneTi
XXVII 2000 sidnei ruseTi SvedeTi espaneTi
XXVIII 2004 aTeni xorvatia germania ruseTi
XXIX 2008 pekini safrangeT
i
islandia espaneTi
XXX 2012 londoni safrangeT
i
SvedeTi xorvatia
qalebi
XXI 1976
monreali
ssr
kavSiri
gdr ungreTi
XXII 1980 moskovi ssr
kavSiri
iugoslavia samxreT
korea
XXIII 1984 los-
anjelesi
iugoslavi
a
samxreT
korea
CineTi
XXIV 1988 seuli dania norvegia ssr
kavSiri
XXV 1992
barselon
a
samxreT
korea
norvegia dsT
XXVI 1996 atlanta dania samxreT
korea
ungreTi
XXVII 2000 sidnei dania ungreTi norvegia
XXVIII 2004 aTeni dania samxreT
korea
ukraina
26
XXIX 2008 pekini norvegia ruseTi samxreT
korea
XXX 2012 londoni norvegia Cernogoria espaneTi
1 1984wels olimpiur TamaSebSi ar monawileobdnen ssr kavSiris gundebi
2.2. qarTuli xelburTi
saqarTveloSi xelburTs XX saukunis 20-iani wlebidan TamaSoben.
igi CvenTan ukrainidan Semovida. amave periodisaTvis Targmnes da
pirvelad dastambes xelburTis TamaSis wesebi qarTul enaze.
xelburTis Semdgomi ganviTarebis saqmeSi Tavisi wvlili unda
Seetana I sakavSiro spartakiadas, romelic im droisaTvis pirveli
yvelaze didi da masStaburi RonisZieba iyo axlad Seqmnili sabWoTa
kavSiris sportis sinamdvileSi. am spartakiadis programaSi Setanil iqna
xelburTis ori cnobili nairsaxeoba – 11:11-ze da 7:7-ze. sxva gundebTan
erTad turnirSi monawileoba miiRo amierkavkasiis federaciis nakrebma
gundma, romelic ZiriTadad saqarTvelos sportsmenebiT iyo
dakompleqtebuli. TamaSebi Catarda 1928 wlis 17-23 agvistos q. moskovSi.
aRsaniSnevia, rom “didi” xelburTis sarbielze amierkavkasiis feeraciis
nakrebma sul sami Sexvedra Caatara, ori matCi waago ( moskovis da
germaniis gundebTan), erTSi ki gamarjveba moipova avstriis gundTan
angariSiT 3:2. “mcire” xelburTSi ki maT erTi Sexvedra gamarTes
ukrainis Zlier nakrebTan, waages Sexvedra 0:23 da gamoeTiSnen
asprezobas. miuxedavad spartakiadaze gancdili marcxisa, qarTveli
xelburTis mesveurebi Zalis da energies ar iSurebdnen sportis am
saxeobis ganviTarebisaTvis. isini dauRalavad Sromobdnen xelburTis
popularizaciisaTvis, magram 30-iani wlebis socialur-politikuri
mdgomareobis mkveTrma gauaresebam nulamde daiyvana enTuziastebis
yovelgvari mecadineoba. garTulda saerTo viTarebac mTel evropaSi,
rasac bolos meore msoflio omic daemata da, bunebrivia, saerTod
sportisa da kerZod xelburTisaTvis ukve aravis ecala.
xelburTis meore dabadeba Cves qveyanaSi 50-iani wlebidan iwyeba,
miuxedavad imisa, rom am droisaTvis ar iyo Sesaferisi sportuli bazebi
da inventari , mainc gamoCndnen xelburTis gulSematkivrebi, TamaSis
namdvili enTuziastebi, romlebmac sakuTar Tavze aiRes sportis am
saxeobis aRorZinebisa da ganviTarebis saqme. pirvelTa Soris iyvnen g.
27
SaraSiZe, T. anTaZe, j. cercvaZe, a. ratianiZe, l. lolua, T. CxartiSvili,
j. bagrationi, k. xatiskaci, a. eqseuliZe, v.araqelovi da sxvebi, romelTa
gulmodgine mecadineobam didad Seuwyo xeli xelburTSi axalgazrda
masebis mozRvavebas. respublikis sxvadasxva qalaqSi gaCnda gundebi,
ramac sagrZnoblad gazarda movarjiSeTa ricxvi. momdevno wlebSi
intensiurad viTardeboda da ixveweboda sportuli wvrTnis meTodika,
mowinave teqnikis da taqtikis swavleba.
Cveni respublikis sxvadasxva kuTxeSi meti interesiT moekidnen
xelburTis danergvis saqmes. skolebSi, teqnikumebSi, umaRles
saswavleblebSi, fabrika-qarxanebsa da sawarmoo dawesebulebebSi Seiqmna
saTanado sportuli bezebi, saxeldaxelod moamzades sazogadoebrivi
mwvrTnelebi da msajebi, romlebic didi mondomebiT Seudgnen muSaobas.
axalgazrda enTuziastebis axal-axalma jgufebma daiwyes varjiSi,
gundebis ricxvi da maTSi gaerTianebul xelburTelTa raodenoba
TandaTan izrdeba. saqarTvelos rukaze axali saxelburTo centrebi
moiniSna. xalburTisadmi didi interesi gamoiCines baTumSi, soxumSi,
quTaisSi, gorSi. yovelive aman Tavisi nayofi gamoiyo. Seiqmna erTi
Zlieri gundi, romelmac daiwyo asparezoba sabWoTa kavSiris
CempionatebSi. CveSi didi popularobiT sargeblobda “didi” xelburTi.
1956 wlidan 1961 wlamde Catarebul yvela sakavSiro pirvelobaze
monawileobas iRebda Tbilisis “burevestnikis” vaJTa gundi. marTalia,
Cveni sportsmenebis gamosvla mokrZalebuli SedegebiT aRiniSna, magram
garkveuli warmatebebi mainc iyo. 1957 wels moskovSi Catarda III
saerTaSoriso axalgazrduli TamaSebi, romlis programaSic Setanil
iqna xelburTi. sabWoTa kavSiris nakrebis kars am asparezobaze
Tbiliseli artur ratianiZe icavda. axalgazrda jemal cercvaZe ukve
1959 wels daasaxeles ssr kavSiris nakrebi gundis wevrobis kandidatad,
romelic 1961 wels msoflio Cemionati unda eTamaSa. “didi” xelburTis
paralelurad viTardboda “mcire” xelburTic. 60-iani wlebisaTvis
qarTvel xelburTelebs ufro sagrZnobi warmatebebi hqondaT xelburTSi
7:7-ze.
mas Semdeg , rac ssr kavSiris xelburTis seqciam Sewyvita
yovelgvari RoisZiebebis Catareba “ did” xelburtSi, gadawyda, rom 1962
wlidan gaimarTeboda Cempionatebi mxolod xelburTSi 7:7-ze.
metad StambeWdavi iyo qarTveli xelburTelebis debiuti 1962
wlis ssr kavSiris pirvel Cempionatze. Tbilisis “burevestnikis” vaJTa
gundma finaluri turniri daumarcxeblad Caatara da Rirseulad moipova
pirveli Cempionis tituli. “burivestnikelebma” daamarcxes tiraspolis
( 21:15) , zaporoJies ( 20:15), minskis (31:25) da moskovis (20:14) gundebi, fred
iTamaSes kaunasis (17:17), moskovis “trudis” (15:15) da kievis (21:21)
28
gundebTan, daagroves 11 qula da ori quliT gauswres meore adgilze
gasul tiraspolis gunds.
mwvrTnel giorgi SaraSiZis aRzrdilebma: jemal abiaSvilma,
artur ratianiZem, Teimuraz zardiaSvilma, imedo fxakaZem , leri
kartoziam, Tamaz anTiZem, jemal cercvaZem, anzor eqseuliZem, ilo
Selegiam, ari maWavarianma da boris kopaleiSvilma – oqros asoebiT
waweres TavianTi saxelebi qarTuli sportis da xelburTis istoriaSi.
1963 wels Tbiliselebi mesame adilze gadian, 1964 wels ki isev
ibruneben Cempionis tituls. giorgi SaraSiZis SegirdTa umravlesoba
meored xdeba gamarjvebuli da oqros medlebis mflobeli. gundidan
wasuli a. ratianiZis , i. Selegias da travmirebuli T. zardiliSvilis
nacvlad oqros medlebs iReben: jansuR bagrationi, aleqsandre
xuciSvili da jemal zaqariaZe.
momdevno sami wlis (1965-1966-1967 ww) ganmavlobaSi Tbiliseli
xelburTelebi II adgilze gadian. aRsaniSnavia, rom 1965 wels Cveni
xelburTelebi finalur turnirze 19 qulas agroveben ( gamarjvebuli
moskovis “mai” – 20 qulas), 1966 wels – 18 qulas ( gamarjvebuli moskovis
“kuncevo” – 19 qulas) 1967 wels Tbiliselebi 25 qulas agroveben (
gamarjvebuli moskovis “kuncevo” – 26 qulas.) am monacemebidan naTlad
Cans, Tu ra mZime da dramatuli iyo es Cempionatebi TbiliselebisaTvis.
Semdgom wlebSi qarTvel xelburTelebs hqondaT garkveuli
warmatebebi, magram TaobaTa cvlis mtkivneulma procesma Tavisi daRi
daasva gunds, romelmac ver moaxerxa adrindeli warmatebebis gameoreba.
1975 wels ssr kavSiris xalxTa VI spartakiadaze saqarTvelos vaJTa
nakrebma, romelic faqtiurad Tbilisis “burevestnikis” xelburTelebiT
iyo dakompleqtebuli III saprizo adgili moipova.
1978 wels mwvrTnelebis gari maWavarianisa da anzor lelaSvilis
aRzrdilebma: jemal baramiZem, giorgi mamulaSvilma, igor da gia
narimaniZeebma, zaza doliZem, ioseb kalandaZem , zurab Wanturiam , nodar
maWaraZem, zurab kekeliZem , amiran komaxiZem, Zmebma vaxtang da giorgi
beriaSvilebma ssr kavSiris Tasi moipoves.
1973 wlis 12-25 ivliss ukrainis qalaq lvovSi Catarebul
sakavSiro axalgazrdul TamaSebze saqarTvelos gogonaTa nakrebma
sapatio meore adgili daikava. qalTa nakrebis udao warmatebad unda
CaiTvalos 1979 wels ukrainis dedaqalaq kievSi gamarTul ssr kavSiris
VII zafxulis spartakiadaze me-5 adgilis dakaveba. am gamarjvebiT 14
qarTvel xelburTel mieniWa im droisaTvis sportis ostatis sapatio
wodeba. amave spartakiadaze vaJTa nakrebma IV adgili daikava.
29
60-ian wlebSi saqarTvelos xelburTelebi sabWoTa xelburTis
aRorZinebisa da srulyofis tonis mimcemebi iyvnen.ukanasknel periodamde
ar yofila arc erTi msoflio pirveloba Tu olimpiuri TamaSebi,
romelzec ar easparezaT saqarTvelos vaJ xelburTelebs. sabWoTa
kavSiris nakrebis pirveli oficialuri matCi msoflio pirvelobaze
gaimarTa 1961 wlis 15 ianvars moskovSi. maT daamarcxes rumineTis Zlieri
gundi angariSiT 12:9. sxvebTan erTad nakrebis Rirsebas icavda jemal
cercvaZe. vinaidan ganmeorebiTi matCi ssr kavSiris undma waago 13:18, is
gamoeTiSa Seibrebas daver miiRo monawileoba Cempionatis daskvniT
etapSi.
msoflios V Cempionatze, romelic CexoslovakiaSi Catarda 1964
wlis 8-15 marts ssr kavSiris nakrebi TamaSobda finalur etapze da
sapatio mexuTe adgilze gavida. ukve nakrebis SemadgenlobaSi jemal
cercvaZis gverdiT gmoCnda mekare jemal abiaSvili. nakrebis ganacxadSi
iyo aseve leri kartoziac. am Cempionatis finalur turnirSi jemal
cercvaZem 16 goli gaitana.
1967 wels msoflios VI Cempionati Catarda SveciaSi. ssr kavSiris
nakrebis ufrosi mwvrTneli ukve Tbiliseli giorgi SaraSiZe iyo, xolo
nakrebis SemadgenlobaSi oTxi qarTveli TamaSobda: j cercvaZe, j.
abiaSvili, i. fxakaZe da a. eqseuliZe, gundma IV adgili daikava.
1970 wels safrangeTSi gamarTul msoflios VII Cempionatze
sabWoTa nakrebi me-9 adgiliT dakmayofilda. nakrebis Rirsebas
qarTvelebidan j. cercvaZe da i. fxakaZe icavdnen.
amis Semdeg Cveni xelburTelebi karga xniT aRar arian ssr
kavSiris nakrebi gundis wevrebi , risi ZiriTadi mizezic zemoT avxseniT
– TaobaTa cvlis procesi.
1978 wels Catarda msoflios IX Cempionati, sadac ssr kavSiris
nakrebi ukve olimpiuri Cempionebis rangSi (maT 1976 wels monrealSi
moipoves gamarjveba) finalSi marcxdebian germaniis federaciuili
respubilkis nakreb gundTan da ikaveben meore adgils. es pirveli didi
warmatebaa ssr kavSiris nakrebisa msoflio Cempionatebis istoriaSi.
vercxlis medalosani nakrebis Rirsebas icavda olimpiuri Cempioni,
sportis damsaxurebuli ostati, Tbiliseli aleqsandre anpilogovi. igi
imyofeboda im nakrebis SemadgenlobaSic, romelmac oqros medlebi
moipova 1982 wlis X msoflio Cempionatze germaniis federaciul
respublikaSi.
1986 wels msoflio morigi XI Cempionati xelburTSi 7:7 gaimarTa
SveicariaSi. gundi saprizo sameulis miRma aRmoCnda. ssr kavSiris
30
SemadgenlobaSi saqarTvelodan kvlav aleqsandre anpilogovi iyo
miwveuli.
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, saqarTvelos xelburTelebidan
olimpiadaze pirvelma a. anpilogovma iaspareza da 1976 wels oqros
medalic moipova. 1980 wels moskovSi Catarebul olimpiur TamaSebze ssr
kavSiris nakrebma finaluri Sexvedra waago gdr-is gundTan da sxvebTan
erTad a. anpilogovma olimpiuri vercxlis medali miiRo.
a. anpilogovi kvlav agrZelebda nakrebSi gamosvlasa da masTan
erTad misi Tanagundeli, saerTaSoriso klasis sportis ostati amberki
tabiZec emzadeboda 1984 wlis los-anJelesis olimpiadisaTvis, magarm
sabWoTa kavSiris maSindeli xelmZRvanelobis politikurma sibecem ar
misca saSualeba Cves xelburTelebs (da ara marto maT) eCvenebinaT
TavianTi ostatoba. politbiuros uazro gadawyvetilebiT boikoti
gamoecxada los-anJelesis olimpiur TamaSebs.
60-70-ian wlebSi saqarTvelos xelburTelebis siZliereze
metyvelebs is faqtic, rom 1966 wlidan moyolebuli yovelwliurad
imarTeboda xelburTis saerTaSoriso federaciis egidiT sanqcirebuli
turniri TbilisSi gazeT “zaria vostokas” prisze. am metad prestiJul
RonisZiebaSi monawileobas iRebdnen msoflio xelburTis aRiarebuli
qveynebi: iugoslavia, gdr, gfr, Cexoslovakia, rumineTi, ungreTi,
espaneTi, norvegia, dania, poloneTi da ssr kavSiris nakrebi gundebi.
pirveli saerთaSoriso turniri Catarda 1966 wlis 19-20 dekembers.
maSin SejibrebaSi sul oTxi gundi monawileobda. imarjves ungrelebma ,
romlebmac daamarcxes iugoslaviis, ssr kavSirisa da saqarTvelos
gundebi. Cvenma nakrebma meoTxe adgili daikava.
1968 wels qarTvelma xelburTelebma me-3 saprizo adgili daikaves
eqvs gunds Soris, win mxolod ssr kavSiris pirveli nakrebi da
polonelebi gauSves, daamarcxes gdr –is (20-19), ungreTis (25-22) da
bulgareTis (22:15) gundebi.
aRsaniSnavia 1970 wels Caatrebuli turniri gazeT ‘zaria
vostokas” prize, igi Tbilisis sportis sasaxleSi Catarda 9-13 dekembers.
monawileTa raodenoba sarekordo iyo – 8. gundebi daiyo or qvejgufad,
romelTa gamarjvebulebic gadamwyvet matCSi Sexvdeboden erTmaneTs.
Cvenma xelburTelebma qvejgufSi pirveli adgili daikaves, daamarcxes ra
ssr kavSiris axalgazrduli (24:18) ukrainis (17:16) da Cexoslovakiis
(24:22) gundebi. gadamwyvet SemTxvevaSi maT daTmes iugoslaviis sakmaod
Zlier gundTan (29:18) da daikaves sapatio meore adgili. aqve sainteresoa
aRiniSnos, rom iugoslavielebma zustad im SemadgenlobiT, romliTac
31
qarTvelebi daamarcxes 1970 wels, moipoves miunxenis XX olimpiuri
TamaSebis ( 1972 w) Cempionis tituli.
1956 wlis 1 seqtembers “igf”-is VI kongresze, romelic Sveciis
qalaq stokholmSi mimdinareobda, gaiTvaliswines safrangeTis
xelburTis federaciis winadadeba, rom gaeTamaSebinaT evropis qveynebis
CempionTa Tasi. gamarjvebuli gundisTvis prizi daawesa frangulma
sportulma gazeTma “ekip”-ma. pirveli gaTamaSeba gaimarTa 1957 wels. aqve
gadawyda, rom yvela wlebis finaluri matCebi gaimarTeboda parizSi.
Tasis pirvel gaTamaSebaSi monawileoba miiRo evropis 12 saklubo
gundma. Tavdapirvelad TamaSebi tardeba erTob mkacri sistemiT. gundi
pirvelive wagebis Semdeg eTiSeboda turnirs. amasTan, ori gundis
Sexvedris adgils wilisyra irCevda. Tasis gaTamaSebis pirveli
finaluri matCi Catarda 1957 wlis 9 marts parizSi. anariSiT 21:13
Cexoslovakiis praRis “duklam” daamarcxa Sveciis q. erebrus sportuli
klubi da gaxda evropis CempionTa Tasis pirveli mflobeli. 1962 wlidan
finalamde yvela TamaSi tardeba orive mowinaaRmdegis moedanze.
1966 wlamde finaluri turniris organizacias safrangeTis
xelburTis federacia uwevda, romelic, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT,
parizSi tardeboda. gamonaklisi iyo 1965 wlis gaTamaSeba, romelic
lionSi Catarda. Tavisi gundebis warumaetbeli gamosvlebis gamo
frangebma uari ganacxades finaluri TamaSebis maTTan Catarebaze. es
misia 1967 wliuidan Tavis Tavze aiRo germaniis federaciuli
respublikis xelburTis federaciam. 1975 wlamde turniris daskvniTi
matCebi 7-jer Catarda dortmundSi, erTxel (1968 wels) – mainis
frankfurtSi. Semdegi wlebidan TamaSebi imarTeboda sakuTar da
mowinaaRmdegis moedanze.
1976 wlidan ki TamaSdeba evropis qveynebis Tasis mflobelTa Tasi.
1991 wlamde qarTveli xelburTelebi samjer monawileobdnen
evropis saklubo turnirebis gatamaSebaSi. pirveklad Tbiliselma
xelburTelma vaJebma monawileoba miiRes 1962 wlis evropis CempionatTa
Tasis V gaTamaSebaSi. maT startzeve waages Sexvedra germaniis
demokratiuli respublikis CempionTan – laifcigis fizikuri aRzrdis
akademiis Zlier gundTan angariSiT 17:25. es matCi gaimarTa q. laifcigSi
1962 wlis 9 dekembers. meored, Tbilisis “burevestniki”, rogorc ssr
kavSiris Cempioni, monawileobs CempionTa Tasis VI gaTamaSebaSi. 1964
wlis 20 dekembers Tbilisis “burevestnikma” umaspinZla poloneTis
Cempions q. katovices “azs”-s da daamarcxa igi angariSiT 32:18. am
gamarjvebiT gundi meoTxedfinalSi gavida. wilisyris Sedegad Cveni
gundis mowinaaRmdege gaxda iugoslaviis Cempioni, q. zagrebis
“medveSCaki”. debulebis Sesabamisad meoTxedfinaluri TamaSebi or wred
32
imarTeboda – sakuTar da mowinaaRmdegis noedanze, Tbiliselebma
pirveli TamaSi stumrad Caatares 1965 wlis 7 Tebervals da damarcxdnen
angariSiT 21:13, erTi kviris Semdeg, 13 Tebervals Tbilisis sportis
sasaxleSi Sedga ganmeorebiTi matCi. angariSiT 21:13 gaimarjves
qarTvelma xelburTelebma. gaTamaSebis Semdeg etapze gasasvlelad
debulebiT wilisyra Catarda. aq bedma iugoslavielebs gauRima – maT
miecaT ufleba gaegrZelebinaT brZola sapatio prizisaTvis. unda
aRiniSnos, rom “medveSCakma” naxevarfinalSi damarcxa kopenhagenis
“aiaqsi” (20:24 da 21:11) da finalSi gavida finaluri TamaSi, romelic
safrangeTis q. lionSi Cataarda damTavrda buqarestis “dinamos”
gamarjvebiT, romelmac angariSiT 13:11 sZlia “medveSCaks”.
mesamed qarTvelebi 15 wlis Semdge gadian evropis Cempionatze ,
rogorc adre aRvniSneT, Tbilisis “burevestnikma” gaimarjva ssr
kavSiris 1978 wlis Tasis gaTamaSebeSi da ufleba moipova eTamaSa
evropis Tasis mflobelTa Tasis gaTamaSebaSi sabWoTa kavSiris gundebs
arc 1978-1979 da 1979-1980 wlebi evropul Tasebze miuRiaT monawileoba da
amitom Cveni xelburTelebi dauSves 1980-1981 wlis gaTamaSebaze.
Tbiliselebs pirvelsave wreSi sakmaod Zlieri mowinaaRmdege arguna
wilisyram madridis “atletikos” saxiT. pirveli TamaSi madridSi
Catarda 1980 wlis 6 dekembers. es Sexvedra espanelebma moiges angariSiT
30:21. erTi kviris Semdeg ganmeorebiTi Sexvedra Catarda Tbilisis
sportis sasaxkeSi. marTalia, qarTvelma xelburTelebma es Sexvedra
TavianT sasargeblod daamTavres, magram qulaTa sxvaoba sakmarisi ar
aRmoCnda Semdeg wreSi gasasvlelad.
qarTveli xelburTelebis yulabaSi aris kidev ori oqros
medali, romelic 1968 wels miiRes imedo fxakaZem da aleqsandre
xuciSvilma. ssr kavSiris nakrebma, romlis SemadgenlobaSic iyvnen
qarTveli xelburTelebi, gamarjveba moipova studentTa msoflio
pirvelobaze. es Cempionati Catarda germaniis federaciul respublikaSi
1968 wis 4-102 ianvars.
sainteresoa erTi faqtic. 1978 wis 12 ivliss kievis sportis
sasaxleSi gaimarTa metad saintereso Sexvedra msofliosa da ssr
kavSiris vaJTa nakreb gundTa Soris. ssr kavSiris nakrebma gundma
angariSiT 23:18 daamarcxa msoflios nakrebi. maSin ssr kavSiris gundSi
gamodiodnen aleqsandre anpilogovi da amberki tabiZe.
1961 dan 1987 wlamde qarთvelma xelburTelebma ssr kavSiris
nakrebis SemadgenlobaSi Caatares: a. ampilogovma 217 matCi (( gaitana 572
goli), j. cercvaZem – 78 ( 276), i. fxakaZem 68 (93) mekare j/ abiaSvili 51
matCSi icavda nakrebis Rirsebas. a. tabiZem iTamaSa 20 Sexvedra da
33
gaitana 28 goli, a. eqseuliZem – 14 (13), T. anTiZem 6(6), b. kopaleiSvilma 1
(0).
mas Semdeg, rac daiSala sabWoTa kavSiri da saqarTvelo
damoukidebeli ქვეყანა gaxda, Cven შევუერთდით xelburTis saerTaSoriso
federaciაs ( rogorc sportis danarCen saxeobebSi), rac gvaZlevs imis
saSualebas, rom damoukideblad miviRoT monawileoba nebismieri rangis
oficialur SejibrebaSi. 1992 wlidan Cveni gundebi yovelwliurad
monawileoben evropis saklubo Tasebis gaTamaSebaSi. saqarTvelos
teqnikuri universitetis gogonaTa da vaJTa gundebi, sportklubi
“amirani” fizkulturis institutis “ kolxeTi” da agraruli
universitetis “mamuli” monawileoben, Sesabamisad, evropis
CempionTa,Tasis mflobelTa, saerTaSoriso federaciisa da qalaqebis
Tasebis gaTamaSebaSi.
2006 წელს საქართველოს ხელბურთელთა სტუდენტურმა ნაკრებმა მონაწილეობა მიიღო მსოფლიოს XVIII სტუდენტთა ჩემპიონატში სადაც ვერცხლის მედლები მოიპოვა.
ქართული ხელბურთისათვის განსაკუთრებული იყო 2013 წელი. საქართველოს ტექნიკური უნივერსიტეტის ხელბურთის გუნდი ევროპის ჩემპიონი გახდა.
ქართველმა ხელბურთელებმა ესპანეთის ქალაქ კორდობაში მიმდინარე ევროპის პირველ საუნივერსიტეტო თამაშებზე უძლიერესად იასპარეზეს და პირველობა არავის დაუთმეს. ამ მასშტაბის გამარჯვება ქართული ხელბურთის ისტორიაში ამ დრომდე არ ყოფილა. ქართველმა ხელბურთელებმა ექვსგუნდიან ჯგუფში ხუთივე მოწინააღმდეგე დაამარცხეს, მათ შორის დაძაბულ ბრძოლაში მოუგეს მასპინძელი კორდობას უნივერსიტეტის გუნდს და, ტურნირის ფორმატის გათვალისწინებით, პირდაპირ ფინალში გავიდნენ, სადაც საკმაოდ იოლად (37:24) აჯობეს უკანასკნელ მოწინააღმდეგეს, ხორვატიის "ოსიეკს". ქართველი სპორტსმენები აცხადებენ, რომ ეს წარმატება დიდი სტიმულია კიდევ უფრო
დიდი მწვერვალების დასაპყრობად.
34
Tavi III
xelburTSi sportuli wvrTnis safuZvlebi
3.1. sportuli wvrTna rogorc xelburTelebis momzadebis
ZiriTadi forma
sportuli wvrTna maRali sportuli Sedegebis miRwevisaken
mimarTuli specializebuli pedagogiuri procesia. igi arzrdis saerTo
sistemis organuli Semadgeneli nawilia, romlis meSveobiTac
xorcieldeba adamianis yovelmxrivi harmoniuli ganviTareba, yalibdeba
maRali ideebis matarebeli srulfasovani moqalaqe, maRalkvalificiuri
sportsmeni.
sportuli wvrTna moicavs sportsmenis momzadebisaTvis saWiro
yvela ZiriTad mxares: fizikurs, saTamaSos, teqnikurs, taqtikurs
fsiqologiurs da Teoriuls.
sportsmenis momzadebis procesSi umjobesdeba da
srulyofilebamde ixveweba is Cvevebi, unari da codna, romelic
aucilebeliaxelburTis TamaSis Tanamedrove doneze wasayvanad.
Sportuli wvrTnis ZiriTad mizans warmoadgens fizikurad
ganviTarebuli, janmrTeli, Sromisunariani da sazogadoebisaTvis
aqtiuri moqalaqis aRzrda, romelsac SeeZleba umaRlesi sportuli
Sedegebis miRweva.
xelburTelebis wvrTnisprocesSi wydeba erTmaneTTan mWidrod
dakavSirebuli sxvadasxvagvari amocana:
- maRali moraluri da nebelobiTi Tvisebebis aRzrda;
- yovelmxrivi ganviTareba da specialuri fizikuri Tvisebebis
aRzrda;
- organizmis funqcionaluri SesaZleblobebis gaumjobeseba;
- TamaSis Tanamedrove teqnikuri xerxebis, moqnili taqtikisa da
strategiis daufleba.
35
xelburTelebis, ise rogorc sxva sportsmenebis momzadeba Sedgeba
fizikuri, teqnikuri, taqtikuri, saTamaSo, fsiqologiuri da Teoriuli
momzadebisagan.
fizikuri momzadeba. Tanamedrove xelburTi aTleturi TamaSia.
igi xasiaTdeba saTamaSo moqmedebebis didi daZabulobiTa da maRali
moZraobiTi aqtiurobioT. es ki, TavisTavad, moTamaSisagan moiTxovas
swrafZalismier Tvisebebisa da funqcionaluri SesaZleblobebis
ukidures mobilizacias.
xelburTelis fizikuri momzadeba mimarTulia Semdegi
konkretuli amocanebis gadasawyvetad:
1. organizmis funqcionaluri SesaZleblobebis donis amaRleba
da gafarToeba (funqcionaluri momzadeba);
2. fizikuri Tvisebebis ganviTareba (Zala, siswrafe, gamZleoba,
moqniloba, simarjve) da maTTan dakavSirebuli fizikuri
SesaZleblobebis kompleqsuri ganviTareba, romelic ganapirobebs
saTamaSo moqmedebebis efeqturobas (xtomadoba, tyorcniTi moZraobebis
siZliere, saTamaSo gamZleoba, aTleturi momzadeba). am amocanebis
gadawyveta xorcieldeba saerTo da specialuri fizikuri momzadebis
procesSi.
saerTo fizikuri momzadeba uzrunvelyofs xelburTelis saerTo
ganviTarebas da qmnis im aucilebel winapirobas, romelic saWiroa
sportis arCeul saxeobaSi specialuri fizikuri Tvisebebis
gamosavlenad. mas unda hqondes specialuri mimarTuleba: gaamagros
organizmis is sistemebi da organoebi, romlebic saWiroa xelburTis
TamaSisTvis.
specialuri fizikuri momzadeba wamyvan rols TamaSobs
xelburTelis fizikuri SesaZleblobebis formirebaSi da pirdapir
damokidebulebaSia TamaSis teqnikis, saSejibro datvirTvis maCveneblebsa
da fsiqologiur daZabulobasTan.
fizikuri momzadebis dabali done xels ver uwyobs teqnikur-
taqtikuri arsenalis aTvisebasa da srulyofas da limitirebuls xdis
xelburTelis SesaZleblobebs. magaliTad, xelburTels, romelsac
sakmarisad ara aqvs ganviTarebuli xtomadoba, ver SeZlebs karSi
tyorcnis Tanamedrove teqnikis aTvisebas da karSi natyorcni burTebis
blokirebas. Gundi, romlis moTamaSeebi ar arian swrafi, ver SeZleben
swrafi garRvevis efeqturad gamoyenebas da a.S.
saerTo da specialuri fizikuri momzadeba
urTierTdakavSirebulia da erTmaneTs avsebs. momzadebis es saxeebi
36
gansazRvraven SejibrebebSi xelburTelebis moqmedebebis realur
SesaZleblobas. aucilebelia agreTve aRiniSnos, rom fizikuri
momzadebis sakmaod maRali done erT-erTi mniSvnelovani faqtoria
fsiqologiuri TvalsazrisiTac. fizikurad yovelmxriv momzadebuli
xelburTeli ufro dajerebulia Tavis siZliereSi, rac xels uwyobs mas
TamaSis eqstremalur situaciebSi gamoavlinos maRali nebelobiTi
Tvisebebi.
funqcionaluri SesaZleblobebi warmoadgens xelburTelis
fizikuri momzadebis safuZvels. maTi ganviTarebis done konkretulad
vlindeba sportul muSaobisunarianobaSi. saswavlo-sawvrTno
mecadineobebis dagegmvisas calkeul etapebze aucileblad unda iqnas
gaTvaliswinebuli xelburTelebis organizmis funqcionalur Zvrebze
fizikuri varjiSebis zemoqmedebis xarisxi.
teqnikuri momzadeba. xelburTis TamaSis Tanamedrove tendencia
gansazRvravs teqnikuri momzadebis mimarTulebas. mxolod srulyofili
teqnikuri momzadebiT SeiZleba umaRlesi Sedegebis miRweva. wvrTnis
procesSi xelburTelma unda aiTvisos Tanamedrove xelburTis TamaSis
yvela teqnikuri xerxi da gamoiyenos isini nebismier saTamaSo
situaciaSi. mas unda SeeZlos sxvadasxva teqnikuri xerxis Sexameba
erTmaneTTan moedanze gadaadgilebis nebismier pirobebSi (siarulSi,
sirbilSi, xtomSi, vardnaSi da sxva).
mravalwlian sawvrTno procesSi pirobiTad gamoyofen teqnikis
swavlebis sam etaps:
- teqnikuri xerxebis swavlebis etapebi;
- misi stabilizacia da srulyofa;
- umaRlesi sportuli ostatobis miRweva.
teqnikis swavleba, ise rogorc yovelmxrivi fizikuri momzadeba,
ganixileba rogorc umaRlesi Sedegebis miRwevis safuZveli. momzadebis
es ganayofi gadamwyvet rols asrulebs xelburTis Semdgom saqmianobaSi.
maszea damokidebuli xelburTelis SesaZleblobaTa zrdis tempebi.
mocemuli etapis ZiriTadi amocanaa teqnikis Camoyalibeba,
teqnikuri xerxebis ZiriTadi kanonzomierebebis aTviseba. amisaTvis: 1)
gamoyenebul unda iqnas sirbili, xtomebi, tyorcnebi; 2) moTamaSeebma
unda SeiZinon iseTi mamoZravebeli Cvevebi, romlebic aucilebelia
teqnikis ZiriTadi xerxebis Sesasruleblad; 3) maT unda SeZlon
Seswavlili teqnikuri xerxebis TamaSSi gamoyeneba.
37
TamaSis ZiriTadi moZraobebis sworad aTviseba damokidebulia
pedagogiuri amocanebis Tanmimdevrul da swor dayenebaze. dasawyisSi
sportsmenma unda aiTvisos sawyisi mdgomareoba, gaigos, sxeulis romeli
nawili monawileobs ama Tu im moZraobaSi da rogoria am moZraobebis
mimarTuleba. Semdeg xelburTelma unda iswavlos moZraobebis
Sesruleba optimaluri amplitudiT misTvis mosaxerxebel nebismier
tempSi, bolos ki aoTvisos teqnikuri xerxis calkeuli detalebi.
taqtikuri momzadeba. xelburTelebis taqtikuri momzadeba
gulisxmobs sportuli orTabrZolis wayvanis xelovnebas. is efuZneba
sportsmenis SesaZleblobebs swrafad gaaanalizos Seqmnili saTamaSo
situacia da monaxos mocemuli taqtikuri amocanis Sesrulebis
optimaluri varianti, romelsac gadawyvets partniorebTan erTad.
taqtikuri momzadebis Teoriuli safuZvlebis SeqmnisaTvis farTod unda
iqnas gamoyenebuli xelburTelis individualuri muSaobis yvela forma.
man unda Seiswavlos Sejibrebis wesebi da msajobis Taviseburebani, unda
SeZlos sakuTari saSejibro gamocdilebis detaluri gaanalizeba. ase,
magaliTad, xelburTelis piradi dRiuris garCeva iZl;eva imis
SesaZleblobas, rom daadginos sportuli Sedegebis swrafi zrdis an
daqveiTebis mizezebi, Seudaros sxvadasxva etapebze taqtikuri
momzadebis Taviseburebebs da gaakeTos Sesabamisi daskvnebi.
mizanSewonilia, xelburTelma periodulad, damoukideblad
Seadginos konkretuli Sexvedris taqtikuri gegma (rogorc TavisTvis,
ise gundisTvisac) da Sexvedris damTavrebis Semdeg mwvrTnelTan erTad
Seadaros igi Catarebuli TamaSis msvlelobas, gaaanalizos yovelive da
dasaxos taqtikuri momzadebis Semdgomი srulyofis gzebi.
xelburTelebis taqtikur momzadebaSi naTlad gamoiyofa
meTodurad urTierTdakavSirebuli oTxi amocana:
1. momecadineebSi rTuli reaqciis, yuradRebis, orientirebis,
sazrianobisa da SemoqmedebiTi iniciativis swrafi ganviTareba;
2. TavdasxmaSi da dacvaSi individualuri, jgufuri da gunduri
moqmedebebis daufleba;
3. saTamaSo saSualebebisa da Seswavlili taqtikuri moqmedebebis
efeqturad gamoyenebis uzrunvelyofa sakuTari Zalisa da
SesaZleblobebis gaTvaliswinebiT;
4. TamaSis msvlelobis dros gunduri moqmedebebis erTi
variantidan meoreze gadasvlis unaris gamomuSaveba.
38
Tu pirveli ori amocana ZiriTadad Seswavlis pirvel etapze
unda gadawydes, danarCeni ori sportuli srulyofis xangrZlivi
periodis manZilze wydeba.
saTamaSo momzadeba aris xelburTelis sportuli momzadebis
integraluri (mTliani, ganuwyveteli) forma, romelic mimarTulia
orTabrZolis wamyvanis unar-Cvevebis srulyofisaken. saTamaSo
momzadebis ZiriTadi saSualebaa mwvrTnelis mier specialurad
organizebuli ormxrivi saswavlo TamaSi. aucilebeli is ki ar aris,
aseT TamaSSi raime warmatebas miaRwio, aramed is, rom aiTviso brZolis
wayvanis meTodebi, Tvalyuri adevno TamaSis msvlelobas da gaarCio
aucilebeli da saWiro meorexarisxovanisa da SemTxveviTisagan.
saTamaSo momzadebis sworad warmarTvisaTvis saWiroa ramdenadme
gaadvilebul iqnas TamaSis pirobebi an piriqiT, romelime sakontrolo
amocanis Sesrulebis dros xelovnurad SeizRudos dro da sivrce,
sistematurad gaakontrolon xelburTelebis mier ama Tu im saTamaSo
davalebis Sesruleba da, warmatebis SemTxvevaSi, waaxalison isini.
saTamaSo momzadebis efeqtianobis asamaRleblad mizanSewonilia
gamoyenebul iqnas meToduri xerxebis kompleqsebi:
1. saswavlo TamaSi partniorebTan, romlebic moqmedeben momavali
mTavari mowinaaRmdegis savaraudo taqtikuri gegmiT;
2. gundis ZiriTad SemadgenlobaSi saTadarigo moTamaSeebis
Seyvana, romlebsac aseve moeTxovebaT dasaxuli taqtikuri amocanis
Sesruleba;
3. erTi taqtikuri kombinaciidan meoreze gadasvla winaswar
daTqmuli signalis meSveobiT;
4. mowinaaRmdegis mier saTamaSo situaciis an dasaxuli gegmis
Secvlis SemTxvevaSi saTamaSo pirobebis swrafi cvlileba;
5. monawileoba saswavlo TamaSebSi Semcirebuli da gadidebuli
saTamaSo reJimiT.
nebismieri saswavlo TamaSis mimdinareobis procesSi mwvrTnelma
maqsimalurad unda gaamaxvilos yuradReba uburTo TamaSis moqmedebebis
sisworesa da aqtiurobaze, dacvidan TavdasxmaSi gadasvlasa da burTis
karSi gatanis an dakargvis SemTxvevaSi ukan dabrunebaze.
saSejibro momzadeba. gundis SejibrebaSi monawileoba ganixileba
rogorc xelburTelebis momzadebulobis gamovlinebis umaRlesi forma.
39
saSejibro momzadeba Tanamedrove etapze udides mniSvnelobas
iZens. saSejibro pirobebSi gacilebiT metad warmoCindeba sportsmenis
organizmis potenciali. swored შejibreba uwyobs xels xelburTelis
adaptirebas maqsimaluri datvirTvebisadmi, mxolod Sejibrebis procesSi
xdeba sakuTari Zalebis sruli mobilizeba da maTi racionaluri
ganawileba. mowinaaRmdege gundTan SexvedraSi xdeba sakuTari
SesaZleblobebis maqsimumis gamovlena. Tu moTamaSeebi sistematurad
imyofebian erTsa da imave saTamaSo pirobebSi da xvdebian erTsa da imave
gunds, maT SeiZleba gamoumuSavdeT qcevis stereotipuli sistema,
romelic uciloblad miscems bzars, rogorc ki Seiqmneba gansxvavebuli
pirobebi an mowinaaRmdege iqneba ucnobi.
saSejibro momzadebiT mTavrdeba wlis ZiriTadi SejibrebisaTvis
gundis momzadebis procesi. gundebis momzadebis sistemaSi miznobrivi
daniSnulebis mixedviT Sejibrebebs yofen sakontrolo, mimyvan da
ZiriTad Sejibrebebad. TiToeul maTgans Tavisi konkretuli mizani da
amocana aqvs.
saSejibrebo momzadebis saerTo moculoba damokidebulia
gundebis kvalifikaciaze. wliur ciklSi pirveli da meore jgufis
gundebi, romlebic monawileoben saqarTvelos CempionatebSi da Tasis
gaTamaSebebSi, unda atarebdnen 45-55 TamaSs, aqedan 8-10 sakontrolos da
6-8 mimyvans. ufro dabali kvalifikaciis gundebSi saSejibrebo
momzadebis moculoba mcirdeba. am SemTxvevaSi saSejibrebo datvirTvebis
Semcireba unda moxdes ZiriTadi Sejibrebebis Semcirebis xarjze.
fsiqologiuri momzadeba. sportSi fsiqologiuri momzadebis
cneba gulisxmobs kompleqsur pedagogiur process, romelic mimarTulia
sportsmenis nebelobiTi Tvisebebis yovelmxrivi ganviTarebisaken.
xelburTelis fsiqologiuri momzadebis procesSi pirvel rigSi
gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos pirovneba, misi temperamenti da xasiaTi,
asaki, gamocdileba, Sejibrebis masStabebi da pirobebi. sportsmenis
fsiqikuri mzadyofnis cnebaSi vgulisxmobT pirovnebis iseT
mdgomareobas, rodesac igi nebismier drosa da pirobebSi axerxebs
sakuTari SesaZleblobebis mobilizebas da am ukanasknelis maqsimalurad
realizebas Sejibrebis eqstremalur pirobebSi. F
ფsiqologiuri momzadebis amocanaa pirvel rigSi xeli Seuwyos
sportsmenis im fsiqikuri procesebisa da Tvisebebis gamovlenasa da
ganviTarebas, romlebic ganapirobeben sportis ama Tu im saxeobaSi
sportsmenis fsiqikur mzadyofnas da mis ganmtkicebas (swored es aris
SejibrebaSi sportsmenis warmatebis erT-erTi aucilebeli piroba).
40
sportis gundur saxeobebSi, kerZod ki xelburTSi, sportsmenis
pirovnebis fsiqikuri mzadyofna bevradaa damokidebuli gundis, rogorc
sportuli koleqtivis fsiqikur mzadyofnaze da, piriqiT, TiToeuli
xelburTelis fsiqikuri mzadyofna ganapirobebs gundis fsiqikur
mzadyofnas. es urTierToba Tavisi bunebiT rTulia. igi eqvemdebareba
socialuri jgufis fsiqologiis kanonzomierebebs, fsiqikuri mzadyofna
sportsmenis maRali gawvrTnilobis ganuyofeli Semadgeneli nawilia.
sportis fsiqologiaSi arCeven fsiqologiuri momzadebis or
saxes _ zogadfsiqologiurs da konkretuli SejibrebisaTvis
fsiqologiur momzadebas.
zogadi fsiqologiuri momzadeba mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi unda
mimdinareobdes sportsmenis fizikur, teqnikur da taqtikur
momzadebasTan erTad. sportsmenis pirovnebis da gundis wevrTa
pirovnuli Tu socialur-fsiqologiuri xasiaTis xarvezebi, naklovani
mxareebi da Taviseburebebi mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs wvrTnisa da
Sejibrebis procesSi warmatebas. aRniSnulis gamo zogadfsiqologiur
momzadebas aucileblad win unda uswrebdes sportsmenis pirovnebisa da
sportuli koleqtivis Taviseburebebis gamovlena, maTi Zlieri da susti
mxareebis dadgena, maTi fsiqologiuri portretebis Seqmna. mwvrTnels
sakuTari empiriuli gamocdilebis niadagze garkveuli informacia aqvs
Tavisi aRsazrdelebis pirovnebis individualuri da koleqtivis
socialur-fsiqologiuri bunebis Sesaxeb. magram, cxadia, es informacia
sruli da yovelTvis sando ar aris, radgan yovel pirovnebas
metnaklebad axasiaTebs Selamazebis tendencia. pirovneba xSirad uars
acxadebs misTvis damaxasiaTebel iseT pirovnul niSnebze, romlebic
socialurad miuRebelia, xolo miiwers iseT pirovnul niSnebs,
romlebic mas ar axasiaTebs, magram socialurad misaRebia. aRniSnulis
Seswavlis niadagze miRebuli masalis mixedviT, rogorc aRvniSneT,
SeiZleba Seiqmnas fsiqologiuri portretebi, romlebSic konkretulad
iqneba warmodgenili sportsmenis pirovnebis Zlieri da susti mxareebi,
romelTa codnis safuZvelze SesaZlebelia imis dadgena, Tu ra
konkretuli saxis fsiqologiur daxmarebas saWiroebs esa Tu is
sportsmeni. fsiqologiuri portretis niadagze iqmneba rekomendaciebi,
romlebSic miTiTebuli iqneba fsiqologiuri xasiaTis naklovani mxare,
xarvezi da maTi gamosworebis, aRmofxvris gzebi.
konkretuli SejibrebisTvis fsiqologiur momzadebaSi gamoyofen
adreuli da uSualo fsiqologiuri momzadebis etapebs.
adreuli fsiqologiuri momzadeba im periodidan iwyeba, rodesac
sportsmenisaTvis cnobili gaxdeba SejibrebaSi misi monawileoba. am
etapze specifikuri amocanebi wydeba. saWiroa momavali Sejibrebis
41
pirobebis Sesaxeb detaluri da rac SeiZleba sruli informacia
(sportuli bazisa da inventaris xarisxis, Sejibrebis debulebis, kvebisa
da sxva). aseve mniSvnelovania informacia savaraudo mowinaaRmdegeTa
Sesaxeb sportuli formis, maTi calkeuli moTamaSeebis individualuri
Taviseburebebis Sesaxeb. amave etapze unda SeimuSaon momavali
Sejibrebis samoqmedo gegma _ taqtikuri sqemebi. xSirad taqtikuri sqema
ar Seesatyviseba Sejibrebisas Seqmnil viTarebas, amitom aucilebelia
taqtikuri sqemis sxvadasxva variantis winaswar SemuSaveba, wvrTnis
procesSi maTi srulyofilad dauflebisa da gamoyenebis Cvevebis
gamomuSaveba. SejibrebaSi monawile sportsmens (gunds) unda dausaxon
konkretuli mizani. am etapze wvrTnis procesis iseTi modelebiT
varjiSobaa aucilebeli, romlebic maqsimalurad iqneba miaxloebuli
momavali Sejibrebis pirobebTan. amave etapidan iwyeba wvrTnis,
dasvenebisa da sxva reJimebis sagangebo dacva.
წვრთნის პრინციპები. როგორც aRvniSneT, xelburTelebis wvrTna swavlebisa
da aRzrdis zogad kanonzomierebebs emyareba, magram sportul wvrTnas,
rogorc aRzrdis gansakuTrebul formas Taviseburebebi axasiaTebs.
sportul wvrTnas aqvs Tavisi specifikuri kanonzomierebebi, rac misi
agebisas aucileblad saWiroebs zogadi principebis dakonkretebas
xelburTis TamaSisa da wvrTnis TaviseburebaTa Sesabamisad. aseTebia:
maRali miRwevebisaken swrafva, saerTo da specialuri momzadebis
erTianoba, sawvrTno procesis uwyvetoba, TandaTanobiTobisa da
“zRvruli” datvirTvis tendenciis urTierTkavSiri, datvirTvis dinamikis
talRuroba da sawvrTno procesis cikluroba.
maRali miRwevebisaken swrafva. xelburTi, iseve rogorc sportis
sxva saxeobebi, warmoudgenelia Sejibrebis gareSe, amitom savsebiT
bunebrivi da kanonzomieria sportsmenis miswrafeba umaRlesi Sedegebis
miRwevisaken. maRali Sedegebisaken miswrafebis realizacia xdeba
sportuli wvrTnis gegmazomieri agebis meSveobiT yvelaze ufro qmediTi
meTodebisa da saSualebebis gamoyenebiT, xelburTSi gaRrmavebuli
specializaciisa da, kerZod, saTamaSo funqciebis mixedviT, yovelwliuri
da mravalwliani varjiSiT.
saerTo da specialuri momzadebis erTianoba. igi xelburTelis
mravalmxriv ganviTarebasa da sportul specializacias Soris
urTierTkavSiris dialeqtikuri gagebidan gamomdinareobs. xelburTSi
specializacia ar gamoricxavs sportsmenis mravalmxriv ganviTarebas,
piriqiT, yvelaze ufro mniSvnelovani progresi SesaZlebelia mxolod
organizmis funqciuri SesaZleblobebis saerTo amaRlebis, fizikuri da
sulieri unarianobis mravalmxrivi ganviTarebis safuZvelze.
42
wvrTnis procesis uwyvetoba. sportuli wvrTna mravalwliani
gegmazomieri saswavlo-aRmzrdelobiTi procesia, romlis erT-erTi
aucilebeli da ZiriTadi niSan-Tvisebaa wvrTnis procesis uwyvetoba.
uwyvetobas, rogorc sawvrTno procesis kanonzomierebas, sportSi
axasiaTebs sami ZiriTadi mimarTuleba: 1. sportuli wvrTna mimdinareobs
mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi da mravalwliani mecadineobebis saxiT; 2. am
procesis rgolebs Soris kavSiri uzrunvelyofilia wvrTnis uaxloesi
da kumulaciuri efeqtis uwyveti memkvidreobiTobis safuZvelze; 3.
sawvrTno mecadineobebs Soris intervali iseT farglebSi unda iyos
daculi, rom arsebobdes gawvrTnilobis ganuwyveteli zrdis garantia.
TandaTanobiTobisa da zRvruli datvirTvis tendenciis
urTierTkavSiri. organizmis funqciuri SesaZleblobebis amaRleba
uSualo kavSirSia sawvrTno datvirTvis sididesTan. TandaTanobiT da
ganuxrelad izrdeba xelburTelis fizikuri datvirTva, moTxovnebi
teqnikuri, taqtikuri da fsiqologiuri momzadebulobisadmi. datvirTvis
gazrda xdeba moculobisa da intensivobis gazrdis xarjze, rac icvleba
sawvrTno procesis sxvadasxva etapze. Tanamedrove mecnierulma
gamokvlevebma sportSi cxadyo, rom sportuli miRwevebis zrda sawvrTno
datvirTvis zrdis pirobebSi mimdinareobs.
datvirTvis dinamikis talRuroba. xelburTelebis wvrTnis
procesSi datvirTvis dinamikis talRisebri xasiaTi ganpirobebulia
daRlilobisa da aRdgeniTi procesebis TaviseburebebiT, rac saWiroebs
didi, saSualo da mcire datvirTvisa da dasvenebis monacvleobas
wvrTnis mikrociklSi, etapebsa da periodebSi. talRobrivi cvalebadoba
axasiaTebs rogorc datvirTvis moculobis dinamikas, ise intensivobas.
intensivobisa da moculobis “talRa” erTmaneTs ar emTxveva _
moculobis gazrdis SemTxvevaSi intensivoba mcirdeba da piriqiT.
sawvrTno procesis cikluroba. zemoT aRniSnul
kanonzomierebebTan erTad sportul wvrTnas axasiaTebs mkafiod
gamoxatuli cikluroba. sawvrTno procesis cikluroba niSnavs mis
sistematurad gameorebas drois gansazRvruli monakveTis farglebSi.
yoveli momdevno cikli nawilobrivi gameorebaa da sawvrTno procesis
ganviTarebis tendenciebis gamomxatvelia. axali cikli winasagan
gansxvavdeba Sinaarsis, saSualebebisa da meTodebis nawilobrivi
SecvliT, sawvrTno datvirTvis gazrdiT da a.S. arCeven did _
makrocikls (wliuri da naxevarwliuri), saSualo _ mezocikls (Tviuri)
da mcire _ mikrocikls (kvireuli).
3.2.wvrTnis dagegmva
43
xelburTelis momzadeba axalbedadan maRali klasis sportsmenamde
erTiani sistemaa, romlis Semadgeneli nawilebi urTierTdakavSirebulia
da garkveul mizans emsaxureba.
xelburTelebis mravalwliani momzadebis procesSi dagegmva erT-erTi
mniSvnelovali pirobaa, romelic uzrunvelyofs sportSi miRwevaTa
uwyvet zrdas. dagegmva marTvis ZiriTadi rgolia, romelic gansazRvravs
xelburTelis momzadebis mTeli procesis Sinaarss. gundebis momzadebis
miznebis, amocanebisa da programebis gansazRvra warmoadgens dagegmvis
upirveles amocanas.
xelburTisaTvis, rogorc sxva sportuli TamaSebisaTvis,
damaxasiaTebelia gunduri orTabrZola, romelic moiTxovs rogorc
individualuri, ise gunduri saTamaSo moqmedebebis srulyofas. am
TaviseburebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT dro, romelic eTmoba saswavlo-
sawvrTno process, SeiZleba Semdegnairad ganawildes: fizikur
momzadebaze 20-25%, teqnikur da fsiqologiur momzadebaze 30-35%,
taqtikurda saSejibro momzadebaze _ 45-50%. am cifrebSi SesaZlebelia
garkveuli koreqtivebis Setana moTamaSeTa asakis, kvelifikaciisa da
momzadebis periodebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
xelburTSi SejibrebebisaTvis gamoyofili dReebis raodenoba
gacilebiT metia, vidre sportis sxva saxeobebSi. aqedan gamomdinare,
dReebis Sefardeba, romlebic eTmoba saswavlo-sawvrTno mecadineobebsa
da Sejibrebebs, wliur ciklSi Seadgens daaxloebiT 4:1.
xelburTelTa gundisa da calkeuli moTamaSeebis momzadebis dagegmva
emyareba sportul wvrTnaSi miRebul obieqtur saerTo kanonzomierebebs,
romlebsac ganekuTvneba saerTo da specialuri momzadebis erTianoba,
wvrTnis procesis uwyvetoba, TandaTanobiTobisa da zRvruli
datvirTvebis urTierTkavSiri, datvirTvis dinamikis talRobrioba da
sawvrTno procesis cvalebadoba.
erT sezonSi miRweuli moTamaSeTa funqcionalur SesaZleblobaTa
ganviTarebis dones ganmtkiceba da srulyofa sWirdeba momdevnoSi.
forsirebuli momzadeba xels uSlis maRali Sedegebis miRwevas da zians
ayenebs sportsmenis janmrTelobas.
dagegmvis dokumentebi ise unda iqnas Sedgenili, rom maTSi
gaTvakliswinebuli iyos sportsmenis harmoniuli ganviTarebis
uzrunvelyofa, fizikuri da moraluri SesaZleblobebis srulyofa,
movarjiSeTa asaki, sqesi, fizikuri ganviTarebisa da momzadebis done,
dro, winamdebare Sejibrebebis masStabebi, materialur-teqnikuri baza da
wvrTnis procesis organizaciis sxva pirobebi. unda ganisazRvros
dasaxuli samuSaos moculoba da Sinaarsi. gaangariSebul unda iqnas
44
dro, vadebi da saboloo Sedegi. sportuli wvrTnis pirobebis
Sesabamisad dasaSvebia gegmebSi Sesworebebisa da cvlilebebis Setana.
gegmebis Sedgenisas aucilebelia gaanalizebul iqnas gasuli wlebis
gegmebi, maTi amocanebi da Sinaarsi, Sesrulebis xarisxi. gansakuTrebuli
yuradReba gamaxvilebuli unda iqnas daSvebul Secdomebze da maTi
aRmofxvris gzebze. yoveli momdevno gegma miznad unda isaxavdes
moTxovnilebaTa gazrdis aucileblobas.
dagegmvis saxeebi. xelburTelebis momzadebaSi arsebobs dagegmvis
ori erTmaneTTan mWidrod dakavSirebuli saxe _ gunduri da
individualuri. sportul wvrTnaSi saerTod da xelburTSi kerZod
arCeven dagegmvis Semdeg saxeebs: perspeqtiuls (ramodenime welze) da
operatiuls (periodze, etapze, Tveze, mecadineobaze).
perspeqtiuli dagegmva. perspeqtiuli gegmis Sedgena rTuli da
Sromatevadi saqmea. calkeuli xelburTelebisa da mTlianad gundis
SesaZleblobebis gaTvaliswinebiT dagegmva mwvrTnelisagan moiTxovs
sportuli wvrTnis safuZvlebis Rrma codnasa da prognozirebis unars.
rogorc wesi, xelburTi gunduri TamaSia da, ra Tqma unda, perspeqtiuli
gegmac mTlianad gundze unda Sedges. magram sportuli TamaSis sirTule
swored imaSi mdgomareobs, rom aq aucilebelic aris individualuri
perspeqtiuli gegmis Sedgena.
perspeqtiuli dagegmareba aucilebelia rogorc mozrdilTa, ise
iuniorTa gundebisaTvis. bavSvTa gundebisaTvis perspeqtiuli momzadebis
dagegmvis wamyvan dokuments warmoadgens bavSvTa da mozardTa sportuli
skolebis programebi, romlebSic mkafiod aris gansazRvruli moTxovnebi
yvela asakobrivi jgufisaTvis.
perspeqtiuli gegmis Sedgenis dros aanalizeben gundisa da
TiToeuli moTamaSis Sedegebs da sawyis monacemebs, swavloben TamaSis
ganviTarebis ZiriTad kanonzomierebebs, gansazRvraven moTamaSeTa
fizikuri, teqnikuri da taqtikuri momzadebis cvlilebebis dinamikas,
ganazogadeben mecnieruli kvlevis Sedegebs da yovelive amis safuZvelze
adgenen gegmas ramodenime welze. gegmis Sedgenis dros unda
ixelmZRvanelon moTamaSeTa janmrTelobis, fizikuri ganviTarebisa da
funqcionaluri SesaZleblobebis monacemebiT.
perspeqtiuli dagegmvis dokumentebi da maTi ZiriTadi Sinaarsi
perspeqtiuli dagegmvisaTvis adgenen Semdeg dokumentebs: 1.
gundur perspeqtiul gegmas; 2. individualur perspeqtiul gegmas.
45
momzadebis perspeqtiuli gegma Sedgeba ori monawilisagan:
teqstisa da ZiriTadi maCveneblebis grafikisagan.
gundis momzadebis perspeqtiuli gegmis sanimuSo gegma da
misi ZiriTadi Sinaarsi
1. momzadebis mizani. saswavlo-sawvrTno procesis ZiriTadi
mimarTulebebisa da ciklis umTavresi Sejibrebis saboloo Sedegis
dasaxva.
2. gundis dakompleqteba da rezervis momzadeba. gundis
dakompleqtebis mdgomareobis gansazRvra da srulfasovani rezervis
momzadeba.
3. SejibrebebSi monawileoba. saSejibro momzadebis amocanebis
dasaxva wlebis moxedviT, TamaSebis saerTo raodenoba, maT Soris
kalendaruli da sakontrolo; ZiriTadi Sejibrebebis CamoTvla,
romlebSic savaraudoa gundis monawileoba; maTi Sedegebis
prognozireba.
4. sawvrTneli datvirTva. sawvrTneli datvirTvis ZiriTadi
amocanebis gansazRvra, wlebis mixedviT datvirTvis, misi moculobisa da
intensivobis gansazRvra.
5. momzadebis periodizacia. momzadebis wliuri ciklebis
periodebis ZiriTadi amocanebis dasaxva, maTi principuli struqtura;
wlebis mixedviT momzadebis etapebisa da maTi xangrZlivobis gansazRvra.
6. momzadebis done da saSualebebi. momzadebis TiToeuli mxaris
(fizikuri, teqnikuri, taqtikuri, fsiqologiuri, Teoriuli) ZiriTadi
amocanebisa da mimarTulebebis gansazRvra. fizikur da teqnikur
momzadebaSi sakontrolo varjiSebis normatiuli moTxovnebis dadgena.
7. aRricxva, pedagogiuri da saeqimo kontroli, TviTkontroli.
sakontrolo normativebis Catarebis, samedicino Semowmebis, aRricxvis
mTeli sistemis, kontrolisa da TviTkontrolis Catarebis vadebis
dadgena.
gegmis Sinaarsis TvalsaCino formaa grafiki, sadac SeaqvT
momzadebis sxvadasxva mxareebze wliuri maCveneblebi. aseTi grafikis
forma warmodgenilia cxrilSi #4.
46
cxrili 4
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
rogorc aRvniSneT, gundur da individualur gegmebs adgenen
erTmaneTis sruli SesabamisobiT. individualur perspeqtiul dagegmvaSi
ama Tu im xelburTelis SesaZleblobebisa da saTamaSo funqciebis
gaTvaliswinebiT akonkreteben gunduri gegmis ZiriTad mimarTulebebs.
|?
individualuri perspeqtiuli gegmis sanimuSo forma
da misi ZiriTadi Sinaarsi
1. sportsmenis piradi monacemebi. saerTo da antropometruli.
2. momzadebis mizani da ZiriTadi amocanebi. umTavres sportul
Sejibrebaze saboloo Sedegi da am miznis misaRwevad moTamaSis
momzadebis ZiriTadi amocanebi.
3. sawvrTno datvirTvebi. saswavlo-sawvrTno mecadineobebis (maT
Soris gundurisa da individualuris) raodenoba, mecadineobebis
moculoba saaTobiT.
47
4. momzadebis done, amocanebi da ZiriTadi saSualebebi.
TavdasxmaSi taqtikuri momzadeba (swrafi garRvevisa da poziciuri
Tavdasxmis dros), dacvaSi taqtikuri momzadeba (sxvadasxva sistemis
dros), teqnikur-taqtikuri momzadebis ZiriTadi saSualebebi, saTamaSo
maCveneblebi, davalebebi fizikur momzadebaSi, sakontrolo varjiSebi da
fizikuri momzadebulobis maCveneblebi, fsiqologiuri momzadeba
(saerTo da saTamaSo disciplina, nebelobiTi Tvisebebi), qceva rTul
konfliqtur situaciaSi da sakuTari emociebis marTva, Teoriuli
momzadeba (individualuri wvrTnis Catarebis unari, mecadineobebisa da
TamaSis, TviTkontrolis monacemebis analizi da a.S.).
5. saeqimo, pedagogiuri kontroli da TviTkontroli. saeqimo
kontroli (ZiriTadi da ganmeorebiTi saeqimo Semowmebis vada).
Ppedagogiuri kontroli (sakontrolo varjiSebis normatiuli
moTxovnebis Cabarebis TariRebi). TviTkontroli (dRiuris wera).
xelburTSi sawvrTno procesis erTianobas uzrunvelyofen
sportuli wvrTnis struqturis safuZvelze da gansazRvraven obieqtur
kanonzomierebebs (saerTo da specialuri momzadebis erTianobas,
uwyvetobas, ciklurobas da sxva). wvrTnis agebis konkretul formaze
gavlenas axdens sportuli saqmianobis ZiriTadi pirobebis erToblioba:
cxovrebis saerTo reJimi, Sejibrebis kalendari da a.S. im drois
xangrZlivobis gaTvaliswinebiT, romlis farglebSic xdeba sawvrTno
procesis ama Tu im rgolis organizacia. arCeven: mikrostruqturas _
calkeuli sawvrTneli mecadineobisa da mikrociklis (magaliTad,
kvireulis) struqturas; mezostruqturas _ wvrTnis etapebis
struqturas, romelic moicavs SedarebiT damTavrebul ramodenime
mikrocikls (erT Tvemde); makrostruqturas _ naxevarwliuri, wliuri da
mravalwliani tipis didi sawvrTneli ciklebis struqturas.
mimdinare (wliuri) dagegmva perspeqtiuli dagegmvis Semadgeneli
nawilia da gamoirCeva wvrTnis saSualebebisa da sakontrolo
davalebebis konkretulobiT, momzadebis mxareebze drois ganawilebis
sizustiT.
fizikuri varjiSebis saSualebiT sportsmeni drois garkveul
monakveTSi aRwevs mamoZravebeli SesaZleblobebis sakmaod maRal dones,
magram SeuZlebelia am mdgomareobis SenarCuneba mTeli wlis manZilze.
sportuli formis TandaTanobiTi ganviTarebis kanonzomierebebidan
gamomdinare (formis SeZena, stabilizacia, droebiTi daqveiTeba),
xelburTelTa saswavlo-sawvrTno mecadineobebis wliur gegmas adgenen
sportuli wvrTnis periodizaciis principebze.
48
sportis TeoriaSi miRebulia wvrTnis wliuri ciklis dayofa
mosamzadebel, saSejibro da gardamaval periodebad, romlebic mTlianad
Seesabameba sportuli formis ganviTarebis sam ZiriTad fazas _
Camoyalibebas, stabilizacias da umaRlesi donis miRwevas, droebiT
daqveiTebas.
Mmimdinare (wliuri) dagegmvis dokumentebi. mimdinare gegmaSi
konkretizirdeba perspeqtiuli gegma erTi wlis farglebSi. gunduri
(jgufuri) dagegmvisaTvis saWiroa saswavlo gegmis, programisa da
saswavlo gegmis gavlis grafiki.
saswavlo gegmaSi unda aisaxos saswavlo muSaobis Sinaarsi,
momzadebis calkeul ganayofebze garkveul saaTTa raodenoba da maTi
ganawileba periodebis mixedviT.
programa gansazRvravs fizikuri ganviTarebisa da sportul-
teqnikuri momzadebulobis im dones, romelsac unda miaRwion
momecadineebma. igi aseve gansazRvravs sxvadasxva ganayofebis mixedviT
Teoriuli da praqtikuli mecadineobebis Sinaarss.
programebis SinaarsSi aucineblad dakonkretdes calkeuli
amocanebi momecadineTa Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT (asaki, sqesi,
janmrTelobis mdgomareoba, fizikuri da teqnikur-taqtikuri
momzadebuloba). aseve aucileblad gasaTvaliswinebelia saswavlo gegmis
saaTTa raodenoba.
grafikSi unda aisaxos saswavlo gegmis ganayofebis
Tanmimdevroba ciklebis, periodebisa da etapebis mixedviT, fizikur da
teqnikur momzadebaSi sakontrolo varjiSebis normativebis Cabarebis
Tanmimdevroba da vadebi.
umaRlesi rangis gundebisaTvis saswavlo gegma, grafiki da
programa gaerTianebulia erT dokumentSi _ momzadebis wliur gegma-
grafikSi.
operatiuli dagegmva. operatiuli gegmebi dgeba wlis calkeul
periodebze (etapze an Tveze) da TiToeul sawvrTnel mecadineobaze.
operatiuli dagegmvis DZiriTadi dokumentebia: samuSao gegma, sawvrTno
mecadineobebis gegma-konspeqti da mecadineobebis cxrili.
samuSao gegmaSi momzadebis saSualebebisa da sawvrTno
datvirTvebisdagegmva efuZneba wvrTnis kvireuli ciklis (mikrociklis)
kanonzomierebebs. samuSao gegma dgeba wliuri gegmisa da gegma-grafikis
safuZvelze, romlebSic miTiTebulia saswavlo-sawvrTno muSaobis
ganayofebi da dro am ganayofebis gavlisaTvis (saaTebis raodenoba),
teqnikuri xerxebis Seswavlisa da srulyofis, fizikuri Tvisebebis
49
ganviTarebis meTodika, momzadebis sxvadasxva mxareebis sanormativo
moTxovnebi. mocemulia aseve sawvrTno datvirTvebis moculoba da
intensivoba.
3.3. sportuli wvrTnis periodizacia
sportis yvela saxeobisa da xelburTisTvisac wliuri wvrTnis
cikli Sedgeba sami periodisagan: mosamzadebeli, saSejibro da
gardamavali.
wlis ganmavlobaSi xelburTSi SeiZleba iyos erTi (zamTris an
zafxulis) an ori (zamTari da zafxuli) sportuli sezoni, amitom
sportuli wvrTnis dagegmvisas unda gaiTvaliswinon erTi an ori didi
cikli.
3.3.1. mosamzadebeli periodi iwyeba momzadebis axali ciklis
pirvelive mecadineobidan da mTavrdeba ZiriTadi Sejibrebis pirveli
kalendaruli TamaSis dawyebisas. am periodSi eyreba safuZveli momaval
warmatebebs, amitom igi rac SeiZleba xangrZlivi unda iyos.
mosamzadebel periodSi xdeba axali meToduri saSualebebis mosinjva,
romlebic mimarTulia fizikuri Tvisebebis ganviTarebis, teqnikuri,
taqtikuri da fsiqologiuri momzadebis srulyofisaken. moTamaSeebs
sinjaven ZiriTad SemadgenlobaSi.
yoveli mosamzadebeli periodi iyofa sam etapad:
pirveli etapis ZiriTadi amocanaa sportuli formis SesaZenad
winapirobebis Seqmna da ganviTareba. am amocanis gadaWra damokidebulia
momzadbis yvela ganayofze (mxareze), magram maTi xvedriTi wili
gansxvavebulia. am etapze mTavar rols asrulebs fizikuri momzadeba,
romelsac eTmoba saerTo drois 40-50%. man unda uzrunvelyos
organizmis funqcionaluri SesaZleblobebis amaRleba. e.i. Seqmnas
safuZveli, romelic Semdeg specialuri fizikuri momzadebis saSualebiT
am unarCvevebis srulyofis SesaZleblobas mogvcems.
am etapze teqnikuri momzadeba meore adgilzea da mas drois 35-
40% eTmoba. moTamaSeebi iTviseben axal teqnikur xerxebs, adre
Seswavlilidan asworeben Secdomebs, mimdinareobs Semdgomi srulyofa.
taqtikur da saTamaSo momzadebas saerTo drois daaxloebiT 20-
25% eTmoba. misi ZiriTadi mimarTulebaa saerTo saTamaSo Cvevebis
50
aRdgena, individualuri da gunduri taqtikuri momzadebis SeZena da
srulyofa.
mosamzadebeli periodis mTel etapze gansakuTrebuli yuradReba
eTmoba fsiqologiur momzadebas. pirvel etapze mimdinareobs sportuli
Sromismoyvareobis aRzrda, nebelobiTi SesaZleblobebis srulyofa,
romlebsac gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs warmatebis mopovebaSi.
aseve yvela etapze mimdinareobs Teoriuli momzadeba: aanalizeben
wina sezonis Sedegebs, momecadineebi ecnobian wlis Sejibrebebis
kalendars, swavloben dRiuris wayvanis principebs, ecnobian
individualuri gegmebis Sedgenasa da sakontrolo normativebs.
sawvrTno datvirTvis dinamikis saerTo tendencias pirvel etapze
axasiaTebs misi moculobisa da intensivobis TandaTanobiTi gadideba
moculobis upiratesi zrdiT. am dros datvirTvis intensivoba izrdeba
iseTi odenobiT, rom igi xels ar uSlis samuSaos didi moculobiT
Sesrulebas. aqedan gamomdinare, bunebrivia, datvirTvis moculobis
zrdis tempi sagrZnoblad didia, vidre intensivobisa. Tu mosamzadebeli
periodis pirvel etapze gazrdian intensivobas, bunebrivia, Semcirdeba
muSaobis moculoba, romlis gareSe SeuZlebelia xelburTelis
organizmze saerTo zemoqmedebis ganxorcieleba. am gziT gamoiwveven
forsirebul wvrTnas, romelic SemdgomSi amuxruWebs intensivobis
matebas da, cxadia, sportuli formis ganviTarebas, mis mdgradobas. es
kanonzomiereba aucileblad unda iyos gaTvaliswinebuli mosamzadebel
periodSi wvrTnis agebisas. wvrTnis aRniSnuli etapis damTavrebisTanave
aucilebelia saerTo fizikuri momzadebis sakontrolo varjiSebis
normativebis Cabareba.
meore etapis ZiriTadi amocanaagawvrTnilobis maqsimaluri donis
miRweva. aq sagrZnoblad izrdeba specialuri fizikuri momzadebis
xvedriTi wona, romelic emsaxureba miRweuli saerTo gawvrTnilobis
SenarCunebasa da ganmtkicebas.
fizikur momzadebas daaxloebiT 25-30%-s uTmoben. meti dro
eTmoba teqnikur momzadebas _ 30-35%, sadac ZiriTadi yuradReba eTmoba
burTis flobisa da moedanze gadaadgilebis teqnikis aTvisebasa da
srulyofas.
gansakuTrebuli adgili uWiravs am etapze taqtikur momzadebas,
romelsac saerTo drois 40-45%-s uTmoben. aq xdeba gundis ZiriTadi
Semadgenlobis dazusteba, sxvadasxva saTamaSo adgilebze (mekaris,
kuTxis, xazis, Suamarbis, gamTamaSeblis)moTamaSeTa gasinjva, axali
taqtikuri moqmedebebisa da variantebis aTviseba-srulyofa. xdeba
fsiqologiuri momzadebis axal-axali meToduri saSualebebis mosinjva.
51
mTeli muSaoba mimarTulia siZneleebis gadalaxvis Cvevebis
gamomuSavebisaken.
Teoriuli momzadeba miznad isaxavs: wvrTnis saerTo safuZvlebis
Seswavlas, dRiurSi gakeTebuli Canawerebis analizs, individualuri
davalebebis Sesrulebis ganxilvas. Teoriul mecadineobebze
xelburTelebi gamoTqvamen TavianT mosazrebebs teqnikuri da taqtikuri
momzadebis sakiTxebze.
meore etapze fizikuri, teqnikuri, taqtikuri da saTamaSo
momzadebisaTvis atareben specialur da kompleqsur mecadineobebs
wvrTnis individualuri, jgufuri da gunduri meTodebis gamoyenebiT.
izrdeba wvrTnis saSejibro meTodebis xvedriTi wona. stabiluri xdeba
datvirTvis saerTo moculoba, maRldeba varjiSebis Sesrulebis
intensivoba.
mesame etapze mTavrdeba moTamaSeTa specialur saSejibro ritmSi
gadayvana da sportuli formis Camoyalibebis procesi. momzadebis
mxareebis xvedriTi wonis Tanafardoba isev meryeobs. sawvrTno
mecadineobebi Seerwymis saSejibro momzadebas.
fizikuri momzadeba, romelsac saerTo drois daaxloebiT 20-25%
eTmoba, mimarTulia saerTo gawvrTnilobis SesanarCuneblad. TiTqmis
orjer meti dro eTmoba specialur fizikur momzadebas saerTosTan
SedarebiT. aq did yuradrebas uTmoben iseTi saSualebebis gamoyenebas,
romlebic xels uwyoben sportsmenebs Sromisunarianobis swraf da
mTlian aRdgenaSi.
fizikuri Tvisebebis ganviTarebisaTvis iyeneben kompleqsur
meTodebs. isini ZiriTadad mimarTulia siswrafis, swraf-Zalismieri
Tvisebebisa da specialuri gamZleobis ganviTarebisaken.
teqnikuri momzadeba moicavs saerTo drois TiTqmis 30-35%-s.
teqnikuri ostatoba SesaZlo srulyofamde midis. teqnikuri xerxebi
sruldeba gaZnelebul pirobebSi.
taqtikur, saTamaSo da saSejibro momzadebas saerTo drois
daasxloebiT 45-50% eTmoba (ZiriTadad saTamaSo da saSejibros).
fsiqologiur momzadebaSi met dros da yuradRebas uTmoben
koleqtivis sabrZolo ganwyobilebas, sakuTari Zalebisadmi rwmenas.
am etapze tardeba sakontrolo normativebis Cabareba fizikur da
teqnikur momzadebaSi, imarTeba amxanaguri da sakontrolo TamaSebi,
sadac uSualod brZolis procesSi mowmdeba gundis teqnikur-taqtikuri
ostatobis done.
52
garkveuli cvlilebebi SeimCneva datvirTvis dinamikaSi _
ramdenadme mcirdeba sawvrTneli datvirTvis moculoba, matulobs maTi
intensivoba. am periodSi mTavrdeba gundis da calkeuli moTamaSeebis
momzadeba wlis mTavari SejibrebisaTvis.
3.3.2. saSejibro periodi iwyeba pirveli ZiriTadi kalendaruli
TamaSiT da mTavrdeba ukanaskneliT, xelburTelebisaTvis, rogorc wesi,
wliur ciklSi aris ori saSejibro periodi _ zamTris da zafxulis.
mosamzadebeli periodisagan gansxvavebiT, mas ara aqvs erTiani Sinagani
struqtura. igi damokidebulia SejibrebaTa raodenobaze da TamaSebis
kalendris agebis principebze.
saSejibro periodis struqturisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia sami tipiuri varianti:
pirveli varianti. Tavisi Sinagani struqturiT saSejibroperiodi
erTgvarovania, yoveli kvireuli cikli erTmaneTs hgavs. aseTi
struqturisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia erTi Sejibrebis Catareba
kalendaruli TamaSebisa da maT Soris intervalebis Tanabari
monacvleobiT.
meore varianti. saSejibro periodis struqtura araerTgvarovania.
igi Sedgeba sakuTriv saSejibro etapebisagan, romelTa Soris intervali
grZeldeba ramodenime kviras. TamaSebis aseT kalendars adgenen turebis
principiT _ tardeba ramodenime turi, romelTa Soris intervali
ramodenime kviraa.
mesame varianti _ saSejibrebo periodis struqtura aerTianebs
pirvel da meore variantebs. aseT variants iyeneben ramodenime
Sejibrebis Catarebis dros. magaliTad, jer tardeba Sejibreba
erTjeradi principiT, kalendaruli TamaSebisa da maT Soris
intervalebis Tanabari monacvleobiT, Semdeg ki turebisa turnirebis
principiT.
saSejibro periodis ZiriTadi amocanaa maqsimalurad stabiluri
Sedegebis miRweva. am amocanis gansaxorcieleblad saWiroa rogorc
sportuli formis SenarCuneba, ise moTamaSeTa momzadebulobis
srulyofa. datvirTvis saerTo moculoba dasawyisSi mcirdeba, Semdeg ki
stabiluri xdeba. intensivoba matulobs maqsimumamde da am doneze isic
stabiluri xdeba. turebsa da Sejibrebebs Soris intervalebis
drosdatvirTvis moculoba da intensivoba meryeobs talRobrivad _
moculoba matulobs, intensivoba ki klebulobs.
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gardamavali periodi iwyeba saSejibrebo periodis ukanaskneli
Sexvedris damTavrebidan da grZeldeba wvrTnis axali ciklis
dawyebamde. momecadineebi gadaerTvebian iseT moqmedebebze, romlebic
xels Seuwyobs maT dasvenebas da gawvrTnilobis garkveul doneze
SenarCunebas, raTa garkveulwilad momzadebulebi Sexvdnen axal
saswavlo cikls. aq yvelaze moRebuli formaa aqtiuri dasveneba, sadac
gamoiyeneben sportis sxva saxeobebs, gansakuTrebiT sportul TamaSebs
(fexburTi, kalaTburTi, frenburTi, CogburTi da sxva).
gardamaval periodSi garkveulwilad mcirdeba datvirTvis
saerTo moculoba da gansakuTrebiT intensivoba.
wvrTnis ciklebis, periodebisa da etapebis sanimuSo vadebi da
xangrZlivoba naCvenebia grafikze:
sportuli momzadebis sanimuSo
grafiki #1
(wlis mTavari Sejibreba zamTris ciklSia)
Semodgoma-zamTris cikli 1 seqtembridan 10 maisamde
mosamzadebeli periodi 1 seqtembridan 15dekembramde
pirveli etapi 1-30 seqtemberi
meore etapi 1-31 oqtomberi
mesame etapi 1 noembridan 15 dekembramde
saSejibrebo periodi 15 dekembridan 20 aprilamde
gardamavali periodi 20 aprilidan 10 maisamde
gazafxul-zafxulis cikli 11 maisidan 31 agvistomde
mosamzadebeli periodi 11 maisidan 15 ivnisamde
saSejibrebo periodi 16 ivnisidan 31 ivlisamde
gardamavali periodi 1-31 agvisto
sportuli momzadebis sanimuSo
grafiki #2
(wlis mTavari Sejibreba zafxulis ciklSia)
Semodgoma-zamTris cikli 1 oqtombridan 20 aprilamde
54
mosamzadebeli periodi 1 oqtombridan 15dekembramde
pirveli etapi 1-31 oqtomberi
meore etapi 1-25 noemberi
mesame etapi 26 noembridan 15 dekembramde
saSejibrebo periodi 16 dekembridan 30 martamde
gardamavali periodi 1-20 aprili
gazafxul-zafxulis cikli 21 aprilidan 31 agvistomde
mosamzadebeli periodi 21 aprilidan 15 ivlisamde
pirveli etapi 21 aprilidan 5 maisamde
meore etapi 6-25 maisi
mesame etapi 26 maisidan 15 ivnisamde
saSejibrebo periodi 16 ivnisidan 31 agvistomde
gardamavali periodi 1-30 seqtemberi
3.4. sawvrTno procesis organizacia. momzadebis gunduri da,
gansakuTrebiT, individualuri gegmebis realizaciisaTvis pirobebis
Seqmna warmoadgens wvrTnis procesis organizaciis ZiriTad amocanas.
organizaciis formis mixedviT sawvrTno mecadineobebi iyofa
individualur, jgufur da gundur mecadineobebad.
wvrTnis individualuri forma SeiZleba warmodgenili iyos ori
variantiT: damoukidebeli mecadineoba mwvrTnelis gareSe da misi
xelmZRvanelobiT. misi ZiriTadi amocanaa individualuri sportuli
ostatobis aRzrda. individualuri mecadineobebi SeiZleba erTdroulad
Cautardes yvelas an moTamaSeTa garkveul jgufs ise, rom TiToeuli
sportsmeni asrulebdes damoukidebel davalebas.
wvrTnis jgufur formas iyeneben mTeli sawvrTno mecadineobis
procesSi an mis calkeul nawilebSi. mecadineobis Catarebis aseTi forma
iZleva imis saSualebas, rom sxvadasxva jgufebSi ganawildes yvela
moTamaSe saTamaSo ampluebis mixedviT da maT damoukidebeli davalebebi
mieceT.
55
gunduri wvrTnis dros moTamaSeebi wyveten, koleqtiuri
moqmedebebidan gamomdinare, saerTo da pirad amocanebs. taqtikuri da
saTamaSo momzadebawarmoadgens am formis ZiriTad mimarTulebas.
ZiriTadi Sinaarsis mixedviT sawvrTno mecadineobebi aris
Tematuri da kompleqsuri.
Tematuri mecadineobebi eZRvneba momzadebis erT romelime saxes:
fizikurs, teqnikurs, taqtikurs an saTamaSos, kompleqsuri ki _
momzadebis or an met saxes (magaliTad, fizikuri da teqnikuri an
fizikuri da saTamaSo). agebis mixedviT arCeven frontalur da wriul
mecadineobebs.
frontaluri wvrTnis dros yvela xelburTeli asrulebs erTsa
da imave varjiSebs. mecadineobis Catarebis am formas mimarTaven kerZo
amocanebis gadasawyvetad erTi sawvrTno mecadineobis farglebSi.
frontaluri wvrTna mimdinareobs sxvadasxva mwyobrSi _ mwkrivSi,
kolonaSi, wreSi da a.S.
wvrTnis wliuri mecadineobis organizaciisaTvis aucilebelia
savarjiSo moedanze specialuri mowyobilobebiTa da inventariT
aRWurvili e.w. “sadgurebis” mowyoba. Yovel “sadgurze” moTamaSeebi
asruleben gansazRvrul programebs fizikur, teqnikur an taqtikur
momzadebaSi. moTamaSeebi sxvadasxva niSniT nawildebian jgufebSi
“sadgurebis” raodenobisa da programebis mixedviT. mecadineobebis aseTi
formiT organizebis dros sawvrTno davalebebi wriulad sruldeba.
mkacrad reglamentirebuli intervaliT xelburTelebi rigrigobiT
gadian yvela “sadgurs”. mecadineobebis Catarebis wriuli sistema iZleva
wvrTnis meTodebisa da saSualebebis varirebis farTo SesaZleblobebs.
sawvrTno mecadineobebis struqtura. sawvrTno mecadineoba
Sedgeba sami nawilisagan: mosamzadebeli, ZiriTadi da daskvniTi.
mosamzadebeli nawili emsaxureba ZiriTadi nawilisaTvis
winapirobebis Seqmnas. misi amocanebia: movarjiSeTa organizacia,
Semdgomi muSaobis Sinaarsis gacnoba da misi SesrulebisaTvis
fsiqologiuri ganwyobis Seqmna. wvrTnis mosamzadebeli nawilis
xangrZlivoba 10-20 wuTia.
ZiriTadi nawili emsaxureba mTavari amocanebis gadawyvetas,
romelic mimarTuli unda iyos fizikuri ganviTarebis donis amaRlebis,
specialuri fizikuri Tvisebebis aRzrdis, sportuli teqnikis, taqtikisa
da saTamaSo momzadebis Seswavlisaken.
56
wvrTnis amocanebi da Sinaarsi damokidebulia moTamaSeTa
kvalifikaciaze da momzadebis etapze. wvrTnis ZiriTadi xangrZlivoba ar
unda iyos 70 wuTze naklebi.
daskvniTi nawili iTvaliswinebs datvirTvis TandaTanobiT
daqveiTebas. misi xangrZlivoba 5-10 wuTia.
mecadineobis xangrZlivoba damokidebulia momecadineTa
Semadgenlobaze (asakze), wvrTnis amocanebze, muSaobis meTodebsa da sxva
faqtorebze. misi saSualo xangrZlivoba 90-120 wuTia.
3.5. pedagogiuri kontroli, aRricxva da informacia
marTvis nebismieri procesi iwyeba marTvis obieqtis mdgomareobis
Sesaxeb informaciis miRebiT. saswavlo-sawvrTno procesis efeqturi
marTvisaTvis aucilebelia xelburTelis funqciuri mdgomareobis,
sawvrTno da saSejibro datvirTvis gadatanis, fizikuri Tvisebebis
ganviTarebisa da sportuli ostatobis donis Sesaxeb obieqturi
informaciis miReba. am monacemebis miReba SesaZlebelia sworad
dayenebuli kontrolisa da aRricxvis meSveobiT.
informaciis saxeebi. xelburTelTa momzadebis procesSi aucilebelia operatiuli, mimdinare, saetapo da saboloo (Semajamebeli)
informacia.
operatiulobaSi igulisxmeba informacia, romelic miRebuli
iqneba uSualod saswavlo-sawvrTno mecadineobebis an SejibrebaSi
monawileobis mimdinareobis procesSi.
mimdinare informacia ukve Catarebuli saswavlo-sawvrTno
mecadineobis an konkretuli TamaSis Sesaxeb informaciaa. mas
gamoiyeneben momdevno mecadineobis an TamaSis Casatareblad, roca,
bunebrivia, aRiniSneba wina SexvedraSi daSvebuli xarvezebi.
saetapo informacia naTel warmodgenas iZleva saswavlo-sawvrTno
procesis ama Tu im monakveTSi (TveSi, etapze) Catarebuli muSaobis
Sesaxeb. igi aucilebelia xelburTelTa momzadebis Semdgomi etapebis
samuSao gegmebis SemuSavebisaTvis.
saboloo (Semajamebeli) informacia xelburTelTa momzadebis
zamTris an zafxulis ciklis, wliuri an perspeqtiuli gegmis amocanebis
Sesrulebis Sesaxeb informaciaa. iseve, rogorc saetapo informacia,
saboloo informacia aucilebelia xelburTelTa momzadebis Semdgomi
gegmebis SemuSavebisaTvis.
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kontroli da aRricxva. informaciis miRebis ZiriTadi saSualebaa
kontroli da aRricxva. informaciis damatebiTi wyaroebia saeqimo
kontrolisa da xelburTelis TviTkontrolis monacemebi.
sworad da sistematurad Catarebuli pedagogiuri kontroli da
aRricxva mwvrTnelis muSaobis warmatebis aucilebeli pirobaa.
pedagogiuri kontrolisa da aRricxvis monacemebi mwvrTnelebs
saSualebas aZlevs Tvalyuri adevnon dasaxuli gegmis Sesrulebas,
gansazRvron momzadebis procesSi gamoyenebuli saSualebebisa da
meTodebis efeqturoba, gamonaxon saswavlo-sawvrTno procesisa da
aRmzrdelobiTi muSaobis gaumjobesebisa da srulyofis axali gzebi.
kontrolis ZiriTadi amocana imdenad is ki ar aris, rom mxolod
daafiqsiros saqmis faqtiuri mdgomareoba an gansazRvros esa Tu is
naklovani mxare, ramdenadac miRebuli informaciis swrafad gaanalizeba
da mis safuZvelze drouli koreqtivebis Setana, rac ganapirobebs
momzadebis maRalefeqturobas.
pedagogiur kontrols axorcieleben saswavlo-sawvrTno
mecadineobebisa da Sejibrebebis procesSi. kontrolis es ori mxare
urTierTdakavSirebulia da avsebs erTmaneTs.
saswavlo-sawvrTno mecadineobebis procesSi kontrols
axorcieleben Semdeg ZiriTad ganayofebze: a) saswavlo-sawvrTno
mecadineobebisadmi movarjiSeTa damokidebulebaze; b) wvrTnis
saSualebebis gamoyenebasa da mis efeqturobaze; g) gawvrTnilobis
mdgomareobaze.
saswavlo-sawvrTno mecadineobebisadmi movarjiSeTa
damokidebulebaze kontrols axorcieleben aRricxvis saSualebiT da
maTi qcevis SefasebiT. sportul wvrTnaSi Sefasebis kriteriumad
miRebulia mecadineobebze daswreba da aqtiurobis gamovlena,
varjiSebisadmi seriozuli damokidebuleba da mwvrTnelis yovelgvari
davalebebis aucilebeli Sesruleba, Sromismoyvareoba, siZneleebis
gadalaxva, yuradReba da disciplina. yovel mecadineobaze daswrebisa da
xelburTelTa aqtivobis Sedegebi mwvrTnelma unda Caweros Jurnalsa da
dRiurSi.
wvrTnis saSualebebis gamoyenebaze kontroli xorcieldeba
Jurnalis meSveobiT, romelSic mwvrTneli wers sawvrTno mecadineobebis
Sinaarss. am SemTxvevaSi Sefasebis kriteriumad miRebulia sawvrTno
mecadineobebis Sinaarsis xarisxobrivi Sefardeba gegmur davalebasTan.
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sawvrTno varjiSebs akontroleben sami mimarTulebiT:
moculobis, intensivobisa da movarjiSeTa mier datvirTvis gadatanis
Sedegebis mixedviT.
sawvrTno datvirTvis moculobaze kontroli xorcieldeba
calkeul varjiSebze daxarjuli drois mixedviT da yoveli
mecadineobis xangrZlivobis Sedegad. am muSaobas Seafaseben sawvrTno
mecadineobebis raodenobisa da maTze daxarjuli drois SefardebiT
gegmur davalebasTan.
sawvrTno datvirTvis intensivobas akontroleben Semdegnairad:
pirobiTad gansazRvraven calkeuli varjiSebisa da sawvrTno
mecadineobebis intensivobas (maqsimaluri, maRali, saSualo, mcire).
Sefasebis kriteriumad iReben gaZlierebuli intensivobis varjiSebisa da
varjiSTa saerTo raodenobis Sefardebas, agreTve mTliani mecadineobis
intensivobis xarisxobriv Sefardebas gegmiT gaTvaliswinebul
davalebebTan. movarjiSeTa mier datvirTvis gadatanas akontroleben
garegani monacemebiT _ saxis kanis gawiTlebiT an gafiTrebiT, pulsiT,
sunTqviT an qoSiniT, uzomo oflideniT, daRlilobaze CiviliT,
moZraobis koordinaciis darRveviT, agreTve gulis SekumSvis sixSiriT.
Sefasebis kriteriumad gamoyenebulia datvirTvis gadatanis xarisxianoba
(“friadi”, “kargi”, “damakmayofilebeli”, “cudi”), romelic gulis
SekumSvis sixSiris aRdgenis maCveneblebiT ganisazRvreba.
wvrTnis provesSi gamoyenebul saSualebaTa efeqturobas gansazRvraven momzadebis saxeebis mixedviT (fizikuri, teqnikuri, taqtikuri da fsiqologiuri).
fizikuri da teqnikuri momzadebulobis dones amowmeben
sakontrolo varjiSebis gamoyenebiT, agreTve moZraobis Sesrulebis
xarisxze sistematuri vizualuri dakvirvebiT; Sefasebis kriteriumi
erTia: sakontrolo varjiSebSi im Sedegebis Cveneba, romlebic
gaTvaliswinebulia TiToeuli xelburTelis individualur gegmaSi.
taqtikur momzadebaze kontroli xorcieldeba perioduli
SefasebiT, romelsac moTamaSe imsaxurebs varjiSisa da TamaSis drois
individualuri, jgufuri da gunduri davalebebis Sesrulebisas.
Sefasebis kriteriumia saTamaSo moqmedebis Sesrulebis efeqtianobis
maCvenebeli rogorc dacvaSi, ise TavdasxmaSi gundis SemadgenlobaSi
saTamaSo funqciebis gaTvaliswinebiT. moTamaSeTa fsiqologiuri
momzadebulobis dones amowmeben sawvrTno mecadineobebis dros iseTi
Tvisebebis perioduli SefasebiT, rogoricaa: simtkice, Seupovroba da
mizandasaxuloba dacvasa da TavdasxmaSi; maRali sawvrTno varjiSebis
zegavleniTYgamowveuli daRlilobis atana da daZleva; koleqtivSi
59
amxanaguri grZnoba. Sefasebis kriteriumad miRebulia am Tvisebebis
gamovlenis xarisxi, romelic aisaxeba qulebiT.
Teoriuli momzadebulobis dones amowmeben Temebis irgvliv
gasaubrebiTa da CaTvlebiT. Sefasebis kriteriumad iReben movarjiSeTa
codnis xarisxs.
xelburTelTa gawvrTnilobis xarisxze kontrols axorcieleben
sakontrolo varjiSebis Sesrulebis procesSi da TviTkontrolis
maCveneblebis fiqsirebiT (wona, Zili, mada, guneba). Sefasebis
kriteriumad iReben movarjiSeTa mier am varjiSebSi miRweuli Sedegebis
Sedarebas, agreTve calkeuli sportsmenis TviTkontrolis da saeqimo
kontrolis ZiriTadi maCveneblebisa da monacemebis Sedarebas.
uSualod Sejibrebis procesSi pedagogiuri kontroli
xorcieldeba Semdeg ganayofebze: a) kontroli Sejibrebisadmi
movarjiSeTa damokidebulebaze; b) kontroli moTamaSeebissa da gundis
mier TamaSis taqtikuri gegmis Sesrulebasa da maTi moqmedebis
efeqtianobaze; g) kontroli calkeuli moTamaSisa da mTlianad gundis
teqnikur maCveneblebze; d) kontroli moTamaSeebis mier saSejibro
datvirTvis gadatanaze.
Sejibrebisadmi movarjiSeTa damokidebulebas afaseben Sejibrebis
dawyebamde, uSualod TamaSis msvlelobis procesSi da misi damTavrebis
Semdeg. Sefasebis kriteriumebad miRebulia moTamSeTa qceva, disciplina,
iniciativa da aqtiuroba dacvisa da Tavdasxmis yovel moqmedebaSi,
TavdaWeriloba yvelaze ufro daZabul saTamaSo situaciaSi,
gamarjvebisaTvis swrafva.
moTamaSeebisa da gundis mier TamaSis taqtikuri gegmis
Sesrulebasa da maTi moqmedebis efeqturobaze kontroli gamoixateba im
SefasebiT, romelic ewerebaT maT TamaSis individualuri, jgufuri da
gunduri davalebebis SesrulebisaTvis, Tavdasxmasa da dacvaSi efeqturi
moqmedebisaTvis.
Sefasebis kriteriumad miRebulia calkeuli moTamaSisa da
mTlianad gundis mier taqtikuri gegmis Sesrulebis xarisxis Sefardeba
Tavdasxmasa da dacvaSi maTi moqmedebis efeqturobis xarisxTan.
TiToeuli moTamaSisa da saerTod gundis teqnikas afaseben
ZiriTadi teqnikuri maCveneblebiT: burTis gadacemisa da miRebis
sizustiT, karSi tyorcniT, dacvaSi TamaSiT. Sefasebis kriteriumad
iReben individualuri da gunduri moqmedebis Sedegad miRebuli
Sedegebis Sedarebas gegmur davalebasTan.
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saSejibro datvirTvis gadatanas sazRvraven garegani niSnebis
mixedviT, daRlilobaze CiviliT da TamaSidan gamosvlis moTxovniT,
saTamaSo moqmedebis efeqturobis daqveiTebiT (gansakuTrebiT karSi
tyorcnisa da dacviTi moqmedebiT) da moTamaSis qcevis gauaresebiT
(TavSekavebis unaris dakargva, gaRezianebuloba da sxva).
calkeuli moTamaSis da mTliani gundis TamaSis saerTo Sefaseba
gamoyavT miRebuli Sefasebebis jamidan, romelsac mwvrTneli Cawers
JurnalSi an dRiurSi.
pedagogiuri kontroli mxolod sawvrTno mecadineobebiT da
SejibrebebiT ar unda Semoifaglos. man SeZlebisdagvarad mTlianad
unda moicvas sportsmenis mravalmxrivi saqmianoba.mwvrTneli
valdebulia Seiswavlos Tavisi aRsazrdeli yovelmxriv – swavlaSi,
Sromasa da yofacxovrebaSi.
pedagogiuri kontrolebis meTodebi. pedagogiuri kontrolis
gansaxorcieleblad gamoyenebulia Semdegi meTodebi: pedagogiuri
dakvirveba; sawvrTno procesisa da Sejibrebebis Sedegebis obieqturi da
subieqturi Sefaseba; pedagogiuri da saeqimo kontrolis, aRricxvisa da
TviTkontrolis monacemebis analizi da sinTezi; saubrebi, gamokiTxva,
gasinjva, CaTvlebi.
pedagogiuri dakvirvebis meTods iyeneben mecadineobebisa da
Sejibrebebis procesSi. mwvrTneli ukvirdeba TiToeul moswavles da
afasebs mis aqtivobas, disciplinas, varjiSebisa da davlebebis
Sesrulebis xarisxs, Semdeg ki adgens, vis rogor gadaaqvs sawvrTno da
saSejibro datvirTva.
obieqturi Sefasebis meTodi mwvrTnels saSualebas aZlevs
maregistrirebeli xelsawyoebis gamoyenebiT gansazRvros xelburTelis
momzadebis xarisxobrivi Zvrebi. farTod iyeneben kino da
videomagnitofonur Canawerebs, momzadebis mxareebis mixedviT
sakontrolo normativebis da Sejibrebebis procesSi sakontrolo
davalebebis sistemas.
eqspertuli (subieqturi) Sefasebis meTodi mwvrTnels exmareba
iseTi maCveneblebis SefasebaSi, romlebic obieqtur Sefasebas ar
eqvemdebareba. magaliTad, taqtikuri momzadebis xarisxs mxolod am
meTodis saSualebiT gansazRvraven. Cveulebriv, SefasebisTvis iyenben
xuTbalian sistemas (5- “friadi”, 4-“kargi”,3- “damakmayofilebeli”, 2-
“cudi”). davuSvaT, Sesafasebelia xelburTelis gamosvla kalendarul an
sakontrolo Sexvedraze. vTqvaT, SefasebisaTvis gamoyves Semdegi
komponentebi: damokidebuleba TamaSisadmi, TavdasxmaSi aqtivoba da
efeqtianoba, dacvaSi aqtivoba da efeqtianoba, TavdaWeriloba da 61
gamarjvebisken swrafva. yovel CamoTvlil komponentze xelburTelma
daimsaxura Semdegi Sefaseba : “4”, ”3”, ”5”, “4”. am ricxvebs Sekreben da
iReben jams – 16, romelsac yofen komponenetTa raodenobaze (4), e.i.
16:4=4. moyvanil magaliTSi moTamaSe imsaxurebs Sefasebas “4”, e.i. “kargs”.
pedagogiuri da saeqimo kontrolis, aRricxvisa da
TviTkontrolis monacemebis analizi da sinTezi pedagogiuri
kontrolis ZiriTadi meTodia, romelic gansazRvravs mwvrTnelis mTeli
muSaobis mizandasaxulobas da efeqturobas.
aRricxva. aRricxvas yoveli praqtikuli saqmianobisa da fizikuri
aRzrdis procesisaTvisac gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs.
sworad organizebuli aRricxvis saSualebiT xerxdeba calkeuli
moTamaSisa da mTeli gundis momzadebis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb zisti da,
rac mTavaria, drouli informaciis miReba. aRricxvas eqvemdebareba
xelburTelTa momzadebis mravalwliani procesi, dawyebuli sawvrTno
mecadineobebidan da damTavrebuli SejibrebebSi monawileobiT, agreTve
pedagogiuri da samedicino kontrolis monacemebi.
arsebobs mimdinare, etapuri da Semajamebeli aRricxva. sportul
wvrTnaSi mimdinare aRricxvas miiCneven ZiriTadad. igi xorcieldeba
ganuwyvetliv TviT muSaobis procesSi, mecadineobidan mecadineobamde.
misi amocanaa xelburTelTa mdgomarobis yoveldRiuri cvlilebebis
gansazRvra. mimdinare aRricxvis Sedegebi xels uwyobs samuSao gegmis
Sinaarsis dazustebas ama Tu im etapze, uzrunvelyofs dagegmil
saswavlo-aRmzrdelobiTi muSaobis ganxorvielebas da mecadineobebze
xelburTelTa saqmianobis ufro zust marTvas. mimdinare aRricxva
moicavs mecdineobebze daswrebis aRricxvas, gavlili saswavlo masalis
registracias, wvrTnaSi gamoyenebuli saSualebebisa da meTodebis
misawvdomobis, mizanSewonilobisa da efeqturobis gansazRvras,
xelburTelTa codnis, unarCvevebisa da praqtikuli miRwevebis garkveveas
da Sefasebas, maTi janmrTelobis mdgomareobis, Sromisunarianobis
aRricxvas.
etapur (anu periodul)aRricxvas axorcieleben etapisTvis) an
periodis manZilze Catarebuli sawvrTno da aRmzrdelobiTi muSaobis
Sedegebis Sesajameblad. igi mimdinareobs samuSao gegmis Sesabamisad da
emateba pedagogiuri kontrolis ZiriTadi monacemebi.
Semajamebeli aRricxva wliur da naxevarwliuri (zamTris an
zafxulis) ciklis sawvrTno, saSejibro da aRmzrdelobiTi muSaobis
Sejamebaa, romlis procesSi gansazRvraven saboloo monacemebs.
Semajamebeli aRricxva mwvrTnels SesaZleblobas aZlevs Seafasos
saswavlo-aRmzrdelobiTi muSaobis xarisxi. Semajamebeli aRricxvis
62
Sedegebi gamoiyeneba adrindeli dagegmvis sisworis sazomad da Semdegi
muSaobis dagegmvis gasaumjobeseblad.
aRricxvis ZiriTadi dokumentebia: Jurnali, mwvrTnelisa da sportsmenis dRiurebi.
Jurnali aRricxvis ZiriTadi dokumentia. mas aqvs saerTo
dadgenili forma da Sedgeba Semdegi nawilebisagan: 1. sawvrTno jgufis
(gundis) Semadgenlobis sia da saerTo cnobebi movarjiSeTa Sesaxeb
(dabadebis weli, simaRle, erovneba, ganaTleba, samuSao an swavlis
adgili, misamarTi); 2. mecadineobebze daswrebis aRricxva; 3. saprogramo
masalis gavlis aRricxva; 4. moswrebis aRricxva (sakontrolo
normativebis Sedegebi); 5. Sejibrebebze miRweuli Sedegebis aRricxva.
mwvrTnelis dRiuri dokumentia, romelSic aisaxeba dagegmvis,
aRmzrdelobiTi da sawvrTno muSaobis aRricxvis yvela saxe.
mwvrTnelis dRiuris ZiriTadi nawilebia: 1. movarjiSeTa sia da
monacemebi; 2. daswrebis aRricxva; 3. momzadebis wliuri gegmebi; 4.
momzadebis perspeqtiuli gegmebi ; 5. momzadebis saSualo gegmebi; 6.
ganvlili masalis aRricxva; 7. sakontrolo normativebis Cabarebis
aRricxva; 8. Sejibrebaze miRweuli Sedegebis aRricxva; 9. samuSao
gegmebis Sesrulebis aRricxva; 10. wliuri gegmebis Sesrulebis aRricxva;
11. perspeqtiuli gegmebis Sesrulebis aRricxva;
sportsmenis dRiuri xels uwyobs xelburTels meti
pasuxismgeblobiT moekidos wvrTnis process, Sejibrebebs, mwvrTnelisa
da eqimis rCevebs. sistemeturi Canawerebi sportsmens exmareba Tavisi
Sedegebis gaanalizebaSi. sportsmenis dRiuris moqmedebis vadaebi unda
emTxveodes perspeqtiuli gegmis vadebs. igi Semdegi nawilebisagan
Sedgeba: 1. piradi monacemebi; 2. fizikuri, teqnikuri, taqtikuri,
fsiqologiuri da Teoriuli momzadebis daxasiaTeba; 3. momzadebis
perspeqtiuli, wliuri da saSualo gegmebi; 4. sakontrolo normativebi
da maTi Sesrulebis Sedegebi; 5. SejibrebaSi monawileobis Sedegebi; 6.
yoveli sawvrTno mecadineobisa da Sejibrebis Semdeg TviTkontrolis
maCveneblis Cawera (pulsi, wona, guneba-ganwyobileba); 7. momzadebis
saSualo, wliuri da perspeqtiuli gegmebis Sesrulebis aRricxva; 8.
samedicino Semowmebis monacemebi.
3.6. mozardi xelburTelebis SerCevis organizacia da meTodebi
mozardTa sportuli jgufebis dakompleqteba erT-erTi rTuli da
sapasuxismgeblo procesia. stiqiurobisa da zedmeti improvizaciis
Tavidan acilebis mizniT aucilebelia bavSvTa SerCevis swori 63
organizacia da Catareba. sportis specialistTa umravlesobis azriT
swori SerCeva warmoadgens momavali warmatebebis safuZvels.
SerCevis problemasaWiroebs mravali sakiTxis gadawyvetas,
romelTagan yvelaze did mniSvnelobas aniWeben: 1. samodelo
maxasiaTeblebis gansazRvras; 2. prognozirebas; 3. SerCevis efeqturobis
amaRlebas da 4. SerCevis organizaciis gaumjobesebas.
bavSvTa da mozardTa sportul skolebSi miiRebian garkveuli
unaris mqone bavSvebi, romlebsac muyaiTi SromiT da sworad
organizebuli saswavlo-sawvrTno procesis meSveobiT SeuZliaT miaRwion
maRal sportul Sedegebs. bavSvebTan momuSave mwvrTnelebis gamocdileba
gviCvenebs, rom SerCevis organizaciis da maTi sportuli Sedegebis
Semdegi prognozirebis safuZvlad SeiZleba Cadebul iqnas testirebis
meTodi da momecadineTa janmrTelobis mdgomareobis monacemebi. aseve
metad mniSvnelovania bavSvTa fsiqikuri SesaZleblobebis Sefaseba,
romelic gansazRvravs maTi fsiqikuri Tvisebebis ganviTarebis dones.
yovelive zemoTqmulidan naTlad Cans, rom SerCevis procesSi
kompleqsuri maCveneblebis arseboba iZleva imis garantias, rom
dazustdes mocemuli specializaciisaTvis bavSvis vargisianobis xarisxi.
pedagogiuri meTodebis gamoyeneba mimarTuli bavSvis
mamoZravebeli SesaZleblobebis, fizikuri Tvisebebis – Zalis, siswrafis,
gamZleobis, agreTve mozardi sportsmenis koordinaciuli
SesaZleblobebisa da Sromisunarianobis Seswavlisken.
samedicino-biologiuri meTodebis gamoyeneba mimarTulia
organizmis sistemeTa morfofunqcionaluri Taviseburebebis
gansazRvrisaken da bavSvis organizmze fizikuri varjiSebis gavlenis
dinamikis Seswavlisaken.
fsiqologiuri meTodebi mimarTulia tipologiuri
Taviseburebebis da iseTi Tvisebebis dasadgenad, rogoricaa; mexsiereba,
yuradReba, nebisyofa da gambedaoba.
SerCeva, romelic dakavSirebulia mozardi xelburTelebis niWis,
unaris da fizikuri SesaZleblobebis yovelmxrivi daRrma Seswavlisken,
efeqturi gaxdeba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Catardeba bavSvis
mamoZravebeli SesaZleblobebis ganviTarebis mimdinarobaze sistematuri
dakvirveba, romelsac Semdgomi prognozirebisTvis didi praqtikuli
mniSvneloba eniWeba. aqedan gamomdinare, SerCevis procesis sworad
warmarTvisTvis mizanSewonilad migvaCnia ori etapis gamoyofa,
romelTagan TiToeuls garkveuli amocanebis gadawyveta akisria.
64
pirveli etapis amocanaa xelburTis TamaSisadmi midrekilebis
mqone bavSvebis pirveladi SerCeva da maTTan dawyebiTi mecadineobebis
Catareis organizacia. am etapze iyeneben martiv varjiSebs, romlebic
garkveul warmodgenas qmnis bavSvTa mamoZravebeli SesaZleblobebis
Sesaxeb.
bavSvTa da mozardTa sportul skolaSi xelburTis specialobiT
Rebuloben 9-12 wlis bavSvebs.
bavSvTa SerCeva da saswavlo jgufebis organizacia xdeba
ZiriTadad zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebis sportul bazebze.
sportuli seqciebisaTvis, xelburTis specialobiT, bavSvebis SerCeva
organizaciisa da Catarebis mizniT cxaddeba Tavisufali konkursi
mocemuli asakobrivi jgufisTvis, romlis Catarebis Sesaxeb winaswar
ecnobeba Sesabamisi skolis moswavleebs.
konkursis Catarebisas bavSvTa da mozardTa sportuli skolebis
mwvrTnelebi, zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebis fizikuri aRzrdis
maswavleblebTan erTad, eswrebian da atareben gakveTilebs im mizniT,
rom Seamowmon rac SeiZleba meti bavSvi da vizualuri dakvirvebis
Semdeg SearCion iseTebi, romlebic daiSvebian sakonkurso gamocdebze.
kargi iqneba, Tu konkursis Catarebis win moewyoba saCvenebeli
Sexvedrebi maRali rangis xelburTelebis monawileobiT. bavSvebis
sakonskurso gamocdebze daSvebis mizanSewonilobis pirveladi
maCveneblebia: janmrTelobis mdgmareobis paTologiuri gadaxrebis
uqonloba, antropometruli monacemebi, moZraobis swori koordinacia.
aucilebelia agreTve moswavlis janmrTelobis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb
skolis eqimis cnoba.
bavSvebis SerCevis pirvel etapze aucilebelia gamoyenebul iqnas
Cvens mier rekomendirebuli sakontrolo varjiSebisa da moZravi
TamaSebis kompleqsebi (testebi), romlebic naTel warmodgenas Segviqmnis
bavSvebis fizikuri Tvisebebis da specialuri Cvevebis mdgomareobaze.
bavSvis yvela monacemi (saxeli da gvari, dabadebis Tve da weli,
saerTo da specialur fizikur momzadebaSi sakonkurso gamocdebis
Sedegebi, samedicino-biologiuri maCveneblebi da sxva) Setanil unda
iqnasmis anketaSi da mwvrTnelis specialur JurnalSi. es monacemebi
iqneba Semdgomi dakvirvebebisa da saswavlo-sawvrTno procesis
zegavleniT miRebuli monacemebis dinamikis cvalebadobis ganmsazRvreli.
SerCevis pirvel etapze miRebuli monacemebi ver mogvcemen imis
garantias, rom bavSvi sportuli ostatobis umaRles dones miaRwevs,
magram unda gvaxsovdes, rom swored sakontrolo gamocdebze naCvenebi
65
saukeTeso Sedegebis wyalobiT xdeba bavSvebis mozidva da xelburTis
regularul mecadineobebSi Cabma.
amrigad, pirvel anu SerCevis dawyebiT etapze xdeba bavSvis
xelburTSi mecadineobisaTvis vargisianobis dadgena, garkveva imisa, Tu
ramdenad pasuxobs misi potenciuri SesaZleblobebi arCeul specialobas.
meore etapis xangrZlivoba Cveulebriv 1.5-2 weliwads grZeldeba.
mis ZiriTad amocanas warmoadgens ama Tu im bavSvis vargisianobis
gansazRvra sxavdasxva maCveneblebis gaumjobesebis dinamikis Rrma
analizis safuZvelze. am amocanis gadasawyvetad mwvrTneli yovel 3-4
TveSi erTxel atarebs sakontrolo gamocdebs igive testebSi,
romlebsac abarebdnen bavSvebi seqciaSi Casaricxad. meore damTavrebis
Semdeg analizis gakeTebisas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces
bavSvebis swraf-Zalismier da gamZleobis ganviTarebis maRal tempebs,
mamoZravebeli amocanebis Sesrulebis siswrafes da sizustes, ormxrivi
savarjiSo TamaSebis dros eqstremalur situaciebSi gadawyvetilebebis
miRebis unars da sxva.
amave etapze sagrZnoblad izrdeba mozard xelburTelebze
fsiqologiuri dakvirvebis roli. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda
mieqces bavSvebis damoukideblobas, maTi mobilizaciis unars, wagebul
Sexvedraze reaqcias, maT Sromismoyvareobas da mecadineobebisadmi
interess, aqtiurobas.
mozardi xelburTelebis swavlebis procesSi zemoT CamoTvlili
maCveneblebis da saTamaSo moqmedebebze dakvirvebisadmi
diferencirebuli midgoma iZleva calkeuli xelburTelis
perspeqtiulobis realur suraTs.
sportul skolaSi erTi wlis mecadineobis Semdeg jgufebi ise unda
dakompleqtdes, rom erTSi gaerTiandnen bavSvebi, romlebmac
sakontrolo gamocdebSi ufro maRali Sedegebi uCvenes, xolo meoreSi –
SedarebiT dabali. jgufebis dakompleqtebis aseTi meTodi saSualebas
mogvcems ufro efeqturad da mizandasaxulad avagoT saswavlo-sawvrTno
procesi da gavaumjobesoT SerCevis xarisxi
cnobilia, rom bavSvTa da mozardTa sportuli skolebi gamajansaRebeli
xasiaTis amocanebis paralelurad mowodebulia moamzados maRali
klasis sportsmenebi. aqedan gamomdinare bavSvs, romelsac aqvs survili
gaagrZelos mecadineoba xelburTSi, margam ar gaaCnia saamiso monacemebi,
mwvrTnelma unda auxsnas, rom am sportis saxeobaSi mecadineoba misTvis
mizanSewonili ar aris, amitom aZleven rekomendacias ivarjiSos sportis
sxva saxeobaSi.
66
SerCevis procesSi farTod gamoiyeneba bavSvebis fizikuri
Tvisebebis da antropometruli maCveneblebis Sefasebis garkveuli
kriteriumebi.
dReisaTvis dadgenilia, rom msoflios Cempionatebsa da olimpiur
TamaSebSi monawile nakrebi gundebis xelburTelebis saSualo simaRle
kacebisTvis aris 188, xolo qalebisTvis – 172 santimetri. aqedan
gamomdinare, SerCevis dros meti yuradReba unda mieqces tanmaRal
bavSvs, romlis sakontrolo normativebis maCveneblebi arafriT
Camouvardebaufro dabali tanis bavSvis maCveneblebs. aq didi
sifrTxilea saWiro, radgan sportis praqtikaSi xSiria SemTxvevebi,
rodesac dabali bavSvebi ewevian an uswreben kidec simaRleSi TavianT
Tanatolebs. amitom mwvrTnelebma aseT SemTxvevaSi unda moiSvelion
bavSvebis sxva obieqturi maCveneblebic (mSoblebis simaRle da sxva).
Tu tanad SedarebiT dabal bavSvs ufro kargi Sedegebi aqvs
sakontrolo normativebSi, vidre maRals, aseTi bavSvi pirvel rigSi
unda iqnes Caricxuli saswavlo jgufSi.
antropometruli maCveneblebis Sefasebisas mwvrTnelma unda
gaiTvaliswinos me-5 cxrilSi motanili maCveneblebi.
cxrili 5
asaki simaRle (sm)
gogonebi biWebi
9 145-150 142-148
10 150-155 148-152
11 155-160 152-158
12 160-165 158-165
3.7. bavSvebi fizikuri Tvisebebis Sefaseba
bavSvebi fizikuri Tvisebebis Sesafaseblad rekomendirebulia
sakontrolo varjiSebis kompleqsebi(testebi), romlebic naTel
warmodgenas iZleva sportsmenebis swraf-Zalismieri SesaZleblobebisa
da specifikuri koordinaciis ganviTarebis doneze. xelburTSi
SerCevisaTvis gamoiyeneben Semdeg testebs:
a) rbena 30 metrze maRali startidan;
b) burTis tareba 30 metrze (droze);
67
g) CogburTis burTis tyorcna siSoreze;
d) adgilidan sigrZeze xtoma;
e) adgilidan sammagi xtoma(vaJebisaTvis;
v) eqvsi dgaris Semorbena (manZili 30 metri);
z) rTuli kompleqsuri varjiSebis Sesruleba moZrav TamaSebSi.
aRniSnuli sakontrolo normativebis miReba warmoebs 2 dRis
ganmavlobaSi. pirvel dRes bardeba: rena 30 metrze maRali startidan,
CogburTis burTis tyorcna siSoreze, adgilidan sigrZeze xtoma da
romelime kompleqsuri varjiSi. meore dRes tardeba burTis tareba
30metrze, sammagi xtoma adgilidan, 6 dgaris Semorbena(30 metris
manZilze) da rTuli kompleqsuri varjiSebi.
sakontrolo normativebis Cabareba unda Catards mkacrad
reglamentirebul vadaSi. erTi normatividan meoris Cabarebamde bavSvs
unda mieces dro aranakleb 20 wuTisa.
sakontrolo normativebis Cabarebis meTodika
1. rbena 30 metrze maRali startidan. xelburTis moednis piriTi
xazidan izomeba manZili 30 metris siSoreze, sadac iWimeba
safirniSo bafTa. startis micemis Semdeg irTveba wamzomi, romelic
iTiSeba bafTis SexebisTanave. mizanSewonilia garbenebSi
monawileobdes 2-2 bavSvi.
2. burTebis tareba 30 metrze. am varjiSis Sesasruleblad gamoiyeneba
igive manZili, oRond safiniSo bafTis nacvlad iatakze gaivleba
farTo xazi (5 sm sisqis). maswavleblis niSanze bavSvi iwyebs
burTis tarebas cali xeliT (vis romliTac surs) da CairTveba
wamzomi. safiniSo xazis gadakveTis Semdeg wammzomi gamoirTveba.
3. Cogburis burTis tyorcna siSoreze. xelburTis moedanze
moiniSneba tyorcnis xazi, romlidanac xuTmetriani koridoriT
gadaizomeba manZili 15 metridan 35 metarmde. am manZilebs Soris
aRiniSneba danayofebi yoveli 25 santimetris odenobiT. bavSvebi
asruleben CogburTis burTis tyorcnas moxrili xeliT Tavs
zemodan gamorbeniT nebismieri nabijebiT. am nabijis
SesrulebisaTvis eZlevaT sami cda, romelTaganac saukeTeso iqneba
CasaTvleli.
4. adgilidan sigrZeze xtoma. iatakze gaixazeba areknis adgili.
erTidan or metramde aRiniSneba 5-5 santimetriani danayofebi.
bavSvi areknis xazTan dgeba ise, rom fexis cerebi xazs ar exeba.
xtomis sigrZe izomeba saerTod miRebuli wesebis dacviT.
sruldeba sami cda, romelTagan saukeTeso Sedis CaTvlaSi.
68
5. adgilidan sammagi xtoma(mxolod biWebisTvis). iseve, rogorc wina
varjiSSi, aqac ixazeba areknis adgili da 4-dan 6 metris manZilze
aRiniSneba 10-10-santimetriani danayofebi. areknis xazTan dgebian
ise, rom xazs ar exebian. pirveli naxtomi sruldeba orive fexze
arekniT da cal fexze daxtomiT (rogorc bavSvs exerxeba –
marjvenaze an marcxenaze). Semdeg xtebian am sayrden fexze da
asruleben meore naxtoms, daxtoms asruleben meore an gamqnev
fexze, ris Semdeg asruleben morig arekns da daxtoms amTavreben
orive fexze. xtomis sigrZe izomeba saerTod miRebuli wesebis
dacviT. sruldeba sami cda, romelTagan saukeTeso Sedis CaTvlaSi.
6. eqvsi dgaris Semorbena (30 m). piriTi xazidan yovel 5 metrSi
idgmeba dgarebi ( 5-10-15-20-25 da 30 metri). bavSvebi cali xeliT
burTis tarebiT Semouvlian dgarebs jer erTi, xolo Semdeg meore
mxridan. mwvrTnelis niSnis Semdeg bavSvebi iwyeben burTis tarebas
marjvena xeliT mas Semdeg, rodesac Semouvlian pirvel dgars,
agrZeleben burTis tarebas marcxena xeliT, Semdeg isev marjvenaTi
da ase bolomde. bolo dgaris Semovlis Semdeg iReben burTs da
asruleben karSi burTis tyorcnas nebismieri xerxiT (xtomSi da
xtomis gareSe). dro gamoirTveba maSin, rodesac bavSvis mier
natyorcni burTi gadakveTs karis xazs. es varjiSi sruldeba
orjer, romelTagan saukeTeso Sedis CaTvlaSi. me-6 cxrilSi
mocemulia aRniSnuli varjiSebis sakontrolo normativebi
minimaluri SedegebiT.
cxrili 6
asaki rbena 30 m
maRali
startidan
(wm)
adgilidan
sigrZeze
xtoma (sm)
adgilidan
sammagi
xtoma (sm)
burTis
tareba
30
metrze
(wm)
dgarebis
Semorbeni
(wm)
burTis
tyorcna
siSoreze
(m)
biWebi
9 6.0 150 400 6.3 7.5 26
10 5.5 165 450 5.8 7.0 30
11 5.2 175 470 5.4 6.6 33
12 4.8 185 490 5.0 6.1 35
69
gogonebi
9 6.2 130 - 6.7 8.6 18
10 5.5 140 - 6.1 8.0 20
11 5.3 155 - 5.9 7.3 23
12 5.0 170 - 5.7 6.9 25
saTamaSo moqmedebebis Sefaseba
bavSvebis mier sakontrolo normativebis Cabarebisas naCvenebi
damakmayofilebeli Sedegebi jer kidev ar iZleva imis srul garantias,
rom isini mzad arian xelburTis TamaSisTvis. es mTel rig problemevTan
aris dakavSirebuli. pirveli sakontrolo normativebis Cabareba xdeba
individualurad da moTamaSeebis erTmaneTisagan izolirebulad, meore –
nebismieri normativis Casabareblad maT eZlevaT garkveuli dro da
mesame- normativebis Cabarebisas gamoricxulia raime orTabrZola. aqedan
gamomdinare mivdivarT im logikur daskvnamde, rom bavSvis mier arCeuli
sportis specializaviisadmi misi vargisianobis obieqtur suraTs
miviRebT mxolod saTamaSo moqmedebebis da SesaZleblobebis Sefasebis
kompleqsuri analizis Semdeg.
rodesac bavSvebi moZrav TamaSSi «brZola burTisTvis» iyeneben
xelburTis elementebs da asruleben or kompleqsur varjiSs(am
asakisaTvis SedarebiT rTuls), mwvrTneli akvirdeba calkeul moTamaSes
da afasebs maT ZiriTad maCveneblebs: moZraobis aqtivobas, moZraobiTi
amocanebis racionalur gadawyvetas, moZraobiTi moqmedebebis siswrafes
da sizustes, TamaSisaTvis mobilizebas, individuauri da koleqtiuri
TamaSis, yuradRebis swrafad gadarTvis unars. bavSvis saTamaSo
moqmedebebis SefasebisaTvis aRniSnuli maCveneblebis dasafiqsireblad
iyeneben specialur saaRricxvo baraTs (cxrili 7). moTamaSeTa
warmatebuli saTamaSo moqmedebebi fasdeba xuTbaliani sistemiT.
cxrili 7
saTamaSo moqmedebebis Sedegebis Sefaseba
70
gvari, saxeli
moZr
aobiT
i
aqtivoba
moZr
aobiT
i
aqtivobis
rac
ionaluri
aaw
ta
moqmed
ebebis
sis
wraf
e da
siz
uste
TamaS
isad
mi
mobil
izebis
individ
ual
u
ri TamaS
i
koleqtiu
ri
TamaS
i
yurad
Reb
is
swraf
ad
gad
arTvis
unari
saerTo
Sef
aseba
bolqvaZe nodari
janaSia rezo
arvelaZe zaza
da a.S.
5
4
3
4
4
4
3
4
4
3
5
3
4
5
4
5
3
4
5
4
4
29
29
26
or komplequr varjiSSi da TamaSSi bavSvma SeiZleba moagrovos
maqsimum 35 qula. dadebiTi Sefaseba, e.i. minimaluri raodenobaa, 21 qula.
is bavSvebi, romlebic moagroveben 21 qulas, agrZeleben saswavlo-
sawvrTno mecadineobebs momaval sakontrolo gamocdebamde.
TamaSis «brZola burTisTvis» organizacia da Catareba
am TamaSSi monawileobis misaRebad mwvrTnelebi akompleqteben
gundebs 6-6 moTamaSiT TiToeuls. mizanSewonilia, gundebi Tanabari
simaRlisa da siZlieris iyos. dakompleqtebis Semdeg mwvrTnelebi
avseben bavSvebze dasakvirvebel da saTamaSo maCveneblebis Sesafasebel
baraTebs (ise, rogorc es me-7 cxrilSia naCvenebi).
TamaSis dawyebis win mizanSewonilia bavSvebs kidev erTxel
Seaxsenon TamaSis wesebi da maTi amocanebi. dakvirvebas awarmoebs ori
mwvrTneli (TiTo gundidan erTi). TamaSis ufro organizebulad
Catarebisa da dakvirvebisaTvis moTamaSeebs urigdeba sxvadasxva feris
nomriani maisurebi.
TamaSis wesebi. TamaSis «brZola burTisTvis» Casatareblad
SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas nebismieri moedani, romlis zoma maqsimum
15X15 da minimum10X10 metrzea. TamaSis xangrZlivoba aris ori taimi,
TiToeuli 10 wuTi.Ataimebs Soris dasveneba 5 wuTia. TamaSi iwyeba
moednis centrSi burTis iatakze dartymiT. burTis TamaSSi Seyvanamde
yvela moTamaSe centridan ( burTis iatakze dartymis adgilamde) sami
metriT unda iyos daSorebuli. burTis iatakze dartymis Semdeg
moTamaSeebi cdiloben daeuflon mas. moTamaSe, romelic daeufleba
burTs, gadascems mas Tavis Tanagundels, romelic, aseve cdilobs
71
monaxos Tavisi Tanagundeli da gadaawodos mas burTi da a.S. yoveli
gundi cdilobs, rac SeiZleba met xans flobdes burTs. mowinaaRmdege
gundis wevrebi saTamaSo wesebis dacvis farglebSi yvelenairad
cdiloben xeli SeuSalon da waarTvan burTi. gundebis mier burTis
flobis xangrZlivoba fiqsirdeba wamzomis saSualebiT. TamaSis Semdeg
xdeba monacemebis Sejameba. igebs ise gundi, romelic met xans flobda
burTs.
moZravi TamaSi «brZola burTisTvis» tardeba xelburTis wesebis
Tanaxmad. mwvrTnelebi, romlebic warmoadgenen moaspareze gundebs,
TamaSis damTavrebis Semdeg ajameben Sexvedris Sedegebs.
Tu romelime bavSvs eWvi epareba Tavisi SesaZleblobebis Sefasebis
sisworeSi, mas eZleva ufleba ganmeorebiT miiRos monawileoba TamaSSi
sxva gundis SemadgenlobaSi.
kompleqsuri varjiSebis organizacia da Catareba. bavSvebis
monawileoba kompleqsuri varjiSebis SesrulebaSi saSuallebas
gvaZlevs, gavigoT bavSvis yuradgebis done da misi unari gadaerTos
erTidan meore situaciaze. amas garda es varjiSebi xels uwyoben bavSvis
moZraobiTi amocanebis Sesrulebis siswrafis da sizustis gansazRvras.
varjiSi 1. moTamaSeebi ewyobian oTx kolonad, burTebi uWiravT #1
da #2 kolonebis wamyvan moTamaSeebs. mwvrTnelis niSanze #1 da #2
burTiani moTamaSeebi awvdian burTs TavianTi kolonebis pirdapir mdgom
#4 da #3 moTamaSeebs ise, rom #1moTamaSeebi burTs gadascemen mkerdis simaRleze, xolo #2moTamaSeebi iatakidan arkeniT da a.S. burTis
gadacemis Semdeg moTamaSeebi garbian mopirdapire kolonebisken da
dgebian mis boloSi. burTis gadacemis xerxi bolomde ar icvleba, Tumca
mwvrTnels SeuZlia ganmeorebiTi niSnis micemiT Secvalos igi
gadacemaTa raodenoba TiToeul bavSvze 8-10 unda iyos.
varjiSi 2. am varjiSis SesrulebisTvis moTamaSeebi ganlagdebian
moedanze.#1 moTamaSe pirveli kolonidan awvdis burTs meore kolonis
wamyvan #2 moTamaSes, ris Semdegac garbis da dgeba #3moTamaSeebis
kolonis boloSi. miiRebs ra burTs #2 moTamaSe (meore kolonidan),
gadascems mas #3 moTamaSes , Semdeg garbis da dgeba #1 moTamaSeebis
kolonis boloSi. Tavis mxriv #3 moTamaSe awvdis burTs #1 kolonis
win mdgom moTamaSes da garbis #2 kolonis moTamaSeebis boloSi
dasadgomad da a.S.
es varjiSi SeiZleba ori variantiT Sesruldes. pirvel variantSi
burTis gadacema sruldeba marjvena mxares, xolo gadaadgileba
marcxniv. meore variantSi ki SesaZlebelia, rogorc gadacemis, ise
gadaadgilebis mimarTulebis Secvla. 72
pedagogiuri dakvirvebebis meSveobiT mwvrTnelebi afaseben bavSvis
saTamaSo moqmedebebis ZiriTad maCveneblebs da TiToeulisTvis
gamoiyvanen maT mier naCvenebi Sedegebis qulaTa saerTo jams.
amrigad, mxolod mas Semdeg, rac Sejamdeba da Sefasdeba bavSvis
fizikuri, moZraobiTi da saTamaSo unarianoba, dgindeba misi
vargisianobis kritriumebi xelburTSi Semdgomi varjiSisaTvis.
erTi asakobrivi jgufidan meoreSi gadasayvani gamocdebis
Catareba
momdevno asakobrivi jgufebis ukeT dakompleqtebis mizniT
mizanSewonilia yoveli sawvrTno wliuri ciklis bolos Catardes
mozardTa da bavSvTa sportuli skolebis, raionebis da qalaqebis
pirvelobebi sakontrolo normativebis mravalWidSi. Sejibrebis
kalendari ise unda iyos Sedgenili, rom erTi dRis ganmavlobaSi
bavSvebma sam normativze meti ar Caabaron. kargi iqneba, Tu erT dRes
Catardeba sirbili, xtomebi da tyorcnebi.
mozardi sportsmenis momdevno asakobriv jgufSi gadayvanis
saboloo gadawyvetileba miiReba yvela maCveneblis saerTo Sefasebis
safuZvelze. rogorc yovelTvis, aqac gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeba
mozardi xelburTelis saTamaSo moqmedebebis dones.
ZiriTadi maCveneblebis zrdis dinamikis ufro zusti
gansazRvrisaTvis erTi asakobrivi jgufidan meoreSi gadasayvani
sakontrolo varjiSebi igive unda iyos rogorc misaRebi kontigentis
SerCevis dros. aq SeiZleba daematos ramdenime varjiSi: 1. maRla axtoma
(abalakovis meTodiT); 2. burTis gadacema sizusteze 30 wamis
ganmavlobaSi; 3. burTis tyorcna siSoreze (sruldeba xelburTis
burTiT). vinaidan sakontrolo varjiSebis umravlesobis Catarebis
organizacia da meTodika Cvens mier zemoT ukve aRwerilia,
SemovifarglebiT damatebiTi sakontrolo varjiSebis aRweriT:1. maRla
axtoma warmoebs abalakovis sayovelTaod miRebuli da cnobili meTodis
mixedviT; 2. burTis gadacema mizanSi 30 wamis ganmavlobaSi.
am ukanaskneli varjiSis Casatareblad kedelze 180-sm-is simaRleze
ixazeba 40X40 sm kvadrati. kedlidan sami metris daSorebiT ixazeba
gadacemis adgili, romelzec gamosacdeli dgeba piriT kedlisken.
mwvrTnelis niSanze bavSvi asrulebs gadacemas da cdilobs burTi
kvadratSi moaxvedros, kedlidan asxletil burTs ki iWers da asrulebs
gadacemas. mwvrTneli iTvlis, ramdeni gadacema Seasrula bavSvma 30 wamis
ganmavlobaSi.
73
aRsaniSnavia, rom 17-18 wlis gogonebi da vaJebi saSualo skolis
damTavrebis paralelurad, rogorc wesi, amTavreben bavSvTa da
mozardTa sportul skolebsac. xelburTelebisaTvis unda Catardes
gamosaSvebi gamocdebi, romelTa normativebi mocemulia #8 cxrilSi
cxrili 8
sakontrolo normativbi bavSvTa da mozardTa
sportuli skolis kursdamTavrebulTaTvis
sakontrolo normativebi gogonebi vaJebi
1. sirbili 30 metrze (wm) 4.6-4.7 4.0-4.2
2. adgilidan sigrZeze
xtoma (sm)
240-255 270-285
3. sammagi xtoma
adgilidan(sm) 800-820
4. axtoma simaRleze
(abalakovi,sm)
45-50 60-65
5. burTis tareba 30m (wm) 4.7-5.0 4.2-4.4
6. dgarebis Semovla 2-jer
(wm)
9.5-10.0 8.6-8.8
7. burTis tyorcna
siSoreze (m)
35-40 45-50
8. burTis gadacema
sizusteze 30 wamis
ganmavlobaSi (raodenoba)
30-32 34-36
cxrili 9
sakontrolo normativebi
saerTo da specialur fizikur momzadebaSi
74
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 70 3 88-
289-
760-
70 4 10-
8 30-8 35 45 0 40
69 3.91-
287-
755-
69 4.13-
8.36-8.41 44.5 - 68 3 94-
285-
750-
68 4 16-
8 42-8 47 44 0 39
67 3 97-
283-
745-
67 4 19-
8 48-8 53 43 5 - 66 4 00-
281-
740-
66 4 22-
8 54-8 59 43 0 38
65 4.03-
279-
735-
65 4.25-
8.60-8.65 42.5 - 64 4 06-
277-
730-
64 4 28-
8 66-8 71 42 0 37
63 409-
275-
725-
63 4 31-
8 72-8 77 4L5 - 62 4 12-
273-
720-
62 4 34-
8 78-8 83 41 0 36
61 4 15-
271-
715-
61 4 37-
8 84-8 89 50 5 - 60 4.18-
269-
710-
60 4.40-
8.90-8.95 40.0 35
59 4 21-
267-
705-
59 4 43-
8 96-9 01 39 5 - 58 4.24-
265-
700-
58 4.46-
9.02-9.07 39.0 34
57 4 27-
263-
695-
57 4 49-
9 08-9 13 38 5 - 56 4 30-
261-
690-
56 4 52-
9 14-9 19 38 0 33
55 4.33-
259-
685-
55 4.55-
9.20-9.25 37.5 - 54 4 36-
257-
680-
54 4 58-
9 26-9 31 37 0 32
53 4.39-
255-
675-
53 4.61-
9.32-9.37 36.5 - 52 4 42-
253-
670-
52 4 64-
9 38-9 43 36 0 31
51 4 45-
251-
665-
51 4 67-
9 44-9 49 35 5 - 50 4.48-
249-
660-
50 4.704.6
9.50-9.55 35.0 30
49 4 51-
247-
665-
49 4 73-
9 56-9 61 34 5 - 48 4 54-
245-
650-
48 4 76-
9 62-9 67 34 0 29
47 4 57-
243-
645-
47 4 79-
9 68-9 73 33 5 - 46 4.60-
241-
640-
46 4.82-
9.74-9.7 33.0 28
45 4.63-
239-
635-
45 4.85-
9.80-9.85 32.5 - 44 4.66-
237-
630-
44 4.88-
9.86-9.91 32.0 27
43 4 70-
235-
625-
43 4 91-
9 92-9 97 31 5 - 42 4.73-
233-
620-
42 4.94-
9.98-10.03 3L0 26
41 4 76-
231-
615-
41 4 97-
10 04-
30 5 - 40 4 79-
229-
610-
40 5 00-
10 10-
30 0 25
39 4.81-
227-
605-
39 5.03-
10.16-
29.5 - 38 4.84-
225-
600-
38 5.06-
10.22-
29.0 24
37 4 87-
223-
595-
37 5 09-
10 28-
28 5 - 36 4.90-
221-
590-
36 5.12-
10.34-
28.0 23
35 4 93-
219-
585-
35 5 15-
10 40-
27 5 - 34 4 96-
217-
580-
34 5 18-
10 46-
27 0 22
33 4 99-
215-
575-
33 5 21-
10 52-
26 5 32 5.02-
213-
570-
32 5.24-
10.58-
26.0 21
31 5.05-
211-
565-
31 5.27-
10.64-
25.5 - 30 5.08-
209-
560-
30 5.30-
10.70-
25.0 20
am cxrilis (#9)mixedviT dgeba im minimalur qulaTa raodenoba, romelic aucilebelia ama Tu im asakis xelburTelebisTvis (cxrili #10).
cxrili 10
maCvenebeli gogonebis asaki vaJebis asaki
13 14 15 16 17 18 13 14 15 16 17 18
75
qulebi 150 175 200 220 260 300 250 290 350 400 460 500
Tavi IV
xelburTis TamaSis teqnika da
teqnikuri momzadeba
4.1. zogadi debulebebi
TamaSis teqnika specialuri xerxebis kompleqsia, romelic
aucilebelia xelburTelisTvis, raTa warmatebas miaRwios SejibrebaSi.
Tavisi ganviTarebis yvela etapze is sportuli brZolis warmarTvis erT-
erTi ZiriTadi saSualebaa, romelic moTamaSes SesaZleblobas aZlevs
arsebuli saTamaSo wesebis CarCoSi, sxvadasxva saTamaSo situaciis
pirobebSi warmatebiT gadawyviTos konkretuli amocanebi.
saTamaSo siTuaciis swrafi cvlilebebis pirobebSi warmatebis
misaRwevad xelburTeli valdebulia flobdes teqnikuri xerxebis
mravalferovan elementebs da efeqturad iyenebdes maT.moTamaSis
teqnikuri ostatobis dne gansazRvravs TamaSis warmarTvis teqnikur
sqemas da mTeli gundis saerTo warmatebas.
xelburTis ganviTarebis procesSi teqnikuri xerxebis Sesruleba
da maTi Sefasebis kriteriumebi icvleboda dacvasa da TavdasxmaSi
TamaSis ganviTarebasTan erTad, moTamaSeTa fizikuri momzadebulobis
donis amaRlebis, dacvasa da TavdasxmaSi efeqturi taqtikuri sqemebis
SemuSavebis, TamaSis warmarTvis axali koncebciebis gamomuSavebis
paralelurad.
xelburTis TamaSis teqnikis ganxilvis dros cal-calke Tavebad
unda ganvixiloT: 1) TamaSis teqnika Tavdasxmis dros; 2) TamaSis teqnika
dacvis dros.
4.2. TamaSis teqnikuri xerxebi TavdasxmaSi da varjiSebi
76
rogorc aRvniSneT, xelburTis TamaSisTvis saWiroa sxvadasxva
teqnikuri xerxebis codna, maTi Seswavla da srulyofa.
xelburTis TamaSisteqnika TavdasxmaSi Seicavs siaruls, sirbils,
xtomas, SeCerebas da bruns. es yvelaferi sruldeba rogorc burTiT, ise
uburTod. calke unda gam,ovyoT burTis flobis teqnika, romelic
Seicavs burTis daWeras, gadacemas, tarebasa da karSi tyorcnas.
sirbili. xelburTis TamaSis dros moTamaSeebis umravlesoba
drois did nawils moedanze uburTod atarebs. isini gadaadgildebian
sxvadasxva tempiT, icvlian mimarTulebas, Cerdebian, Semobrundebian,
akeTeben cru moZraobas, raTa ganTavisufldnen mowinaaRmdegis
meTvalyureobisagan da Seqmnan saukeTeso pirobebi burTis miRebisTvis an
saukeTeso poziciaSi gasvlisTvis. amitom didi mniSvneloba eniWeba
xelburTis TamaSSi sirbils rogorc burTiT, ise uburTod. sportuli
TamaSi warmoudgenelia sirbilis gareSe, miT umeTes xlburTi, romelSic
saTamaSo situacia yovel wuTs icvleba.SeiZleba Seteva orive karTan
ganxorcieldes 10-15 wamis ganmavlobaSi. mowinaaRmdegisagan
ganTavisuflebis kargi saSualebaa swrafi garbeni, romelsac spirtul
TamaSSi “mosxletas” uwodeben.
sirbilis Seswavla da srulyofa. sirbilis Seswavlisa da
srulyofisaTvis gamoyenebulia Semdegi varjiSebi:
1. moTamaSeebi ewyobian or kolonad erT karTan. maswavleblis
niSanze pirveli nomrebi garbian meore karisken, xels adeben karis
Zels da brundebian ukan, Semdeg amasve akeTeben meore nomrbi da
a.S. (tardeba Sejibri. romeli kolonac adre daamTavrebs sirbils,
is aris gamarjvebuli).
2. igive, mxolod midgmiTi nabijiT marjvena mxares.
3. igive, mxolod midgmiTi nabijiT marcxena mxares.
4. igive, mxolod sirbili zurgiT win.
5. igive, mxolod sirbili muxlis maRla aweviT.
6. sirbili zurgiT win moednis Sua xazamde, Semdeg ki midgmiTi
nabijiT (an marcxniv, an marjvniv), rodesac miuaxlovdebian meore
kars da Seaxeben xels, sirbils ganagrZoben saxiT win.
7. sirbili dgarebis SemovliT jer individualurad, Semdeg ki
Sejibri or kolonas Soris.
8. sirbili moednis irgvliv da niSanze swrafi garbeni diagonalze.
9. maRali startidan sirbili 10-15 metrze.
10. dabali startidan sirbili 15-20metrze.
SeCerebas swavloben sirbilTan erTad. swavleba iwyeba SeCerebiT
erT da or nabijSi, rasac mohyveba SeCereba xtomiT. SeCerebas
axorcieleben erTi an ori didi nabijis gadadgmiT. SeCereba
77
gamoiyeneba burTis tarebisas, rodesac damcveli moTamaSe midis
Tavdamsxmelis Ssaxvedrad. xtomiT SeCerebas moTamaSeebi iyeneben
maRali burTis miRebisas. xelburTis TamaSisaTvis
damaxasiaTebelia sam nabijSi SeCereba. amisaTvis saWiroa
moTamaSeebs gamoumuSavdeT sam nabijze SeCerebis Cvevebi, risTvisac
gamoiyeneben Semdeg varjiSebs:
1. neli sirbili SeCerebiT nebismier or, sam nabijSi,rasac calkeuli
moTamaSe asrulebs moednis yvela monakveTze.
2. neli sirbili SeCerebiT maswavleblis niSanze (sastveniT an
droSiT).
3. sirbili moednis erTi bolodan mekaris moednis xazamde da
SeCereba sami nabijis gakeTebis Semdeg.
rogorc kalaTburTSi, ise xelburTSi SeCerebas burTiT asruleben
TiTqmis or nabijSi, magram xelburTis wesebis mixedviT moTamaSes
ufleba aqvs gaaketos sami nabiji. Tu xelburTelebi SeCerebis Seswavlas
sirbilSi asruleben, maTi srulyofa xdeba Semdegi varjiSebiT:
1. SeCereba niSanze swrafi sirbilis Semdeg.
2. SeCereba nebismierad(calkeuli moTamaSe garbis moednis erTi
mxridan meorisken, SeCerebis Semdeg Semobrundeba da isev
ganagrZobs sirbils).
SeCerebis Sesruleba xtomis Semdeg: moTamaSeebi garbian moednis
erTi kuTxidan meorisken, centrSi Rebuloben burst da xtomiT
Cerdebian.
xtoma. xelburTis TamaSSi gansakuTrebuli adgili ukavia xtomas.
swored xtomaa mravali teqnikuri xerxis Sesrulebis erT-erTi ZiriTadi
saSualeba.
simaRleze, sigrZeze, agreTve rTuli xtoma vardnaSi SeiZleba
Seasrulon cal da orive fexze arekniT, rogorc adgilze, ise
moZraobaSi. or fexze axtomi yvelaze xSirad gamoyenebulia burTis
daWeris da karSi natyorcni burTis blokirebisTvis. moTamaSe, romelic
asrulebs am xtomas, nabijiT win miadgams erT fexs meores, odnav
Cajdeba da Semdegxteba maRla xelebis erTdrouli aqneviT.
gamorbeniT simaRleze xtomas asruleben cal fexze arekniT. is
gamoyenebulia rogorc gadacemebis, ise karSi arekniT. is gamoyenebulia
rogorc gadacemebis,ise karSi tyorcnisTvis (TiTqmis 80-90 % karSi
tyorcnisa am xerxiT xorcieldeba). Tu xelburTeli burTs tyorcnis
marjvena xeliT, naxtoms asrulebs marcxena fexize arekniT da piriqiT.
78
bruni aucilebeli da saWiro xerxia xelburTisaTvis. misi kargad
gamoyeneba umsubuqebs moTamaSes mowinaaRmdegesTan orTabrZolas.bruns
asruleben rogorc burTiT, ise uburTod, adgilze da moZraobaSi.
burTiani moTamaSe asrulebs bruns im mizniT, rom dafaros burTi
damcvelisagan, Seiqmnas pirobebi burTis gadacemisa da karSi
tyorcnisaTvis.
4.3. burTis flobis teqnika
burTis flobis teqnikur xerxs swavloben Semdegi TanmimdevrobiT :
1. burTis daWera; 2. burTis gadacema; 3. burTis tareba;4. burTis tyorcna
karSi.
burTis daWera xelburTis TamaSis erT erTi mniSvnelovani
teqnikuri xerxia. TamaSis Sedegi bevradaa damokidebuli burTis daWeris
teqnikaze. TamaSis dros fexburTelebs uxdebaT sxvadasxva simaRleze da
sxvadasxva ZaliT natyorcni burTis daWera. xelburTSi burTs iWeren
cali da, umetes SemTxvevaSi, ori xeliT
maRla natyorcni burTis daWeris dros moTamaSes xelebi gaaqvs win
da maRla. rodesac burTi Seexeba xelis TiTebs, moTamaSe xelebs moxris
idayvisa da mxris saxsarSi da burTs miitans mkerdTan (sur.1).
dabla natyorcni burTis daWerisas moTamaSes xelebi gaaqvs win
burTis Sesaxvedrad (am SemTxvevaSi TiTebi gaSlilia ise, rom TiTqos
nekebi erTmaneTs exeba), tani gadaxrilia win, fexebi moxrilia muxlis
saxsarSi(sur.2,3).
ori xeliT burTis daWeris dros : a) moTamaSe yoveTvis unda iyos gadacemis molodinSi; b) burTi unda daiWiros gaSlili TiTebiT,
xelebis dauZabavad.
burTis gadacema TamaSis erT-erTi ZiriTadi da aucilebeli
teqnikuri xerxia, romelsac burTis daWerasTan erTad swavloben.
burTis gadacema SeiZleba cali (moxrili) xeliT mxridan, gverdidan,
qvemodan, Tavs zemodan, mtevniT, ukan, zurgs ukan, mxars zemodan,
mkerdidan, qvemodan.
burTis gadacema moxrili cali xeliT mxridan. moTamaSis sawyisi
mdgomareoba : fexebi odnav moxrilia muxlis saxsarSi, erTi fexi win
79
aris gadadgmuli (Tu gadacema xdeba marjvena xeliT, win gadadgmulia
marcxena fexi da piriqiT), burTi uWiravT orive xeliT, marjvena xeli,
romelic moxrilia idayvis saxsarSi, gaaqvT burTianad ukan, zeviT, Tavis
simaRleze, burTi devs nebis mTel zedapirze, xelis mtevani
modunebulia, TiTebi gaSlilia, marcxena xeli rCeba mkerdis simaRleze,
Semdeg moTamaSes tanis wona mTlianad gadaaqvs win gadadgmul fexze da
xelis mtevnis gaqneviT isvris burTs. am xerxiT burTs gadascemen
nebismieri mimarTulibiT sxvadasxva manZilze adgilidan da moZraobaSi
(sur.4).
burTis gadacema cali xeliT gverdidan. am xerxiT burTs
iseTnairad gadascemen, rogorc zemoT aRniSnuli gadacemis dros.
gansxvaveba mxolod is aris, rom tans Semoabruneben marjvniv ukan da
xelis moqneva xdeba gverdidan, idayvs dauSveben qvemoT (sur.5).
burTis gadacema cali xeliT qvemodan. moTamaSe gadadgams did
nabijs marcxena fexiT win, Tu gadacema xdeba marjvena xeliT, tani
gadaxrilia ukan marjvniv, idayvi daSvebulia muxlis saxsramde (burTi
magrad uWiravs TiTebiT).
xSirad xelburTis TamaSSi iyeneben faruli gadacemis ramodenime
nairsaxeobas, romelTac SeiZleba vuwodoT specialuri gadacema.
gadacema xelis mtevniT, fexebs qvemodan, xels qvemodan, zurgs uknidan,
mxars zemodan.
xelis qvemodan gadacemis dros marjvena burTiani xeli swrafi
moZraobiT gadis marcxniv, burTs gaisvrian xelis mtevnis swrafi
moZraobiT, marcxena xeli gadis burTs zemodan marjvniv (sur.6).
zurgs uknidan gadacemisas ZiriTadi moZraobaa burTiani (odnav
moxrili) xelis gaqnevi zurgs ukan xelis mtevnis SemobrunebiT (sur.7).
mxars zemodan gadacema Tavisdi struqturiT ufro advilia.
ZiriTadi moZraobaa burTiani xelis swrafi moxra idayvis saxsarSi
(sur.8).
burTis gadacema ori xeliT. rogorc kalaTburTSi aseve xelburTSi
gadacema sruldeba ori xeliT Tavs zemodan, mkerdidan, qvemodan.
burTis gadacema ori xeliT.Tavs zemodan. am xerxiT gadacemas
xSirad iyeneben TamaSSi. burTis Tavs zemodan gadacemis dros tanis
simZime mTlianad gadatanilia ukana fexze tanis gadaxrasTan erTad
xelebi burTianad gadadis zeviT- ukan, Semdeg swrafi moZraobiT tanis
simZime gadadis wina fexze da burTis gadawodeba xdeba ise, rogorc es
me-9 suraTzea naCvenebi.
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xSirad iyeneben TamaSSi burTis gadacema ori xeliT mkerdidan. is
saWiroa burTis swrafi gadacemisTvis axlo da saSualo manZilze.
mosamzadebeli faza – gaSili TiTebiT iWers burTs mkerdis
simaRleze, idayvebi daSvebulia.
ZiriTadi faza – burTs gagzavnian win xelebis swrafi gamarTviT
bolomde (sur.10).
burTis gadacema ori xeliT qvemodan. gamoiyeneba 4-5 metris
manZilze burTis gadasacemad, rodesac burTi uWiravT muxlis saxsris
simaRleze an qvemoT da ara aqvT saSualeba da dro poziciis
Sesacvlelad.
mosamzadebeli faza – burTi ukaviaT Zirs daSvebul xelebSi, tani
moxrilia, xelebi odnav moRunulia idayvis saxsrebSi(sur.11).
burTis gadacemis Seswavla da misi srulyofis
varjiSebi
yvela saxis gadacemis Seswavlas iwyeben Cvenebisa da axsnis Semdeg.
moTamaSeebi dgebian wyvilebad da gadascemen burTs erTmaneTs. gadacemis
paralelurad iswavleba burTis daWeris yvela xerxi.
varjiSi 1. moTamaSeebi dganan wyvilebead da gadascemen burTs
erTmaneTs cali xeliT Tavs zemodan (marcxena fexi win aris
gadadgmuli, simZime orive fexzea).
varjiSi 2. igive gverdidan gadacemiT (gamarTuli xeliT).
varjiSi 3. igive qvemodan (gamarTuli xeliT).
varjiSi 4. moTamaSeebi burTs gadascemen erTmaneTs sami nabijis
Semdeg (adgilze fexebi erTad). Tu burTs marjvena xeliT gadascemen,
nabijis gadadgamen marcxena fexiT da sami nabijis Semdeg gadascemen
burTs da piriqiT.
varjiSi 5. igive xtomiT.
varjiSi 6. igive sirbiliT, moTamaSeebi ewyobian karTan or kolonad
da mirbian meore karisaken (burTis gadacemiT).
varjiSi 7. moTamaSeebi dganan erTmaneTis pirispir. burTi aqvT #1
moTamaSeebs, romlebic gadascemen mas sxvadasxva xerxiT #2 moTamaSeebs.
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burTis miRebis Semdeg #2 moTamaSeebi mas ubruneben #1 moTamaSeebs da
a.S. (gadacemis maswavlebeli karnaxobs)(sur.12).
varjiSi 8. moTamaSeebi dgebian or an oTx kolonad moednis
sxvadasxva mxares. burTi aqvs #1 moTamaSes, romelsac is gadascems #4
moTamaSes da ikavebs adgils b#6 moTamaSis ukan #4 moaTamaSe, Tavis
mxriv, burTs gadascems #2 moTamaSes da ikavebs adgils #3 moTamaSis
ukan da a.S.(sur 13).
varjiSi 9. moTamaSeebi ewyobian wreze.burTi aqvs #1 moTamaSes,
romelic gadascems mas #2-s, #2 moTamaSe ki-#3-s da a.S. rodesac burTs
kvlav gadascemen #1 moTamaSes , icvleba gadacemis mimarTuleba, e.i.#1
moTamaSe burTs gadascems #8 moTamaSes da a.S. (sur.14).
varjiSi 10. moTamaSeebi ewyobian oTxeulebad,#1 moTamaSe burTs
gadascems #2 moTamaSes da ikavebs mis adgils, amasobaSi #2 moTamaSe
burTs gadascems #3-s da ikavebs mis adgils, #3 burTs gadascems #4-s
da ikavebs mis adgils da a.S. (sur.15).
varjiSi 11. moTamaSeebi ewyobian wreze, gaiTvlian pirvel meoreze
(saWiroa ori burTi), pirveli nomrebi awvdian burTs erTmaneTs, meore
nomrebi erTmaneTs.
varjiSi 12. moTamaSeebi ewyobian sameulebad. burTs floben #1
moTamaSeebi da awvdian mas #3 moTamaSeebs, meore nomrebi ki cdiloben
xeli SeuSalon gadacemas, brundebian 1800-iT ise, rom #1 da #3
moTamaSeebisken pirisaxiT arian (bruns asruleben cal fexze an
xtomiT)(sur.16).
varjiSi 13. moTamaSeebi ewyobian moednis sxavadasxva mxares ise,
rogorc es me-17 suraTzea naCvenebi.#1 moTamaSe burTs gadascems #6
moTamaSes da garbis win, mburTs ukan iRebs, Semdeg awvdis #7 moTamaSes
da ganagrZobs sirbils, kvlav iRebs burTs da ukan awvdis #8 moTamaSes.
rodesac igi #8 moTamaSisgan miiRebs burTs, agdebs karisken da
tyorcnis karSi (tyorcnis Semdeg #1 moTamaSe sawinaaRmdego mxares
dgeba #5 moTamaSis ukan) (sur17).
varjiSi 14. moTamaSeebi ewyobian wreze. erTi moTamaSe dgeba SuaSi
wreze mdgom moTamaSeebs Soris intervaliT 5-7 metri.moTamaSe #2 burTs
gadascems #1-s da TviTon dgeba mis adgilze. #1 moTamaSe burTs awvdis
#3-s da dgeba #2 moTamaSeis adgilas, #3moTamaSe burTs awvdis #2-s da
garbis centrisken, #2 moTamaSe burTs awvdis #4-s da ikavebs #3
moTamaSis adgils da a.s. (sur.18).
varjiSi 15. moTamaSeebi ewyobian oTx kolonad, burTi aqvs #1
moTamaSes, romelsac is awvdis #2 moTamaSes, #2 _ #3-s, #3_#4-s da a.S.
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gadacemis Semdeg #1 moTamaSe garbis da ikavebs adgils #2 moTamaSis
ukan, #2 moTamaSe ikavebs adgils #3 moTamaSis ukan, #3-#4 moSamaTis
ukan da a.S. (sur. 19) .
varjiSi 16. moTamaSeebi ewyobian ise, rogorc es me-20 suraTzea
naCvenebi. burTi aqvs #1 moTamaSes, romelsac is awvdis #2-s da gadadis
win, raTa xelmeored miiRos burTi da miRebis Semdeg awvdis #3
moTamaSes. #1 moTamaSe ikavebs adgils #3 moTamaSeebis kolonis ukan,.
rogorc ki #3 moTamaSe miiRebs burTs, awvdis #4 moTamaSes da akeTebs
igives, rasac @#1 moTamaSe, ris Semdegac ikavebs adgils #1 moTamaSeebis
ukan da a.S.
varjiSi 17. moTamaSeebi ewyobian moednis bolos or kolonad. burTi
aqvs #1 da #2 moTamaSeebs. moedanze ganlagebulia dgarebi. #1 da #2
moTamaSeebi sirbiliT burTs gadascemen #3 da #4 moTamaSeebs (gadacema
xdeba dgarebs Soris). rogorc ki es ori wyvili Cairbens, gadacemas
iwyebs Semdegi wyvili (sur. 21).
varjiSi 18. moTamaSeebi ise ewyobian, rogorc es 22-e suraTzea
naCvenebi. burTi aqvs #1 moTamaSes, romelic mas awvdis #2 moTamaSes,
#2_#3-s, #3_#4-s, es ukanaskneli ki_#1-s moTamaSes. burTis gadacemis
Semdeg #1 moTamaSe dgeba #2 moTamaSeeebis ukan, #2 _ #1 moTamaSeebis
ukan, #3 _ #4 moTamaSeebis ukan, #4 ki _ #3 moTamaSeebis ukan.
varjiSi 19. moTamaSeebi ewyobian ise, rogorc es 23-e suraTzea
naCvenebi. burTi aqvs #3 moTamaSes. is burTi tarebiT midis 9 metrian
xazamde. am dros kuTxis #1 da #2 moTamaSeebi gamorbian centrisken,
erT-erTi maTgani, romelic adre miva centramde, iRebs #3 moTamaSis mier
gadagdebul burTs da awvdis 34 moTamaSes da a.S. kuTxis moTamaSe,
romelic pirveli miiRebs burTs misi gadacemis Semdeg garbis da dgeba
#5 moTamaSis ukan.
burTis tareba aucilebeli teqnikuri xerxia, romelic saSualebas
aZlevs moTamaSes gadaadgildes moedanze burTianad sxvadasxva
mimarTulebiTa da siCqariT. burTios tareba SeiZleba rigrigobiT
marjvena da marcxena xeliT. (sur. 22).
burTis tarebis Seswavla da misi srulyofis varjiSi
varjiSi 1. moTamaSeebi dganan adgilze (gafantuli arian moedanze),
tani odnav win aqvT gadaxrili, muxlebi moxrili, winamxari – iatakis
(miwis) paraleruda. xelis TiTebi – gaSlili. moTamaSeebi biZgiT
agzavnian burTs Zirs, areknis Semdeg kvlav uSveben Zirs da a.S.
varjiSi 2. moTamaSeebi adgilze asruleben burTis tarebas
riogrigobiT jer marjvena, Semdeg marcxena xeliT.
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varjiSi 3. moTamaSeebi asruleben burTis tarebas sirbiliT.
varjiSi 4. moTamaSeebi ewyobian ramodenime kolonad. burTebi aqvT
win mdgom moTamaSeebs.
varjiSi 5. moTamaSeebi ewyobian moednis erT boloSi, ramodenime
kolonad. maT win ramodenime winaRobaa (dgarebi). niSanze burTiani
moTamaSeebi gverds uvlian am dgarebs, bolo dgaris Semovlis Semdeg
brundebian ukan, oRond burTs atareben meore xeliT, gadascemen
burTs Semdeg moTamaSeebs da TviTon dgebian kolonis bolos.
dgarebis nacvlad SeiZleba moTamaSeebi idgnen.
varjiSi 6. moTamaSeebi ewyobian ramodenime kolonad moednis erT
boloSi, burTebi aqvT win mdgom xelburTelebs. maswavlebeli dgas
sawinaaRmdego mxares (moednis meore boloSi). niSanze (sastvenze)
moTamaSeebi iwyeben burTis tarebas, icvlian mimarTulebas
maswavleblis Zaxilis Sesabamisad.
varjiSi 7. yvela moTamaSes aqvs burTi. isini mTel moedanze
ewyobian ramodenime kolonad 4-5 metris manZilze, win mdgomebi
iwyeben burTis tarebas sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT, maT ukan mdgomi
moTamaSeebi cdiloben yvela moZraoba gaimeoron.
varjiSi 8. moTamaSeebi iyofian wyvilebad. burTi aqvs wyvilis erT
moTamaSes, uburTo moTamaSe ki nebismieri mimarTulebiT
gadaadgildeba moedanze. meore moTamaSe burTis tarebiT mihyveba mas
da imeorebs yvela mis moZraobas. ramodenime xnis Semdeg isini
icvlian rolebs.
varjiSi 9. moTamaSeebi iyofian wyvilebad. wyvilis erTi moTamaSe
Tavdamsxmelia, meore ki – damcveli. Tavdamsxmeli atarebs burTs xan
marjvena da xan marcxena xeliT, riTac cdilobs gverdi auaros
damcvels, romelic mas amis saSualebas ar aZlevs.
burTis tyorcna karSi. burTis tyorcna umniSvnelovanesi
teqnikuri xerxia, romlis unaklod Sesruleba uzrunvelyofs erTi
gundis upiratesobas meoreze. burTis daWera, gadacema, tareba
mimarTulia tyorcnis Sesasruleblad.
tyorcnas asruleben : xtomis gareSe, xtomaSi da vardnaSi.
xelburTSi yvela saxis tyorcnas asruleben ise, rogorc
gadacemas. gansxvaveba is aris, rom tyorcnis dros burTis frenis
siCqare gacilebiT metia, vidre gadacemis dros. tyorcnis dros
maqsimalurad Zlierdeba yvela jgufis kunTebis moqmedeba da
moZraobis siCqarec maqsimumamde matulobs.
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karSi tyorcna moxrili xeliT mxridan ufro gavrcelebulia. mas
asruleben, rogorc adgilidan, ise moZraobisas. adgilidan tyorcnas
umravles SemTxvevaSi iyeneben 7-metriani sajarimosa da Tavisufali
tyorcnis Sesasruleblad. adgilidan karSi tyorcnisas marcxena fexi
(Tu tyorcna sruldeba marjvena xeliT) gaweulia win. xeli gadis
mxars ukan, sxeulis wona gadadis ukana fexze, tani Sebrunebulia
mtyorcneli xelis mxares, Tavi – tyorcnis mimarTulebiT (sur. 25).
burTis tyorcna karSi gverdidangamoyenebulia iSviaTad da miznad
isaxavs mowinaaRmdegis motyuebas. aseTi saxis tyorcnas asruleben
rogorc gadacemas, siaruliT da adgilze. (sur. 26).
tyorcna moxrili xeliT mxridan tanis gverdze gadaxriT. am
xerxiT burTs tyorcnian maSin rodesac damcvelebi mWidros
meurveoben Tavdamsxmelebs mekaris moednis xazsa da Tavisufali
tyorcnis xazs Soris. burTian moTamaSe asrulebs gverdidan
tyorcnis imitacias, Semdeg gadadgams did nabijs Tavisufali xelis
mxares, sxeulis simZime mTlianad gadaaqvs gadadgmul fexze, meore
fexi gaaqvs gaqneviT maRla (sur. 27).
xelburTis TamaSis dros xSirad xdeba, rom individualurad Zlieri
moTamaSeebi (gansakuTrebiT iseTebi , romlebsac xelis mtevani sakmaod
didi aqvT) gamoiyeneben tyorcnas winidan xelis moqneviT. rodesac
moTamaSe am xerxiT adgilidan tyorcnis burTs, is karisken zurgiT
imyofeba. aseTi tyorcna sami saxisaa: qvemodan, gverdidan, zemodan (sur.
28-29).
burTis tyorcna ori xeliT fexebs Sua. moTamaSe dgas zurgiT
karisken, tans swrafad gadaxris win da ori xeliT tyorcnis burTs
karSi (sur.30).
tyorcna moxrili xeliT mxridan xtomiT saWiroa axlo da Sori
manZilidan. am xerxiT tyorcnas axorcielebs sami nabijis wesis
dacviT. axtoms asruleben marcxena fexiT (Tu tyorcnian marjvena
xeliT). areknis dros amreknis fexis terfi odnav Semobrundeba SigniT,
gamqnevi fexi , romelic moxrilia muxlis saxsarSi, gaaqvT win da zemoT,
burTiani xeli gaaqvT zemoT, meore xeli _ mxris simaRleze da xrian
mkerdis win. xeli, romliTac burTs tyorcnian, gaaqvT ukan _ zeviT
moqnevis mdgomareobamde.
vardniT tyorcnas umetes SemTxvevaSi iyeneben is moTamaSeebi,
romlebic TamaSoben xazze an kuTxeze, agreTve 7-metriani sajarimo
tyorcnis dros.
85
karSi tyorcna ganze vardniT. aseTi saxis tyorcanas xSirad iyeneben
kuTxis moTamaSeebi. Tu marjvebna frTidan utevs moTamaSe, romelic
marjvena xeliT tyorcnis, is arekns akeTebs marcxena fexze da tanis
marcxrniv gadaxriT sexteba karis paralelurad. es xels uwyobs
moTamaSis karis aRebis kuTxis gadidebaSi. igives asrulebs marcxena
flanges moTamaSe., romelic tyorcnis marcxena xeliT. wlebis
ganmavlobaSi ase tyorcnidnen burTs Tbilisis “burevestnikisa” da ssr
kavSiris nakrebis wevri imedo fxakaZe da leri kartozia. es tyorcna
Zalze efeqturia (sur.31). aseT tyorcnas xSirad mimarTaven xazis
moTamaSeebi.
karSi burTis tyorcnis Seswavla da
misi srulyofis varjiSebi
tyorcnis Seswavlas iwyeben adgilidan, Semdg moZraobiT, bolos
gadadian tyorcnis Seswavlaze xtomiT da vardniT.
varjiSi 1. moTamaSeebi ganlagdebian karidan 9-10 metrze da
adgilidan tyorcnian burTs karSi (tyorcna yvela xerxiT. ix. «tyorcnis
teqnika»).
varjiSi 2. imave manZilidan tyorcna erTi nabijis gadadgmiT.
varjiSi 3. moTamaSeebi dgebian karidan 12-14 metrze da ori-sami
nabijis gadadgmis Semdeg burTs tyorcnian karSi. yvela tyorcnas
axorcieleben maswavleblis mier winaswar moniSnul kuTxeSi.
varjiSi 4. moTamaSeebi ewyobian moednis centrSi da adgilidan
akeTeben sam xtoms, ris Semdegac burTs tyorcnian karSi.
varjiSi 5. moTamaSeebi ewyobian kolonebad da saTiTaod garbian
karisken. maswavlebeli awvdis maT burTs, romelsac tyorcnian
moZraobisas tyorcnis gareSe.
varjiSi 6. igive xtomiT ori-sami nabijiT.
varjiSi 7. moTamaSeebi ewyobian or kolonad 9-metriani zonidan 2-3
metris daSorebiT (sur.32). #1 da #2 moTamaSeebi tyorcnian karSi, Semdeg
garbian karisken, iReben burTs da awvdian #3 da #4 moTamaSeebs,
romlebic aseve tyorcnian karSi ; #1 da #2 moTamaSeebi adgils ikaveben
#9 da #10 moTamaSeebis ukan da A.S.
varjiSi 8. moTamaSeTa ganlageba igivea, margam isini dganan ara 9-
metrian zonasTan axlos, aramed centralur xazTan. #1 moTamaSe atarebs
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burTs da gadascems mas #2 moTamaSes, romelic atarebs burTs da
tyorcnis karSi, Semdeg iRebs burTs da awvdis #4 moTamaSes. #1
moTamaSe ikavebs adgils #10 moTamaSis ukan, xolo #2_#9-is ukan. #4
moTamaSe tarebis Semdeg awvdis burTs #3 moTamaSes da a.S.
varjiSi 9. moTamaSeebi ewyobian ise, rogorc es 33-e suraTzea
naCvenebi. burTi aqvs #4 moTamaSes, romelic awvdis mas win gasul #1
moTamaSes. rogorc ki #1 moTamaSe miiRebs burTs, tarebiT midis mekaris
moednis xazamde da tyorcnis karSi. tyorcnis Semdeg moTamaSeebi
icvlian adgils : #4 moTamaSe ikavebs #3-is #3 _ #2-is, #2 _ #1-is, #1
ki_#4-is adgils da a.S.
varjiSi 10. burTi aqvs #1 moTamaSes, romelic awvdis mas #4
moTamaSes da garbis karisken, iRebs ukan gadmocemul burTs da
tyorcnis karSi. Semdeg iRebs burTs da gadaawodebs #2 moTamaSes,
romelic mas gadascems #5 moTamaSes da imeorebs igives, rasac #1
moTamaSe. tyorcnis Semdeg #1 moTamaSe dgeba #6 moTamaSis ukan, xolo
#4 _ #3 moTamaSis ukan da a.S. (sur.34).
varjiSi 11. moTamaSeebi dgebian or kolonad erT-erT karTan.
kolonis pirveli nomrebi burTis gadacemiT garbian meore karisaken da
vinc adre miaRwevs burTianad 9-metriani xazis zRvars, burTs tyorcnis
karSi.
varjiSi 12 moTamaSeebi ewyobian oTx-xuT kolonad, TiTo kolonas
TiTo burTi aqvs. maswavleblis niSanze saTiTaod burTis tarebiT
mirbian 9-metrian sajarimo xazTan da burTs tyorcnian karSi(winaswar
dadgebian, Tu ra xerxiT unda moxdes tyorcna).
varjiSi 13. igive, mxolod, rodesac moTamaSeebi miuaxlovdebian 9-
metrian xazs, Semobrundebian 3600-iT da burTs tyorcnian karSi
(TiToeul moTamaSes aZleven davalebas, Tu romel kuTxeSi unda
tyorcnos burTi da romeli xerxiT) .
cru moZraoba (finti). TamaSis dros Zalian xSiria SemTxvevebi,
rodesac damcvelsa da Tavdamsxmels uSualod erTmaneTTan uxdebaT
brZola. Tavdamsxmeli cdilobs rogorme ganTavisufldes damcvelis
meurveobisgan, raSic did daxmarebas uwevs cru moZraobis (fintis)
gamoyeneba. Semcden moZraobas asruleben rogorc uburTod, ise burTiT.
cru moZraobas uburTod asruleben Tavdamsxmelebic da
damcvelebic. magaliTad, Tavdamsxmelin akeTebs moZraobas marjvniv,
aseTive moZraobas asrulebs damcveli, Semdeg ki swrafad garbis
marcxniv. xelburTSi ufro metad gamoyenebulia cru moZraoba burTiT.
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burTiT cru moZraobas mimarTaven damcvelis meurveobisagan Tavis
gasaTavisufleblad. aseTi moZraoba sruldeba Semdegnairad: burTiani
moTamaSe, romelic imyofeba damcvelisgan 1-2 metrze, gadadgams nabijs
win da marcxniv, sxeulis wona gadaaqvs gadadgmul fexze. Tavisi
moqmedebiT moTamaSe (Tavdamsxmeli) moaCvenebs damcvels, rom apirebs
moZraobis gagrZelebas am mimarTulebiT, damcvelic gzas uRobavs mas.
maSin Tavdamsxmeli swrafad gadadgams mokle nabijs marcxena fexiT
marjvniv, gadaaqvs sxeulis wona marjvena fexze da gverds uvlis
damcvels.
cru moZraobis (fintis) Seswavla da
misi srulyofis varjiSebi
varjiSi 1. wyvilSi burTis gadacema burTze yuradRebis gamaxvilebis
gareSe (burTs gadascemen marcxniv, ixedbian marjvniv).
varjiSi 2. moTamaSeebi ewyobian Semxvedr kolonebad. #1 moTamaSe
cru moZraobiT gverds auvlis « a » moTamaSes da burTs awvdis #2
moTamaSes. #2 moTamaSe imaves akeTebs da burTs awvdis #3 moTamaSes da
a.S. #1 moTamaSe burTis gadacemis Semdeg dgeba #8 moTamaSis ukan, xolo
#2 _ #7 moTamaSis ukan da a.S. (sur.35).
varjiSi 3. moTamaSeebi dayofili arian sam kolonad (sur.36). #1
moTamaSe akeTebs cru moZraobas «a » moTamaSis win, burTs tarebis
Semdeg gadascems #4 moTamaSes da dgeba mis win damcvelis rolSi. « a »
moTamaSe dgeba #3 moTamaSis ukan, #4 akeTebs cru moZraobas da #7
moTamaSes awvdis burTs, ris Semdegac dgeba mis win,#1 moTamaSe dgeba
#6 moTamaSis ukan da a.S.
varjiSi 4. burTiani moTamaSe dgas karis moednis xazTan zurgiT
karisaken. mis ukan damcvelia. Tavdamsxmeli marcxniv akeTebs moZraobas,
romelsac damcvelic ahyveba, Semdeg uecrad ganagrZobs moZraobas
marjvniv da burTs tyorcnis karSi. ramdenime xnis Semdeg isini icvlian
adgilebs.
4.4. TamaSis teqnikuri xerxebi dacvaSi da varjiSebi
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xelburTSi dacvas iseTive didi mniSvneloba aqvs, rogorc
Tavdasxmas. rac unda Sedegianad iTamaSos gundma TavdasxmaSi, rac unda
bevri goli gaitanos mowinaaRmdegis karSi, Tu dacvaSi zustad da
Zlierad ar iTamaSa, Sedegi arasasurveli iqneba.
dacvaSi TamaSis upirveles amocanas warmoadgens sakuTari karis
dacva yvela saTamaSo wesis dacviT, mowinaaRmdegis organizebuli
TavdasxmisTvis xelis SeSla da burTis daufleba. am amocanis
Sesasruleblad damcvels unda SeeZlos moedanze swrafad gadaadgileba
mimarTulebisa da tempis swrafi cvliT. dacvis yvela moTamaSes unda
SeeZlos rogorc Tavdasxmeli moTamaSis, ise karSi natyorcni burTebis
blokireba.
dacvaSi TamaSis teqnika iyofa or ZiriTad nawilad: 1. gadaadgilebis
teqnika; 2. burTis dauflebisa da sawinaaRdego moqmedebis teqnika.
dgomi. damcvelis dgomi unda gansazRvravdes mis mzadyofnas
TavdasxmelisaTvis winaaRmdegobis gasawevad, risTvisac dgomi ZiriTadad
iseTi unda iyos, rogoric 37-e suraTzea naCvenebi.
damcvelis gadaadgilebis mimarTuleba damokidebulia Tavdasxmelis
moqmedebaze. xelburTSi damcveli mudmiv mzadyofnaSi unda iyos
Tavdasxmelis Sesaxvedrad, unda gadaadgildes moedanze midgmiTi
dabijebiT da sirbiliT win, ukan, marcxniv, marjvniv.
yvelaze ufro Znel pirobebSi gadaadgileba xdeba kombinirebuli
xerxiT : marcxniv _ ukan, marjvniv _ win, majvniv _ ukan da a.S.
varjiSebi gadaadgilebis Seswavla-srulyofisaTvis
varjiSi 1. jgufi ewyoba rigSi sxvadasxva dgomSi. gadaadgildebian
jer marcxniv midgomiTi nabijebiT da neli tempiT, Semdeg _ marjvniv.
varjiSi 2. jgufi gadaadgildeba kolonaSi midgomiTi nabijebiT win
da gverdze, sirbiliT, zurgiT win.
varjiSi 3. mTeli jgufi 1-2 wuTis ganmavlobaSi moedanze
gadaadgildeba nebismierad (marjvniv, marcxniv, win da ukan) midgomiTi
nabijebiT da sirbiliT.
varjiSi 4. TamaSi «daWerobana». jgufi iyofa or nawilad (#1 da #2
moTamaSeebad). Tavdapirvelad #1 moTamaSeebi iWeren #2 moTamaSeebs
(TavianT wyvilebSi), Semdeg rolebs Seicvlian. “dasaWer” moTamaSes ara
aqvs ufleba zurgi Seaqcios Tavis partniors.
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varjiSi 5. estafeta. moTamaSeebi iyofian gundebad (2-3 gundi),
dgebian karis xazTan. niSanze midgomiTi nabijebiT marcxena mxariT
gadaadgildebian moednis centramde, Semdeg _ centridan meore karamde _
sirbiliT zurgiT win, Seexebian kars da brundebian ukan, magram amjerad
_ centramde sirbiliT win, xolo centridan ki _ midgomiTi nabijebiT
marjvena mxariT da a.S.
sirbili, xtoma, SeCereba, Semobruneba igivea, rogorc TavdasxmaSi,
mxolod dacvaSi ufro xSiria xtoma or fexze. aq sirbili xSirad
saWiroa midgomiTi nabijebiT da zurgiT ukan.
burTis dauflebisa da sawinaaRmdego moqmedebis tqnika gulisxmobs
burTis CaWras, blokirebas, burTis moxsnas Tavdasxmelis xelidan.
a). burTis CaWra _ dacvis erT-erTi tqnikuri xerxia, romalesac
iyeneben damcvelebi, raTa xeli SeuSalon Tavdasxmelebs burTis
gadacemaSi. TamaSis dros damcvels Tavdasxmeli an gverdze hyavs, an win.
pirvel SemTxvevaSi damcveli gadadgams erT nabijs, meore
SemTxvevaSi ors. rodesac Tavdasxmeli dgas damcvelis marcxniv gverdze,
damcveli marcxniv odnav Sebrundeba, tani gadaxrili aqvs win, tanis
moZraobasTan erTad asrulebs vardnas marjvena fexiT win da ganze,
raTa CaWras burTi gadacemis dros. marcxena mxridan burTis CaWris
yvela SemTxvevaSi marcxena fexi sayrdenia, rac xels uwyobs damcvels
swrafad daubrundes sawyis mdgomareobas. Tu Tavdasxmelma gamoiyena
cru moZraoba, is gadadgams nabijs ukan marjvena fexiT.
burTis CaWris Sesaswavlad saWiroa Semdegi varjiSebi:
varjiSi 1. damcveli gamodis burTis CasaWrelad marcxena mxridan,
Tavdasxmeli asrulebs sust gadacemas.
varjiSi 2. igive marjvena mxridan.
varjiSi 3. 1-l da me-2 varjiSs asruleben gadacemis siZlieris
TanamimdevrobiTi momatebiT.
varjiSi 4. moTamaSeebi iyofian jgufebad. yovel jgufSi sam-sami
kacia. ori moTamaSe awvdis burTs erTmaneTs, mesame moTamaSe maT SuaSi
dgas da cdilobs CaWras gadacema, romeli motamaSis gadacemul burTsac
CaWris SuaSi mdgomi moTamaSe, is dgeba SuaSi da a.S.
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varjiSi 5. moTamaSeebi ewyobian or kolonad (sur .38).maT Soris
manZIli 6-7 metria. #1 da #5 moTamaSeebi gadascemen burTs erTmaneTs. #2
da #6 gamodian #1 da #5 moTamaSeebis ukan da cdiloben CaWran
gadacema. Tu maT es gamouvidaT, maSin #1 da #5 moTamaSeebi dgebian
kolonis boloSi da burTis CaWra ver moaxerxes, #1 da #5 moTamaSeebi
adgilze rCebian, xolo #2 da #6 _ dgebian kolonis boloSi da a.S.
b). blokireba. burTis karSi tyorcnis saSiSroebis Tavidan
asacileblad xelburTSi iyeneben blokirebas rogorc tyorcnis
dasafarad (xelebiT), ise moTamaSisaTvis gzis gadasaWrelad (taniT).
uburTo moTamaSis blokirebis dros damcveli gzas uRobavs
Tavdamsxmels taniT, xelebis dauxmareblad.
burTis blokirebas ZiriTadad axorcieleben ori xeliT, damcvelma
unda gansazRvros burTis mimarTuleba. burTs, romelic miemarTeba
maRla da wels zemoT, blokirebas ukeTeben xelebiT, Zirs
gadmotyorcnil burTs blokirebas ukeTeben fexebiT da xelebis
daxmarebiT(sur. 39-40, 41-42) .
g). burTis moxsnas mimarTaven maSin, rodesac Tavdamsxmels is
mWidrod ar uWiravs karSi tyorcnis momentSi. rac ufro mWidrod
Seexebian TiTebi burTs, miT ufro naklebia saSiSroeba imisa, rom
burTis nacvlad ar moxdes Tavdamsxmelis xelze Cavleba, rac
xelburTis TamaSis wesebiT kategoriulad akrZalulia, vinaidan mas
SeiZleba mohyves Tavdamsxmeli moTamaSis travma da aseve damcvelis
gaZeveba moednidan (sur.43).
4.5. mekaris TamaSis teqnika
xelburTSi mekareTa SerCevas da momzadebas didi mniSvneloba
eniWeba. mekares burTebis aReba da mogerieba uxdeba Zalze axlo
manZilidan, amitom aucilebelia mas axasiaTebdes reaqciis siswrafe,
moZraobis swori koordinacia, moqniloba, gamZleoba, kargi fizikuri
monacemebi.
mekaris TamaSis teqnikuri xerxebia: a) ZiriTadi dgomi; b) karSi
gadaadgileba; g) burTis daWera; d) burTis mogerieba xelebiT da
fexebiT.
a)ZiriTadi dgomi. mekare dgas karSi, fexebi odnav moxrili da
gaSlili aqvs mxrebis sigrZeze (20-30 sm), tani _ odnav win daxrili,
xelebi _ gaSlili (Runganmklavi)(sur.44).
rodesac Seteva mimdinareobs flagebidan, mekare Zelis axlos
Rebulobs iseT mdgomareobas, romelic 45-e, 46-e da 48-e suraTebzea
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naCvenebi. 47-e suraTze naCvenebia mekaris dgomi, rodesac is gamodis win,
riTac amcirebs tyorcnis kuTxesac da TiTqmis faravs kars (am
SemTxvevaSi Tavdamsxmeli cdilobs Tavze gadaugdos burTi mekares).
b)karSi gadaadgileba. imisaTvis, rom mekarem airCios saukeTeso
pozicia karSi, is gadaadgileba didi nabijebiT (midgomiTi nabijebiT
gverdze, win da ukan). gadaadgilebis dros fexebis maRla aweva an
naxtomi ar aris mizanSewonili imitom, rom mekare ver moaswrebs
reagirebas tyorcnaze.
g)burTis daWera SesaZlebeli xdeba maSin, rodesac tyorcna
Sesrulebulia sustad da mimarTulia pirdapir mekarisaken. burTs,
romelic dablaa gamotyorcnili an Zirs mogoravs, yovelTvis ori
xeliT iRebs (sur.49). Tu dabla natyorcni burTi moemarTeba gverdze
marjvena an marcxena mxres, saWiroa fexis gadadgma gverdiT, romelime
mxares.
d). burTis mogerieba xelebiT da fexebiT. Tavdamsxmelebi burTs
tyorcnian karis sxvadasxva kuTxeSi sxvadasxva mxares, misi xelSi
daWera Zalian Znelia da swored amitomaa, rom xelburTis mekareebi
ufro igerieben xolme burTs, vidre iWeren (sur.50). burTis mogerieba
SeiZleba rogorc xelebiT, ise fexebiT. fexiT burTs moigerieben,
rodesac is dabal kuTxeSi midis. mekare gadadgams grZel nabijs am
kuTxisaken, erTdroulad Slis da axmars xels, xelis guli mimarTuli
aqvs burTisaken (sur.51).
mekaris mier adgilis amorCeva damokidebulia imaze, Tu romel
mxaresaa burTi. kuTxeebidan tyorcnisas mekare karSi dgas Zelis
gverdiT. rogorc ki kuTxis moTamaSe burTs gadaawodebs Suamarbs an
centris moTamaSes, mekare maSinve gadaadgildeba misi mimarTulebiT.
mekaris upirvelesi amocanaa burTze yuradRebis gamaxvileba. is unda
akvirdebodes Tavdamsxmelis xelis moZraobas, erT wamsac ki ar
moadunos yuradReba, Torem gons mova maSin, roca burTs sakuTari
karidan gamoitans. mekare kars damcvelebTan erTad icavs, xSirad
akeTebs e.w. cru manevrebs, specialurad tovebs karis romelime mxares,
riTac SecdomaSi Sehyavs Tavdamsxmeli, romelic swored am mxares
tyorcnis burTs. mekare advilad iRebs burTs, radgan es mekaris mier
winaswar iyo Cafiqrebuli.
mekarisaTvis Znelia iseTi burTis mogerieba, romelsac xazis
moTamaSeebi 6-metris manZilidan tyorcnian vardnaSi. rogorc ki xazis
moTamaSe miiRebs burTs, mekare swrafad gamodis win karidan TiTqmis 3-4
metriT da amiT minimumamde amcirebs Tavdamsxmelis mier golis gatanis
SesaZleblobas. ufro gamocdili Tavdamsxmelebi aseT SemTxvevaSi Tavze
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gadaugdeben xolme burTs win gamosul mekares. mekare amisaTvis winaswar
unda iyos mzad da SeeZlos swrafad ukan dabruneba. aseTsave xerxs
mimarTavs mekare maSinac, rodesac Tavdamsxmelebi tyorcnian burTs
kuTxeebidan.
Svidmetriani sajarimos mosagerieblad mekareebi xSir SemTxvevaSi
karidan win gamodian 2-3 metriT. TamaSis wesebis Sesabamisab mekares
ufleba aqvs gaakeTos Semcdeni moZraoba.
mekares xSirad uwodeben dacvis xelmZRvanels, burjs. drouli
SeniSvnebiT igi afxizlebs damcvelebs, Tu isini wuTiT moaduneben
yuradRebas.
xelburTSi mekares ufleba aqvs iTamaSos, rogorc Tavdamsxmelma
(rac, Cveulebriv, xSiria). burTis aRebisTanave is kontrSetevis
organizatoria. garRvevaze gasul moTamaSes swored mekarem unda
miawodos burTi, rac xSirad karis aRebiT mTavrdeba. rodesac
partniorebi gadadian Setevaze, mekare adgils ikavebs 6-metriani zonis
win da iqidan adevnebs Tvalyurs maT moqmedebas. gamocdili mekare
bevrjer arRvevs mowinaaRmdege gundis kontrSetevas. rodesac misi gundi
awvdis kuTxurs, is adgils ikavebs moednis centrSi. Tu mowinaaRmdege
mimarTavs “presings” mTel moedanze, mekare, rogorc moednis moTamaSe,
ufro saWiro xdeba. yvela amCvevas mekare iZens sawvrTneli varjiSebis
dros. warmatebis misaRwevad mekare sawvrTnel TamaSebs xSirad atarebs,
rogorc moednis rigiTi moTamaSe.
mekaris momzadebis Taviseburebani da varjiSebi
saswavlo-sawvrTnel mecadineobaze mekarem unda gamoimuSaos
fizikuri Zala, siswrafe, gamZleoba, moqniloba da simarjve, aiTvisos
mekaris TamaSis teqnika da taqtika. man didi adgili unda dauTmos
tanvarjiSs da akrobatikas, mZleosnobas, kalaTburTs, frenburTs da
kross.
mekares umTavresad avarjiSeben kargi teqnikis mqone sxva
movarjiSeebTan erTad.
1. mekare dgas pirisaxiT karisken. moednis moTamaSe burTs
tyorcnis karSi. tyorcnasTan erTad mwvrTneli aZlevs niSans,
ris Semdegac mekare swrafad Semobrundeba da cdilobs aiRos
burTi. tyorcna xorcieldeba 8-10 metridan.
2. mekare dgas pirisaxiT kedelTan 2-3 metr manZilze. mis ukan
mwvrTnelia, romelic tyorcnis burTs kedelze. mekare
cdilobs aiRos kedlidan areknili burTi.
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3. mekare dgas karSi, mis win 3-4 metris manZilze ki mwvrTnelia,
romelic tyorcnis burTs xan marcxniv, xan marjvniv, yvela
kuTxeSi. mekarem swrafad unda aiRos burTi da pirdapir
xelebSi miawodos mwvrTnels. varjiSs asruleben swrafi
tempiT.
4. mekare wevs karebSi, mwvrTneli 2-3 metridan urtyams burTs
Zirs karisaken. mekare cdilobs woloTi mdgomareobidan
moigerios areklili burTi.
5. mekare gamodis karidan 3-4 metriT win. mwvrTneli burTs
ugdebs mas Tavs zemodan. mekare ixevs ukan da cdilobs
xtomiT moigerios is.
6. mekare dgeba kedelTan an kal;aTburTis farTan da tyorcnis
burTs maRla, kedlidan areknil burTs iRebs xtomiT da
daxtomis Semdeg kvlav imeorebs amas (30-40-jer).
7. mekare 2-3 metris manZilidan tyorcnis burTs kedlisken ise,
rom kedlidan areknil burTi daeces mis win. is cdilobs
gadaaxtes miwidan areknil burTs da bruniT daiWiros is.
8. mekare wevs saxiT kedlisken (1.5-2 metrze) da tyorcnis burTs.
is swrafad unda wamodges da daiWiros miwidan areknili
burTi.
9. mekare 4-5 metris manZilidan Zlier tyorcnis burTs
kedlisaken da cdilobs areknis Semdeg daiWiros is
(asruleben 20-30-jer).
10. mekare dgas zurgiT kedelTan, tyorcnis burTs Tavs zemodan
ukan, asrulebs bruns 5400-iT irgvliv da iWers burTs Zirs
dauSveblad (asruleben 20-30-jer orive mxares).
11. ori mekare dgas erTmaneTis pirispir da Zlier tyorcnis
erTmaneTs burTs sxvadasxva xerxiT. isini cdiloben daiWiron
natyorcni burTi (varjiSi grZeldeba 8-10 wuTi).
12. erTi mekare zis, meore 3-4 metris manZelidan burTs tyorcnis
ise, rom iatakidan asxletilma burTma Tavze gadauaros
mjdomare mekares. ukanaskneli swrafad unda wamoxtes da
aiRos burTi (imeoreben 30-35-jer).
13. mwvrTneli CogburTis CogniT sxvadasxva manZilidan sxvadasxva
mimarTulebiT urtyams CogburTis burTs mekares, romelic
cdilobs moigerios es dartymebi.
14. mekare dgas karebSi, mis win 4-5 metrze dgas ori moTamaSe
burTebiT xelSi. isini rigrigobiT tyorcnian burTebs karSi
maRal da dabal kuTxeebSi. mekare cdilobs daiWiros da
swrafad miawodos burTi xelSi moednis moTamaSes (asruleben
2-3-jer, 1.5-2 wuTSi).
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15. mekare TamaSobs, rogorc moednis moTamaSe ormxrivi TamaSis
dros.
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Tavi V
xelburTis TamaSis taqtika da taqtikuri momzadeba.
5.1. zogadi debulebebi
xelburTi 7:7 sportuli TamaSia, romelSic monawileobs ori
gundi. gundis SemadgenlobaSi 12 xelburTelia, romelTagan 7 ZiriTadi
moTamaSea (e.i. xelburTs TamaSoben 7-7 kaciT), 5 ki saTadarigo. 7
ZiriTadi moTamaSidan erTi mekarea, eqvsi ki moedanze TamaSobs. TamaSi
tardeba darbazSi an Ria moedanze (zomebi mocemulia 52-e suraTze).
xelburTis TamaSis dros moTamaSeTa Secvla SeiZleba
ganusazgvreli raodenobiT, saTamaSo drois yvela monakveTSi. rogorc
yvela sportuli TamaSi, mimdinareobs swrafi tempiT, xSirad icvleba
mdgomareoba rogorc erTi, ise meore karTan.
msajis sastvenisTanave TamaSs iwyeben centridan. Tavdamsxmelebi
(am SemTxvevaSi TavdamsxmelebSi igulisxmeba gundi, romelic flobs
burTs) cdiloben drois mcire monakveTSi miuaxlovdnen mowinaagmdegis
kars da gaitanon burTi. Gundi, romelic Setevis dros dakargavs burTs
an gaitans gols, maSinve brundeba ukan da icavs Tavisi karis
misadgomebs. Yyoveli gatanili golis Semdeg TamaSs iwyeben centridan.
xelburTSi yvela teqnikur xerxs – burTis tarebas, gadacemas,
tyorcnas – asruleben mxolod xeliT. mxolod mekares aqvs ufleba
iTamaSos tanis yvela nawiliT (isic mxolod maSin, roca mekaris
moedanzea). xelburTis TamaSis ZiriTadi moqmedebebia sirbili, xtoma,
SeCereba, bruni da tyorcna. maTi kargad Sesruleba xels uwyobs
xelburTis TamaSis srulyofas. mxedvelobaSi unda miviRoT is faqtic,
rom sirbili, xtoma, tyorcna da sxva, miekuTvneba iseTi moZraobebis
ricxvs, romlebic xels uwyobs organizmis yovelmxriv ganviTarebas.
taqtikuri momzadebis amocanebi. sportsmenis momzadebis procesSi
taqtikuri momzadebis ganxilvisas calke unda gamovyoT ori ZiriTadi
momenti: Teoriuli da praqtikuli.
Teoriuli momzadeba im saSualebebis gamoyenebas iTvaliswinebs,
romlebic saWiroa xelburTis damoukidebeli muSaobisaTvis, magaliTad,
TamaSis taqtikis Taviseburebebis Seswavla literaturuli wyaroebidan
an kinomasalidan, sakuTari dakvirvebebis ganzogadeba saswavlo-sawvrTno
procesisa da Sejibrebebis dros, xelburTis TamaSis wesebisa da
msajobis Taviseburebebis Seswavla da a.S.
xelburTelis yuradReba mimarTuli unda iyos taqtikaSi
momzadebis sakuTari gamocdilebisa da SejibrebebSi monawileobis
detaluri analizisken.
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sportsmenTa dRiurebis masalis analizi xels uwyobs taqtikuri
momzadebis TaviseburebaTa naklovanebaTa gansazRvras da momavlisTvis
maTi gamosworebis konkretuli gzebis dasaxvas.
xSir SemTxvevaSi rekomendirebulia daavalon moTamaSes damou-
kideblad Seadginos taqtikuri momzadebis individualuri gegma,
romelic aucileblad unda iqnas ganxiluli gundis krebaze da Semdeg
damtkicebuli mwvrTnelis mier.
taqtikuri momzadebis dros xelburTelebis winaSe dgas ramdenime
urTierTdakavSirebuli amocana:
1. reaqciis siswrafis, rTul saTamaSo situaciebSi orientirebis
Seswavla. sxvadasxva taqtikuri amocanis gadawyvetisadmi iniciativis
gamoCenis ganviTareba;
2. Tavdasxmis da dacvis dros individualuri moqmedebis da
ubralo jgufuri taqtikuri urTierTqmedebis Seswavla. ZiriTadi
gunduri moqmedebis Seswavla xelburTelTa saTamaSo ampluisa da
funqciebis gansazRvruli sqemis mixedbiT;
3. teqnikuri xerxebis racionaluri da efeqturi gamoyenebisaTvis
saWiro Cvevebis Camoyalibeba, taqtikuri moqmedebis Seswavla sakuTari
Zalisa da SesaZleblobebis gaTvaliswinebiT uSualod Sejibrebis
pirobebSi da mowinaaRmdegis Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT;
4. Sexvedris mimdinareobis procesSi taqtikuri variantis da
sistemis Secvla moedanze Seqmnili mdgomareobisa da situaciis
mixedviT.
pirvel or amocanas, rogorc wesi, wyveten xelburTis taqtikis
Seswavlis dasawyisSi, xolo danarCens _ taqtikis srulyofis
mravalwliani periodis ganmavlobaSi.
TamaSis taqtika moTamaSeTa individualuri, jgufuri da gunduri
moqmedebis formaa, romelic mimarTulia dasaxuli miznis
ganxorcielebisaken.
konkretul saTamaSo pirobebSi konkretul mowinaaRmdegesTan
TamaSis wayvanis xerxebis, saSualebebisa da formebis gansazRvra
taqtikis ZiriTadi amocanaa. TamaSis warmarTvis saSualebebs
ganekuTvneba yvela is teqnikuri xerxi, romelsac xelburTelebi iyeneben
Tavdasxmasa da dacvaSi TamaSis dros.
xelburTis TamaSisas yvela moqmedeba eqvemdebareba ori
umniSvnelovanesi taqtikuri amocanis gadaWras: 1. yvela winaaRmdegobis
gadalaxvas karis mimarTulebiT da golis gatanas; 2. sakuTari karis
dacvis uzrunvelyofas. orive amocana erTnairad mniSvnelovania, vinaidan
TamaSSi gamarjvebas gansazRvravs gatanili da miRebuli burTebis
sxvaoba.
moTamaSis unars, swrafad airCios brZolis saukeTeso saSualeba –
taqtikuri azrovneba ewodeba. taqtika xels uwyobs moTamaSeebs,
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karnaxobs maT, rogor moiqcnen ama Tu im situaciaSi. yovelive es ar
niSnavs, rom radgan arsebobs taqtika da raime gansakuTrebuli amocana,
moTamaSes ar SeuZlia gamoiCinos iniciativa. piriqiT, Tu romelime
saTamaSo situaciaSi taqtikis amocanas aqvs gagrZeleba, magram moTamaSe
sxva gadawyvetilebas iRebs da gaitans gols an uvnebelyofs Tavis kars,
es mis taqtikur azrovnebaze metyvelebs.
5.2. moTamaSeTa funqciebi
gundis moqmedebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani pirobaa moTamaSeTa
funqciebis ganawileba.
xelburTis moTamaSeebi Tavdamsxmelebic arian da damcvelebic,
magram funqciebis ganawilebis dros upiratesoba Tavdasxmas eniWeba.
moTamaSeebi funqciebis mixedviT iyofian: ukana xazisa
(romelTagan erTi gamTamaSebelia, ori ki - Suamarbi) da wina xazis
moTamaSeebad (erTi uSualod xazis moTamaSea, ori ki – kuTxis). yvela
moTamaSes Tavisi funqciebi aqvs TavdasxmaSi, magram es ar niSnavs, rom
Suamarbma unda iTamaSos marto Tavis adgilze, an xazis moTamaSem –
mxolod xazze. yvela xelburTeli damcvelic aris da Tavdamsxmelic,
amitom isini yvela zonaSi erTnairad unda TamaSobdnen. xelburTis
gunds hyavs karis daraji – mekare.
moTamaSeTa ganlagebas moedanze gansazRvraven TavdasxmaSi
gamoyenebuli sistemiT da mowinaaRmdegis dacvis mixedviT.
TavdasxmaSi moTamaSeebi ZiriTadad ganlagdebian ise, rogorc es 53-
e suraTzea naCvenebi. Aam SemTxvevaSi ganvixilavT, vis ra funqcia akisria
da moednis romeli nawilia misi samoqmedo are. suraTze Cans, rom
moTamaSeebi ganlagebuli arian or xazze. wina xazze dganan
xelburTelebi, romlebic moqmedeben 6-metriani xazis raionSi an
uSualod mis siaxloves, xolo Tavdasxmis ukana xazis moTamaSeebi
ganlagdebian da moqmedeben dacvis win karidan 9-14 metris manZilze.
Tavdasxmis wina xazi Sedgeba kuTxis ori da xazis erTi
moTamaSisagan, Tavdasxmis ukana xazi ki – ori Suamarbis da erTi
gamTamaSebeli moTamaSisagan. am moTamaSeebs uwodeben 9-metriani xazis
moTamaSeebs, anu Sori manZilidan mtyorcnelebs.
am ori xazis moTamaSeTa raodenoba SeiZleba Seicvalos Tavdasxmis
sistemis SecvlasTan dakavSirebiT. xSiria SemTxvevebi, rodesac gundi
TavdasxmaSi TamaSobs ori xazis moTamaSiT. maSin, cxadia, wina xazze
samis nacvlad oTxi moTamaSe iqneba, ukan ki – ori (sur. 54). Tavdasxmis
aseT sistemas ewodeba 2-4 (sur.54).
rogorc aRvniSneT, xelburTels unda hqondes mravalmxrivi
momzadeba, SeeZlos TamaSi yvela adgilas, sadac mwvrTneli daayenebs.
amitom wvrTnis procesSi yvelaferi es unda gaviTvaliswinoT da
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srulyofilad SevaswavloT is specifikuri saTamaSo moqmedeba, romelic
dakavSirebulia kuTxis, xazisa Tu Suamarbis TamaSTan.
kuTxis moTamaSeebi, rogorc wesi, swrafni arian. maT
kontrSetevebisaTvis iyeneben. kuTxis moTamaSeebi arian marjvena da
marcxena flangis. Tu moTamaSe caciaa, is TamaSobs Tavdasxmis marjvena
flangze, rac mas saSualebas aZlevs gazardos tyorcnis kuTxe. kuTxis
moTamaSe valdebulia flobdes karSi tyorcnis yvela xerxs: tyorcnas
xtomiT, vardniT, nabijebiT, axlo, Soreuli, maRal da dabal kuTxeebSi.
xazis moTamaSeebi moqmedeben uSualod 6-metrian xazze
damcvelebsSoris. maTi raodenoba (1-2 moTamaSe) damokidebulia
Tavdasxmisas TamaSis sistemaze. xazis moTamaSeebi maRali tanis da
fizikurad Zlierni, moZravni da marjveni arian, maT karSi tyorcna unda
Seasrulon drois mcire monakveTSi, burTis miRebisTanave, vinaidan
damcvelebi TavdamsxmelebTan Zalze axlos imyofebian da yoveli neli
moqmedeba minimumamde amcirebs Tavdamsxmelis SesaZleblobebs. xazis
moTamaSeebisgadaadgileba mTel zonaze an mis romelime nawilSi
damokidebulia Tavdasxmis sistemaze.
Suamarbi unda iyos maRali tanis, Zlieri, moqnili, kargad
flobdes burTis swrafi gadacemisa da karSi tyorcnis teknikas.
Soridan Zlieri tyorcniT isini aiZuleben damcvelebs gamovidnen win,
riTac aTavisufleben adgils xazis da kuTxis moTamaSeebis samoqmedod.
Suamarbis specifikuri xerxebi karSi tyorcnisTvi: tyorcna karSi
damcvelebs zemodan xtomiT, tyorcna jvaredini nabijis Semdeg, tyorcna
gadaxriT gverdze, tyorcna qvevidan, gverdidan. Suamarbebi agrTve
srulyofilad unda flobdnen burTis gadacemis teqnikas. Cveulebrivi
gdacemis garda arsebobs faruli gdacema, romelic aucilebelia
SuamarbisaTvis. aseTi gdacemebi Semdegi saxisaa: zurgs uknidan, Tavs
zemodan, xels qvemodan, fexebs qvemodan da moednidan arekvlili.
vinaidan Suamarbi Tavdasxmis dros mowinaaRmdegis karidan ufro
Sors imyofeba, burTis dakargvis SemTxvevaSi mas akisria yvelaze
sapasuxismgeblo movaleoba _ dabrundes saswrafod ukan mowinaaRmdege
gundis kontrSetevis CasaSlelad.
gamTamaSebeli unda flobdes yvela teqnikur-taqtikur xerxs. is
imyofeba moednis centrSi. Mmisi mizania droulad da zustad awvdides
burTs Suamarbebs, kuTxis da xazis moTamaSeebs. gamTamaSebel
moTamaSezea mTlianad damokidebuli im taqtikuri Canafiqris
ganxorcieleba, romelic konkretuli momentis an konkretuli matCisTvis
gundis winaSea dasaxuli.
mekareerT-erTi ZiriTadi figuraa. xelburTSi, fexburTisagan
gansxvavebiT, tyorcnis siZliere naklebia, magram gacilebiT ufro zusti
da moulodnelic.
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aqedan gamomdinare, mekareTa SerCevas da momzadebas xelburTSi
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceva. vinaidan xelburTis mekares umravles
SemTxvevaSi axlo manZilidan uxdeba burTebis mogerieba, misTvis
aucilebelia iseTi Tvisebebi rogoricaa: siswrafe, reaqcia, moZraobis
koordinacia, moqniloba, gamZleoba da, rac mTavaria kargi fizikuri
monacemebi. xelburTis mekareebad ZiriTadad irCeven sportsmenebs,
romelTa simaRle 190-195sm-ia. saukeTeso mekareebi iyvnen da umaRels
titulebs flobdnen mixeil iSenko (ssrk, 190 sm), kornel penu (rumineTi,
191 sm), viland Smidti (gdr, 189 sm), manfred hofmani (gfr, 191 sm) da sxva.
zemo aRniSnuli ar niSnavs, rom ufro dabali tanis moTamaSeebs ar
SeuZliaT mekareoba. cnobilia bevri SemTxveva, roca “dabali” mekareebi
brwyinavdnen sakavSiro Tu saerTaSoriso sarbielze (j. abaiSvili, i.
capenko, i. tomini da sxva.), magram isini dabali simaRlis kompensacias
axdendnen fizikuri da fsiqologiuri momzadebis maRali doniT.
rogorc aRvniSneT, xelburTis TamaSis yvela moqmedeba emyareba
ori ZiriTadi taqtikuri amocanis gadaWras – Tavdasxmasa da dacvaSi
TamaSis organizebas.
ganvixiloT TiToeuli cal-calke.
5.3. TavdasxmaSi TamaSis taqtika
TamaSis mimdinareobis procesSi Tavdasxma gundis ZiriTadi
funqciaa. Aaqtiuri SeteviTi moqmedebis saSualebiT gundi xelT igdebs
saTamaSo iniciativas da aiZulebs mowinaaRmdeges miiRos misTvis
sasargeblo taqtikuri gegma. Tavdamsxmeli gundis ZiriTadi mizania
burTis gatana mowinaaRmdegis karSi. Ggundma dasaxuli gegma (karSi
burTis gatana), rom ganaxorcielos, aucilebelia sworad gamoiyenos
zustad organizebuli, winaswar ganzraxuli da saukeTesod momzadebuli
taqtikuri svla, burTiT miuaxlovdes mowinaaRmdegis sajarimo xazs da
Seqmnas karSi tyorcnis (golis gatania) realuri SesaZlebloba.
Tavdasxmis taqtika iZleva imis saSualebas, rom sxvadasxva
mowinaaRmdegis mimarT, konkretul SemTxvevaSi, TamaSis sxvadasxva
momentSi gamoiyenos ufro Sesatyvisi, mizandasaxuli saSualebebi da
xerxebi gegmazomieri SetevisaTvis.
Tavdasxmisas yvela moqmedeba Tavisi xasiaTiT individualuri da
koleqtiuria. klasifikaciis Tanaxmad koleqtiuri moqmedeba iyofa
jgufur da gundur moqmedebad.
individualuri moqmedeba. individualur moqmedebaSi igulisxmeba
is xerxebi, romlebsac moTamaSe iyenebs TavdasxmaSi taqtikuri amocanis
gadasawyvetad.
Tavdasxmis individualuri taqtika xelburTelis mizandasaxuli
moqmedebaa, misi unari ramdenime saTamaSo situaciidan SearCios yvelaze
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realuri, ganTavisufldes mowinaaRmdegis meurveobisagan, Seqmnas
TavisTvis saukeTeso pirobebi karis asaRebad.
individualuri moqmedeba Tavdasxmisas mimdinareobs rogorc
uburTod, ise burTiT.
uburTod moqmedebas ganekuTvneba: mowinaaRmdegis meurveobisagan
ganTavisufleba (gaxsna), misi yuradRebis gadatana sakuTar Tavvze da
amiT ricxobrivi upiratesobis Seqmna moednis calkeul monakveTze.
uburTo moTamaSem, romelic irCevs saTamaSo pozicias, unda
daicvas Semdegi wesebi: a). Tavisi meurve (damcveli) hyavdes mudmiv
daZabulobaSi, gauZnelos mas dazRveva an burTis CaWra; b). airCios
moedanze iseTi pozicia, rom TavisTvis Seiqmnas karis aRebis saukeTeso
mdgomareoba, an aseTi mdgomareoba Seuqmnas Tavis partniors: g). ar
SeuSalos xeli burTian partniors, gauTavisuflos mas gza karisaken.
burTiT moqmedebaa: tareba, gadacema da miReba, tyorcna, cru
moZraoba.
rogorc Tavdasxmisas TamaSis taqtikis gansazRvris dros
avRniSneT, Tavdasxmis yvela moqmedeba individualuri da koleqtiuria,
xolo es ukanaskneli iyofa jgufur da gundur moqmedebad.
jgufuri moqmedeba. jgufuri moqmedeba ramodenime moTamaSis
erToblivi moqmedebaa, romelic gansxvavdeba Sesrulebis sxvadasxvaobiT
da mimarTulia dacvis winaRobis gadasalaxavad.
Uubralo jgufuri moqmedebaa or-sam moTamaSes Soris
urTierTmoqmedeba. Aam urTierTmoqmedebis mTavari mizania burTis
gadacema, romlis Sesrulebis xarisxze bevrad aris damokidebuli
gundis warmateba.
Jgufuri moqmedeba praqtikulad sruldeba kombinaciis formiT,
romelsac swavloben winaswar an qmnian TamaSis msvlelobisas moedanze
viTarebis Sesabamisad. aseTi taqtikuri kombinaciis warmatebiT
Sesruleba mTlianadaa damokidebuli moTamaSeTa moqmedebasa da
urTierTgagebaze. rodesac gundi gadadis dacvidan Tavdasxmaze, gadacema
xorcieldeba or-sam moTamaSes Soris xan adgilebis Seucvlelad, xan ki
adgilebis SecvliT.
jgufuri moqmedebis Seswavla da srulyofa
ramodenime Tavdamsxmelis urTierTqmedebas Seiswavlian imis mere,
rodesac maT gamoumuSavdebaT individualuri moqmedebis Cvevebi. jer
aswavlian kombinacias ori, Semdeg sami, oTxi moTamaSisaTvis da a.S.
burTis gadacema wyvilebSi. am ubralo kombinaciis arsi aseTia:
Tavdamsxmeli, romelic flobs burTs, damcvelTan Sexvedris dros
awvdis mas Tavis partniors. burTis gadacemis momentidan damcveli
adunebs yuradrebas uburTod darCenili Tavdamsxmelis mimarT, riTac es
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ukanaskneli sargeblobs – gaurbis gverdze damcvels da xelmeored
iRebs burTs. Kkombinacia mTavrdeba ori-sami gadacemis Semdeg da
moTamaSe karis aRebisaTvis saukeTeso adgils irCevs.
isari. am kombinacias ufro metad iyeneben ukana xazis moTamaSeebi.
sawyis mdgomareobaSi: samive moTamaSe imyofeba Tavisufali tyorcnis
xazs ukan. am kombinaciis warmateba damokidebulia moTamaSeTa
gadaadgilebis erTdroulobaze, siswrafesa da burTis gadacemis
sizusteze. pirvelad burTs miiRebs #2 moTamaSe, romelic didi
siswrafiT burTianad Sedis Tavisufali tyorcnis zonaSi da akeTebs
karSi tyorcnis imitacias. tyorcnisaTvis gaqnevis momentSi uknidan
gamorbis #4 moTamaSe da miiRebs burTs, 1-2 nabijis gadadgmis Semdeg
isev akeTebs karSi tyorcnis imitacias. am momentSi #4 moTamaSis zurgs
ukan mirbis #3 moTamaSe, romelic miiRebs burTs. #4 da #2 moTamaSeebi
cdiloben gza gadauRobon damcvelebs (bloki), riTac #3 moTamaSes
saSualeba eZleva Tavisuflad tyorcnos burTi karSi (sur.55).
samkuTxedies kombinacia umTavresad xorcieldeba flangebze
centris erT-erTi moTamaSis monawileobiT. rodesac burTi aqvs Suamarbs
(#2 moTamaSe), kuTxis moTamaSe #4 akeTebs swraf garbens “derefanSi”. is
cdilobs rac SeiZleba axlos mivides karis moedanTan, sadac as safars
ukeTebs xazis moTamaSe #3. am momentSi Suamarbi #2 gadaawodebs burTs
kuTxis moTmamaSes da midis mis adgilas kuTxeSi (sur.56). Tu kuTxis
moTamaSem ver Seasrula karSi tyorcna, is burTis tarebiT gamodis
gareT da ikavebs Suamarbis adgils. amis Semdeg iwyeba kombinaciis meore
etapi. Suamarbi – moTamaSe #2 – gamodis kuTxidan da iWers adgils
Tavisufali tyorcnis xazs gareT, Semdeg asrulebs swraf garbens
centrisaken. am dros kuTxis moTamaSe #4 burTs awvdis Suamarbs da
TviTon midis win xazis moTamaSisaken, romelTanac erTad bloks ukeTebs
dacvas. moTamaSe #2 didi siCqariT axlos midis karis moednis xazTan da
xtomiT tyorcnis burTs (sur.57).
gunduri moqmedeba. xelburTSi moTamaSeebi TavianT gundur
moqmedebas Setevis dros axorcieleben ori sistemiT: 1. swrafi
garRveviT; 2. Ppoziciuri TavdasxmiT (sistemebi).
ganvixiloT TiToeuli calcalke.
swrafi garRveva miznad isaxvs gamoiyenos mowinaaRmdegis is
droebiTi, araorganizebuli dacva, romelic iqmneba burTis dakargvis
dros. amisaTvis swrafi garRveva saWiroa maSinve, roca damcveli an
mekare aiRebs burTs. swrafi garRveva SeiZleba ganxorcieldes erTi
grZeli gadacemiT da ramodenime gadacemiT wyvilebsa an sameulebSi,
rodesac centridan an kuTxeebidan uteven mowinaaRmdegis kars.
yvelaze ubralo da efeqturi swrafi garRvevaa grZeli gadacema
mekaris an romelime moTamaSis mier. magaliTad, natyorcni burTi aiRo
mekarem, is swrafad ixedeba win, sadac garRvevaze gadis ramodenime
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moTamaSe, da zustad gadaawodebs burTs saukeTeso mdgomareobaSi myof
moTamaSes. Aam SemTxvevaSi moTamaSe ar unda iyos Zalze Sors, radgan
burTi SeiZleba CaWras mowinaaRmdegis mekarem.
gundi akeTebs agreTve garRvevas (mokle garRvevas) mokle
gadacemiT, romelsac asrulebs ramodenime moTamaSe. rodesac burTs
miiRebs kuTxis moTamaSe, romelic mTeli siswrafiT moeqaneba win, mis
gverdiT centrSi garbis meore moTamaSe, kidev gverdze mesame (kuTxis
moTamaSe), e.i. pirvel mwkrivSi erTdroulad garRvevazea sami
xelburTeli. darCenili sami moTamaSe imave TanmimdevrobiT meore
mwkrivSi garbis. rodesac wina xazzea 4 moTamaSe, ukan rCeba ori,
romlebic mihyvebian maT. swrafi garRveva Sedgeba sami
urTierTdamokidebuli fazisgan: 1. Ddacvidan Tavdasxmaze gadasvla: 2.
moedanze manevrireba; 3. Setevis dagvirgvineba. samive fazas aqvs Tavisi
mizanSewonili formebi moTamaSeTa taqtikur urTierTqmedebaSi. swraf
garRvevas axasiaTebs ubraloeba da Sesrulebis sizuste. Yyovelive es,
rogorc wesi, agebulia gadacemasa da karTan gasvlaze.
swrafi garRveva Cveulebriv mTavrdeba, rodesac Tavdamsxmelebs
aqvT ricxobrivi upiratesoba damcvelebze. magaliTad, Setevaze ori
Tavdamsxmelia da maT win mxolod erTi damcveli. erT-erT Tavdamsxmels
(romelic flobs burTs) damcvelis yuradReba gdaaqvs Tavis Tavze
(miiwevs karisaken an akeTebs karSi tyorcnis imitacias, damcveli
iZulebulia mas xeli SeuSalos). Aam dros meore Tavdamsxmeli gadis
Tavisufal adgilas, iRebs burTs da amTavrebs garRvevas karSi
tyorcniT. Tu sami Tavdamsxmeli moqmedebs ori damcvelis winaaRmdeg,
golis gatanis SesaZlebloba matulobs. erTi Tavdamsxmeli (burTiani)
zonaSi aqtiuri SesvliT orive mcvelis yuradRebas iqcevs, xolo
rodesac erTi romelime damcveli win gamova, burTs gadascemen
Tavisufal adgilze gasul romelime Tavdamsxmels.
magram xSirad swrafi garRvevis dros ar xerxdeba ricxobrivi
upiratesobis Seqmna. amisaTvis Tavdamsxmelebi mzad unda iyon da
ricxobrivi Tanabrobis SemTxvevaSi swrafi gadawyvetileba miiRon. am
dros gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs moedanze gadaadgilebas
adgilebis SenacvlebiT. adgilebis cvla xels uwyobs damcvelebis
yuradRebis modunebas da burTian Tavdamsxmels saSvalebas aZlevs
airCios xelsayreli adgili burTis miRebisa da tyorcnisTvis.
swrafi garRveva mofiqrebuli moqmedebebis kompleqsia, risTvisac
aucilebelia fizikuri da taqtikuri momzadebis maRali done. siswrafe
da, ganaskuTrebiT, gamZleoba swrafi garRvevis mniSvnelovani
faqtorebia.
didi mniSvneloba aqvs agreTve teqnikuri ostatobis dones. swrafi
garRveva efeqturia maSin, rodesac yoveli moTamaSe maqsimalur
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siswrafeze uSecdomod SeZlebs burTis daWeras, gadacemas, tarebas da
karSi zustad tyorcnas.
swrafi garRvevis Seswavla da srulyofa. swrafi garRvevis
Seswavla iwyeba misi arsisa da mniSvnelobis gacnobidan. moqmedebis
siswrafe gadamwyveti faqtoria swrafi garRvevis dros warmatebis
misaRwevad. amisaTvis Seswavla iwyeba ori moTamaSis moqmedebiT. Ppirvel
rigSi saWiroa grZeli gadacemebis aTviseba, magaliTad, erTi moTamaSe
axorcielebs garRvevas, meore ki _ 15-20 metris garbenis Semdeg awvdis
mas burTs. Semdeg mimdinareobs wyvilebSi burTis gadacema da karSi
tyorcna.
mogvyavs savarjiSo magaliTebi, romelTa gamoyeneba swrafi
garRvevis asaTvisebladaa saWiro:
1. mekare awvdis burTs Tavisi gundis #1 moTamaSes (sur. 58), es
ukanaskneli ki - #2 moTamaSes. tarebis Semdeg is asrulebs tyorcnas
karSi, romelsac icavs meore mekare. Semdeg es ukanaskneli awvdis burTs
#11 moTamaSes, romelic imaves asrulebs meore karSi da a.S. e.i. Tu
jgufSi 12 moTamaSea (maTgan 2 mekare), erTkarSi dgeba 5 moTamaSe,
meoresTanac -5;
2. burTis gadacema wyvilebSi da karSi tyorcna (neli sirbiliT);
3. burTis gadacema sam Tavdamsxmels Soris erTi an ori damcvelis
winaaRmdeg;
4. TamaSi cal karSi (3X3, 4X4 da a.S.). rodesac mwvrTneli aZlevs
niSans, garRveva xdeba meore karisaken (niSans aZlevs maSin, rodesac
Tavdasxma kargavs burTs an mekare aiRebs mis mier natyorcn burTs).
ZiriTadi urTierTmoqmedeba Tavdasxmis dros
taqtikuri kombinacia Tavdasxmisas ori an ramdenime moTamaSis
moqmedebaa, rac gulisxmobs maT gadaadgilebas moedanze, cru moZraobis
Sesrulebas da erTmaneTisTvis burTis miwodebas gansazRvruli
TanmimdevrobiT.
kuTxis moTamaSis urTierTqmedeba xazis moTamaSesTan
kuTxis moTamSe 9-metrian xazTan miiRebs burTs da tarebiT midis
Tavis flangze 6-metriani xazisaken, mas mihyveba damcvelic. Tu
SesaZlebelia, kuTxis moTamaSe awvdis burTs xazis moTamaSes, romelic
tyorcnis burTs karSi. (sur. 59).
xazis moTamaSis urTierTqmedeba SuamarbTan
Tu Tavdamsxmelebi Seqmnian ricxobriv upiratesobas, maSin
kombinaciis warmateba damokidebulia fintebis siswrafesa da
SeTanxmebulobaze, xazis moTamSis gadaadgilebisas da pirveli
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gadacemis sizusteze. Suamarbi, romelic miiRebs burTs, akeTebs karSi
tyorcnis imitacias, riTic xazis moTamaSis meurves aiZulebs yuradReba
masze gadaitanos. Aam dros xazis moTamaSe gverdze gadis, iRebs burTs
da tyorcnis karSi (sur. 60).
Suamarbebis urTirTqmedeba kuTxis moTamaSeebTan
ganlageba am SemTxvevaSi iseTivea, rogorc zemoT aRvwereT. Tu
damcveli, romelic meurveobs kuTxis moTamaSes, cdilobs ”Caketos”
xazis moTamaSe, Suamarbi awvdis burTs kuTxis moTamaSes, risTvisac
iyenebs gadacemas zurgs uknidan an pirdapir, mxolod swrafad. kuTxis
moTamaSe iWers burTs da tyorcnis karSi (sur. 61).
xazis moTamaSis urTierTqmedeba kuTxis moTamaSesTan
kuTxis moTamaSis Carbeni. kuTxis moTamaSe awvdis burTs Suamarbs
da garbis centrisken zonis pararelurad, isev iRebs burTs da awvdis
xazis moTamaSes. kuTxis moTamaSis moZraobasTan erTad ”ixsneba” xazis
moTamaSe, romelic gadaadgildeba damcvelis mimarTulebiT (im
damcvelis mimarTulebiT, romelic icavda kuTxis moTamaSes) da
Semobrundeba misken zurgiT. rogorc ki xazis moTamaSe daiWers burTs
tyorcnis karSi.
poziciuri Tavdasxma (TamaSis sistemebi)
Setevas, romelic xorcieldeba im gundis mimarT, romlis
moTamaSeebmac moaswres dacvaSi dabruneba, poziciuri Tavdasxma ewodeba.
poziciuri Tavdasxmisas gamoiyofa ori faza: 1. Mmomzadebis faza; 2.
ricxobrivi upiratesobis Seqmna da Setevis damTavreba.
pirvel fazaSi moTamaSeebi ikaveben TavianT poziciebs da
emzadebian Semdgomi moqmedebisaTvis.
meore fazaSi sruldeba moTamaSeTa urTierTqmedeba, romelic
gegmiT iyo gaTvaliswinebuli. zonuri dacvis winaaRmdeg xelburTSi
arsebobs ori sistema: 4:2 da 3:3. amaTgan yvelaze ufro gavrcelebulia
TavdamsxmelTa ganlageba 3:3. aseT ganlagebaSi monawileobs kuTxis 2
moTamaSe (marjvena da marcxena), xazis erTi moTamaSe sami Suamarbi. 4:2
ganlagebis Tavisebureba ise aris, rom xazis erTi moTamaSis nacvlad
oria da, cxadia, Suamarbic oria.
Tavdasxmisas Seteva xorcieldeba sxvadasxva sistemiT.
1. Seteva xazis moTamaSeebiT gamoyenebulia dacvis yvela sistemis
winaaRmdeg. xazis moTamaSed irCeven fizikurad Zlier xelburTels,
romelsac damcvelis mkacri winaaRmdegobebis miuxedavad, SeuZlia
droze ganTavisufldes, miiRos burTi da tyorcnos karSi. xazis
moTamaSis ZiriTadi amocanaa miiRos burTi mosaxerxebel mdgomareobaSi
da tyorcnos karSi. xazis moTamaSe yovelTvis Setevis mimarTulebiT
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manevrirebs. igi CarTulia 9-metriani sajarimos gaTamaSebaSi, Suamarbebi
mas awvdian burTs, TviTon ki iswrafvian karisaken. xazis moTamaSe burTs
ubrunebs isev mas an meore Suamarbs da TviTon ikavebs Tavis adgils
xazze (eZebs ufro Tavisufal da mosaxerxebel adgils).
xazis or moTamaSes gundi iyenebs im SemTxvevaSi, Tu damcveli
gundis moTamaSeebi win arian waweuli, an maSin, rodesac TavdamsxmelTa
gunds ricxobrivi upiratesoba aqvs.
2. Seteva yvela moTamaSis SeTanxmebuli gadaadgilebiT poziciuri
Tavdasxmis yvelaze efeqturi xerxia. Seteva SeiZleba gamoiyenon dacvis
yvela sistemis winaaRmdeg. am Setevis yvelaze gavrcelebuli variantebia:
“rviani”, “talRa”, “kuTxeebis cvla” da sxva.
ganvixiloT TiToeuli cal-calke.
“rviani”. rogorc saxelwodeba gviCvenebs moTamaSeTa gadaadgileba
xdeba rvianisebri formiT (sur. 62). burTs umetes SemTxvevaSi gadascemen
centrSi, sadac kuTxeebidan gamodian moTamaSeebi.Oori moTamaSe Cadgeba
marcxena mxares (erTi _ kuTxeSi, meore _ odnav centrisken), ori
moTamaSe _ marjvena mxares, ori ki ukan ikavebs adgils. burTi aqvs #2
moTamaSes, is awvdis mas #3 moTamaSes da garbis #6 moTamaSis adgilze.
amave dros #4 moTamaSe ikavebs #2 moTamaSis adgils da #3 moTamaSe,
romelic utevs kars, awvdis burTs mas. #3 moTamaSe garbis #5 moTamaSis
adgilze, mis adgils ki ikavebs #7 moTamaSe da a.S. aucilebeli ar aris
burTis gadacema mxolod am xerxiT. Tu Tavdamsxmelma SeamCnia, rom
xazze myofi romelime moTamaSe Tavisufalia, mas awvdis burTs.
”talRa”. Aam sistemis arsi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom Tavdasxmis xuTi
moTamaSe rigrigobiT utevs mowinaaRmdegis kars da damcvelTan
miaxloebisas swrafad awvdis burTs gverdze myof Tanagundels, TviTon
ki midis xazTan da akavebs damcvels (sur. 63). moZraoba da gadacema
mimdinareobs swrafi tempiT. #1 moTamaSe akeTebs karSi xtomiT tyorcnis
imitacias da awvdis burTs #2 moTamaSes, is midis cru tyorcnaze da
awvdis burTs #3 moTamaSes da a.S. kombinacias amTavrebs is moTamaSe,
romelic karis aRebisTvis ufro xelsayrel mdgomareobaSi miiRebs
burTs.
xSiria SemTxveva, rodesac Tavdamsxmelis Sesaxvedrad win gamodian
damcvelebi. Aam SemTxvevaSi Tavdamsxmeli burTs awvdis xazis moTamaSes.
”kuTxeebis cvla”. Aam SemTxvevaSi gadaadgildeba mxolod oTxi
moTamaSe, ori rCeba Suamarbis poziciaze da elodeba SetevaSi Cabmis
SemTxvevas. kuTxis moTamaSeebi icvlian adgilebs. rodesac kuTxis erT-
erTi moTamaSe, magaliTad, #4 gamodis Tavis adgilidan, meore moTamaSe,
#6, miiRebs burTs #2 moTamaSisgan da awvdis mas #4 moTamaSes. am
ukanasknelis moZraoba iwyeba im momantidan, ridesac burTs miiRebs #2
moTamaSe. es mas saSualebas aZlevs advilad moscildes damcvels.
kombinaciis kargad dasruleba damokidebulia #6 da #4 moTamaSeebis
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sizusteze. Tu burTs karSi ar tyorcnian, mas gadascemen #3 moTamaSes,
romelic awvdis meore flangze #7 moTamaSes. #5 moTamaSe ganagrZobs
kombinacias, ucvlis adgils #4 moTamaSes da gadis mis adgilze, sadac
mas adgils uTmobs sawyis mdgomareobaSi dabrunebuli #6 moTamaSe.
kombinacias imeoreben gadamwyvet tyorcnamde an sxva moqmedebaze
gadasvliT. Aam kombinaciis Sesrulebisas ukana xazis romelime moTamaSe
(#2 an #3) SeiZleba gamoiyenon xazze moTamaSed. is ar monawileobs
adgilebis Secvlaze, magram aqtiurad exmareba kuTxis moTamaSeebs da #7
da #6 moTamaSeebs, romlebsac uqmnis karis aRebis SesaZleblobas (sur
64).
Tavdasxma organizebuli dacvis winaaRmdeg
1. moTamaSe #7 gadascems burTs #4-s da midis win da marjvniv. #4
moTamaSe, Tavis mxriv, awvdis burTs #6-s. es ukanaskneli, miiRebs ra
burTs, swrafi tarebiT miiwevs win marjvena flangze. Aam dros #3
moTamaSe gadis marcxniv da blokirebas ukeTabs uaxloes damcvels. Aam
moqmedebebTan erTad #4 moTamaSe iwyebs moZraobas da midis marjvena
flangisken #3 moTamaSis ukan. Ggadaadgilebis dros #6 moTamaSe iRebs
gadawyvetilebas situaciis mixedviT: agrZelebs svlas karisken da
tyorcnis burTs karSi, an awvdis mas #4 moTamaSes. Tu es ver moxerxda,
igi awvdis burTs #7 moTamaSes, romelic centrSi dgas da iwyeba
Setevis axali varianti (sur. 65).
2. moTamaSe #7 awvdis burTs #4 moTamaSes da gadis win mekaris
moednisaken. #4 moTamaSe awvdis burTs #8-s da gadis win da marjvniv.
#8 moTamaSe burTis swrafi tarebiT miiwevs win da cdilobs tyorcnos
burTi karSi. amave momentSi moTamaSe #5 iwyebs swraf moZraobas win da
marjvniv. #8 moTamaSe iRebs gadawyvetilebas situaciis mixedviT: TviTon
tyorcnis burTs karSi an awvdis mas #4 an #6 moTamaSes (sur. 66).
3. moTamaSe #7 awvdis burTs #4 moTamaSes, is ki #6-s. am momentSi
#3 moZraobs karis gaswvriv 9-metriani xazis siaxloves, iRebs burTs #6
moTamaSisgan da awvdis mas #7-s. rogorc ki #3 moTamaSe gadaawvdis
burTs #7-s, igi agrZelebs moZraobas marcxena flangze da uyenebs
bloks kuTxis damcvels. Aam dros #7 moTamaSe awvdis burTs #8-s, #4
moTamaSe ki gadaadgildeba mekaris moednis marcxena mxares da
blokirebas ukeTebs centraluri zonis mcvels. miiRebs ra burTs, #8
moTamaSe swrafi tarebiT midis win. #5 moTamaSe am dros gadis win da
marjvniv #3 moTamaSis ukan. #8 moTamaSe gadaadgilebis dros iRebs
gadawyvetilebas situaciis mixedviT: awvdis burTs #5, #4 an #7
moTamaSes (sur. 67).
4. #7 moTamaSe awvdis burTs #4 moTamaSes. am dros #3 moTamaSe
iwyebs gadaadgilebas marcxena flangze mekaris moednis xazis gaswvriv.
burTi TanmimdevrobiT gadaecema #6, #7 da #8 moTamaSes. #8 moTamaSe,
miiRebs ra burTs, swrafi tarebiT miiwevs karis mimarTulebiT, #7
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moTamaSe Caiwevs odnav marcxniv, #5 moTamaSe ki swrafad gadis marjvniv
mekaris moednis xazisken. #8 moTamaSe iRebs gadawyvetilebas situaciis
mixedviT: TviTon tyorcnis burTs karSi an awvdis mas #3 #5, an #7
moTamaSes (sur. 68).
5. #8 moTamaSe awvdis burTs #7-s, romelic, Tavis mxriv,
gadaawodebs mas #4 moTamaSes da misgan ukan iRebs burTs. #4 moTamaSe,
awvdis ra burTs #7-s, bloks uyenebs damcvels, romelic personalurad
meurveobs #6 Tavdamsxmels. Ees ukanaskneli, rogorc ki
ganTavisufldeba damcvelis meurveobisagan, swrafad miiwevs win da
marcxniv da iRebs burTs #7 moTamaSisagan. Aam dros #4 moTamaSe midis
win mekaris moednis xazisaken, #7 moTamaSe ki moZraobs marcxniv #6-is
paralelurad. #6 moTamaSe gadaadgilebis momentSi iRebs
gadawyvetilebas situaciis mixedviT: TviTon tyorcnis burTs an awvdis
mas #7, #4 an #8 moTamaSes (sur. 69).
6. #7 moTamaSe awvdis burTs #4-s, es ukanaskneli ki _ #5
moTamaSes. gadaawodebs ra burTs, #4 moTamaSe bliks uyenebs im
damcvels, romelic personalurad meurveobs #8 Tavdamsxmels. rogorc
ki ganTavisufldeba damcvelis meurveobisagan, #8 moTamaSe swrafad
gadaadgildeba win da iRebs burTs #5 moTamaSisagan. Aam momentSi #4
moTamaSe miiwevs mekaris moednisaken marcxena Suamarbis zonaSi. #5
moTamaSec gadaadgildeba marcxniv. miiRebs ra burTs, #8 moTamaSe iRebs
gadawyvetilebas situaciis mixedviT: TviTon tyorcnis burTs karSi an
awvdis mas #5 #4, an #7 moTamaSes(sur. 70).
7. moTamaSe #7 awvdis burTs #8-s, is ki swrafad -#6-s. am momentSi
moTamaSe #7 iwyebs gadaadgilebas marcxena flangze 6-metriani xazis
gaswvriv, raTa bloki dauyenos kuTxis damcvels. cota mogvianebiT
moTamaSe #3 gadis marcxena mxares da bloks uyenebs dacvis mesame
moTamaSes. moTamaSe #5 gadaadgildeba marjvena flangze da Sedis
kuTxis zonaSi. #6 miiRebs ra burTs, miiwevs win karisaken da iRebs
gadawyvetilebas situaciis Sesabamisad: TviTon tyorcnis burTs karSi an
awvdis mas #5, #4 an #8 moTamaSes, romelic moZraobs centrisaken (sur.
71).
8. moTamaSe #5 awvdis burTs #8-s. burTis miRebis Semdeg #8
moTamaSe iwyebs swraf gadaadgilebas win. Aam momentSi #4 moTamaSe
gadis marcxena flangze mekaris moednis xazis gaswvriv da uyenebs
bloks kuTxis damcvels. moTamaSe #5, rogorc ki ganTavisufldeba
damcvelis meurveobisagan, swrafad gadis mekaris moednis xazisaken, #7
ki moZraobs karis mimarTulebiT. moTamaSe #8 iRebs gadawyvetilebas
situaciis mixedviT: utevs kars da tyorcnis burTs karSi an awvdis mas
#5 an #6 moTamaSes(sur. 72).
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5.4. dacvaSi TamaSis taqtika
HGFDGDFHHHGHGGOGHHGGHGDGF
burTis dakargvisTanave Tavdamsxmeli gundi gadadis dacvaze.
damcveli gundis moTamaSeebs faqtiurad dasaxuli aqvT ori amocana: 1.
xeli SeuSalon Tavdamsxmelebs golis gatanaSi da 2. waarTvan
mowinaaRmdeges burTi. xelburTSi samnairi dacvaa: 1. personaluri; 2.
zonuri; 3. Sereuli.
ganvixiloT TiToeuli cal-calke.
personaluri dacvis dros Gyvela moTamaSe Tavdamsxmelebs iWers
saTiTaod, damcveli ganuwyvetliv uSlis xels Tavdamsxmelebs burTis
tarebaSi, gadacemaSi, miRebasa da karSi tyorcnaSi.
personaluri dacva SeiZleba gamoiyenonGTavdasxmis yvela
taqtikuri sistemis winaaRmdeg. aseTi dacva arRvevs yovelgvar
kombinacias. Ppersonaluri dacva ufro metad gamoyenebulia Tavisufali
gdebis zonis axlos (10-12 metri karidan) moednis sakuTar naxevarze da
mTel moedanze. Ppersonaluri dacvis dros yvela moTamaSes aqvs
moqmedebis Tavisi seqtori. rogorc aRvniSneT, personaluri dacva
xorcieldeba karidan 10-12 metris daSorebiT. Tu Tavdamsxmeli gavida
romelime damcvelis samoqmedo zonidan, es ukanaskneli “miacilebs” mas
Tavis partnioramde. rodesac damcveli darwmundeba, rom misma amxanagma
Tavdamsxmeli “aiyvana” meTvalyureobis qveS, is amoqmeddeba im
Tavdamsxmelis winaaRmdeg, romelic mis samoqmedo seqtorSia.
mxedvelobaSia misaRebi, rom damcvelTa samoqmedo seqtorebi dadgenili
ar aris, isini yovelTvis moZravia.
personaluri dacvis dros damcvels SeuZlia moednis yvela mxares
gahyves Tavdamsxmels ise, rom igi ar ”gadaabaros” Tavis partniors.
Tu gundis moTamaSeebs SeuZliaT personaluri dacvis kargad
organizeba, maSasadame, ZaluZT kargaT Seasrulon zonuri da Sereuli
dacva.
zonuri dacva Tavis principiT Zalze gansxvavdeba personaluri
dacvisgan.FTu personaluri dacvis dros mTel yuradRebas uTmoben
Tavdamsxmels da mis moqmedebas, zonuri dacvisas yuradReba
gamaxvilebulia burTze.
zonuri dacvisas damcvelebi yovelTvis pirisaxiT arian burTisken.
dacvis mizania uzrunvelyos karSi tyorcnis blokireba. amisaTvis
moTamaSeebis ganlageba, maTi urTierTqmedeba da amocanebi winaswaraa
gansazRvruli.
zonuri dacvis dros moTamaSeebi dgebian erT an or xazad. Aaqedan
gamomdinare, zonur dacvas uwodeben: a). zonur dacvas 6-0; b). zonur
dacvas 5-1; g) zonur dacvas 4-2.
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zonuri dacva 6-0 gamoyenebulia iseTi gundis winaaRmdeg, romlis
moTamaSeebi ar floben karSi Sori manZilidan Zlieri tyorcnis unars
da ar iyeneben maRal xtomas karSi tyorcnisaTvis.
pirveli varianti – “moTamaSe moTamaSis pirdapir”. zonuri dacvis
aseTi variantis SemTxvevaSi eqvsive moTamaSe ganlagebulia mekaris
moednis xazis gaswvriv (sur. 74). Yyoveli moTamaSis amocanaa xeli
SeuSalos mis win mdgom Tavdamsxmels karSi burTis tyorcnaSi.
moTamaSeebi SeZlebisdagvarad gadadian erTmaneTis dazRvevaze.
Tu am variantiT dacvis dros TavdamsxmelTa romelime moTamaSe
dgeba xazze, damcvelTa erT-erTi moTamaSe gadadis masTan da piradad
meurveobs mas. Aam ukanasknels “gadaabareben” partniors maSin, rodesac
danarCeni Tavdamsxmelebi axorcieleben gadajgufebas romelime flangze.
meore varianti – “ormagi bloki”. Aam variantSi moTamaSeebi ufro
axlos dganan erTmaneTTan, kuTxis damcvelebi ar Cadian Rrmad
kuTxisken. damcvelebi ise moZraoben TavianT partniorebTan erTad, rom
yoveli saSiSroebis dros (romelsac mowinaaRmdege qmnis) erTdroulad
orma damcvelma Seqmnas bloki.DTu Tavdasxmis romelime moTamaSe dadga
xazze, damcvelebi burTs gadascemen erTmaneTs “gakvriT” ise, rom aman
xeli ar SeuSalos maT gadaadgilebaSi ormagi blokis Sesaqmnelad. amiT
isini xazze mdgom Tavdamsxmels uqmnian iseT pirobebs, rom is didxans
ver Cerdeba xazze. aseTi saxis dacva xelsayrelia da dadebiT Sedegs
iZleva uZlieres gundebTan TamaSis drosac ki.
mesame varianti – “gamosvliT”.Ysawyisi ganlageba iseTivea, rogoric
meore variantSi.
damcvelis mTavari amocanaa win gasvla (rodesac Tavdamsxmeli
burTiT gadis karis aRebis saxifaTo Tavisufali tyorcnis zonaSi). Aam
dros danarCeni damcvelebi miiweven ganTavisuflebuli adgilisaken,
avseben mas da gadadian amxanagis dazRvevaze. rodesac Tavdamsxmeli
saSiSi aRar aris, (gadaawodebs burTs sxvas an burTis tarebiT daixevs
ukan), damcveli brundeba ukan, danarCenebi ki isev ikaveben TavianT
adgils. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac erTi Tavdamsxmeli gadaawodebs burTs,
Tavisufali tyorcnis zonaSi Sedis meore Tavdamsxmeli (romelmac miiRo
burTi). Mmis Sesaxvedrad meored gadis damcveli. Ddacvis danarCeni
moTamaSeebi avseben mis adgils da a.S. maSasadame, erTi damcvelis win
gasvla, dabruneba da danarCenebis gadaadgileba erTdroulad xdeba.
zonuri dacva 5-1. xuTi damcveli Tanabar manZilze ikavebs adgils
mekaris moednis xazis gaswvriv, meeqvse damcveli ki gadis win
Tavisufali tyorcnis xazze da mis centrSi ikavebs adgls. wina moTamaSe
moZravi, gamocdili da gamZle unda iyos, vinaidan asrulebs Zalze
rTul, did samuSaos. is utevs yvelaGTavdamsxmels, romelsac burTi
xelT Cauvardeba, xels uSlis kombinaciis Catarebas. centrSi meore
xazis moTamaSeebi (romlebic mekaris moednis xazTan dganan) Tvalyurs
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adevneben burTis moZraobas da moqmedeben ise, rogorc zemoT aRniSnuli
variantis SemTxvevaSi (“moTamaSe moTamaSis win” an “ormagi bloki”) (sur.
75).
zonuri dacva 4-2.FmoTamaSeebi or xazad ewyobian. oTxi damcveli
ikavebs adgils mekaris moednis xazis gaswvriv, ori ki gamodis win
Tavisufali tyorcnis xazTan. TiToeuli maTgani moqmedebs ise, rogorc
zonuri dacva 5-1-is SemTxvevaSi. Ees ori wina moTamaSe praqtikulad
Tavis funqciebs asrulebs mekaris moednis xazsa da Tavisufali
tyorcnis xazs Soris (erTi-ori metriT SeiZleba gamovidnen Tavisufali
tyorcnis zonidan). es dacva gamoiyeneba im gundis winaaRmdeg, romlis
moTamaSeebs SeuZliaT Sori manZilidan Zlierad tyorcna (sur. 76).
SereuliaiseTi dacva, romlis drosac moTamaSeTa erTi nawili
TamaSobs personaluri dacvis principiT, xolo meore _ zonuri dacvis
principiT.
Sereuli dacvis ZiriTadi amocanaa mowinaaRmdegis uZlieresi
Tavdamsxmelebis izolireba, maTi moqmedebis SezRudva.
im moTamaSeTa moqmedeba, romlebic TamaSoben personaluri dacvis
principiT, winaswar aris SemuSavebuli mwvrTnelis mier. mwvrTneli
aZlevs davalebas mcvels yovel TamaSSi. Zlieri Tavdamsxmelis
winaaRmdeg, bunebrivia, Zlierma mcvelma unda iTamaSos.
Sereuli dacvis yvelaze ufro gavrcelebuli variantebia 5-1 da
4-2.
Sereuli dacva 5-1. am variantiT 5 moTamaSe (damcveli) Tanabar
manZilze ikavebs adgils mekaris moednis xazis gaswvriv, meeqvse
damcveli ki gadis win da personalurad iyvans mowinaaRmdegis uZlieres
Tavdamsxmels. Ufro xSirad es Tavdamsxmeli gundis yvelaze Sedegiani
da Zlieri mtyorcnelia Sori manZilidan. mcveli am moTamaSes moednis
yovel nawilSi dahyveba. Tu Tavdamsxmeli moscilda mekaris moednis
xazs 10-12 metriT Tavisi karisaken, mizanSewonilia damcveli ar gahyves
mas da daexmaros zonaSi myof damcvelebs, magram, rogorc ki is
miuaxlovdeba mekaris moednis xazs 3-5 metris manZilze, damcveli maSinve
gadadis masze da kvlav personalurad “iWers”, danarCeni xuTi moTamaSe
ki TamaSobs zonuri dacvis 6-0 variantiT. Sereuli dacvis es varianti
gamoyenebulia maSin, rodesac mowinaaRmdegis gundSi Zalze Zlierad
TamaSobs erTi Tavdamsxmeli da erTi moTamaSea gundis koleqtiuri
moqmedebis iniciatori (sur. 77).
Sereuli dacva 4-2. moTamaSeTa ganlageba igivea, rac zonuri dacva
4-2-is dros, gansxvavebulia mxolod wina xazis ori moTamaSis TamaSi.
Sereuli dacvis es ori moTamaSe “mimagrebulia” mowinaaRmdegis or
uZlieres Tavdamsxmelze da personalurad meurveobs maT. damcvelTa
personaluri moqmedeba iseTivea, rogorc Sereuli dacvisas 5-1. danarCeni
oTxi damcveli TamaSobs zonuri dacvis principiT. es oTxeuli unda
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gamoirCeodes didi moZraobiT. sasurvelia maTi moZraobamaqsimalurad
miuaxlovdes zonuri dacvis 6-0 (“ormagi blokis”) variants. Sereuli
dacva 4-2 gamoyenebulia mowinaaRmdegis ori uZlieresi Tavdamsxmelis
gasaneitraleblad da taqtikuri variantebis CasaSlelad (sur. 78).
5.5. gundis xelmZRvaneloba Sejibrebis dros
sportul TamaSebSi, kerZod ki xelburTSi, warmatebis miRweva
bevrad aris damokidebuli gundis unarian xelmZRvanelobaze. xSiria
SemTxvevebi, roca unariani, azriani xelmZRvanelobis Sedegad erTi
SedarebiT ufro susti gundi amarcxebs ufro Zlier, gamocdil
mowinaaRmdeges. mwvrTnelis arasworma Carevam, moTamaSeTa arasworma
Secvlam an sxvadasxva gaumarTlebelma gadawyvetilebam ki piriqiT,
SeiZleba wagebamde miiyvanos gundi.
Sejibrebebis mimdinareobis procesSi arCeven gundis operatiul da
strategiul xelmZRvanelobas.
operatiuli xelmZRvaneloba gulisxmobs uaxloesi kalendaruli
TamaSisaTvis gundis momzadebas, xolo strategiuli _ xelmZRvanelobas
mTeli Sejibrebis periodSi.
operetiuli xelmZRvaneloba niSnavs gundis momzadebas
TamaSisaTvis, saerTo xelmZRvanelobas TamaSis mimdinareobis procesSi,
Sedegebis Sejamebas. momzadebis programa, Tavis mxriv, iTvaliswinebs
uSualo mowinaaRmdegis Seswavlas da Sexvedris Catarebis pirobebs,
TamaSis gegmis Sedgenas.
mowinaaRmdege gundis Sesaswavlad aucilebelia misi TamaSis naxva
(kargi iqneba, Tu amis saSualeba TviT gundis moTamaSeebsac miecemaT,
raTa daakvirdnen konkretul moTamaSes, romlis winaaRmdegac mouwevT
brZola), yvela saWiro informaciis Segroveba (Seswavlili unda iyos
mowinaaRmdege gundis teqnikuri oqmi, saWiroa gasaubreba imasTan, visac
unaxavs mowinaaRmdege gundis TamaSi, videoCanaweris naxva, wina wlebis
Sedegebis analizi da sxva).
mowinaaRmdegis Seswavlis Semdeg mwvrTneli azustebs gundis
ZiriTad Semadgenlobas da adgens savaraudo cvlilebebis gegmas, saxavs
gundis TamaSis taqtikur sqemas rogorc Tavdasxmis, ise dacvis dros.
gegmis Sedgenisas mwvrTnelma unda gaiTvaliswinos mowinaaRmdegis susti
da Zlieri mxareebi, daupirispiros mas Tavisi gundis realuri
SesaZleblobebi, daazustos, ra gzebiT da saSualebebiT SeiZleba
dasaxuli gegmis realizeba. mwvrTnelma mis mier SemuSavebuli saTamaSo
gegma unda gaacnos gundis wevrebs TamaSis win Catarebul krebaze.
TamaSiswina krebaze mwvrTneli valdebulia Seaxsenos gundis
wevrebs saturniro mdgomareoba da Sexvedris mniSvneloba. aqve igi
axasiaTebs mowinaaRmdege gunds da mis calkeul wevrebs, aRniSnavs maT
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Zlier da sust mxareebs. mwvrTneli krebaze acxadebs sastarto
Semadgenlobas da Secvlis savaraudo variantebs, gundis wevrebs uxsnis
saTamaSo sistemebs dacvasa da TavdasxmaSi, calkeul saTamaSo
situaciebs (ricxobriv upiratesobasa da umciresobaSi yofna, swrafi
garRveva, poziciuri Seteva, piradi da zonuri dacva) da bolos,
mwvrTneli miuTiTebs organizaciul sakiTxebze (saTamaSo formaze,
disciplinaze, rogori TanmimdevrobiT da ra adgilidan unda gavidnen
moTamaSeebi saTamaSo moedanze da a.S.).
aucilebelia gundis mTliani Semadgenloba gamocxaddes TamaSis
adgilas TamaSamde araugvianes erTi saaTiT adre. erTi romelime
moTamaSis dagvianeba iwvevs gundis sxva wevrebis nerviulobas. ar aris
rekomendebuli, rom moTamaSeebi ramdenime saaTiT adre mividnen
Sejibrebis adgilas da uyuron sxva kalendarul TamaSs. es iwvevs
arasasurvel aRgznebas, romelmac SeiZleba Semdgom uaryofiTi gavlena
moaxdinos TamaSis xarisxze. moTamaSeebma sportuli forma unda Caicvan
auCqareblad, dinjad, guldasmiT gasinjon da moirgon sportuli
kostumi da fexsacmeli. TamaSis dawyebamde 20-25 wuTiT adre gundi mzad
unda iyos da organizebulad Seudges moTelvas.
sworad warmarTul moTelvas didi mniSvneloba eniWeba. igi rom
produqtiuli iyos, mwvrTnelebi valdebuli arian gaacnon moTamaSeebs
programa, romelic SemuSavebulia saswavlo-sawvrTno mecadineobebze.
mwvrTneli valdebulia TamaSis dawyebis win erTxel kidev mokled
auxsnas moTamaSeebs TamaSSi dasaxuli ZiriTadi amocana da misi
warmarTvis gegma.
orTabrZolis mTeli saTamaSo dro pirobiTad SeiZleba davyoT sam
fazad: dawyeba, mimdinareoba da damTavreba. es sami faza orive taims
axasiaTebs. faza ganapirobebs gundis TamaSis warmarTvis xasiaTsa da
xelmZRvanelobas.
TamaSis dawyebis xasiaTi damokidebulia moaspareze gundebis
ZalTa Tanafardobaze da imaze, Tu ramdenad icnoben isini erTmaneTs. Tu
mowinaaRmdege gundi ucnobia, saWiroa Sexvedris pirveli wuTebi mis
Seswavlas daeTmos. am mizniT TamaSi unda daiwyos neli tempiT. ZiriTadi
aqcenti gadatanil unda iqnas dacvaze, Tavdasxmisas ki yoveli tyorcna
karSi zusti unda iyos.
Tu gundi nacnobia, TamaSis dawyeba Tavidanve saWiroa swrafi
tempiT, raTa dasawyisSive xelT igdon iniciativa. am miznis misaRwevad
gundebi xSir SemTxvevaSi Zalze azartulni xdebian, maqsimalur
siswrafes aviTareben, rasac qaosur TamaSamde mivyavarT, xSirdeba
uzusto gadacemebi da karSi tyorcna. am SemTxvevaSi aucilebelia
TamaSis tempis Secvla, raTa moTamaSeTa urTierTqmedeba normalur
pirobebSi warimarTos. TanabarZaliani gundebis Sexvedra xSirad
aragegmazomierad mimdinareobs, rac gamowveulia TamaSis mimdinareobis
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procesSi situaciis cvalebadobiT (TamaSis warmarTvis gegmis efeqturi
SecvliT, moTamaSeTa gamarTlebuli SecvliT, daRliT da a.S.).
Tu Sexvedris mimdinareobis procesSi miaRweven garkveul
upiratesobas da Seiqmneba imis SesaZlebloba, rom met Sedegs miaRwion,
gundma yvela Rone unda ixmaros angariSis gazrdisaTvis, raTa
uzrunvelyos gatanili da miRebuli burTebis sxvaoba. xolo Tu
upiratesoba aqva mowinaaRmdege gunds, saWiroa TamaSis
gegmisradikalurad Secvla da yvela dasaSvebi saSualebis gamoyeneba
mowinaaRmdegis SeteviTi potencialis maqsimalurad daqveiTebisaTvis.
TamaSis pirveli naxevris dasasruls ganixilaven rogorc
saSualedo finiSs. gundi, romelic Sesvenebaze midis qulaTa soliduri
maragiT, igebs ara marto angariSSi, aramed moraluradac.
xelburTSi TanabarZaliani gundebis Sexvedris dros
SesvenebisaTvis gankuTvnil aTwuTian monakveTs zogjer gadamwyveti
mniSvneloba aqvs maTi warmatebisTvis. didia mwvrTnelis roli
Sesvenebis racionalurad gamoyenebaSi. man kategoriulad unda
aukrZalos moTamaSeebs yovelgvari laparaki TamaSis Sesaxeb (miT umetes
dauSvebelia kamaTi da SeniSvnebi). sasurvelia Sesvenebisas gundi
gaiyvanon saTamaSo moednidan. Sesvenebis pirveli xuTi wuTi gundma unda
dauTmos kunTebis maqsimalur modunebas, damSvidebas (SeiZleba pirSi
wylis gamovleba, piris dabana da gamSraleba, maisuris gamocvla). bolo
xuT wuTSi mwvrTnelma mSvidad, xmis auwevlad unda gaaanalizos
Sexvedris pirveli naxevari da gunds misces konkretuli miTiTebani
meore naxevrisaTvis. Tu gundi Sesvenebaze wavida qulebis sakmao
maragiT, mwvrTnelma moTamaSeebs unda Caagonos, rom ar SeiZleba TamaSis
tempis Seneleba, moduneba, rom saWiroa ganagrZon TamaSi ise, rogorc
pirvel naxevarSi da Seqmnan gatanili da miRebuli burTebis sagrZnobi
sxvaoba, romelic Semdeg SeiZleba gadamwyveti gaxdes adgilebis
ganawilebaSi.
TamaSis pirvel naxevarSi gundis wageba ar unda iqnas aRqmuli
tragediad. aseT situaciaSi gansakuTrebiT didia mwvrTnelis roli.
gunds Tanadgoma sWirdeba. mwvrTnelma auRelveblad, dinjad unda
gaaanalizos Sexvedris pirveli naxevari da misces moTamaSeebs
konkretuli davaleba meore taimisaTvis.
mwvrTnelma ise unda gaanawilos Sesvenebis dro, rom sastarto
Svideuli 30-40 wamiT adre ukve mzad iyos moedanze gasasvlelad. aseve
winaswar unda ganisazRvros, rogori SemadgenlobiT daamTavrebs gundi
Sexvedras.
gundis operatiuli xelmZRvanelobisaTvis mwvrTnelma unarianad,
droulad unda ganaxorcielos moTamaSeTa Secvla. rogorc viciT,
xelburTSi TamaSis mimdinareobis procesSi moTamaSeTa Secvla
daSvebulia ganusazRvreli raodenobiT. amitom mwvrTnelma
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gamosacvlelsac da moedanze gamsvlelsac konkretuli davaleba unda
misces uSualod Sexvedris mimdinareobis dros.
xelburTSi moTamaSeTa Secvla sxvadasxva mizeziT xdeba (arian
xelburTelebi, romlebic dacvaSi ukeT TamaSoben, amitom isini
TavdasxmaSi sxvas uTmoben dgils). Sexvedris bolo wuTebze, rodesac
gundi didi upiratesobiT igebs, mwvrTnels saSualeba eZleva ZiriTadi
Svideulis moTamaSeebi daasvenos da maT nacvlad saTadarigoni
gamoiyvanos. xSirad gundis moTamaSeTa Secvla nakarnaxevia
mowinaaRmdege gundis moqmedebiT. Tu maT sastarto SvideulTan wamyvani
xelburTelebi gamohyavT dasvenebis mizniT, aseve SeiZleba moiqces
mowinaaRmdege mxarec, daasvenos wamyvani moTamaSeebi.
gamoricxuli ar aris, rom moTamaSeTa Secvlis dros mwvrTnelma
dauSvas Secdoma. aris SemTxveva, roca mekare gauSvebs iol burTs, an
damcveli dauSvebs martiv situaciaSi uxeS Secdomas, rac gunds miRebul
golad ujdeba, an Tavdamsxmeli ver gamoiyenebs karis aRebis realur
SesaZleblobas. aseT SemTxvevaSi zogierTi mwvrTneli saswrafod iRebs
naCqarev gadawyvetilebas, cvlis am moTamaSeebs, sayveduriT avsebs maT.
es yovlad dauSvebelia. mwvrTnelis aseTi moqmedeba uaryofiT gavlenas
axdens rogorc gamocdil moTamaSeze, ise mTlianad gundze. gamocdili
moTamaSis nacvlad gasul xelburTelsac SiSis grZnoba eufleba.
mwvrTnelis sul mcire Secdomac ki aqveiTebs moTamaSis aqtiurobas da
sakuTari SesaZleblobebis rwmenas ukargavs.
moTamaSis gamocvla ganxilul unda iqnas ara rogorc dasja da
undobloba, aramed misi damsaxurebuli ufleba daisvenos, an ubralod,
misi amxanagis TamaSSi CarTvis meti mizanSewoniloba.
moTamaSeTa qceva uSualod TamaSis mimdinareobis procesSi,
moedanze organizebuli gasvla da aseve organizebuli gamosvla
moednidan mwvrTnelis aRmzrdelobiTi muSaobis erT-erTi ZiriTadi
maCvenebelia.
Tu gundma romelime konkretul SemTxvevaSi miaRwia gamarjvebas,
mwvrTneli valdebulia miulocos es warmateba mis TiToeul wevrs da
usurvos Semdgomi warmatebebi. wagebis SemTxvevaSi mwvrTneli movalea
gaamxnevos moTamaSeebi, mouwodos maT, rom gaiTvaliswinon damarcxebis
mizezebi da ufro mondomebulad Caataron Semdegi TamaSi.
sportul TamaSebSi, kerZod ki xelburTSi, didi mniSvneloba aqvs
gundis mier Catarebuli TamaSis garCevas (sasurvelia, meore dRes). misi
CatarebisaTvis mwvrTneli sagangebod unda moemzados (gaaanalizos
Tavisi Canawerebi, TamaSis teqnikuri oqmi, videoCanaweri da Seadaros is
TamaSis win dasaxul gegmas).
Cveulebriv, TamaSis garCeva Semdegi TanmimdevrobiT xdeba: a).
mTlianad gundis da calkeuli moTamaSeebis damokidebuleba
Sexvedrisadmi (qceva, disciplina, pasuxismgebloba, mizandasaxuloba); b).
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mTavari taqtikuri amocanis Sesrulebis xarisxi, dacvasa da TavdasxmaSi
gundis moqmedebis gaanalizeba; g). individualuri davalebebis
Sesrulebis gaanalizeba; d). calkeuli moTamaSeebisa da mTlianad
gundis teqnikuri maCveneblebis gamocxadeba da maTi Sedareba gegmiT
gaTvaliswinebul davalebebTan.
TamaSis garCeva mTavrdeba saerTo daskvniT da Semdgomi amocanebis
gansazRvriT. aucilebelia TamaSis garCevas daeswros gundis rogorc
ZiriTadi , ise saTadarigo Semadgenloba.
rogorc aRvniSneT, gundis operatiuli da strategiuli
xelmZRvanelobisaTvis rekomendebulia Canawerebi, romlebSic aisaxeba
calkeuli moTamaSeebis moqmedeba. uSualod Sejibrebis procesSi
moTamaSeTa saTamaSo moqmedebis sistematuri Cawera mwvrTnels
saSualebas aZlevs sruli warmodgena Seiqmnas calkeuli moTamaSeebis
teqnikur-taqtikur SesaZleblobebze da sawvrTno mecadineobebisas meti
dro dauTmos CanawerebiT gamovlenili teqnikuri da taqtikuri
Secdomebis gamosworebas. arsebobs TamaSebis Caweris sxvadasxva forma:
aRweriTi, sqematuri da pirobiTi (Tu gunds aqvs saSualeba, ufro
efeqturia videoCanaweri).
TamaSis msvlelobis dros rekomendebulia daafiqsiron Semdegi
maCveneblebi: burTis Sedegiani da uSedego tyorcna, gadacemis sizuste,
burTis dakargva, burTis CaWra, sagole gadacema, swrafi garRveva,
mekaris TamaSi. Tu TamaSis Caweras meore mwvrTnelic axorcielebs,
SeiZleba sxva maCveneblebis Cawerac (tyorcnis adgili da manZili,
poziciuri Tavdasxmisa da swrafi garRvevis efeqturoba). miRebuli
informaciis safuZvelze mwvrTneli SeimuSavebs saswavlo-sawvrTno sa
saSejibro muSaobis reJims.
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Tavi VI
fizikuri momzadeba
6.1. zogadi debuleba
fizikuri momzadeba sportuli wvrTnis ganuyofeli nawilia, romlis
uSualo mizania xelburTelTa janmrTelobis ganmtkiceba, organizmis
swori zrda-ganviTarebis uzrunvelyofa da sportsmenTa yovelmxrivi
fizikuri ganviTarebis maRali donis miRweva.
xelburTis ganviTarebis Tanamedrove done, sawvrTno datvirTvis
maRali intensivoba da moculoba did moTxovnebs uyenebs fizikur
momzadebas.
fizikuri momzadeba icvleba movarjiSeTa asakis, maTi
momzadebulobis donis, wvrTnis etapebisa da amocanebis Sesabamisad. igi
aucilebelia rogorc damwyebi, ise maRali rangis xelburTelebisaTvis.
fizikur momzadebaSi arCeven saerTo (saerTo fizikuri momzadeba) da specialur (specialui fizikuri momzadebis) mimarTulebebs.
xelburTis saerTo fizikuri momzadeba mimarTulia fizikuri
fizikuri SesaZleblobebis mravalmxrivi ganviTarebisken, rac
yovelmxriv xels uwyobs da ganapirobebs warmatebas sportul
saqmianobaSi.
saerTo fizikur momzadebas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs
xelburTelebis sportuli srulyofis pirveldawyebiT etapze. man unda
aamaRlos xelburTelis organizmis funqciuri SesaZleblobebis saerTo
done, Seuwyos gamZleobis, Zalismieri, swraflZalismieri, siCqariseuli
da koordinaciuli unarianobis ganviTarebas. amisaTvis gamoyenebulia
saerTo ganmaviTarebel varjiSTa mravali konmpleqsi da varjiSebi
sportis sxva saxeobebidan (Zalosnoba, mZleosnoba, tanvarjiSi,
sportuli TamaSebi, curva da sxva). xelburTelis saerTo fizikuri
momzadeba specialuri programiT xorcieldeba. unda aRvniSnoT, rom
saerTo fizikuri momzadebis varjiSebis SerCeva, maTi dozireba da sxva,
yovelTvis erTnairi ar aris. varjiSebi ise unda SearCion, rom maTi
gavlena organizmze uzrunvelyofdes mis momzadebas xelburTSi
sportuli srulyofisaTvis. saerTo fizikuri momzadebis varjiSTa
SerCeva emsaxureba fizikuri Tvisebebis ganviTarebas.
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6.2. Zalis ganviTareba
sportuli wvrTnis Tanamedrove Teoria Zalas miiCnevs sportsmenis
erT-erT yvelaze aucilebel Tvisebad.
Zalis ganviTarebis saSualebebia gaZlierebuli winaaRmdegobis
Zalismieri varjiSebi. winaaRmdegobis bunebidan gamomdinare, Zalismieri
varjiSebi SeiZleba davyoT or jgufad (l.p.matveevi): 1. varjiSebi,
romlebiTac xorcieldeba gareTa winaaRmdegobis daZleva (gareTa
winaaRmdegobad, Cveulebriv iyeneben iaraRis wonas, Tanagundelis
winaaRmdegobas, drekadi sxeulebis winaaRmdegobas, gareSe pirebis
winaaRmdegobas _ siarulsa da sirbils silaSi, TovlSi); 2. varjiSebi,
romelTa dros xdeba sakuTari wonis daZleva (gamoyenebulia iseTi
varjiSebic, romlebSic sakuTari sxeulis woniT damZimebas emateba
gareSe sagnebis wona).
varjiSebi Zalis ganviTarebisaTvis
a). saerTo ganmaviTarebeli varjiSebi:
1. sxvadasxvagvari Cajdomi;
2. varjiSebi muclis kunTebisTvis, mwoliare mdgomareobidan
gamarTuli fexebis aweva maRla, Tavis ukan da Zirs daSveba.
“velosipedi”, fexebis aweva 450-iT, fexebis gaSla da SeerTeba;
3. dgomidan daxtoma xelebze;
4. Tavyira, xelyira;
b). varjiSebi tanvarjiSul iaraRebze:
1. bagirze asvla xelebisa da fexebis daxmarebiT;
2. bagirze asvla fexebis dauxmareblad;
3. bagirze asvla kuTxiT;
4. RerZze mizidva;
5. varjiSi orZelze (mklavebze daSveba da gamarTva);
6. tanvarjiSul kedelze kidi, muxlebis atana mkerdis simaRleze;
7. tanvarjiSul kedelze kididan gamarTuli fexebis atana 900-iT
(Tavamde).
g) varjiSebi StangiT:
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1. Stangis akvra (20-50 kg);
2. Stangis aweva mkerdis simaRleze da Zirs daSveba;
3. Stangis gadagdeba Tavs ukan;
4. Cajdomi StangiT (Stangis wona 30-50 kg);
5. woliTi mdgomareobidan Stangis aWimva da akvra;
6. tanis triali marjvniv da marcxniv (Stanga mxrebzea dadebuli);
7. StangiT mxrebze winzneqi;
8. ori tanvarjiSuli skami dgas paralelurad mxrebis siganeze, maT
Soris raime mZime sagania (magaliTad, giri). movarjiSe akeTebs Cajdoms,
xeliT wvdeba mZime sagans da masTan erTad ramodenimejer asrulebs
swraf axtoms zemarTiT.
d) datenili burTiT varjiSi.
1. burTis Tavs zemoT agdeba; varjiSs asruleben xelebisa da xelis
mtevnebis aqtiuri moqmedebiT, sxeulis dauxmareblad;
2. burTis gdeba Tavs ukan (mtevnebi Sebrunebulia SigniT);
3. ganmklavSi erTi xelidan burTis meore xelSi gadagdeba;
4. gamarTuli xelebiT burTis Tavs uknidan gdeba mtevnebis aqtiuri
moqmedebiT;
5. igive varjiSi Tavs ukan xelebis Zlieri moxriT;
6. zetanis wriuli moZraoba;
7. qveomdan moxril mdgomareobaSi, sxeulis gaumarTavad burTis
gadagdeba TanamoTamaSisken;
8. burTis zamoT gdeba ori xeliT;
9. fexebs Sua burTis ukan gdeba;
10. burTis gdeba cali xeliT zemoT, pirdapir da gverdiT;
11. burTis ori xeliT gadacema Tavs zemoT (erTi metris simaRlemde)
an TanamoTamaSisaTvis gadacema;
specialuri Zalis ganviTareba
1. Sejibreba burTis tyorcnaSi (siSoreze) ;
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2. Zlieri tyorcna karSi erT-erTi mowinaaRmdegis xelis SeSliT,
romelic moqmedebs wesebis dacviT ;
3. Zlieri tyorcna karSi (seriebad 8-10 tyorcna);
4. burTis tyorcna mjdomare mdgomareobidan (siSoreze);
5. tyorcnis moZraobis Sesruleba, espanderis da rezinis
winaaRmdegobis gadalaxva.
TamaSebi da saTamaSo varjiSebi Zalis ganviTarebisTvis
saTamaSo varjiSebi Zalis ganviTarebisTvis
1. moTamaSeebi iyofian wyvilebad. pirveli nomrebi gadaaxtebian
meore nomrebs da sami-oTxi nabijis Semdeg ikaveben adgils
(welSi moxrilebi).Semdeg meore nomrebi axtebian maT da a.S.
varjiSs asruleben 2-3 wuTi.
2. wyvilebi dgebian 2-3 metris diametris wreebSi. maswavleblis
niSanze moTamaSeebi cdiloben mxris gakvriT gaaZeon wridan
Tavisi partniori. varjiSs asruleben 2-4 wuTi.
3. moedanze gaavleben or xazs erTmaneTidan 8 metris daSorebiT.
moTamaSeebi iyofian wyvilebad, erTmaneTs xelebs Caavleben da
cdiloben gaiyvanon xazidan partniori. varjiSs asruleben 2-4
wuTi.
4. wyvilebad ganlagebuli moTamaSeebi xelis kvriT cdiloben
wonasworobidan gamoiyvanon erTmaneTi. es varjiSi SeiZleba
Seasrulon Rrma CajdomiTac. varjiSs asruleben 1-2 wuTi.
5. moedanze Wadrakiseburad xazaven 30 sm diametris 10 wres,
romlebic 80-90 sm-iT aris daSorebuli erTmaneTisgan. moTamaSe
xan marjvena, xan marcxena fexze xtomiT SeuCereblad unda
gaiaros yvela wre ise, rom xazebs ar daadgas fexi. ramden
wresac gaivlis Seucdomlad, imdeni qula daericxeba. varjiSs
asruleben 4-6 wuTi.
6. moTamaSeebi ewyobian sam-oTx wred. TiToeuli wris SuaSi dgas
TamaSis wamyvani. igi rigrigobiT ugdebs burTs yvela moTamaSes,
xolo isini, Tavis mxriv, ukanve gadmougdeben burTs wamyvans.
miiRebs Tu ara burTs ukanaskneli moTamaSisagan, wamyvani mas
maRla aswevs. imarjvebs is gundi, romelsac naklebjer
dauvardeba burTi iatakze da adre daamTavrebs burTis gdebas.
7. xazaven didi zomis or xazs. Siga wreSi dgebian erTi gundis
moTamaSeebi, xolo gareTa wreSi meorisa. maswavleblis niSanze
moTamaSeebi cdiloben CaiTrion TavianT wreSi mowinaaRmdege.
imarjvebs is gundi, romelic mowinaaRmdegis met moTamaSes
CaiTrevs wreSi. ar SeiZleba wyvilis mier erTi moTamaSis
CaTreva.
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8. moTamaSes fexis terfebiT uWiravs tenili burTi (woniT 1-2 kg),
xteba maRla da cdilobs rac SeiZleba Sors gadaagdos igi.
Sejibreba mimdinareobs burTis Sors gadagdebaze.
moZravi TamaSebi Zalis ganviTarebisTvis
a. “mxtunavi beRurebi”. xazaven 15-20 metris diametris wres. es wre
“gubea”, sadac wylis dasalevad modian beRurebi, e.i.
moTamaSeebi. wamyvania “yvavi”, romelic wris centrSi imyofeba.
beRurebi wylis dasalevad modian wreSi Sextebian da Semdeg
gamoxtebian. “yvavi” cdilobs Cakortnos buRurebi (xeliT Seexos
maT), romlebic gubeSi daxtunaven. gubeSi xtunva mxolod cal
fexze SeiZleba. “Cakortnili beRura” gadaiqceva “yvavad” da
TamaSi grZeldeba.
b. “borcvebze xtoma”. erTmaneTis miyolebiT 3-4 kolonad miwaze 40-
50 sm daSorebiT moniSnulia patara wreebi _ “borcvebi”.
TiToeul kolonaSi 8-10 wrea. moTamaSeebi iyofian 3-4 jgufad da
dgebian kolonebad. kolonaSi win mdgomebi xtebian “borcvidan”
“borcvze” da cdiloben fexi ar Cakan “WaobSi”, e.i. borcvebs
Soris. mogebulia is moTamaSe, romelic zustad gadaxteba da ar
acdeba arcerT wrs. TamaSi mTavrdaba, roca yvela moTamaSe
miiRebs masSi monawileobas.
g.“mgeli ormoSi. moednis siganeze avleben or xazs
erTmaneTisgan 40-70 sm-is daSorebiT. es “ormoa”, romelSic
imyofeba2-3 “mgeli”. danarCeni moTamaSeebi “Txebi” arian.
maswavleblis niSanze “Txebi” gadaaxtebian “ormos”, “mglebi” ki
cdiloben romelime maTganis daWeras. “ormoze”gadaxtomisas
daWrili “Txa” da is “Txac”, romelic “ormoze” gadaxtomas ver
moaswrebs, TamaSidan gadian. TamaSi mTavrdeba maSin, rodesac
dauWereli “Txebis”raodenoba gauTanabrdeba mglebis
raodenobas.
d.“vin ufro Sors isvris.” moTamaSeebi moedanze ewyobian 2-3
kolonad erTmaneTisagan 6-8 metris daSorebiT. erTimeoris
miyolebiT gaivleba ramodenime xazi. kolonis win mdgomT xelSi
uWiravT naxerxiT an siliT datenili parkebi (200-250-gramiani).
maswavleblis niSanze moTamaSeebi win da Sors isvrian parkebs,
aRniSnaven vin ufro Sors gadaisrola. parkis gadamgdebi garbis
mis asaRebad, iRebs, brundeba ukan, gadascems kolonis meore
moTamaSes da TviTon dgeba kolonis boloSi. igebs is kolona,
romelsac meti raodenobiT aRmoaCndeba Sor manZilze
gadagdebuli parkebi.
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e.“ZiZgi-ZiZgi mamalo”.moTamaSeebi iyofian or gundad. wyvilebi
dgebian 4 metris diametris wreebSi pirisaxiT erTmaneTisken 1.5
m manZilze.maswavleblis niSanze welSi odnav moxrili wyvilebi
cal fexze xtomiTa da mxris biZgiT cdiloben wonasworobidan
gamoiyvanon erTmaneTi. wagebulia is moTamaSe, romelic meore
fexs Zirs daadgams an wridan gava. igebs gundi, romelsac meti
gamarjveba eqneba.
v.“bagiris gadaweva”. bagiris Suaze akeTeben niSans (ferad naWers
Semoaxveven). am niSnidan marjvniv da marcxniv erTi metris
manZilze or noSans akeTeben da iatakze gaavleben ganiv xazs.
ori gundis moTamaSeebi, romlebic dganan xazis mopirdapire
mxareebze, xels kideben bagirs ganapira niSnebamde. Sua niSani
zustad unda modiodes gavlebul xazze. maswavleblis niSanze
gundebi erTdroulad daiwyeben bagiris gadawevas Tavis mzareze.
imarjvebs is gundi, romelic mowinaaRmdege gunds xazidan Tavis
mxareze gadaiyvans.
z. ankesi.” moTamaSeebi dgebian wred pirisaxiT centrisaken da
iyofian or gundad (pirveli da meore nomrebi). TamaSis wamyvani
erTia, is atrialebs Toks 15-20 sm-is simaRleze. Tokis boloze
gamobmulia patara siliani parki (“ankesi”). datrialebuli Toki
gaivlis bavSvebis fexebTan. bavSvebi yuradRebiT adevneben
Tvalyurs Tokis trials da xtebian ise, rom parkma Seuxeblad
gauaros fexqveS. wagebulia da TamaSidan gadis is, visac “ankesi”
gamoedeba. Tokis yovel datrialebaze iTvlian, Tu romeli
gundis moTamaSes Seexo datrialebuli Tokis boloSi
gamobmuli parki. 5-6 wuTis Semdeg TamaSi mTavrdeba.
T. “cixe-simagris dacva”. moTamaSeebi ewyobian wred, wris SuaSi “cixe-simagrea” (tanvarjiSuli joxebisagan Sedgenili
samfexebis piramida, romelic zemoT TokiT aris Sekruli).
wris SigniT imyofeba “mecixovne”. wris gareT myofi
moTamaSeebi “cixe-simagres” marjved esvrian xelburTis
burTs da cdiloben daazianon igi. “mecixovne” cdilobs
moigerios natyorcni burTi. moTamaSe, romelic SeZlebs
“cixe-simagris” dangrevas, misi damcveli xdeba.
i.“ixvTa brZola.” ori moTamaSe Sedis 3 m diametris wreSi da
muxlebze xelebis SemoxveviT Cajdeba, xtomiT erTmaneTs
uaxlovdeba da mxrebis biZgiT cdilobs mowinaaRmdegis
wonasworobidan gamovanas.
k.“burTis gadacem-gadmocema.” moTamaSeebi iyofian 3-4 gundad.
TiToeuli gundi ewyoba wred da misi wevrebi erTmaneTs awvdian
burTs. imarjvebs is gundi, romelsac 4-5 wuTian monakveTSi
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burTis gadacem-gadmocemis dros naklebjer dauvarda is
iatakze.
6.6. siswrafis ganviTareba
sportsmenis unars, Seasrulos moZraoba drois minimalurad
mokle monakveTSi, siswrafe ewodeba. es Tviseba gansakuTrebiT
aucilebelia xelburTelebisTvis. burTis tarebis, gadacemisa da karSi
tyorcnisTvis, mowinaaRmdegis blokirebis, sakuTari karis dacvis
uzrunvelyofisTvis aucilebeli pirobaa siswrafe, romelic, Tavis
mxriv, damokidebulia kunTebis Zalaze. swored amitom aris, rom
siswrafes da Zalas paralelurad aviTareben. arsebobs siswrafis
gamovlenis e.w. elementaruli da kompleqsuri formebi. elementarul
formebs miekuTvneba: reaqciis dro, erTeuli moZraobis dro da
moZraobis sixSire (tempi). siswrafis gam,ovlenis kmpleqsuri formebi
warmodgenilia yvela im moZraobaSi, romelic xelburTis moTamaSes
axasiaTebs.
sportsmenis moZraobis siswrafe pirvel rigSi ganisazRvreba
Tavis tvinis qerqis saTanado nervuli moqmedebiT, romelic iwvevs
kunTebis daZabvas da modunebas, warmarTavs da koordinacias uwevs
moZraobas. igi mniSvnelovnad aris damokidebuli xelburTelis
teqnikuri momzadebis srulyofaze, kunTebis Zalasa da elastikurobaze,
saxsrebis moZraobisunarianobasa da xangrZlivi muSaobis dros
sportsmenis gamZleobaze.
siswrafis ganviTarebisTvis yvelaze ufro sasargebloa
varjiSebi mZleosnobidan (gansakuTrebiT mokle manZilze sirbili),
fexburTis da kalaTburTis TamaSidan (mini-fexburTi da mini-
kalaTburTi), agreTve moZravi TamaSebi sirbilis elementebiT. yvela
varjiSis Sesruleba mizanSewonilia maqsimalurad maRali tempiT.
TiToeuli seriis xangrZlivoba unda iyos 10-20 wami, xolo seriaTa
raodenoba-Sesrulebis siswrafis daqveiTebamde. Sesveneba1-dan 1.5
wuTamdea.
varjiSebi siswrafis ganviTarebisTvis
a). varjiSebi siarulSi:
1. siaruli didi nabijebiT, xelebi energiulad moZraobs;
2. siaruli fexis cerebze;
3. siaruli quslebze;
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4. sportuli siaruli ;
5. siaruli Rrma vardniT win, tanis win gadaxriT.
b). varjiSebi sirbilSi:
1. Cveulebrivi sirbili;
2. sirbilimidgmiTi nabijebiT;
3. sirbili muxlis maRla aweviT;
4. sirbili zambarisebri nabijebiT ;
5. sirbili fexebis ukan gaqneviT;
6. naxtomebi orive fexze ;
7. sirbili jvaredini nabijebiT;
8. sirbili zurgiT win.
specialuri siswrafis ganviTareba
1. sastarto aCqareba sxvadasxva sawyisi mdgomareobidan (gverdiT,
dgomiT, zurgiT win, erT an orive muxlze dayrdnobiT, jdomiT, woliT
da sxva.);
2. sirbili 25-30 metrze da xtoma;
3. sirbili swrafi SeCerebiT da maswavleblis niSanze moZraobis
mimarTulebis SecvliT win, ukan da gverdze;
4. moednis xazze devs sami burTi. erTi bolodan morbis moTamaSe,
iRebs burTs, tarebiT mirbis meore karisken da 7-8 metris siSoridan
karSi tyorcnis, brundeba ukan,iRebs burTs da igives asrulebs meore
mxares, Semdeg ki mesames. igives asruleben danarCenebi;
5. wyvilebSi burTis gadacema da karSi tyorcna didi siswrafiT;
6. Zlieri tyorcna kedelze da daWera;
7. burTis swrafi gadacemebi erTi da igive moTamaSisTvis;
8. ori moTamaSe rigrigobiT awvdis burTs erT moTamaSes jer neli
tempiT, Semdeg ki temps TandaTan moumatebs.
TamaSebi da saTamaSo varjiSebi siswrafis ganviTarebisTvis
gansakuTrebiT didi adgili eTmoba saTamaSo varjiSebs da TamaSebs
xelburTelTa momzadebis pirvel etapze. TamaSi did gavlenas axdens
mozardis organizmis ganviTarebaze, bavSvis pirovnebisa da xasiaTis
Camoyalidebaze, mozardebs uviTarebs mizanswrafvas, nebisyofas,
koleqtivizmis, megobrobis grZnobas da sxva.
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saTamaSo varjiSebi siswrafis ganviTarebisTvis
1. 10-12 metris sigrZis Tokis boloebSi damagrebulia 40 sm sigrZis
joxebi. Tokis Sua nawilSi Cabmulia feradi lenti. maswavleblis
niSanze wyvili moTamaSeebisa iRebs joxebs da cdilobs swrafad
daaxvios masze Toki. imarjvebs is, vinc ufro adre daaxvevs Toks
lentamde.
2. movarjiSeebi iyofian wyvilebad da dgebian moednis sxvadasxva
adgilas erTmaneTTan pirisaxiT or-ori metris manZilze. maT Soris
devs CogburTis burTi. maswavleblis niSanze yoveli wyvilis
moTamaSe cdilobs daswvdes burTs da gaiqces moednis nebismier
mxares. partniori cdilobs mis “CaWras”. Tu moaxerxa, miiRebs erT
qulas, Tu ver moaxerxa _ qulas miiRebs mowinaaRmdege. varjiSs
atareben manam, sanam erT-erTi maTgani 10 qulas ar daagrovebs.
3. moTamaSeebi dganan erTmaneTisken pirisaxiT oTxi nabijis daSorebiT,
saCvenebeli TiTebiT amagreben iatakze vertikalurad dadebul
tanvarjiSul joxs, maswavleblis niSanze icvlian adgilebs da
cdiloben daiWiron partnioris joxi manam, sanam is waiqceva. is, vinc
amas moaxerxebs, miiRebs erT qulas. varjiSs asruleben 6-8 wuTi.
gamarjvebulia is, vinc met qulas daagrovebs.
4. sxvadasxva sastarto mdgomareobidan (maRali, dabali, jdomiTi,
woliTi) moTamaSeebi garbian Tokebis qveS, romlebic gaWimulia yovel
or metrSi mkerdis simaRleze. manZili 10 metria. varjiSs asruleben
4-6-jer.
5. Sejibri moTamaSeTa sameulebs Soris. erTi sameuli starts iRebs da
garbis 10-15 metris manZilze, meore, romelic pirvelisgan erTi
metriT ukan aris, cdilobs “CaWras” wina sameuli. Semdeg isini
icvlian rolebs. imarjvebs is sameuli, romlis moTamaSeebs naklebad
“CaWrian”. TiToeuli sameuli starts iRebs 4-6-jer.
6. 10-14 moTamaSe dgeba wreze pirisaxiT centrisken. gaiTvlian pirvel
mesameze. maswavlebeli survilisamebr gamoiZaxebs romelime nomers.
gamoZaxebuli moTamaSeebi wres Sebourbenen gareTa mxridan da
TavianT adgilebs ikaveben. gaimarjvebs is, vinc pirveli daikavebs
Tavis adgils.
7. sami an oTxi moTamaSe dabali startidan garbis 20-25 metris manZilze,
romlis boloSic wiTeli alamia. gaimarjvebs is, vinc pirveli aswevs
alams. TiTo jgufi starts iRebs 4-6-jer.
8. startze dgeba sami moTamaSe (ori pirisaxiT win, xolo Sua moTamaSe
zurgiT win). maswavleblis niSanze isini xelixelCakidebulni garbian
15-20 metrs, Semdeg icvlian adgils. yoveli sameuli starts iRebs 6-8-
jer.
9. xuT-eqvs kaciani jgufi sxvadasxva sawyisi mdgomareobidan iRebs
starts da garbis 20-25 metrs. bolo adgilze gamosuli yoveli
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garbenis Semdeg eTiSeba varjiSs, ase grZeldeba gamarjvebulis
gamovlenamde.
10. moTamaSeebi rigrigobiT garbian 15-20 metrian monakveTs. moTamaSe
valdebulia Tqvas, ramdeni dro moandeoma am manZilis gavlas. yovel
SecdomiT naTqvam wamze ericxeba sajarimo qulebi. imarjvebs is, vinc
nakleb sajarimo qulebs daagrovebs TiToeuli moTamaSe starts iRebs
5-6-jer. wagebulebi jarimdebian damatebiTi sirbiliT moednis
irgvliv erTi an ori wris SemorbeniT.
moZravi TamaSebi siswrafis ganviTarebisTvis
1. “mieSvele” gamoyofen TamaSis erT wamyvans – “CamWrels”. yvela
danarCeni moTamaSe Tavisuflad darbis moedanze. “CamWreli” iwyebs
maT devnas. “CamWrelisgan” Tavis daxsnis mizniT erT-erTi moTamaSe
miirbens sxva moTamaSesTan, xels Cahkidebs mas da oriveni pirispir
dadgebian. Tu moTamaSeebi moaswreben aseTi mdgomareobis miRebas,
“CamWrels” maTi “CaWris” ufleba ara aqvs. Tu “CamWreli” daeweva
moTamaSes da “CaWris”, isini rolebs Seicvlian.
2. “CamWrelebi zonriT” yvela moTamaSes, garda ori “CamWrelisa”,
sayeloSi zonari aqvs gakeTebuli. “CamWreli” gamoedevneba gaqceuls,
daeweva, aaclis zonars da TviTon ikeTebs sayeloSi. uzonrod
darCenili “CamWreli” xdeba, xels swevs zeviT da iZaxis: “me var
“CamWreli”. dadevnebuli moTamaSe “CamWrelisagan” Tavs aRwevs
CajdomiT.
3. “CamWrelisagan Tavdaxsna”. yvela moTamaSe Tavisuflad darbis
moedanze. erT-erT moTamaSes niSnaven TamaSis wamyvanad, igi
gamoedevneba moTamaSeebs da cdilobs romelime maTganis “CaWras”.
wamyvanisgan Tavis dasaRwevad moTmaSeebma unda miiRon iseTi
mdgomareoba, rom fexebi ar exebodes iataks (tanvarjiSul skamze,
kibeze an bagirze asvla da sxva). rogorc ki “CaWris” safrTxe
gaivlis, moTamaSeebi swrafad Camoxtebian da iatakze dgebian. Tu
wamyvani “CaWris” moTamaSes, maSin es ukanaskneli xdeba wamyvani.
4. “meore zedmetia”. yvela moTamaSe dgeba wreze, garda orisa, romlebic
darbian wris gareT. erTi maTgani garbis, meore ki gaqceuls misdevs.
daWerisagan Tavis daRwevis mizniT, gaqceuli win daudgeba wreze
mdgom romelime moTamaSes. axla ukan mdgomi moswavle gadaiqceva
gamqcevad da Tavis daRwevis mizniT garbis. Tu damWeri daiWers
gaqceuls, damWeri gadaiqceva gamqcevad, gamqcevi ki _ damWerad.
5. “monadireni”. bavSvebi Tavisuflad danavardoben moedanze. sami
“monadire” sxvadasxva adgilas dgas. maT xelSi uWiravT TiTo patara
rbili burTi. maswavleblis niSanze “sdeq!” moTamaSe Cerdeba da
“monadireni” msubuqad tyorcnian mas burTs. visac burTi moxvdeba, is
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gadaiqceva “monadired”. nebadarTulia adgilidan fexis moucvlelad
burTis acdena moZraobiT. Tu moTamaSe burTis tyorcnisas adgils
moicvlis, gadaiqceva “monadired”.
6. “yvela Tavis alamTan”. moTamaSeebi moendanze ewyobian or wred.
TiToeuli wris centrSi dgas moTamaSe (wamyvani) feradi almiT.
moTamaSeebi dadian moedanze dafantuli moTamaSeebi Cerdebian da
xuWaven Tvalebs, wris centrSi mdgomi TamaSis wamyvanebi ki icvlian
adgils da gadadian sxva damatebiT wreebSi. maswavleblis mesame
niSanze “yvela Tavis alamTan!”moTamaSeebi Tvalebs umal axelen da
garbian TavianTi wamyvanisken, raTa mis irgvliv wris Sekvra daaswron
sxvebs. gamarjvebulia gundi, romelic adre moewyoba wreSi Tavis
alamTan. TamaSis ganmeorebis SemTxvevaSi amoirCeven axal wamyvans.
7. “dRe da Rame”. moednis Sua adgilze gavlebulia xazi. moTamaSeebi
pirvel meoreze gaiTvlian. pirveli nomrebi arian “Rame”, meore
nomrebi _ “dRe”. pirveli nomrebi dgebian xazis erT mxareze, meore
nomrebi ki _ xazis meore mxareze erTmaneTTan zurgSeqceviT.
TiToeul gunds moednis boloSi Tavisi “saxli” aqvs. rodesac
maswavlebeli daiZaxebs “Rame!” , yvela pirveli nomeri moTamaSe
swrafad garbis Tavisi “saxlisaken”. meore nomrebi – “dRe” _
mobrundebian zurgisken da pirvel nomrebs dasaWerad gamoedevnebian.
visac xels Seaxeben, daWerilad iTvleba. amis Semdeg gundebi
brundebian adgilze da iTvlian daWerilebs. daWerilebi kvlav
TamaSoben TavianTi gundebis SemadgenlobaSi. maswavlebeli 4-6-jer
asaxelebs xan erT, xan meore gunds. gamarjvebulia is gundi, romelic
SeZlebs mowinaaRmdegis meti raodenobiT daWeras.
8. “xazobrivi amanTrbeni”. moTamaSeebi iyofian or gundad. TiToeuli
gundis moTamaSe dgeba amxanagis zurgs ukan. maswavleblis niSanze
kolonis wina moTamaSeebi garbian winaswar daniSnul adgilamde,
brundebian ukan da gadascemen amanaTs kolonaSi mdgom moTamaSes.
axla amanaTis mimRebi garbis iseve, rogorc pirveli moTamaSe da a.S.
rigrigobiT. imarjvebs is gundi, romelic pirveli daamTavrebs
amanaTrbens.
9. “mesame zedmetia”. moTamaSeebi akeTeben wres da ewyobian wyvil-
wyvilad erTmaneTis ukan, pirisaxiT wris centrisken. wris gareT
darbis TamaSis ori wamyvani. erTi cdilobs xeliT Seexos meores
(“CaWras” igi), meore ki garbis da, Tu is romelime wyvils win
daudgeba, am wyvilis meore moTamaSe zedmeti xdeba da unda gaiqces.
gaqceuls gamoedevneba igive damWeri. Tu mdevari “CaWris” gaqceuls,
maTi rolebi Seicvleba.
10. “monadireni da ixvebi”.Semoxazaven did wres. moTamaSeebi or Tanabar jgufad iyofian: “monadireebad” da “ixvebad”. “ixvebi” wreSi dgebian,
“monadireebi” ki _ wris gareT. monadireebi “ixvebs” esvrian
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frenburTis burTs, “ixvebi” ki cdiloben aicdinon. “CaWrili” “ixvi”
gamodis wridan. roca “monadireebi” yvela “ixvs” “CaWrian” da wreSi
aRaravin darCeba, gundebis rolebi icvleba. imarjvebs is gundi,
romelic mcire droSi SeZlebs “ixvebis” “CaWras”.
6.7. gamZleobis ganviTareba
daRlisadmi winaaRmdegobis gawevis unars gamZleoba ewodeba. saerTo
gamZleoba xelburTelis yovelmxrivi fizikuri ganviTarebis Semedgeneli
nawilia, romelic aucilebelia ara marto SejibrebebSi
monawileobisTvis, aramed didi moculobis sawvrTneli muSaobis
SesrulebisTvisac. saerTo gamZleobis ganviTareba SeiZleba TiTqmis
yvela im fizikuri varjiSiT, romelic wliur wvrTnaSi Sedis.
bunebrivia, xelburTSi wvrTna aumjobesebs saerTo gamZleobas, magram
ufro sasargebloa xangrZlivi rbena saSualo intensivobiT
(gansakuTrebiT krosi) da TxilaurebiT siaruli. aucilebelia vicodeT,
rom saerTo gamZleobisTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs ara im procesebs
romlebic organizmSi mimdinareobs varjiSis Semdeg, aramed variSebis
sworad Sesrulebis dros mimdinare procesebs. rogorc mecnieruli
gamokvlevebi cxadyofs, Tavis tvinis qerqSi ixveweba nervuli procesebi,
romlebic organoebisa da sistemebis koordinacias axdenen, qmnian
dinamikur stereotips, gansazRvraven xelburTelis moqmedebas. aseTi
xangrZlivi muSaobis dros mniSvnelovnad umjobesdeba gulsisxlZarRvTa
da sasunTqi sistemebis muSaobisunarianoba. isic unda vicodeT, rom
zogierTi organo da sistema ukeT viTardeba mcireintensiuri, magram
xangrZlivi rbenis meSveobiT. mizanSewonilia gamZleobis
ganviTarebisTvis curvis, niCbosnobis, velosportisa da sportuli
TamaSebis gamoyeneba.
varjiSebi gamZleobis ganviTarebisTvis
1. Cveulebrivi siaruli sportul siarulTan SerwymiT (800-1500 m);
2. sirbili, krosi (2-3 km);
3. sirbili cvalebadi tempiT: 600 metrze msubuqi sirbili, 300
metrze _ swrafi, 500 metrze _ msubuqi, 400 metrze _ swrafi, 600
metrze _ msubuqi, 200 metrze _ swrafi, 400 metrze msubuqi, 100
metrze swrafi;
4. siaruli TxilamuriT (5-10 km);
5. varjiSi velosportSi;
6. sportuli TamaSebi (fexburTi, kalaTburTi, CogburTi).
specialuri gamZleobis ganviTareba
specialuri gamZleobis viTardeba siswrafis ganviTarebis, TamaSis
teqnikis da taqtikis srulyofis paralelurad.
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sirbili aCqarebiT, varjiSebi burTis gadacemaze sirbilSi, swrafi
tempiT, teqnikuri gadaadgileba TavdasxmaSi, sawvrTneli TamaSebi
specialuri gamZleobis ganviTarebis saukeTeso saSualebaa.
maT garda aris zogierTi specialuri varjiSic :
1. kontrSeteva, burTis karSi tyorcna. moTamaSeebi rigrigobiT
uteven mowinaaRmdegis kars, burTis dakargvisTanave
damcvelebi gadadian swraf kontrSetevaze, Tavdamsxmelebi ki
dacvaze ;
2. TamaSi mTel moedanze « «vin ufro met xans daikavebs burTs ;
3. TamaSi cal karSi 2X2, 3X3, 4X4 ;
4. TamaSi or karSi, rodesac gundi moqmedebs ori damcvelis
winaaRmdeg orive zonaSi ;
5. TamaSi cal karSi 5 damcveliT da 3 TavdamsxmeliT an 3
damcveliT da 5 TavdamsxmeliT ;
6. ormxrivi TamaSi gaxangrZlivebuli droiT (ori taimi TiTo 40-
40 wuTi).
simarjveaxali moZraobis dauflebis, moqmedebis swrafad cvlis
unaria. simarjveSi upirveles yovlisa unda vigulisxmoT rTuli
koordinirebuli moZraobiTi moqmedebis dauflebis done fizikuri
Tvisebebis, Zalis, siswrafis, amtanobis urTierTkavSirSi.
TamaSebi da saTamaSo varjiSebi gamZleobis ganviTarebisTvis
1. “kata-Tagvobana”. bavSvebi xelixelCakidebulni qmnian wres.
erT-erTi moTamaSe “kataa “, meore ki - “Tagvi“. “Tagvi“ gaurbis
“katas“, romelsac bavSvebi yovelnairad uRobaven gzas
CaWiduli xelebis moZraobiT, “Tagvs“ ki Tavisuflad
gaaZvrenen xelebqveS. rogorc ki “kata“ daiWers “Tagvs“,
gamoyofen Semdeg wyvils.
2. “nomrebis gamoZaxeba”. moTamaSeni ewyobian or kolonad da
rigze gaiTvlian. kolonebs Soris manZili 2 metria.
TiToeuli kolonis win 10-15 metris daSorebiT dgas saxtomi
dgari. maswavlebeli asaxelebs romelime nomers. gamoZaxebuli
nomrebi garbian win, Semouvlian saxtom dgars da brundebian
TavianT adgilebze. adre misuli moTamaSe iRebs erT qulas.
Semdeg maswavlebeli asaxelebs sxva nomers. yvela nomris
gamoZaxebis Semdeg igebs gundi, romelmac meti qula moagrova.
3. “Semxvedri amanaTebi” . moTamaSeebi iyofian or gundad da
gaiTvlian rigze. TiToeuli gundis wyvili da kenti nomrebi
dgebian kolonebad erTmaneTis pirispir 15-20 metris manZilze.
niSanze pirveli nomrebi garbian meor nomrebTan da
gadascemen amanaTs. meore nomrebi, TavianT mxriv garbian
mesame nomrebTan, ukanaskneli _ meoTxe nomrebTan da a.S.
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imarjvebs is gundi, romelic pirveli daamTavrebs amanaTebis
gadacemas.
4. “wreebSi brZola burTisTvis”. moedanze nebismierad
Semoxazaven ramodenime wres erTimeorisgan 3-4 metris
daSorebiT. yovel wreSi TiTo moTamaSe dgeba. 4-6 TamaSis
wamyvani darbis moedanze wreebs Soris da cdilobs daiWiros
burTi, romelsac erTmaneTs ugdeben wreSi mdgomi
moTamaSeebi. TamaSis wamyvans da sxva moTamaSeebs ufleba ara
aqvT gadaabijon wrexazs. TamaSis wamyvani daiWers burTs da
xmamaRla iZaxis: “Seicvalos wreebi!” am niSanze yvela
moTamaSe gadairbens erTi wridan meoreSi, wamyvanebi ki am
dros cdiloben swrafad daikavon Tavaisufali wreebi.
moTamaSeebs, romelbic gadarbenisas wris gareT darCebian,
niSnaven TamaSis wamyvanebad da TamaSs ganagrZoben.
5. “amanTrbeni dabrkolebaTa gadalaxviT”. moTamaSeebi iyofian 3-
4 gundad da startis xazze ewyobian kolonebad. gundebs
Soris manZili sami metria. TiToeuli gunis pirveli nomeri
moTamaSe startze dgeba. mas xelSi uWiravs amanaTi
(xelburTis an CogburTis burTi). moednis Suaze, 50-60 sm
simaRleze gabmulia Toki, romelic or moswavles uWiravs.
maswavleblis niSanze TiToeuli gundis pirveli nomeri
moTamaSe garbis win, axteba gabmul Toks, miiWreba daniSnul
adgilamde, sadac Semourbens saxtom dgars an tenil burTs,
brundeba ukan, xelaxla gadaaxteba gabmul Toks, garbis
startis xazisken da Tavisi gundis Semdeg moTamaSes
gadascems amanaTs. igebs is gundi, romelic pirveli
daamTavrebs amanaTs gadacemas.
6.5. moqnilobis ganviTareba
rogorc zemoT CamoTvlili Tvisebebi, ise simarde da moqniloba
mWodrod kavSirSia saerTo fizikur momzadebasTan.
moqnilobis ganviTarebisaTvis saWiroa sportsmenma Seasrulos rac
SeiZleba meti sxvadasxva saxis varjiSi.
moqniloba ewodeba moZraobis maqsimaluri amplitudiT Sesrulebas,
rac damokidebulia saxsreSi Zvradobasa da kunTebis elastikurobaze,
e.i. daWimvisa da SekumSvis unarze. moqniloba gavlenas axdens saTamaSo
moZraobis siswrafesa da sizusteze.
TuU xelburTeli sakmarisad moqnili ar aris, saTanado doneze ver
Seasrulebs teqnikur xerxebs.
moqniloba ZiriTadad viTardeba specialuri saWimi varjiSebis,
qneviTi moZraobis SesrulebiT. es varjiSebi unda Sesruldes
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zambariseburad 3-5-jer ritmuli ganmeorebiT, moZraobis amplitudis
TandaTanobiTi gazrdiT (varjiSebi partniorTan, tanvarjiSuli joxiT,
WokiT, tanvarjiSul kedelze, rgolebze, orZelze da a.S.).
varjiSebis moqnilobis ganviTarebisaTvis
1. ganmklavi, TiTebis moxra da gaSla (zemklavSic);
2. zemklavsa da ganmklavSi xelis mtevnis triali;
3. xelis mtevnis triali (TiTebsSua tanvarjiSuli joxiT);
4. wriuli moZraoba ganmklavSi, xelis yvela saxsarSi moxra da
gaSla;
5. ukuzneqidan gamarTuli xelebis awev-daweva (bolomde) sxvadasxva
tempiT;
6. igive varjiSi moxrili xelebis ukan gaweviT (swrafad);
7. wolbjeni (kedelze, skamze, iatakze), xelebis moxra da gaSla jer
mTel nebze, Semdeg ki mxolod TiTebze dayrdnobiT;
8. wolbjenis mdgomareobaSi xelebze gadaadgildeba sxvisi
daxmarebiT (sxva sportsmens xeliT ukavia movarjiSis fexebi koW-
wvivis saxsarSi);
9. zneqi win, ukan, gverdze;
10. wriuli moZraoba taniT (doinji);
11. zurgze wolis sawyisi mdgomareobidan fexebis Tavs zemoT
gadatana da fexis wverebiT iatakze Sexeba;
12. beWyira;
varjiSebi simardisa da xtomadobis ganviTarebisTvis
1. siaruli (vardnebiT);
2. buqni orive fexze;
3. xtomi sirbilis yovel meore da mesame nabijze;
4. gamorbeniT sigrZeze da sammagi xtomi;
5. xtomi ukan;
6. zambariseburi axtomi orive fexze arekniT, xtomSi (haerSi)
muxlebis mitana ferdTan;
7. orive fexze axtomi da bruni 1800 da 3600 –iT;
8. xtomi tanvarjiSul skamebze zigzagurad;
9. bjeniTi xtomi calkeul tanvarjiSul iaraRebze _ xarixaze,
taiWze, skamze;
10. xtomi cal an or fexze arekniT da dakidebul sagnebze
(burTebze, rgolebze da a.S.) miwvdoma xeliT, TaviT, fexiT.
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kombinirebuli varjiSebi Zalasa da siswrafis ganviTarebisTvis
am varjiSebis Sesasruleblad saWiroa tanvarjiSuli iaraRebi
(xarixa, tanvarjiSuli skami), Stanga, tenili burTebi, agreTve
xelburTis 6-8 burTi.
varjiSi 1. varjiSs iwyeben orni _ #1 da #2 moTamaSeebi. xelburTis
moedanze TanamimdevrobiT ganlagebulia « a » , « b », « g », « d » da
« e » iaraRebi da inventari (« a » - Stangaa, « «b » - xarixa, « g » -
tenili burTi, « d » - tanvarjiSuli skami, « e » xelburTis burTi).
#1 da #2 moTamaSeebi maswavleblis niSanze iwyeben sirbils, iReben
Stangas (woniT 15-30 kg) da 5-jer aitaceben mas, deben Zirs da garbian,
gadaaxtebian xarixas, iReben or tenil burTs da zigzagurad orive
fexze arekniT axtebian tanvarjiSul skams, deben tenil burTebs da
garbian moednis bolomde, sadac iReben xelburTis burTebs da tarebiT
brundebian ukan. rogorc ki isini miuaxlovdebian 9 metrian xazs, burTs
gadaawodeben Semdeg wyvils, romlis wevrebic burTis miRebisTanave
igives akeTeben.kolonaSi SeiZleba 6-7 xelburTeli iyos.
varjiSi 2. pirveli wyvilis wevrebi Stangas (15-30 kg) ideben mxrebze
da centramde garbian, 5-jer asruleben Cajdoms, Semdeg Stangas Zirs
deben da ganagrZoben waxtomiT sirbils 9 metrian xazamde, sadac iReben
tenil burTs da ori xeliT tyorcnian karis mimarTulebiT, karis
xazTan iReben xelburTis burTs da tarebiT gverds uvlian dgarebs, ris
Semdegac moednis centrSi Cajdebian da burTs Zlier tyorcnian karSi.
varjiSi 3. pirveli wyvili or fexze xtomiT midis centramde, iRebs
xelburTis burTs da tarebiT gverds uvlis dgarebs, burTianad
asrulebs winkotrials, ris Semdegac 8-9 netris manZilidan xtomSi
tyorcnis burTs karSi. am varjiSs asruleben erTi mimarTulebiT.
rogorc ki pirveli wyvili Seasrulebs tyorcnas 8-9 metris manZilidan
karSi, meore wyvili iwyebs varjiSis Sesrulebas (moTamaSeebi
valdebulni arian tyorcnis Semdeg aiRon burTebi da gadaawodon Semdeg
wyvils).
varjiSi 4. monawileobas erTdroulad oTxi movarjiSe. #1
moTamaSeebi xelebze siaruliT midian moednis centramde (maTi fexebi
uWiravT #2 moTamaSeebs). Semdeg wyvilebi zigzagurad axtebian or
erTmaneTze gadebul tanvarjiSul skams, iReben tenil burTs da
gadacemiT midian piriT xazamde, aq rolebs Seicvlian, xelebze siaruls
iwyeben #2 moTamaSeebi da igives aketeben. rogorc ki pirveli ori
wyvili daamTavrebs sirbils, varjiSSi Caebmeba Semdegi wyvili da a.S.
aq moyvanili oTxi varjiSi samagaliToa. maT fonze SeiZleba
individualurad Seiqmnas aTobiT varjiSi, romlebsac mwvrTneli
gamoiyenebs Tavisi pirobebis Sesabamisad, magaliTad, Secvlis iaraRebs
an iaraRebis wonas, manZils da sxva.
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Tavi VII
sportsmenis fsiqologiuri momzadeba SejibrebisTvis
sporti adamianis qcevis umniSvnelovanesi formaa, romlis erT-erTi
arsebiTi niSania Sejibreba. sportSi yvelaferi ganpirobebulia
SejibrebebiT, romlis gareSec igi fizikuri varjiSebis grovad
gadaiqceoda. cnobilia, rom Sejibrebas win uswrebs sistematuri,
daZabuli, didi moculobisa da intensivobis mzadeba (fizikuri,
teqnikuri,taqtikuri da sxva), romlis gareSec SeuZlebelia maRali
sportuli maCveneblebis miRweva.
Sejibreba spirtsmenis an sportuli gundis iseTi moqmedebaa,
romelic miznad isaxavs Cvevebis SemuSavebas, wvrTnis procesSi
gamomuSavebuli da ganviTarebuli sportuli SesaZleblobebis
maqsimalurad gamovlenis moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebas metoqesTan
brZolis gziT. Sejibrebis saboloo mizani maRali sportuli
maCveneblebis miRwevaa. magram gana sportsmeni yovelTvis axerxebs mis
winaSe Sejibrebebis dros dasaxuli amocanebis warmatebiT gadaWras?
cxadia, vera. sportul praqtikaSi cota rodia iseTi magaliTi, rodesac
sportsmeni Tu gundi Sejibrebisas ver avlens Tavisi SesaZleblobebis
minimumsac ki. aRniSnul viTarebas, ra Tqma unda , garkveuli mizezebi da
faqtorebi ganapirobebs, romelTa codnas Teoriulis garda didi
praqtikuli mniSvnelobac aqvs.
Sejibrebaze warmateba-warumateblobas gansazRvravs obieqturi da
subieqturi faqtorebi, romelTagan zogi xels uwyobs sportsmens (gunds)
SejibrebaSi dasaxuli amocanebis warmatebiT gadawyveTaSi, zogi ki,
piriqiT, xels uSlis, aferxebs.
obieqturi faqtorebidan gansakuTrebiT gamovyofT: meteorologiur-
klimatur faqtorebs _ qars,sicxes,sicives, zRvis donis simaRles da
sxva, agreTve Sejibrebebis Catarebis adgilis (darbazis) ganaTebas da
ventilacias, sportuli inventaris vargisianobas da sxva.
aseve didi mniSvneloba aqvs subieqturi faqtorebis codnas.
gamokvlevebiT dadgenilia,rom umetes SemTxvevaSi sportuli
Sejibrebebisas sportsmeni ver avlens Tavisi SesaZleblobebis maqsimums.
irkveva isic, rom sportsmenTa garkveuli nawili ver avlens Tavisi
SesaZleblobebis minimumsac ki, piriqiT, auaresebs sportul maCveneblebs.
garda aRniSnulisa, Sejibrebebis eqstremalur pirobebSisxvadasxva
mosalodnel Tu moulodnel intensiur stresul zemoqmedebaze yvela
sportsmeni rodi axdens erTgvarovan reagirebas. dabali tolerantobis
donis gamo zogierTi sportsmeni auaresebs sportul Sedegebs, zogi ki ,
tolerantobis maRali donis gamo, aumjobesebs maT. aRniSnuli
problemebis kvlevas sportis fsiqologiaSi udidesi mniSvneloba
eniWeba.
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1. Sejibrebis subieqturi faqtorebis daxasiaTeba
rogorc aRvniSneT, Sejibreba konkretuli pirovnebis qcevaa. aqedan
gamomdinare, Sejibrebis Taviseburebebs pirvel rigSi Sejibrebis
subieqtis pirovnul-individualuri Taviseburebebi ganapirobebs.
rogoricaa pirovneba, iseTia Sejibrebis dros misi qcevac. aRsaniSnavia,
rom adamianebi, rogorc pirovnebebi, erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdebian.
ramdeni adamianicaa, imdeni gansxvavebuli pirovnebaa. es gansxvavebuloba
vlindeba rogorc subieqturad _ gancdis saxiT, aseve obieqturad _
qcevis saxiT. yvela adamians axasiaTebs pirovnuli xasiaTis naklovani
mxareebi, sisusteebi. rac meti naklovani mxare aqvs pirovnebas, miT
nakleb warmatebas aRwevs Tavis moRvaweobaSi. pirovnuli xasiaTis
naklovani mxareebis codnas didi praqtikuli mniSvneloba aqvs
mwvrTnelisaTvis, radgan wvrTnis procesis maRal doneze warmarTva
aucileblad saWiroebs maT safuZvlian, Rrma codnas.
ganvixiloT pirovnuli xasiaTis naklovani mxareebi. fsiqologia
mecnierebaa fsiqikis Sesaxeb. fsiqika ZiriTadad Seicavs fsiqikur
procesebsa da Tvisebes (Tvisebebi pirovnebis SedarebiT myari niSnebia,
procesebs ki axasiaTebs dasawyisi, droSi mimdinareoba da dasasruli).
ar SevexebiT fsiqikis yvela gamovlinebas. ganvixilavT mxolod
xelburTisTvis gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovan momentebs.
yuradReba ewodeba sinamdvilis romelime nawilze fsiqikuri
moqmedebis warmarTvisa da SeCerebis process da warmoadgens am nawilis
naTlad da mkafiod asaxvis pirobas. cxadia, yuradReba gansakuTrebul
rols asrulebs xelburTSi SejibrebebSi warmatebebis mopovebaSi.
xelburTi sportuli TamaSebis erT-erTi popularuli saxeobaa, sadac
Sejibrebisas sxvadasxva situacia swrafad monacvleobs, rac saWiroebs
yuradRebis swraf gadatanas erTidan meore situaciaze. yuradRebis
gadanacvlebis mixedviT sportsmenebi erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdebian.
SesaZloa gundis Semadgenlobis erTi nawili ekuTvnodes yuradRebis
advilad gadamnawileblis tips. aseTebi iolad axerxeben erTi
situaciidan meoreze yuradRebis gadatanas. magram gundSi SesaZloa
iyvnen sapirispiro tipis sportsmenebic, romlebsac uWirT erTi
situaciidan meoreze swrafad gadarTva, ris gamoc Secvlil situaciaze
ver axdenen adekvatur reagirebas. aseTi sportsmenebi, rogorc wesi,
SejibrebebSi ver aRweven maRal sportul maCveneblebs. yuradRebis
gadanacvlebaSi siZnele pirovnuli xasiaTis iseTi naklia, romlis
angariSgauwevloba wvrTnisa da Sejibrebebis procesSi xSirad
warumateblobis erT-erT mizezad gadaiqceva. warmatebisTvis aseve didi
mniSvneloba aqvs Tvisebas, romelsac yuradRebis ganawileba ewodeba.
ganawileba erTsa da imave dros yuradRebis sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT
warmarTvis unaris. sportsmenebi am Tvisebis mixedviTac gansxvavdebian
156
erTmaneTisagan: arsebobs yuradRebis advilad da Znelad gamnawilebeli
tipebi. meore tips xelburTSi garkveuli Seferxebebi eqneba, vinaidan
xelburTi gunduri TamaSia da , bunebrivia, moTamaSem erTsa da imave
dros unda gadawyvitos gansxvavebuli amocanebi (ataros burTi da
imavdroulad uyuros moedans, partniorebis Tu metoqeebis moedanze
ganlagebas, gadaadgilebas da sxva). cxadia, meore tipis xelburTels
gauWirdeba gansxvavebuli moqmedebebis erTdroulad Sesruleba, es ki
fsiqologiuri xasiaTis iseTi defeqtia, romelic xSir SemTxvevaSi
warumateblobis mizezi xdeba. xelburTelisaTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs
Tvisebas, romelsac yuradRebis moculoba ewodeba. yuradRebis
moculoba ewodeba saganTa an movlenaTa raodenobas, romelsac
pirovneba yuradRebis erT aqtSi Tanabari sicxadiTa da gamokveTilobiT
amCnevs. xelburTis specifikidan gamomdinare, xelburTels moeTxoveba
mravali gansxvavebuli sagnisa Tu movlenis erTdrouli, sruli, naTeli
aRqma da cxadia, maTi Sesatyvisi reaqcia. saerTod, yuradRebis mixedviT
adamianebi gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan, amitom mwvrTneli valdebulia
icodes gundis TiToeuli wevris yuradRebis moculoba (da, ra Tqma
unda, maTi sxva mxareebic), raTa saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi izrunos maTi
ganviTarebisTvis.
rogorc aRvniSneT, xelburTi sportis gunduri saxeobaa, sadac
SejibrebebSi situaciis swrafi monacvleoba, garda sportsmenis
sakuTari moqmedebisa, damokidebulia metoqezec. bunebrivia,
Sejibrebebisas vxvdebiT standartul situaciebsac, roca xelburTeli
met-naklebi warmatebiT iyenebs aseve standartul saSualebebs. xSiria
SemTxvevebi, rodesac Sejibrebis arastandartul situaciaSi sportsmenis
teqnikuri arsenali moqmedebis warmatebiT gaSlisTvis sakmarisi ar aris.
mdidari fantaziiT dajildoebuli sportsmeni xSirad warmatebiT Zlevs
arastandartul situacias da, piriqiT, xelburTelTa improvizirebuli
moqmedeba sanaxaobrivadac mimzidvelia da efeqturic, rac didad uwyobs
xels TamaSSi warmatebis miRwevas. aRniSnulis gamo gundma garkveuli
yuradReba unda dauTmos moTamaSeTa fantaziis donis dadgenas (radgan
pirovnebebi fantaziis mixedviTac gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan).
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi mwvrTnelma unda izrunos am Tvisebis
ganviTarebisTvis (gansakuTrebiT aqtiuri, SemoqmedebiTi fantaziis
ganviTarebisTvis) fantazia warsuli gamocdilebis safuZvelze axali,
winaT aRuqmeli warmodgenebis Seqmnis procesia, axali teqnikuri
xerxebisa da ileTebis, ileTTa naerTebis, teqnikuri sqemebis, wvrTnis
axali meTodebis, axali sportuli iaraRebis Seqmna fantaziis
monawileobas gulisxmobs.
xelburTi uaRresad dinamikuri sportis saxeobaa, romelSic
vlindeba warmateba-warumateblobis uwyveti monacvleoba. zogjer
xelburTeli warmatebiT moqmedebs_Znel situaciaSi gaaqvs goli, zustad
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da droulad gadascems burTs _ xelsayrel poziciaSic ki ver gaaqvs
goli, ugvianebs pass an zustad ver awvdis burTs xelsayrel poziciaSi
gasul partniors da a.S. SejibrebebSi warmateba-warumateblobis
monacvleoba ganapirobebs dadebiT da uaryofiT emociebs. emocia
fsiqologiaSi ganmartebulia rogorc pirovnebis subieqturi
damokidebuleba sagnisa Tu movlenisadmi. amitomaa, rom erTi da igive
sagani Tu movlena sxvadasxva adamianSi gansxvavebul subieqtur
mdgomareobas _ dadebiT an uaryofiT emocias iwvevs. Emociuri gancdebi
garkveul gavlenas axdens saerTod adamianis, kerZod ki xelburTelis
qcevaze. erT SemTxvevaSi miRweulma warmatebam pirovnebaSi SeiZleba
dadebiTi emocia (sixaruli, aRfrTovaneba da a.S.) gamoiwvios, ubiZgos
mas momavali SejibrebebisTvis meti energiiT mzadebis, saWiro reJimis
(kvebis, dasvenebis, wvrTnis, sayofacxovrebo da a.S.) dacvisken. magram
xSiria SemTxveva, rodesac warmateba (gansakuTrebiT ioli gziT
mopovebuli) uaryofiT zegavlenas axdens sportsmenze, ganapirobebs iseT
gancdebs, rogoricaa sakuTar TavSi darwmunebuloba, sifxizlis
moduneba da a.S. analogiur viTarebasTan gvaqvs saqme warumateblobis
SemTxvevaSic. Man SeiZleba zog SemTxvevaSi revanSis aRebis survili
gamoiwvios, sportsmeni Tavis Tavs ver patiobs Secdomebs, romlebmac
ganapiroba warumatebloba, da gaaTkecebuli energiiT iwyebs momavali
SejibrebebisTvis mzadebas. erTi mxriv, warumatebloba ubiZgebs
sportsmens sakuTari SesaZleblobebis maqsimaluri mobilizaciiT
emzados momavali SejibrebisTvis, meore SemTxvevaSi ki warumatebloba
gadaiqceva uaryofiTi gancdebis wyarod, sportsmeni ganawyenebuli,
imedgacruebulia, daCagrulis, damcirebulis SegrZneba aqvs, sakuTar
TavSi darwmunebis grZnoba ekargeba. aRniSnuli garemoeba ubiZgebs
sportsmens wvrTnis moculobisas da intensivobis Sekvecisaken, igi
xSirad arRvevs reJims da sportisadmi gulgrili xdeba. aseT
SemTxvevaSi, cxadia, Sedegebi uaresdeba. zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare
SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom emociebis roli xelburTSi (rogorc, saerTod,
sportSi) didia. Tu xelburTelis Segnebul miznebs Tan sdevs Zlieri
emociebi, nebelobiTiqceva gacilebiT intensiuria da, piriqiT, Tu emocia
ewinaaRmdegeba qcevis motivirebul miznebs, nebelobiTi qceva ferxdeba.
xelburTelis warmatebas mniSvnelovnad ganapirobebs is, Tu rogor
ganicdis, rogor afasebs is Tavis qcevas, moqmedebas. aRniSnulis gamo
emociisa da grZnobis gamovlinebebi _ guneba, afeqti, vneba,
inteleqtualuri da moraluri gancdebi _ mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens
xelburTelis warmatebebze. Sejibrebis dawyebis win xelburTelebs
eqmnebaT gamokveTilad specifikuri mdgomareoba, rasac winasastarto
mdgomareoba ewodeba.
eqsperimentulad dadgenilia sportSi winasastarto mdgomareobis
sami saxe: 1. sastarto cieb-cxeleba ; 2. sastarto apaTia; 3. sabrZolo
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mzadyofnis mdgomareoba. winasastarto mdgomareobis pirveli ori saxe
uaryofiTi fsiqikuri mdgomareobaa, mesame ki – dadebiTi, romelic xels
uwyobs sportsmens Sejibrebis mimdinareobis procesSi maqsimalurad
gamoavlinos sportuli SesaZleblobebi. sportsmenis emociuri
cxovrebis Taviseburebebis codnas didi praqtikuli mniSvneloba aqvs.
maT gareSe SeuZlebelia sportsmenis emociebis regulireba. yovelive
amas ki didi mniSvneloba eniWeba Sejibrebisas maRali sportuli
maCveneblebis miRwevaSi. saerTod, adamianisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia
aqtivobis specifikuri forma – nebelobiTi moqmedeba. nebeloba
Segnebuli, winaswar ganzraxuli, garkveuli miznis ganxorcielebisken
mimarTuli da gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze mimdinare moqmedebaa.
rogorc cnobilia, yovelgvari aqtivobis wyaroa moTxovnilebebi.
cxovelis qcevas sasicocxlo-biologiuri moTxovnilebebi udevs
safuZvlad. adamianis qcevis safuZveli ki biologiur moTxovnilebebTan
erTad maRali socialuri moTxovnilebebia. cxoveli aqtualuri
moTxovnilebebis monaa, mas ar SeuZlia sakuTari Tavis gamoyofa
garemodan da Tavisi moTxovnilebebisadmi dapirispireba. cxovels,
mxolod impulsuri qceva axasiaTebs. Adamians ki, romelic biologiurisa
da socialuris erTianobaa, axasiaTebs impulsuri qcevac,rac misTvis
araspecifikuria. adamianisaTvis specifikuria momavali qcevis winaswar
gacnobiereba, misi gaanalizeba, saTanado Sefaseba, Segnebuli arCeva,
gadawyvetilebebis miReba da mis niadagze qcevis warmarTva. adamianis
qcevis struqturaSi mocemulia rogorc impulsuri, aseve obieqtivaciis
done (nebelobiTi da azrovnebiT kontrolirebadi done). aRsaniSnavia,
rom gansxvavebul qcevas pirovnebis gansxvavebuli individualuri
Taviseburebebi ganapirobebs. magaliTad, zog adamianSi Warbobs
obieqtivaciis doneze mimdinare qceva, zogSi ki- impulsuri. aRniSnuli
viTarebis codnas garkveuli praqtikuli mniSvneloba aqvs. sportul
praqtikaSi SemCneulia sportsmenTa iseTi kategoria, romelic yvelafers
akeTebs SejibrebaSi warmatebis misaRwevad, magram umravles SemTxvevaSi
ver aRwevs sasurvel Sedegs. arsebobs sportsmenTa iseTi kategoriac,
romelic umravles SemTxvevaSi maRal sportul Sedegebs aRwevs. Oorive
kategoriis sportsmenTa eqsperimentuli gamokvlevis Sedegad gairkva,
rom impulsuri qcevebi Warbobs iseT sportsmenebSi, romlebic
SejibrebebSi ver aRweven maRal sportul maCveneblebs, im sportsmenebSi
ki, romlebic, rogorc wesi, aRweven warmatebebs, obieqtivaciis doneze
mimdinare qcevis mqoneni Warboben.
cnobilia, rom nebeloba Seicavs sam periods: mosamzadebels,
gadawyvetilebis miRebis da Sesrulebis periodebs. aRniSnuli
periodebis mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa. zogi mkvlevari
mesame periods aniWebs gadamwyvet mniSvnelobas. ganwyobis fsiqologiis
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mixedviT ki nebelobis mesame periodic ar Seicavs raime specifikur
nebelobiT moqmedebas, meore ki-gadawyvetilebebis miRebis periodi _
miCneulia specifikur nebelobiT moqmedebad. am Teoriis mixedviT
gadawyvetilebis miReba niSnavs iseTi axali ganwyobis Seqmnas, romelic
ganapirobebs arCeuli qcevis warmatebiT gaSlas (ganwyoba mTlianad
pirovnebis iseTi mdgomareoba, pirivnebis Zalebis iseTi organizaciaa,
romelic Sinaganad uzrunvelyofs qcevis warmarTvas). mesame, Sesrulebis
periodi gadawyvetilebis periodSi Seqmnili ganwyobis realizaciaa.
Nnebelobis simtkice gadawyvetilebis simtkicezea damokidebuli, masze
damokidebulia agreTve nebelobis Tvisebebi, romlebic amave dros
xasiaTis Tvisebebicaa: amtanoba, Tavdajerebuloba,
TavSekaveba,disciplina, Seudrekeloba, gambedaoba, mizanswrafva da a.S.
adamianebi erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdebian nebelobiTi Tvisebebis
TaviseburebebiT (gansxvavebuli nebelobiTi aqtis safuZvels xasiaTi
ewodeba). zog adamians SeuZlia swori gadawyvetilebis swrafad miReba,
zogs yoymani axasiaTebs (didi dro sWirdeba gadawyvetilebis misaRebad),
zogsac _ mtkice nebisyofa (miRebuli gadawyvetilebis ganxorcielebis
gzaze warmoqmnili dabrkolebisa da siZnelis gadalaxvis unari), zogs _
susti nebisyofa (sakmarisia mcire dabrkoleba Tu siZnele,rom man
daiwyos adre miRebuli gadawyvetilebis axliT Secvlis argumentaciis
Zebna, rasac, umetes SemTxvevaSi axerxebs kidec), aRniSnuli garemoeba
garkveul gavlenas axdens qcevis warmatebaze. sportSi mravali
magaliTia cnobili, rodesac xasiaTis xarvezebi nebisyofaSi
(TavSekavebuloba, gadawyvetilebis dagvianebiT miReba da a.S.)SejibrebaSi
warumateblobis mizezad qceula (msajTan SekamaTeba, ukmayofilebis
demonstraciulad gamoxatva,uxeSi pasuxi da a.S.).
sportis ganviTarebis Tanamedrove etapze, rodesac sagrZnoblad
gaizarda wvrTnis moculoba da intensivoba, gamravalferovnda da
garTulda sportsmenTa teqnikuri aRWurvilobis arsenali, daixvewa
taqtikuri moqmedebis sqemebi, rodesac sportsmenebi aRweven fenomenalur
maCveneblebs. sportis Semdgomi ganviTarebis gzaze gansakuTrebul
mniSvnelobas iZens e.w. pirovnuli faqtorebi. sportsmenTa fizikuri,
teqnikuri da taqtikuri momzadebulobis maRali donis miuxedavad,
aRniSnuli faqtorebis zemoqmedebis gamo mainc ver xerxdeba SejibrebaSi
sakuTari SesaZleblobebis maqsimaluri gamovlena, ver miiRweva maRali
maCveneblebi.aRniSnulma garemoebam ganapiroba sportsmenTa momzadebis
axali saxis Seqmnis aucilebloba. mas fsiqologiuri momzadeba ewodeba.
sportsmenis fsiqologiuri momzadebis cneba sportSi XX saukunis 50-
iani wlebidan damkvidrda da dReisaTvis udidesi mniSvnelobis mqone
erT-erT problemad iqca. miuxedavad imisa, rom aRniSnul problemas
sxvadasxva qveynis mravali gamoCeneili mkvlevari swavlobs, jer kidev
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ar arsebobs fsiqologiuri momzadebis cnebis erTiani, yvelasaTvis
misaRebi gageba.
2. fsiqologiuri momzadebis arsi
sportSi fsiqologiuri momzadebis cneba gulisxmobs kompleqsur
pedagogiur process, romelic mimarTulia sportsmenis nebelobiTi
Tvisebebis yovelmxrivi ganviTarebisken. xelburTelis fsiqologiuri
momzadebis procesSi pirvel rigSi gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos
pirovneba, misi temperamenti da xasiaTi, asaki, gamocdileba, Sejibrebis
masStabebi da pirobebi. sportsmenis fsiqikuri mzadyofnis cnebaSi
vgulisxmobT pirovnebis iseT mdgomareobas, rodesac igi nebismier
drosa da pirobebSi axerxebs sakuTari SesaZleblobebis maqsimalurad
mobilizebas da am ukanasknelis maqsimalurad realizebas Sejibrebis
eqstremalur pirobebSi.
fsiqologiuri momzadebis amocanaa pirvel rigSi xeli Seuwyos
sportsmenis im fsiqikuri procesebisa da Tvisebebis gamovlenasa da
ganviTarebas, romlebic ganapirobeben sportis ama Tu im saxeobaSi
sportsmenis fsiqikur mzadyofnas da mis ganmtkicebas (swored es aris
SejibrebaSi sportsmenis warmatebis erT-erTi aucilebeli piroba).
sportis gundur saxeobebSi da, kerZod, xelburTSi sportsmenis
pirovnebis fsiqikuri mzadyofna bevradaa damokidebuli gundis, rogorc
sportuli koleqtivis fsiqikur mzadyofnaze da, piriqiT, TiToeuli
xelburTelis fsiqikuri mzadyofna ganapirobebs gundis fsiqikur
mzadyofnas. es urTierToba Tavisi bunebiT rTulia, igi eqvemdebareba
socialuri (jgufis) fsiqologiis kanonzomierebebs. fsiqikuri
mzadyofna sportsmenis maRali gawvrTnilobis ganuyofeli nawilia.
3. fsiqologiuri momzadebis saxeebi
sportis fsiqologiaSi arCeven fsiqologiuri momzadebis or saxes _
zogad fsiqologiurs da konkretuli SejibrebisaTvis fsiqologiur
momzadebas.
zogadi fsiqologiuri moqmedeba mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi unda
mimdinareobdes sportsmenis fizikur, teqnikur da taqtikur
momzadebasTan erTad. sportsmenis pirovnebis da gundis wvrTna
pirovnuli Tu socialur- fsiqologiuri xasiaTis xarvezebi da
naklovani mxareebi da Taviseburebebi mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs
warmatebebs wvrTnisa da Sejibrebebis procesSi. amis gamo zogad
fsiqologiur momzadebas aucileblad win unda uswrebdes sportsmenis
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pirovnebisa da sportuli gundis Rrma fsiqologiuri Seswavla, romlis
mizani iqneboda sportsmenis pirovnebisa dasportuli koleqtivis
Taviseburebebis gamovlena, maTi Zlieri da susti mxareebis dadgena,
fsiqologiuri portretebis Seqmna. sakuTari empiriuli gamocdilebis
safuZvelze mwvrTnels garkveuli informacia aqvsTavisi aRsazrdelebis
pirovnebis individualuri da koleqtivis socialur- fsiqologiuri
bunebis Sesaxeb. magram, cxadia, es informacia sruli da yovelTvis
sando ar aris, radganyovel pirovnebas met-naklebad axasiaTebs
Selamazebis tendencia. pirovneba xSirad uars acxadebs misTvis
damaxasiaTebel iseT pirovnul niSnebze, romlebic socialurad
miuRebelia, xolo miiwers iseT pirovnul niSnebs, romlebic mas ar
axasiaTebs, magram socialurad misaRebia. aRniSnulis Seswavlis
niadagze miRebuli masalis mixedviT, rogorc aRvniSneT, SeiZleba
Seiqmnas fsiqologiuriportretebi, romlebSic konkretulad iqneba
warmodgenili sportsmenis pirovnebis Zlieri Tu sisti mxareebi,
romelTa codnis safuZvelze SesaZlebelia imis dadgena, Tu ra
konkretuli saxis fsiqologiur daxmarebas saWiroebs esa Tu is
sportsmeni. fsiqologiuri portretis niadagze iqmneba rekomendaciebi,
romlebSic miTiTebuli iqneba fsiqologiuri xasiaTis naklovani
mxareebi, xarvezebi da maTi gamosworebis, aRmofxvris gzebi.
4. pirovnebis kvlevis meTodebi
rogorc aRvniSneT, fsiqologiur momzadebas win unda uswrebdes
sportsmenis momzadebisRrma fsiqologiuri Seswavla, romlis mizansac
pirovnebis fsiqikuri fenomenebis (fsiqikuri procesebisa da Tvisebebis)
ganviTarebis donis dadgena Seadgens. xelburTelisaTvis mTavari
fsiqikuri Sinaarsis Seswavla gansakuTrebul rols asrulebs. aseTi
Seswavlis gziT miRebuli masala sportsmenis qcevis, misi warmatebis
prognozirebis saSualebas iZleva.
aRsaniSnavia, rom pirovnebis Seswavlis erTiani, yvelasaTvis
misaRebi sqema dReisaTvis ar arsebobs. sportis fsiqologiis
specialistebi, romlebic qveynis sxvadasxva regionSi muSaoben, TavianT
praqtikul muSaobaSi iyeneben kvlevis maTTvis misaReb gzebs, saSealebas,
xerxebsa da meTodebs. gamonaklisi arc sportis fsiqologiis qarTveli
specialistebi arian. profesorma v. norakiZem (akademikos d. uznaZis
ganwyobis Teoriis safuZvelze) Seqmna pirovnebis kvlevis e.w.
kompleqsuri meTodi, romelsac warmatebiT iyeneben muSaobaSi ara marto
qarTveli specialistebi. aRniSnul meTodebSi wamyvani adgili d.
uznaZis fiqsirebuli ganwyobis kvlevis meTods uWiravs, romelic
mTliani pirovnebis formaluri struqturuli mxaris dadgenis
SesaZleblobas iZleva. am meTodiT swavloben mTliani pirovnebis
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calkeuli fsiqikuri aspeqtebis maintegrirebeli ganwyobis bunebas, ris
gareSec SeuZlebelia pirovnebis namdvil bunebaSi wvdoma, xolo am
ukanasknelis gareSe warmoudgenelia fsiqologiuri momzadebis maRal
doneze warmarTva. garda aRniSnulisa, kompleqsuri meTodi sportsmenis
mTliani pirovnebis Sinaarsiseuli mxaris daxasiaTebis SesaZleblobasac
iZleva, risTvisac, garda fiqsirebuli ganwyobis meTodisa, gamoyenebulia
klinikuri _ saubris meTodi (rorSaxis, Tematuri apercefciis, testiebi,
teilorisa da aizenkis kiTxvarebi).
5. fsiqologiuri momzadeba konkretuli SejibrebisTvis
konkretuli SejibrebisTvis fsiqologiur momzadebaSi gamoyofen
adreuli da uSualo fsiqologiuri momzadebis etapebs.
adreuli fsiqologiuri momzadeba im periodidan iwyeba, rodesac
sportsmenisaTvis cnobili gaxdeba SejibrebaSi misi monawileoba. am
etapze specifikuri amocanebi wydeba. saWiroa momavali Sejibrebis
pirobebis Sesaxeb detaluri da rac SeiZleba sruli informacia
(sportuli bazisa da inventaris xarisxis, Sejibrebis debulebis, kvebisa
da sxva). aseve mniSvnelovania informacia savaraudo mowinaaRmdegeTa,
maTi sportuli formis, pirovnebebis individualuri Taviseburebebis
Sesaxeb. amave etapze unda SeimuSaon momavali Sejibrebis samoqmedo
gegma _ taqtikuri sqemebi. xSirad taqtikuri sqema ar Seesatyviseba
Sejibrebisas Seqmnil viTarebas, amitom aucilebelia misi saxvadasxva
variantis winaswar SemuSaveba wvrTnis procesSi maTi srulyofilad
dauflebisa da gamoyenebis Cvevebis gamomuSavebis mizniT. SejibrebaSi
monawile sportsmens (gunds) konkretuli mizani unda dausaxon. saWiroa
SejibrebaSi monawileTa piradi da sazogadoebrivi Rirebulebebis
motivTa stimulireba dasaxuli miznisa da momzadebisaTvis aucilebeli
programis Sesabamisad. am etapze wvrTnis procesis iseTi meTodebiT
Catarebaa aucilebeli, romlebic maqsimalurad iqneba miaxloebuli
momavali Sejibrebis pirobebTan. amave etapidan iwyeba wvrTnis,
dasvenebisa da sxva reJimebis sagangebo dacva.
uSualo fsiqologiuri momzadeba iwyeba konkretuli Sejibrebis
dawyebis win, grZeldeba Sejibrebis procesSi da mTavrdeba Sejibrebis
dasasrulisTanave. konkretuli SejibrebisTvis fsiqologiuri momzadeba
saWiroebs sportsmenis fsiqikuri mdgomareobis regulirebisa da
TviTregulirebis xerxebis codnas. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sportsmens
eufleba sastarto apaTiis an sastarto cieb-cxelebis niSnebi, romlebic
mas xelis uSlis Tavisi sportuli SesaZleblobebis maqsimalurad
gamovlenaSi, uaryofiTi zamoqmedebis Sesasusteblad da aRsakveTad
saWiroa saTanado RonisZiebebi misi am mdgomareobidan gamosayvanad. Tu
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mwvrTnelis an masTan erTad momuSAve fsiqologisaTvis Rrma
fsiqologiuri Seswavlis niadagze cnobilia sportsmenis pirovnebis
individualuri an sportuli koleqtivis socialur- fsiqologiuri
Taviseburebebi, pirvel rigSi aucilebelia sityvieri zemoqmedeba.
magaliTad, xelburTels sakuTar ZalebSi rwmenis ganmtkicebis mizniT
unda esaubron mis Zlier mxareebze, yuradReba gaamaxvilon metoqis sust
da naklovan mxareebze (araviTar SemTxvevaSi mis siZliereze), sportuli
praqtikidan dausaxelon iseTi magaliTebi, rodesac SedarebiT susti
amarcxebda Zlier metoqes da a.S. swor, gamarTebul, damajerebel
sityvier zemoqmedebas didi sargeblobis motana SeuZlia sportsmenis
uaryofiTi fsiqikuri mdgomareobis regulirebisa da koreqciis saqmeSi
(Sesvenebisas, gamocvlis dros da a.S.). sityvieri zemoqmedebis mizania ara
marto taqtikur moqmedebaSi garkveuli koreqtivebis Setana, aramed
sportsmenis pirovnuli Zalebis maqsimaluri mobilizaciac. sityvieri
zemoqmedebisas SeZleba ise warmarTon sportsmenTan urTierToba, rom
misi yuradReba uaryofiTi fsiqikuri Sinaarsis (stresis) gamomwvevi
faqtorebidan gadarTon dadebiTi fsiqikuri Sinaarsis ganmapirobebel
faqtorebze. amisaTvis mwvrTnelma sportsmenis biografiidan SeiZleba
moigonos gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis mqone epizodi (warsuli, maRali
rangis Sejibrebidan), romlebSic man gamarjvebas miaRwia Zlier
metoqesTan brZolaSi. aseTi sasiamovno mogoneba xels uwyobs
akviatebuli, Semawuxebeli fiqris, warmodgenebis moSorebas, aumjobesebs
guneba-ganwyobilebas, sakuTar ZalebSi rwmenis ganmtkicebas, nebelobiTi
Zalebis aqtivobis gaZlierebas. Tu sportsmeni Tavis TavSi erTob
darwmunebulia, igi garkveul situaciebSi kargavs realobis grZnobas,
gaumarTlebel riskze midis da a.S. saWiroa konkretuli SemTxvevebis
gaxseneba, magaliTebis motana, rodesac SejibrebisaTvis kargad
momzadebuli, maRalkvalificiuri gundi zedemti dajerebulobis gamo
damarcxebula SedarebiT sust metoqesTan orTabrZolaSi.
sportsmenze mZlavri zemoqmedebis Zalas iZens mwvrTnelis qcevaa,
misi moqmedeba, emociebi da a.S. magaliTad, Tu mwvrTnels eufleba
stresi, romelsac garegnuladac avlens, es garkveul gavlenas axdens
sportsmenebzec.mwvrTnelis stresi ganapirobebs da aZlierebs
sportsmenis stresul mdgomareobas. aqedan gamomdinare, Sexvedris win
rCeva-darigebis dros mwvrTnelis xma unda iyos mtkice, mSvidi,
keTilmosurne, igi ara Tu fsiqikis daZabulobas unda qmnides, aramed
xels unda uwyobdes dadebiTi fsiqikuri mdgomareobis Seqmnas,
darwmunebulobis gaZlierebas, fsiqikur-fizikuri Zalebis mobilizacias.
dauSvebelia, sportsmenisaTvis darigebis micema yviriliT,
gaRizianebuli btaziani kiloTi.
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araxelsayreli fsiqikuri mdgomareobis (apaTia, sastarto cieb-
cxeleba, intensiuri stresi da a.S.) sawinaaRmdegod warmatebiT SeiZleba
moTelvis gamoyeneba. amasTan, moTelvis specialuri varjiSebi unda
SearCion sportsmenis guneba-ganwyobis mixedviT (varjiSebis xasiaTis,
tempis, xangrZlivobis gaTvaliswinebiT). arsebobs aRmgznebi da
damamSvidebeli fizikuri varjiSebi.
sportuli Sejibrebis gamo, misi sazeimo elferi, myvirela
aWrelebuli trensparantebi da lozungebi, xmauriani, tempiani musika da
a.S. aRmgzneb gavlenas axdens Sejibrebis monawileebze da damatebiT
stresorebad gadaiqceva. aseTi stresorebi dadebiT gavlenas axdens im
sportsmenebze, romlebsac daqveiTebuli aqvT stresis intensivoba da
piriqiT,sportsmenis damSvidebis, dawynarebis mizniT saWiroa garemodan
misi gancalkeveba, damamSvidebeli (mwvane, cisferi) feris sagnis cqera,
lamaz, myudro situaciaSi (tyeSi, parkSi da a.S.) gaseirneba.
aRgznebuli emociuri mdgomareobis regulireba SesaZlebelia
specialuri sunTqviTi varjiSebiT, romlebic iTvaliswinebs garkveuli
droiT sunTqvis Sekavebas. proceduris Catarebis dros sportsmeni
SeiZleba idges, ijdes an iwves.
magaliTisaTvis movitanT cnobili kanadeli specialistis
persivalis sam varjiSs:
varjiSi 1. es varjiSi jdomiT an woliT mdgomareobaSi sruldeba.
SevisunTqoT Rrmad da sunTqva SevaCeroT, amave dros msubuqad davZaboT
mTeli sxeulis kunTebi (sunTqva SeCerebulia, sanam kunTebi daZabulia).
sunTqva Sewyvetilia 5-6 wamiT. amovisunTqoT nela da TandaTan
movdundeT. es varjiSi unda gavimeoroT 9-10-jer ise, rom sunTqvis
SeCerebis dro TandaTan izrdebodes.
varjiSi 2. zurgze woliT mdgomareobaSi fexebi movxaroT iatakidan
terfebis moucvlelad, Rrmad SevisunTqoT da muxlebi mWidrod
SevaerToT. am mdgomareobaSi ramdenime wamiT Seyovnebis Semdeg nela
amovisunTqoT, kunTebis modunebiT muxlebi ganze gavSaloT. yuradReba
unda mivaqcioT imas, rom muxlebi modunebulad “vardebodes” ganze.
varjiSi 3. woliT mdgomareobaSi ramdenadme neli tampiT Rrmad,
dauZabavad SevisunTqoT. SesunTqvisas msubuqad davZaboT yvela kunTi.
amosunTqvisas vecadoT sruli moduneba. varjiSi grZeldeba 2-3 wuTs.
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6. autogenuri wvrTna
cnobilia, rom sportuli Sejibrebis wina periodSi, gansakuTrebiT
startis win, sxvadasxva tipis sportsmenebi sxvadasxvagvarad avlenen
TavianT pirovnebas, fsiqikur mdgomareobas, saxeldobr, emociur sferos.
zog sportsmens sasicocxlo Zalebi uqveiTdeba, depresis grZnobs, zogi
aRigzneba da a.S. aseeTi Secvlili fsiqologiuri mdgomareoba, cxadia
gavlenas axdens sportsmenis SesaZleblobebis gamovlenaze. erT
SemTxvevaSi es gavlena dadebiTi xasiaTisaa, meore SemTxvevaSi –
uaryofiTi. aseTi viTarebis gamo udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba
fsiqologiuri mdgomareobis gamovlenas, misi bunebis dadgenas da
startis win sportsmenze iseTi fsiqologiuri xasiaTiszemoqmedebas,
romlis mizani iqneba misi pirovnuli Zalebis nebismieri regulireba.
autogenuri wvrTnis safuZveli TviTSTagonebaa. misi mravali
varianti arsebobs, romelTagan Cven veyrdnobiT sportisaTvis
specialurad SemuSavebuls. igi Sedgeba ori nawilisagan –
damamSvidebeli da mamobilizebeli. mobilizaciaSi igulisxmeba rogorc
irganizmis saerTo tonusis aweva, aseve startze sportsmenis qcevis
organizacia.
autogenur wvrTnas regularulad unda warmarTavdes kvalificiuri
specialisti 14-15 dRis manZilze (yoveldRiurad 2-3-jer). rogorc wesi,
pirvel mecadineobebs win unda uswrebdes saubrebi autogenuri wvrTnis
bunebis, misi mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb. seansebs atareben rogorc
individualurad, ise jgufurad 4-6 (araumetes 10-12) adamianTan.
autogenuri wvrTnis mecadineobebi unda aigos nebayoflobiT safuZvelze.
autogenuri wvrTnis yvela formula iyofa: 1. formulad, romelic
iwvevs kunTur modunebas da damSvidebas; 2. formulad, romelic iwvevs
naTel, xatovan warmodgenebs, rac zemoqmedebas axdens fsiqikur
mdgomareobaze.
autogenuri wvrTnis dros sportsmeni SeiZleba zurgze iwves an
ijdes savrZelSi, divanze, skamze, taburetze da a.S. aseTi mdgomareoba
yvela jgufis kunTebis maqsimalurad modunebis pirobas qmnis.
mdgomareoba 1. zurgze woliT mdgomareobaSi yvelaze xelsayrelia.
saWiroa taxtze, sawolze leibze da a.S. gamarTuli wola, Tavi unda
ekavoT pirdapir, TavqveS amodebuli hqondeT patara baliSi (an misi
Semcveli – muTaqa, dakecili sabani da a.S.). aseTi mdgomareoba kisris
kunTebis daZabulobas anelebs. kidurebi winamxris (idayvis) saxsarSi
odnav moxrili aqvT, xelisgulebi barZayebs ar exeba, fexebi gamarTulia
da odnav gaSlili (20 sm manZiliT). zeda da qveda kidurebis aseTi
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mdgomareoba xels uwyobs momxreli da gamSleli kunTebis tonusis
gawonasworebas, yvela kunTis modunebas.
mdgomareoba 2. divanze, savarZelze da a.S. modunebulad
moxerxebuli jdomi, fexebi gamarTulia, Tavi ukan odnav gadaxrili,
divanis an savarZlis sazurgeze moxerxebulad miyrdnobili zeda
kidurebi moxrilia 450-iani kuTxiT. idayvebi dabjenilia savarZlis
(divanis da a.S.) saxelurebze.
mdgomareoba 3. skamze, taburetze, divanze da a.S. jdomSi qveda
kidurebis muxlis saxsarSi moxra swor kuTxemde. am dros terfebi odnav
mimarTulia gareT, mklavebi moxrilia, winamxrebi eyrdnoba barZayebs
(xelebi erTmaneTs ar exeba). weli moxrilia, Tavi odnav daxrili, mTeli
sxeuli modunebuli.
pirveli mecadineobaze mTavaria sportsmens Seuqmnan yuradRebis
maqsimaluri koncentrirebis pirobebi, aRkveTon gareSe gamaRezianeblebi
(xmauri, kakuni, radios da televizoris xma da a.S.), romlebic, SesaZloa,
gamaRezianeblebze yuradRebis gadarTvis mizezad gadaiqcnen. sportsmenma
unda daxuWos Tavlebi da yuradRebiT usminos, ecados naTlad
warmoadginos yvelaferi is, ris Sesaxebac elaparakebian. sawyis etapze
xelmZRvaneli varjiSebs xsnis xmamaRla, Tanabari, monotonuri,
darwmunebuli kiloTi.
mogvyavs autogenuri wvrTnis varjiSTa sistema:
1. vgrZnob simSvides,
vgrZnob Zlier simSvides,
yuradRebas ar vaqcev aCqarebas;
vTavisufldebi Sinagani daZabulobisagan;
vdundebi;
2. CemTvis yvelaferi sul erTia;
axla yvelaferi Cems gareTaa;
vgrZnob simSvides;
vdundebi;
irgvliv yvelaferi Soreulia da umniSvnelo;
vuRrmavdebi Sinagan simSvides;
3. yvela Cemi azri mimarTulia simSvidisaken;
savsebiT mSvidad var;
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xels araferi miSlis;
simSvide da wonasworoba mavsebs;
arafers vakeTeb, srulebiT arafers; dae, yvelaferi
damSviddes;
veZlevi simSvides, wonasworobas, modunebas;
Cems irgvliv simSvidea;
simSvide mmijnavs yvelafrisagan;
sruliad marto var, Cemi Sinagani simSvidiT aRsavse;
4. vaduneb marjvena zeda kiduris kunTebs;
marjvena zeda kiduri mZimea;
mkveTrad vgrZnob marjvena zeda kiduris simZimes;
marjvena zeda kiduri sul ufro mZimdeba;
igi tyviasaviT mZimea;
marjvena zeda kiduri Zalian mZimea;
ar SemiZlia avwio;
5. vaduneb marcxena zeda kiduris kunTebs;
marcxena zeda kiduri mZimea;
mkveTrad vgrZnob marcxena zeda kiduris simZimes;
marcxena zeda kiduri sul ufro mZimdeba;
igi tyviasaviT mZimea;
marcxena zeda kiduri Zalian mZimea;
ar SemiZlia avwio;
6. vaduneb marjvena qveda kiduris kunTebs;
marjvena qveda kiduri mZimea;
mkveTrad vgrZnob marjvena qveda kiduris simZimes;
marjvena qveda kiduri sul ufro mZimdeba;
igi tyviasaviT mZimea;
marjvena qveda kiduri Zalian mZimea;
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marjvena qveda kiduri ukiduresad mZimea;
ar SemiZlia misi daZvra;
7. vaduneb marcxena qveda kiduris kunTebs;
marcxena qveda kiduri mZimea;
aSkarad vgrZnob marcxena qveda kiduris simZimes;
marcxena qveda kiduri sul ufro mZimdeba;
igi tyviasaviT mZimea;
marcxena qveda kiduri Zalian mZimea;
marcxena qveda kiduri ukiduresad mZimea;
ar SemiZlia misi daZvra;
8. vaduneb muclis kunTs;
muclis kunTebi rbilia;
vaduneb gul-mkerdis kunTebs;
vsunTqav Tavisuflad
vaduneb saxis kunTebs;
mkveTrad vgrZnob saxis kunTebis modunebas;
Subli gadatkecilia da mTlianad swori;
qveda tuCi CamoSvebulia;
quTuToebi tyviasaviT damZimda;
mTeli sxeuli mTlianad modunebuli da moSvebulia;
mTeli sxeuli ise mZimea, rogorc qviSiT savse tomara;
9. marjvena zeda kidurze miedineba siTbos talRa;
aRwevs mtevnis TiTebamde ;
siTbom moicva marjvena zeda kiduri ;
igi gadadis kanze ;
aSkarad vgrZnob sasiamovno siTbos mTlianad marjvena
zeda kidurSi;
10. marcxena zeda kidurze miedineba siTbos talRa;
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aRwevs mtevnis TiTebamde;
siTbom moicva marcxena zeda kiduri;
igi gadadis kanze;
aSkarad vgrZnob sasiamovno siTbos mTlianad marcxena
zeda kidurSi;
11. marjvena zeda kidurze miedineba siTbos talRa ;
aRwevs ceramde ;
siTbo avsebs mTel marjvena qveda kidurs ;
igi gadadis kanze ;
aSkarad vgrZnob sasiamovno siTbos mTlianad marjvena
qveda kidurSi;
12. marcxena qveda kiduris terfamde miedineba siTbos talRa ;
siTbom moicva mTeli marcxena qveda kiduri;
igi gadadis kanze;
aSkarad vgrZnob sasiamovno siTbos mTlianad marcxena
qveda kidurSi;
13. vgrZnob siTbos, siTbos talRas, romelic moedineba
mzis wnulidan ;
siTbos talRa mzis wnulidan vrceldeba mTlianad
mucelze;
muceli siTboTia savse;
muclis RruSi vgrZnob sasiamovno siTbos;
siTbo aRwevs gul-mkerdis RruSi;
gul-mkerdis RruSi vgrZnob sasiamovno siTbos;
gul-mkerdis Rru savsea sasiamovno siTboTi;
14. siTbos vgrZnob mTlianad sxeulSi;
mTeli Cemi sxeuli aRsavsea sasiamovno siTboTi;
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mTel sxeulSi vgrZnob Sinagan siTbos;
aSkarad ganvicdi sasiamovno siTbos mTel sxeulSi;
sxeuli ise Tbilad maqvs, rogorc Zalze Tbil
abazanaSi;
15. kargad var; Tavs msubuqad da Tavisuflad vgrZnob;
sruliad mSvidad var;
guli Tanabrad da mSvidad micems;
Tavisuflad vsunTqav;
Subli sasiamovnod grili maqvs;
Sublze vgrZnob sasiamovno sigriles;
kargad var, kargad var.
1-3 formulas imeoreben samjer, 4-14-s waikiTxaven orjer. 3-4 dRis
ganmavlobaSi yovel mecadineobas, Tu mas Zilis win atareben, Semdegi
formuliT amTavreben:
simZimis gancda sruliad qreba;
vgrZnob, rogor mevseba sxeuli Zal-RoniT;
ganvicdi simxneves;
vsunTqav Rrmad;
Zalas vikreb, vizmorebi;
vaxel Tvalebs.
3-4 dRis varjiSis Semdeg (12-15 varjiSoba) SeiZleba isargeblon
damamSvidebeli nawilis Sekvecili variantiT. Sekveca xdeba im
formulebze uaris TqmiT, romlebSic laparakia etapobriv modunebasa an
gaTbobaze. damamSvidebeli nawilis Sekvecili varianti aseTia;
1. vgrZnob simSvides;
vgrZnob Rrma simSvides;
vdundebi;
2. yvela Cemi azri mimarTulia simSvidisaken;
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sruliad marto var Cemi Sinagani simSvidiT.
3. vaduneb zeda kidurebis kunTebs;
kidurebi sul ufro da ufro Tbili xdeba;
naTlad vgrZnob cxel siTbos zeda kidurebSi.
4. vaduneb qveda kidurebis kunTebis;
qveda kidurebi sul ufro da ufro Tbili xdeba;
naTlad vgrZnob siTbos qveda kidurebSi.
5. muclisa da gul-mkerdis RruSi vgrZnob sasiamovno siTbos.
6. naTlad vgrZnob sasiamovno siTbos mTlianad sxeulSi.
7. kargad var;
8. savsebiT mSvidad var;
kargad var.
es varianti saWiroebs araumetes 3-4 wuTisa. autogenuri wvrTnis
kargad dauflebis Semdeg SeiZleba gadavidnen ufro Semoklebul
variantze:
1. mSvidad vwevar, Tavs kargad vgrZnob;
2. quTuToebi mimZimdeba;
3. TandaTanobiT mereva Zili;
4. Zili Zlier mereva;
5. viZineb . . . daviZine.
damamSvidebeli nawilis dauflebis Semdeg gadadian mamobilizebeli
nawilis Seswavlaze. mamobilizebel formulebs warmoTqvamen, rodesac
sportsmeni gadava Zalisebr mdgomareobaSi, gamoeTiSeba gare samyaros da
damSviddeba. mobilizaciis formulis Tanamimdevroba aseTia:
1. msubuq Jruantels vgrZnob;
2. Cemi mdgomareoba hgavs grili Sxapis miRebis Semdgom
mdgomareobas;
3. yvela kunTi miTavisufgldeba simZimisa da modunebis
SegrZnebisagan;
4. kunTebi msubuqad miwyebs caxcaxs;
5. Jruanteli sul ufro matulobs;
6. Tavi da kefa micivdeba;
7. tanze TiTqos WianWvelebma gamirbines;
8. kani xorkliani gamixda;
9. xelisgulebi da terfebi micivdeba;
10. sunTqva Rrmaa da xSiri;
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11. guli micems Zlierad, energiulad xSirad;
12. Jruanteli ufro gamiZlierda;
13. yvela kunTi msubuqia, mkvrivi da Zlieri;
14. ufro da ufro mxned var; 15. Tvalebs vaxel;
16. viyurebi daZabulad, uaRresad koncentrirebulad;
17. sasiamovnod aRgznebuli var;
18. energiiT savse var;
19. ise var, rogorc zambara; 20. mTlianad mobilizebuli var;
21. mzad var moqmedebisTvis. aRniSnul formulebs kiTxuloben ufro energiulad, vidre
damamSvidebel formulebs, raTa seansis bolosTvis emociuri
zemoqmedeba gaZlierdes.
autogenuri wvrTnis damoukideblad Catarebis mizniT
mizanSewonilia aRniSnuli formulebis magnitofonis firze Cawera da
misi gamoyeneba saxlSi, Sejibrebaze da a.S., rac, cxadia, gazrdis
autogenuri wvrTnis efeqtianobas.
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თავი VIII
Sejibrebis organizacia da Catareba
8.1. Sejibrebis roli da mniSvneloba sportuli ostatobis donis amaRlebaSi
ori urTierTdakavSirebuli movlenis _ sportuli wvrTnisa da
Sejibrebis ganxilvas Zalze didi gamoyenebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs
sportuli daostatebis mTeli procesis swori orientaciisa da
agebisaTvis.
Sejibreba, rogorc movlena, wvrTnaze adre Seiqmna. agamomdinare,
Tu mas ganvixilavT rogorc kategorias, is pirveladia,wvrTna ki _
meoradi. amitom meTodurad gamarTlebulad SeiZleba miviCnioT sawvrTno
procesis is ZiriTadi pirobebi da moTxovnebi, romlebic ganapirobeben
xelburTSi saSejibro moRvaweobis kanonzomierebaTa Secnobas, es
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania imitomac, rom Sejibreba sportsmenis
moRvaweobaSi yovelTvis kulminaciuri momentia, is dakavSirebulia
sportsmenis fizikuri da sulieri Zalebis maqsimalur daZabulobasTan.
Mmxolod sportuli orTabrZolis eqstremalur pirobebSi SeiZleba
gamovlindes sportsmenis saimedooba da simtkice. swored es pirobebia
xelburTelebis gawvrTnilobisa da misi funqciuri SesaZleblobebis
mdgradobis ZiriTadi stimulatori.
zemoTqmulidan naTlad Cans, rom wvrTnis efeqturobis amaRleba
SesaZlebelia, Tu gavyvebiT sportuli moRvaweobis Taviseburebebisa da
kanonzomierebebis Semecnebis swor gzas.
wvrTnis mravalwliani procesi da SejibrebebSi sistematuri
monawileoba xelburTelis organizmSi garkveul morfofunqcionalur
cvlilebebs iwvevs. TviT Sejibrebis pirobebi (mayurebeli, sazeimo
rituali, koleqtivis winaSe pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba, sportuli
paeqrobis ukiduresi simZafre) sportsmenis organizmis fsiqikur-
fiziologiuri funqciebis Zlieri stimulatoria.
sayovelTaod cnobilia, rom sportsmenebi sarekordo Sedegebs,
rogorc wesi, avlenen Sejibrebebis da ara wvrTnis dros, Tumca axali
miRwevebisaken orientacia potenciurad sawvrTno procesis mimdinareobis
dros iqmneba.
Tanamedrove sportis TeoriaSi sainteresoa ori sakiTxi: rogori
kavSirurTierTobani uwyobs xels sportsmenebs Sejibrebis dros
fsiqomotorikis ukidures mobilizaciaSi; ra aris is damatebiTi
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gamaRezianeblebi, romelic ase ganasxvavebs wvrTnis process
Sejibrebisagan.
aseTi gamaRezianebeli TviT Sejibrebis procesia. amasTan, rac
ufro principulia sportuli paeqroba, miT ufro Zlieria sportsmenis
emociuri aRgznebuloba, misi fsiqikuri daZabuloba da fizikuri
datvirTvis done.
sportuli Sejibreba, rogorc aRvniSneT, maRalkvalificiuri
sportsmenis momzadebis ZiriTadi saSualebaa, romelic saSejibro
pirobebis zegavlenis Sedegad gaZlierebuli emociuri daZabulobiT
qmnis gansakuTrebul fons, rac xels uwyobs sportsmenis organizmis
funqciuri SesaZleblobebis maqsimalur gamovlenas.
didia Sejibrebis roli sportsmenis nebisyofisa da xasiaTis
CamoyalibebaSi. Sxvadasxva rangis saerTaSoriso SejibrebebSi
monawileobis gamocdileba sportsmens saSualebas aZlevs aCvenos maRali
da, amasTan, stabiluri Sedegebi.
arsebobs pirdapiri damokidebuleba SejibrebaSi monawileobis raodenobriv maCvenebelsa da sportsmenis teqnikuri, taqtikuri, fizikuri da nebelobiTi momzadebis donis amaRlebas Soris. Rac ufro met SejibrebaSi monawileobs sportsmeni, miT ufro maRldeba misi ostatobis done. yovelive es ganapirobebs Sejibrebis farTod gamoyenebis aucileblobas.
SejibrebaTa raodenoba damokidebulia sportsmenis momzadebis doneze. rac ufro maRalia misi, kvalifikacia, miT ufro xSirad monawileobs is sxvadasxva rangis SejibrebebSi.
8.2. Sejibrebis saxeebi, maTi dajgufeba, Sejibrebis debuleba
xelburTSi Semdegi saxis Sejibrebebs atareben: pirvelobas, anu Cempionats, Sejibrebas Tasze, samatCo Sexvedras, gamaTanabrebel Sejibrebas, sakvalifikacio Sejibrebas, SesarCev Sejibrebas, anu pretedentTa turnirs, anu elvisebur Sejibrebas (blic-turniri), saCvenebel Sexvedras.
Sejibrebebi SeiZleba iyos kalendaruli da amxanaguri.
pirveloba anu Cempionati . aseTi saxis Sejibreba yvelaze ufro pasuxsagebia. is erTaderTia, romlis Sedegebis mixedviT gamarjvebul gunds Cempionis tituli eniWeba. Cempionati weliwadSi araumetes erTxel tardeba.
Sejibreba TaszeCempionatis Semdeg rangiT meore Sejibrebaa. misi mizania SejibrebaSi Caabas rac SeiZleba meti monawile da gamoavlinos gamarjvebuli. Tasze SejibrebaSi daiSveba nebismieri donis gundi. Tasis
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gaTamaSeba mimdinareobs saukeTesos TandaTanobiT SerCevis principiT. Sejibreba tardeba SedarebiT mokle droSi.
samatCo Sexvedras gegmaven calkeul gundebs an ramdenime gunds Soris. samatCo Sexvedra, Cveulebriv, kalendriTaa gaTvaliswinebuli da xSirad tradiciul xasiaTs atarebs.
sakontrolo Sexvedras atareben SejibrebisaTvis gundebis mzadyofnis Sesamowmeblad.
gamaTanabrebel Sejibrebasatareben momzadebis sxvadasxva donis mqone gundebis monawileobiT imitom, rom Zlieri da susti gundebis Sexvedrebma ar dakargos sportuli interesi. ufro sust gundebs jer kidev TamaSis dawyebis win aZleven qulaTa winaswar daTqmul raodenobas (foras). gamaTanabrebeli Sejibreba SeiZleba Catardes or an ramodenime gunds Soris.
saklasifikacio Sejibrebis mizania gundebis sportuli momzadebis donis gasinjva.
SesarCevi Sejibrebis anu pretedentTa turniris mizania gamoavlinos uZlieresi gundi ufro didi masStabebis SejibrebebSi monawileobisaTvis.
erTdRian anu elvisebur Sejibrebas (blic-turnirs) atareben erT dReSi ramodenime saaTis ganmavlobaSi. aseT Sejibrebebs gegmaven dResaswaulebis dReebSi sportul sezonis gaxsnis da daxurvis dros.
Sejibrebis mokle droSi Casatareblad TamaSis dro mcirdeba (20 wuTi, ori taimi 10-10 wuTi, Sesvenebis gareSe).
saCvenebeli Sexvedra xelburTis popularizacias emsaxureba. aseTi saxis Sejibreba xels uwyobs xalxis farTo masebs sakuTari TvaliT naxon uZlieresi gunebi.
kalendaruli Sejibreba dadgenilia kalendaruli gegmiT. Sedegebi aseTi saxis Sejibrebaze oficialuria.
amxanaguri Sejibreba, romelsac xSirad atareben, emsaxureba saswavlo sawvrTno gegmis ganxorcielebas.
SejibrebaTa dajgufeba. Sejibrebis yvela saxe oTx jgufad iyofa:
I. ZiriTadi Sejibreba; II. damxmare anu mimyvani Sejibreba; III. saklasifikacio Sejibreba; IV. saaggitacio-masobrivi Sejibreba.
I. ZiriTadi Sejibrebis jgufSi Sedis: 1. pirveloba anu Cempionati; 2. Sejibreba Tasze.
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swored Sejibrebebis am saxeebis saSualebiT xorcieldeba mTeli wlis saswavlo-sawvrTno muSaobis Sejameba da Cempionis an gamarjvebulis gamovlena.
II. damxmare anu SesarCevi Sejibrebebis jgufSi Sedis: 1. samaTCo Sexvedra ; 2. sakontrolo Sexvedra ; 3. gamaTanabrebeli Sejibreba.
III. sakvalifikacio anu SesarCevi Sejibrebebis jgufSi Sedis :
1. sakvalifikacio Sejibreba ; 2. SesarCevi anu pretedentTa turniri.
IV. saagitacio-masobrivi Sejibrebebis jgufSi Sedis :
1. erTdRiani Sejibreba ; 2. saCvenebeli Sexvedra.
Sejibrebis debuleba. Sejibrebis warmatebiT Catareba bevrad aris damokidebuli mis guldasmiT momzadebaze. mTeli mosamzadebeli samuSao SeiZleba pirobiTad davyoT sam etapad : 1. dokumentaciis Sedgena ; 2. Sejibrebis adgilis momzadeba ; 3. Sejibrebis monawileebTan muSaoba ;
nebismieri rangis SejibrebisTvis mzadeba iwyeba debulebis SedgeniT, romelic kalendaruli gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli TariRebis Sesabamisad muSavdeba. Sejibrebis debuleba rogorc organizaciuli, ise meToduri dokumentia, romelic ZiriTadad gansazRvravs saswavlo-sawvrTno procesis mimarTulebas winasaSejibro momzadebis procesSi. Sejibrebis debulebas adgens Camterebeli organizacia, romelic valdebulia winaswar daugzavnos igi monawile gundebs.
Sejibrebis debuleba unda Seicavdes konkretulad da gasagebad Camoyalibebul Semdeg punqtebs :
1. mizani da amocanebi. Sejibrebis mizani (saswavlo-sawvrTno muSaobis Sedegebis Sejameba, uZlieresi moTamaSeebisa da gundebis gamovlena, xelburTis popularizacia da a.S.). damokidebulia mis saxesa da masStaburobaze ;
2. Sejibrebis Catarebis dro da adgili. aRniSnuli unda iyos baza da qalaqi, sadac Catardeba esa Tu is Sejibreba,miTiTebuli unda iyos Catarebis vadebi ;
3. Sejibrebis xelmZRvaneloba. aRiniSneba Sejibrebis Camtarebeli da xelmZRvaneli, miTiTebuli unda iyos msajTa kolegia da vis mier aris igi damtkicebuli ;
4. Sejibrebis monawileebi. aRniSnuli unda iyos Sejibrebaze daSvebuli gundebis raodenoba da maTi dasaxeleba, ganacxadSi Sesayvan sportsmenTa maqsimaluri raodenoba, monawileTa asaki da kvalifikacia ;
5. Sejibrebis pirobebi. mocemuli unda iyos gaTamaSebis sistemebi da Sedegebis Sefasebis wesi gamarjvebuli gundis gamosavlenad ;
6. protestis Setanisa da ganxilvis wesi ;
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7. monawileTa da gundebis dajildoeba. am punqtSi aRniSnuli unda iyos riT jildovdeba gamarjvebuli da saprizo adgilze gasuli gundebi;
8. gundebis miRebis pirobebi. miTiTebuli unda iyos damfinansebeli organizacia, gundebis Camosvlisa da wasvlis TariRi, monawileTa dabinavebisa da kvebis pirobebi;
9. ganacxadis forma da misi wardgenis vada; 10. kenWisyris (wilisyris) dro da adgili; 11. Sejibrebis gansakuTrebili pirobebi: gundebis SemadgenlobaSi
tanmaRali moTamaSeebis raodenobis gansazRvra da maTi saTamaSo dro, dacviTi sistemis (presingis) gansazRvra, Sejibrebaze dasaSvebi sakontrolo normativebis Cabarebis pirobebi da sxva.
debulebis Sedgenis Semdeg SeimuSaveben Sejibrebis xarjTaRricxvas, romlis safuZvelzec Camtarebeli organizacia gamoyofs fulad saxsrebs. xarjTaRricxvis Sedgenis dros unda aRniSnon:
1. Sejibrebis dasaxeleba; 2. Sejibrebis Catarebis dro da adgili; 3. monawileebisa da msajebis raodenoba, maTi sacxovreblis, kvebis
da mgzavrobis xarj; 4. Sejibrebis adgilis saarendo xarji; 5. satransporto xarji; 6. Sejibrebis mxatvrulad gaformebis xarji; 7. sakancelario xarjebi; 8. momsaxure personalis (eqimi, medda, muSa) xarjebi.
yvela rangis Sejibrebis Casatareblad niSnaven mTavar msajsa da mdivnas. garda amisa, didi masStabis SejibrebebisTvis mzadebis dros qmnian saorganizacio komitets 5-7 kacis SemadgenlobiT. es komiteti saorganizacio muSaobas uSualod Sejibrebis adgilze atarebs.
saorganizacio komitetis ZiriTadi amocanebia:
1. Sejibrebis adgilis da mowyobilobebis SerCeva; 2. inventaris momzadeba; 3. monawileTa da msajebis sacxovrebeli adgilis SerCeva da kvebis
organizacia; 4. sawvrTno adgilis momzadeba; 5. Sejibrebis samdivnos dakomfleqteba; 6. radio, televiziis da gazeTebis saSualebiT cnobebisa da
gancxadebebis gakeTeba Sejibrebis mniSvnelobis, masSi monawile gundebis da calkeuli moTamaSeebis, Sejibrebis Catarebis droisa da adgilis Sesaxeb.
aucilebelia presis muSakebTan sistematuri kontaqtis damyareba
Sejibrebis mimdinareobis yoveldRiurad gaSuqebis mizniT, Sejibrebis
afiSebis, programebis, monawileTa bileTebis da sxva biuletenis
gamoSvebis organizeba, Sjibrebis adgilis sazeimod gaformeba,
plakatebi, cxrilebi da radioficireba.
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Sejibrebis monawileebTan muSaoba iTvaliswinebs : 1. monawileTa
miRebas da sacxovrebelSi mowyobas; 2. samandato komisiis miSaobas (es
komisia Sejibrebaze dasaSveb sportsmenTa vinaobas adgens); 3.
warmomadgenelTa da msajTa kolegiis TaTbiri.
monawileTa miRebas da maT mowyobas xelmZRvanelobs
saorganizacio komitetis romelime warmomadgeneli. aeroportebsa da
rkinigzis sadgurSi aucileblad gamokruli unda iyos gancxadebebi,
romelebSic miTiTebuli iqneba gundebis sacxovrebeli adgilebis
misamarTi da telefoni. Tu muSaobs Sejibrebis Stabi, misi telefonis
miTiTebac aucilebelia.
mizanSewonilia, rom monawileebi da msajebi cal-calke
cxovrobdnen.
Sejibrebaze monawileTa daSvebis sakiTxs, rogorc aRvniSneT,
wyvets samandato komisia, romelSic Sejibrebis mTavari eqimic Sedis.
monawileTa daSvebaze pasuxismgebloba akisria mTavar msajs,
mTavar eqimsa da samandato komisiis warmomadgenels.
Sejibrebis dagegmva . sportuli Sejibrebis dagegmva
centralizebuli xasiaTisaa. sportis saxelmwifo departamenti adgens
erTian kalendarul gegmas 4 weliwadze olimpiuri TamaSebis Catarebis
TariRis gaTvaliswinebiT.
sportis adgilobrivi saxelmwifo organoebi sportuli Sejibrebis
gegmebs adgenen teritoriuli principiT (respublika, olqi, qalaqi,
raioni), sauwyebo da nebayoflobiTi sportuli organizaciebi ki –
sauwyebo principiT. am SemTxvevaSi Sejibrebebis dagegmva xorcieldeba
respublikis sportuli kalendris gaTvaliswinebiT. Sejibrebis
kalendaruli gegma mecnierulad dasabuTebuli unda iyos, rac xels
uwyobs xelburTis ganviTarebis Semdgom aRmavlobas.
8.3. Sejibrebis Catarebis sistemebi
Sejibreba warmoadgens saswavlo-sawvrTno procesis gagrZelebas.
xelburTSi miRebulia Sejibrebis Catarebis sami saxeoba: wriuli,
gamoTiSviTi da Sereuli. Sejibrebis ama Tu im sistemis SerCeva
damokidebulia Sejibrebis amocanebze, sportuli bazis mdgomareobaze,
moTamaSeTa momzadebis doneze, monawile gundebis raodenobaze,
Catarebis vadebze da a.S.
wriuli sistema. Sejibrebis wriuli sistemiT Catarebis principi
imaSi mdgomareobs, rom yvela gundi xvdeba erTmaneTs, rac ara marto
gamarjvebuls avlens, aramed Sejibrebis monawile yvela gundis mier
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dakavebul adgilsac. wriuli sistemis ZiriTadi nakli is aris, rom
Sejibrebis Catareba did dros moiTxovs. Sejibrebebs wriuli sistemiT
atareben TiTo Sexvedrebis (mimosvliT), turebisa da turnirebis saxiT.
Sejibrebebi mimosvliT, rogorc wesi, tardeba rigrigobiT sakuTar
da metoqis moedanze.
xelburTSi yvelaze metad gavrcelebulia Sejibrebebis Catareba
turebad. am SemTxvevaSi gundebi iyofian ramodenime jgufad (es
damokidebulia gundebis raodenobaze) da atareben TamaSs erT adgilas
ramodenime dRis ganmavlobaSi. erTi Sejibreba SeiZleba Sedgebodes
ramodenime turisagan. Sejibrebis aseTi sistemiT Catareba
mizanSewonilia monawile gundebis teritoriuli gafantulobis
SemTxvevaSi. aq naklovanebad SeiZleba CaiTvalos is, rom gundebi
moklebulni arian SesaZleblobas iTamaSon TavianT qalaqebSi, sakuTar
moedanze.
Sejibrebis yvelaze ufro kompaqturi saxea turniri. igi Cveulebriv
tardeba erT adgilas ramodenime dRis ganmavlobaSi. kalendaruli
TamaSebi imarTeba yoveldRiurad dasvenebis dReebis garda.
Sejibrebebis wriuli sistemiT Casatareblad TamaSebis kalendari
SeiZleba Sedges sxvadasxva saxiT. amisaTvis aucilebelia:
1. warmodgenili ganacxadebis safuZvelze dadgindes SejibrebebSi
monawile gundebis raodenoba;
2. ganisazRvros Sejibrebis CatarebisTvis saWiro kalendarul
dReTa raodenoba. unda vicodeT, rom SejibrebaSi kenti ricxvis
gundebis monawileobis SemTxvevaSi kalendaruli dReebis raodenoba
iqneba imdeni, ramdeni gundic monawileobs SejibrebaSi, xolo luwi
raodenobis gundebis monawileobis dros ki kalendaruli dReebis
raodenoba yvela SemTxvevaSi erTiT naklebia monawile gundebis
raodenobaze (magaliTad, YTu SejibrebaSi monawileobs 7 gundi,
TamaSebis Casatareblad saWiro iqneba 7 dRe, xolo Tu monawileTa
ricxvia 8 an 10, TamaSebis Casatareblad saWiro iqneba Sesabamisad 7 an 9
dRe);
3. ganisazRvros cxrili, romlis meSveobiTac Sedgeba TamaSebis
kalendari;
4. Catardes gundebis wilisyra ;
gundebis wilisyra. wilisyris ZiriTadi daniSnulebaa, rom
monawile gundebs mieceT garkveuli nomrebi, romelTa saSualebiTac
xdeba TamaSebis kalendris Sedegna.wilisyris Catarebis win cxaddeba, Tu
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rogori sqemiT iqneba Sedgenili TamaSebis kalendari. wilisyra SeiZleba
iyos saerTo (e.i. wili eyaros yvel gunds) an moxdes gundebis ganTesva
siZlieris mixedviT . rodesac gaTamaSebis sistemis mixedviT yalibdeba
ramdenime qvejgufi, TiTqmis yovelTvis mimarTaven gundebis ganTesvis
meTods. es saSualebas iZleva Seiqmnas erTnairi siZlieris ramodenime
qvejgufi. xelburTSi miRebulia ganTesvis ori varianti: wilisyriT da
e.w. “zmeikiT”. Cveulebriv, gundebis ganTesvisas xelmZRvaneloben
gundebis mier wina sezonSi naCvenebi SedegebiT.
wilisyriT ganTesvis dros winaswar asaxeleben gundebis im
raodenobas, ramdeni qvejgufic aris da atareben wilisyras maT Soris.
magaliTad, SejibrebaSi monawileobs 12 gundi, qvejgufebis raodenoba ki
samia. am 12 gundidan iReben pirvel sam uZlieres gunds da wilisyris
Sedegad anawileben qvejgufebSi, Semdeg momdevno sam uZlieres gunds
da a.S.
ganTesvis wesebi, Tu rogor unda Catardes igi, aregulirebs
Sejibrebis Catarebis debuleba. e.w. “zmeikiT” ganTesvis SemTxvevaSi
Sejibrebis monawile yvela gundis eZleva nomeri wina sezonSi
dakavebuli adgilis mixedviT. Semdeg isini e.w. “zmeikis” saxiT
nawildebian. magaliTisTvis, 12 gundze ori qvejgufisTvis am variantiT
gundebis ganawileba ixileT naxazze:
1 2
4 3
5 6
8 7
9 10
12 11
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pirobiTad marcxena mxare iqneba “a”, romelSic moxvdnen #1, #4, #5,
#8, #9 da #12 gundebi, xolo marjvena mxare iqneba qvejgufi “b”, #2, #3,
#6, #7, #10 da #11 gundebi.
ganTesvis aseTi varianti orive qvejgufSi Tavs uyris Tanabari
siZlieris gundebs. amis damadasturebelia qvejgufebSi ganawilebuli
gundebis nomrebis jami, romelic TiToeulSi udris 39-s.
qvemoT moviyvanT Sejibrebis Catarebis sqemas, damtkicebuls
xelburTis saerTaSoriso federaciis mier:
cxrili 3 da 4 gundebisTvis
Tu SejibrebaSi monawileobs sami gundi, yoveldRe isvenebs is
gundi, romelic frCxilebSi #4-is gaswvriv weria.
dReebi I II III IV V
(1-6) 1-5 1-4 1-3 1-2 2-5 (6-4) 5-3 4-2 (3-6) 3-4 2-3 (6-2) (5-6) 4-5
241 gverdis CaTvliT
Tu SjibrebaSi xuTi gundi monawileobs, yoveldRe isvenebs is
gundi, romelic frCxilebSi #6-is gaswvriv weria.
cxrili 7-8 gundisaTvis
d R e e b i I II III IV V VI VII
(1-8) 1-7 1-6 1-5 1-4 1-3 1-2 2-7 (8-6) 7-5 6-4 5-3 4-2 (3-8) 3-6 2-5 (8-4) 7-3 6-2 (5-8) 4-7
dReebi I II III
(1-4) 1-3 1-2 2-3 (4-2) (3-4)
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4-5 3-4 2-3 (8-2) (7-8) 6-7 5-6
Tu SejibrebaSi Svidi gundi monawileobs, yoveldRe isvenebs is
gundi, romelic frCxilebSi #8-is gaswvriv weria.
cxrili 9-10 gundisaTvis
d R e e b i I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX
(1-10) 1-9 1-8 1-7 1-6 1-5 1-4 1-3 1-2 2-9 (10-8) 9-7 8-6 7-5 6-4 5-3 4-2 (3-10) 3-8 2-7 (10-6) 9-5 8-4 7-3 6-2 (5-10) 4-9 4-7 3-6 2-5 (10-4) 9-3 8-2 (7-10) 6-9 5-8 5-6 4-5 3-4 2-3 (10-2) (9-10) 8-9 7-8 6-7
Tu SejibrebaSi cxra gundi monawileobs, yoveldRe isvenebs is
gundi, romelic frCxilebSi #10-is gaswvriv weria.
cxrili 9-10 gundisaTvis
d R e e b i I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI
(1-12) 1-11 1-10 1-9 1-7 1-7 1-6 1-5 1-4 1-3 1-2 2-11 (12-10) 11-9 10-8 9-7 8-6 7-5 6-4 5-3 4-2 3-12 3-10 2-9 (12-8) 11-7 10-6 9-5 8-4 7-3 6-2 (5-12) 4-11 4-9 3-8 2-7 (12-6) 11-5 10-4 9-3 8-2 (7-12) 6-11 5-10 5-8 4-7 3-6 2-5 (12-4) 11-3 10-2 (9-12) 8-11 7-10 6-9 6-7 5-6 4-5 3-4 2-3 (12-2) (11-12) 10-11 9-10 8-9 7-8
Tu SejibrebaSi 11 gundi monawileobs, yoveldRe isvenebs is gundi,
romelic frCxilebSi #12-is gaswvriv weria.
gamoTiSviTi sistema. am sistemiT gaTamaSeba tardeba gamoTiSviT
erTi an ori wagebis Semdeg. gamoTiSviTi sistemiT Sejibrebis Catarebas
aqvs rogorc dadebiTi, ise uaryofiTi mxareebi. nakli imaSi mdgomareobs,
rom wilisyris Sedegad SesaZlebelia gaTamaSebis pirvelsave etapze
erTmaneTs ori uZlieresi gundi Sexvdes da erT-erTi dasawyisSive
gamoeTiSos Sejibrebas. dadebiTi momenti ki is aris, rom Sejibrebis
Casatareblad naklebi droa saWiro.
gamoTiSviTi sistemiT gaTamaSebaSi monawileobis rigis
gansazRvrisaTvis winaswar unda Sedges cxrili (bade), romelSic
Setanili iqneba gaTamaSebaSi monawile yvela gundi. Tu monawile
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gundebis raodenoba udris 2nxarisxSi (4, 8, 16, 32, 64 da a.S.), yvela gundi
TamaSs gaTamaSebis pirveli kalendaruli dRidanve iwyebs. pirvel turSi
erTmaneTs mezobeli nomrebis mqone gundebi xvdebian: pirveli _ meores,
mesame _ meoTzes, mexuTe _ meeqvses da a.S.
gaTamaSebis meore wreSi erTmaneTs xvdebian pirvel turSi
gamarjvebulebi da Sexvedrebi igive TanmimdevrobiT tardeba: pirvel
wyvilSi gamarjvebuli xvdeba meore wyvilSi gamarjvebuls, mesame
wyvilSi gamarjvebuli _ meoTxe wyvilSi gamarjvebuls da a.S.
Tu gundebis raodenoba rvas udris, unda Catardes sami aseTi turi.
pirvel turSi gamarjvebulebi erTmaneTs meore turSi xvdebian, meore
turSi gamarjvebulebi _ mesameSi da gaiTamaSeben finals.
Tu SejibrebaSi monawile gundebis raodenoba ar Seefardeba 2n
xarisxSi (e.i. ar aris 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 da a.S.), pirveli kalendaruli dRis
monawile gundebis raodenobis gansazRvrisaTvis sargebloben Semdegi
formuliT: (a-2n)*2=x, sadac a gundebis raodenobaa, n ki _ oris xarisxi, romelic iZleva monawile gundebis raodenobis uaxloes umcires ricxvs.
magaliTad, monawile gundebis raodenobaa 10. Ricxvi 2 ayvanil unda
iqnas iseT xarisxSi, rom uaxloesi ricxvi miuaxlovdes gundebis
raodenobas, e.i. 10-s. am SemTxvevaSi ricxvi ayvanil unda iqnas kubSi _
23=8. CavsvaT ricxvebi formulaSi da gavxsnaT frCxilebi:
x=(a-2n)*2+(10-8)*2=2*2=4
amrigad, pirvel kalendarul dRes aTi gundidan iTamaSebs 4 gundi,
6 ki asparezobaSi Caebmeba meore dRidan. pirvel kalendarul dRes
TamaSobs is oTxi gundi, romelic kenWisyris Tanaxmad SuaTana nomrebi
ergoT (nax. 79), e.i. NN4, 5, 6 da 7.
naxazi 79
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
184
10
Tu gundebis raodenoba kentia pirvel kalendarul dResTamaSoben
is gundebi, romlebsac aseve SuaTana nomrebi aqvT. gundebis darCenili
kenti raodenoba SejibrebaSi ebmeba meore kalendaruli dRidan. es
gundebi cxrilSi ganlagdebian zemodan da qvemodan ise, rom qvemoT iyos
erTi gundiT meti.
magaliTad, monawile gundebis raodenobaa 11. CavsvaT es ricxvi
formulaSi: x=(a-2n)*2+(11-23)*2=(11-8)*2=3*2=6
e.i. pirvel dRes TamaSobs eqvsi gundi, xuTi ki TamaSSi ebmeba
meore dRidan. maSasadame, aqac pirvelad kalendarul dRes TamaSobs is 6
gundi, romelsac kenWisyris Tanaxmad SuaTana nomrebi ergoT. darCenili
xuTi gundidan, romlebic meore dRes Caebmebian gaTamaSebaSi, ori
daikavebs adgils cxrilis zemo nawilSi, xolo sami qvemoT (nax. 80).
naxazi 80
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
185
rogorc aRvniSneT, wilisyris Sedegad SeiZleba gaTamaSebis
pirvelsave etapze erTmaneTs ori uZlieresi gundi Sexvdes da erT-erTi
maTgani gamoeTiSos Sejibrebas, an didi iyos SemTxveviTobis elementi.
amis gaTvaliswinebiT am sistemSic iyeneben e.w. ganTesvis princips,
rodesac uZlieresi gundebisaTvis winaswar gamoiyofa nomrebi da
tardeba maT Soris wilisyra imis dasadgenad, Tu romeli gundi
cxrilis romel nawilSi moxvdeba.
naxazi 81
ZiriTadi cxrili 8 gundisaTvis
gamarjvebuli #3
gamoTiSviTi sistemis erT-erTi variantia ori wagebis Semdeg
gamoTiSva. aq SemTxveviTobis elementisagrZnoblad mcirdeba _ gundi
tovebs gaTamaSebas meore wagebis Semdeg. gundebi, romlebmac waages
gaTamaSebis pirvel dRes, damatebiT cxrilSi xvdebian da meore dRes
TamaSoben erTmaneTTan. gaTamaSebis ZiriTad cxrilSi moxvedrili
gundebi, romlebmac ganicades damarcxeba meore kalendarul dRes, aseve
xvdebian damatebiT cxrilSi da erTmaneTTan mesame dRes TamaSoben.
bolos erTmaneTs xvdebian damatebiT da ZiriTad cxrilebSi
gamarjvebulebi. Tu es Sexvedra damTavrda wagebulTa jgufidan
gamarjvebuli gundis sasargeblod, gamodis, rom mowinaaRmdege iRebs
erT (pirvel) damarcxebas da, radgan gundi gaTamaSebas mxolod ori
186
wagebis Semdeg eTiSeba, maT Soris iniSneba damatebiTi TamaSi, romelic
gamoavlens gaTamaSebaSi gamarjvebuls (nax. 81).
damatebiTi cxrili erTxel wagebuli gundebisaTvis
pirveli dRis
wagebuli gundebi
2 2
4 2
5 5 1
8 meore dRis
wagebuli
gundebi
1 1
gamarjvebuli #1
7
mesame dRis
wagebuli
gundebi
6
rogorc am cxrilebidan Cans, ZiriTad cxrilSi gamarjveba
pirobiTad moipova #3 gundma, damatebiT cxrilSi ki _ #1 gundma. Tu
finalur TamaSSi #3 gundma imarjva, is gamarjvebulad cxaddeba, xolo
Tu #1 gundma gaimarjva, iniSneba kidev erTi Sexvedra, romlis Sedegis
mixedviT vlindeba saboloo gamarjvebuli.
Sereuli sistema. SejibrebaSi didi raodebobis gundebis
monawileobisa da maTi teritoriuli gafarToebis SemTxvevaSi, gundebis
mimosvlaze drois xarjis Semcirebis mizniT mimarTaven gaTamaSebis
Sereul sistemas, e.i. gamoiyeneben or ZiriTad sistemas, wriuls da
gamoTiSviTs erTdroulad. am sistemis Tanaxmadmonawile gundebi
teritoriuli an sxva principebis mixedviT iyofian jgufebad an zonebad
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da Sejibrebas erTmaneTs Soris gamoTiSviTi sistemiT atareben, ris
Semdegac gamarjvebuli gundebi finalur jgufs Seadgenen da Sejibreba
wriuli sistemiT gagrZeldeba.
Tavi IX
samecniero-kvleviTi muSaobis
organizacia da meTodika
xelburTSi nebismieri samecniero kvleva, maT Soris pedagogiuri,
garkveuli TanmimdevrobiT xorcieldeba: problemis dasma da Temis
SerCeva, literaturuli wyaroebis analizisa da praqtikuli muSaobis
gamocdilebis ganzogadebis safuZvelze sakiTxis mdgomareobis Seswavla,
kvlevis amocanebis gansazRvra da meTodebis SerCeva, dakvirvebisa da
eqsperimentebis saSualebiT miRebuli masalebis Segroveba, kvlevis
Sedegebis damuSaveba, Teoriuli debulebebisa (daskvnebis) da praqtikuli
rekomendaciebis formulireba.
samecniero-kvleviTi Temis SerCevis gzebi SesaZlebelia
sxvadasxvagvari iyos: erT SemTxvevaSi is SeiZleba rekomendebuli iyos
kargi wamyvani specialistis mier, meore SemTxvevaSi ki Temis arCeva
SeuZlia maZiebels Tavisi interesebis, miswrafebebisa da praqtikuli
gamocdilebis Sesabamisad.
damwyeb mkvlevars mimarTulebas aZlevs da mis muSaobas
akontrolebs mecnier-xelmZRvaneli, romelic monawileobs da exmareba
maZiebels problemis sworad gansazRvrasa da konkretuli Temis
SerCevaSi.
Temis gansazRvris Semdeg mkvlevarma hipoTezurad unda
warmoadginos kvlevis ramodenime an erTi yvelaze ufro SesaZlebeli
saboloo Sedegi. hipoTeza, Tavis mxriv, dakavSirebuli unda iyos
mecnierul ganWvretasTan, unda emyarebodes fundamentur mecnierul
koncefciebs.
samuSao Temas akonkretebs kvlevis calkeuli amocanebi, romlebic
ar unda iyos didi raodenobis, unda hqondeT logikuri Tanmimdevroba
da urTierTkavSiri, iyos uaRresad zusti da konkretuli, risi
meSveobiTac SesaZlebeli iqneba kvlevis msvlelobis naTlad warmodgena.
TiToeuli amocana unda xsnides sakvlevi Temis ama Tu im mxares,
romelTa Sedegebi unda aisaxos naSromis saboloo daskvnebSi.
Temis gansazRvrisa da amocanis dakonkretebis Semdeg samuSaos
unda mieces dasaxeleba, romelic lakonuri unda iyos, zustad asaxavdes
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Sesasrulebeli kvlevis Sinaarssa da azrs. kvlevis mimdinareobis
procesSi dasaSvebia Temis dasaxelebis Secvla.
mecnieruli kvlevis Semdegi etapi eZRvneba sakiTxis mdgomareobis
Seswavlas, romelSic Sedis literaturuli wyaroebis analizi da
praqtikuli gamocdilebis ganzogadeba. kvlevis sawyis etapze
literaturuli wyaroebis Seswavla iZleva Teoriuli monacemebis
gacnobisa da kvlevis meTodikis gansazRvris SesaZleblobas. specialuri
literaturis kiTxva afarToebs da aRrmavebs Teoriul codnas, iZleva
garkveul pasuxs kvlevis procesSi wamoWril mraval sakiTxze.
literaturuli wyaroebis Seswavla iwyeba literaturis SerCeviT.
sworad SerCeuli literatura xels uwyobs bubliografiis Sedgenas.
sakiTxis mdgomareobis Seswavlis Semadgeneli nawilia pedagogiuri
gamocdilebis ganzogadeba. ,,pedagogiuri gamocdilebis” cneba farTo
gagebiT esmiT rogorc swavlebisa da aRzrdis praqtika, viwro gagebiT ki
_ rogorc pedagogebis mier xangrZlivi SemoqmedebiTi muSaobis Sedegad
miRweuli ostatoba.
gamocdilebis ganzogadebis ZiriTad meTodebs warmoadgens:
1. sportuli muSaobis dagegmvisa da aRricxvis mimdinare da
saarqivo masalebis Seswavla;
2. saubrebi da gamokiTxva;
3. anketireba;
4. konferenciebze, seminarebze, federaciis sxdomebze, mwvrTnelTa
sabWoze da sxva RonisZiebebze gamosvlebis Cawera (an oqmebis analizi);
5. saswavlo-sawvrTno mecadineobebisa da Sejibrebebis procesis
pedagogiuri dakvirveba;
6. xelburTelebis momzadebulobis sxvadasxva mxareebisa da
sportuli Sedegebis maCveneblebis Segroveba da sistematizacia;
7. sportsmenebisa da mwvrTnelebis dRiurebis Seswavla da analizi.
pedagodiuri gamocdilebis ganzogadebis peocesSi miRebul
monacemebs garkveuli mniSvneloba eniWeba rogorc damxmare masalas
Semdgomi muSaobisa da eqsperimentebis warmatebiT CatarebaSi.
9.1. kvlevis meTodebi
samecniero-kvleviTi muSaobis mimdinareobis procesSi gamoiyeneba
kvlevis ramodenime meTodi:
189
1. pedagogiur samecniero gamokvlevebSi realizebul unda iqnas
materialisturi dialeqtikis iseTi moTxovnebi, rogoricaa sinamdvilisa
da movlenebis konkretuli Seswavla. filosofiuri principebi da
meTodebi uCveneben sinamdvilis aRqmis saerTo gzas nebismier
mecnierebaSi, maT Soris sportSic;
2. mecnierebaTa farTo wrisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli saerTo meTodebi:
_ logikuri (analizi, sinTezi, induqcia, deduqcia da sxva);
_ dakvirveba;
_ anketireba;
3. is kerZo meTodebi, romlebsac TavianTi kvlevis dros iyeneben
sportTan yvelaze axlos mdgomi mecnierebebi (modelireba, testireba,
prognozireba da a.S.);
4. specialuri meTodebi (qronometrireba, moZraobis analizis
kinomeTodi da a.S.).
zemoT CamoTvlili yvela meTodi urTierTdakavSirebulia da
erTmaneTs ganapirobebs. mecnieruli kvlevis saerTo meTodologiis
bazaze iyeneben kvlevis kerZo meTodebs. sportis dargSi farTod
gamoiyeneba momijnave mecnierebebis meTodebi. sxva mecnierebebTan mWidro
kavSiri ganapirobebs sportis kanonzomierebebis Seswavlis
mravalmxrivobasa da obieqturobas. swored amitomaa, rom xelburTSi da
sportis sxva saxeobebSi Catarebuli pedagogiuri gamokvlevebis
umravlesobisaTvis tipiuria meTodebis kompleqsuri gamoyeneba.
magaliTad, rogorc aRvniSneT, xelburTelebis momzadebis winaSe
dasmuli amocanebis gadawyveta SeuZlebelia mecnierebis iseT dargebTan
kavSiris gareSe, rogoricaa pedagogika, fsiqologia, sociologia,
fiziologia, anatomia, fizikuri aRzrdis Teoria, sportuli medicina da
sxva. xelburTelebis wvrTnis procesi mWidro kavSirSia pedagogikasTan,
romlis safuZvlebsac emyareba xelburTis swavlebisa da wvrTnis
sakiTxebi.
swavlebisa da wvrTnis sakiTxebis gadasaWrelad aucileblad
gasaTvaliswinebelia momecadineTa realuri samyaro, misi fsiqika.
xelburTelis fsiqikuri mdgomareobis asaxsnelad saWiroa uSualo
kavSiri rogorc zogadi fsiqologiis, ise mis specialur nawilTan _
sportul fsiqologiasTan. rogorc cnobilia, sporti zogadad da,
kerZod, xelburTi sakmaod did datvirTvas aZlevs organoebs, rac
TavisTavad did fiziologiur ZvrebTanaa dakavSirebuli. amitom
xelburTis swavlebisa da wvrTnis procesis mowyveta fiziologiisagan
dauSvebelia. mxolod fiziologiuri procesebis Rrma da safuZvliani
codniT SeiZleba daregulirdes organizmSi wvrTnis Sedegad mimdinare
190
sxvadasxva movlena. aseve warmoudgenelia sporti adamianis normaluri
anatomiis gareSe. mwvrTnelma unda icodes, kunTebis romeli jgufi
muSaobs ama Tu im ileTis Sesrulebisas, rogoria maTi ganlageba da
moZraobis dinamika.
xelburTelebis wvrTna uSualod dakavSirebulia sportul
medicinasTan, romlis saSualebiTac xorcieldeba xelburTelebis
saeqimo kontroli. sportsmenis organizmis funqcionaluri mdgomareobis
gamokvleva iZleva fizikuri datvirTvis sworad ganawilebis saSualebas.
xelburTelebis saswavlo-sawvrTno procesis datvirTvis
Sesaswavlad iyeneben dakvirvebisa da qronometrirebis meTods,
datvirTvebis mimarTulebis gansasazRvrad _ pulsometrias da a.S.
romelime calkeuli problemis gamokvlevisaTvis iyeneben meTodTa
mTel rig kompleqsebs. magaliTad, xelburTelis fizikuri
momzadebulobis gamokvlevisaTvis iyeneben testebis, polidinamometriis,
antropometriis, tenzometriis da sxva meTodebs.
antropometria sportsmenis fizikuri ganviTarebis kvlevis
meTodia. xelburTelebisaTvis am meTods erT-erTi umTavresi
mniSvneloba aqvs, radgan moTamaSis simaRle da misi dinamika aranakleb
gadamwyveti faqtoria umaRlesi rangis sportsmenis momzadebis saqmeSi.
antropometria gansazRvravs fizikuri ganviTarebis ZiriTadi
maCveneblebis sidides: sxeulis sigrZe da masa; kisris, mkerdis, mxrebis,
TeZoebis garSemoweriloba; mtevnis da welis Zala, spirometria.
antropometriaSi Sedis aseve somatoskopia: gul-mkerdis forma,
muskulebis ganviTareba, fexebisa da terfis forma da sxva.
polidinamometriaaris meTodi, romlis meSveobiTac iqmneba kunTTa
jgufebis siZlieris SesaZleblobebis topografiuli suraTi.
xelburTelebis kunTTa jgufebis Zalis gasazomad farTod iyeneben
xelis, welisa da universalur dinamometrebs.
moTamaSeTa siswrafis gasazomad iyeneben wammzomebs, xtomebis
gasazomad _ e.w. abalakovis mowyobilobas, moqnilobis, simarjvis,
gamZleobisa da sxva Tvisebebis gasazomad ki _ specialur testebs,
romelTa saSualebiTac SesaZlebelia nebismieri asakis xelburTelebis
fizikuri, teqnikuri da taqtikuri momzadebulobis donis gansazRvra.
xelburTelTa specialuri fizikuri Tvisebebis ganviTarebis dones
xSir SemTxvevaSi gansazRvraven sxvadasxva teqnikuri saSualebis
gamoyenebiT.
Tanamedrove etapze wvrTnis meTodikis srulyofisaTvis gadamwyveti
mniSvneloba eniWeba datvirTvaze organizmis sapasuxo reaqciaze vrceli
da obieqturi informaciis miRebas, e.i. saWiroa Seswavlil iqnas
191
xelburTelis funqcionaluri momzadebuloba, radgan umaRlesi
sportuli Sedegebis miRweva pirdapir damokidebulebaSia
gulsisxlZarRvTa da sasunTqi gzebis sistemebis ganviTarebasTan,
sayrden-mamoZravebeli aparatisa da nervul sistemebTan.
funqcionalur Zvrebze damatebiTi cnobebis misaRebad mimarTaven bioqimiur meTodebs, romlebic avlenen organizmSi sxvadasxva
maCveneblebis Tanafardobas.
TamaSis teqnikisa da taqtikis kvlevis dros iyeneben kompleqsur meTodebs _ fotografirebas, kinogadaRebas, kinociklografiasa da a.S. Semdgomi biomeqanikuri analiziT, dReisaTvis am meTodebs Soris yvelaze
efeqturi saSualebaa videomagnitofoni, romlis saSualebiTac firze
aRibeWdeba xelburTelis nebismieri moqmedeba da keTdeba analizi.
eleqtrografiis meTodiT SesaZlebelia kunTebis biodenebis
registracia, romlis saSualebiTac moZraobis gansazRvrul momentSi
SeiZleba msjeloba kunTebis aqtivobis xarisxze.
xelburTelebis taqtikuri momzadebis sakiTxebi, moTamaSeTa
dakompleqteba da maTi SeTamaSeba gundSi xdeba fsiqologiuri da sociometriuli meTodebiT.
rogori meTodic ar unda iqnas gamoyenebuli kvlevis mimdinareobis
procesSi, eqsperimentis Sedegad miRebuli masala unda damuSavdes
maTematikuri statistikis meTodiT.
miuxedavad Cvens mier CamoTvlili meTodebis mravalferovnebisa,
pedagogiur mecnierebaSi yvelaze xSirad iyeneben dakvirvebis, eqsperimentisa da miRebuli monacemebis registraciisa da damuSavebis meTodebs.
9.1.1. dakvirvebis meTodi. pedagogiuri dakvirveba warmoadgens
mecnieruli informaciis miRebis erT-erT umniSvnelovanes meTods.
kvlevis amocanebis Sesabamisad mecnieruli dakvirvebisaTvis
damaxasiaTebelia arCeviTi mimarTuleba, sistematuroba da
gegmazomiereba.
faqtebze da movlenebze uSualo dakvirveba Semecnebis saimedo
gzaa. dakvirveba kvlevis farTod gamoyenebuli meTodia yvela
mecnierebaSi da, kerZod, pedagogikaSic. aseve farTod gamoiyeneba es
meTodi sportSi. wvrTnis procesze dakvirvebis gziT saSualeba gveZleva
SeviswavloT da ganvazogadoT mowinave gundebis, calkeuli
moTamaSeebisa da mwvrTnelebis gamocdileba misi praqtikaSi Semdgomi
farTod danergvis mizniT.
192
sportSi pedagogiuri dakvirveba aris Sesaswavli movlenebis
maxasiaTeblebis xarisxobrivi da ricxobrivi maCveneblebis
mizanmimarTuli, gegma-zomieri da sistematuri aRqma, romelic
xorcieldeba saswavlo-sawvrTno da saSejibro procesebSi mkvlevaris
yovelgvari Carevis gareSe. dakvirvebis Casatareblad seriozuli da
gulmodgine mzadebaa saWiro, aucilebelia:
1. ganisazRvros dakvirvebis gegma da amocanebi;
2. SeirCes dakvirvebis obieqti;
3. ganisazRvros dakvirvebis Catarebis meTodebi da xerxebi;
4. Camoyalibdes dakvirvebis Sedegad miRebuli masalis analizis
meTodebi.
sportuli wvrTnis praqtikaSi dakvirvebebis Casatareblad sxvadasxvagvar
sqemebs, oqmebs, cxrilebsa da specialuri pirobiTi niSnebiT aRniSnul
aRricxvis baraTebs iyeneben.
Tanamedrove etapze sportSi danergili teqnikuri saSualebebis
meSveobiT pedagogiuri dakvirvebebi ufro xSirad xorcieldeba
videoaparaturis daxmarebiT. es meTodi gacilebiT meti raodenobiT
iZleva sxvadasxva saxis obieqtur informacias.
9.1.2. eqsperimentis meTodi. eqsperimenti laTinuri sityvaa da
,,sinjvas, cdas” niSnavs. igi mecnierulad dayenebuli cda an specialuri
mizniT organizebuli dakvirvebaa ama Tu im faqtis an movlenis
Sesaswavlad, an winaswar aRebuli daskvnebis WeSmaritebis yovelmxriv
Sesamowmeblad.
eqsperimentis, rogorc kvlevis meTodis upiratesoba imaSi
mdgomareobs, rom igi saSualebas iZleva esa Tu is procesi
izolirebulad iqnas ganxiluli. igi gulisxmobs agreTve wina
dakvirvebaTa Sedegad miRebuli daskvnebis praqtikul Semowmebas, zogjer
iseTi pirobebis Seqmnas, romlebic bunebaSi im saxiT, rogorc gvsurs,
arc SeiZleba arsebobdes. eqsperimentis gziT saSualeba gveZleva
mravalgzis gavimeoroT esa Tu is procesi, romelic Tavis bunebriv
mimdinareobaSi SeiZleba iSviaTad meordebodes, da mivceT mas Cvens mier
winaswar ganzraxuli mimarTuleba pirobebis TandaTanobiTi cvlis gziT.
sportSi eqsperimenti ufro Rrma da efeqturi meTodia, vidre
pedagogiuri dakvirveba, vinaidan is iZleva SesaZleblobas:
1. ramodenimejer ganmeorebul iqnas Sesaswavli movlenebi nebismier
pirobebSi;
193
2. Seswavlil iqnas iseTi movlenebi an procesebi, romlebzec
izolirebulad dakvirveba SeuZlebelia;
3. Seiqmnas igive pirobebi da Tavidan iqnas Semowmebuli adre
Catarebuli gamokvlevebi.
arsebobs eqsperimentuli kvlevis meTodis ramodenime varianti,
romlebic maTi Catarebis pirobebidan gamomdinareobs.
bunebriv eqsperiments atareben saSejibro da sawvrTno moqmedebebis
dros mkvlevaris Caurevlad, Tumca sawvrTno mecadineobebis dros
SeiZleba muSaobisa da dasvenebis dozirebis winaswar gansazRvra.
miRebuli informaciis safuZvelze eqsperimentma unda daazustos esa Tu
is hipoTeza, raTa ganisazRvros swori mimarTuleba Semdgomi
kvlevisaTvis.
modeluri eqsperimenti miznad isaxavs kvlevis Catarebas calkeuli
modelis gamoyenebiT, romelic SeiZleba aiRon saTamaSo moqmedebebidan
(magaliTad, burTis tyorcna karSi xtomis gareSe da sxva).
laboratoriuli eqsperimentis dros avtorebi gamokvlevas
metwilad adamianis sxvadasxva maCveneblis Sesaxeb fiziologiuri
informaciis misaRebad atareben (magaliTad, veloergometriis
saSualebiT gansazRvraven Jangbadze maqsimalur moTxovnilebas da sxva).
eqsperimentis Casatareblad aucilebelia:
1. winaswar safuZvlianad iqnas Seswavlili problemis Teoria da
praqtika da maT safuZvelze ganisazRvros samuSao hipoTezac;
2. sruli informaciis misaRebad Sedges eqsperimentis Catarebis
vrceli (dawvrilebiTi) gegma;
3. detalurad damuSavdes kvlevis calkeuli elementebis Sinaarsi
da Tanmimdevroba;
4. Sesaswavl procesze sistemeturi kontroli;
5. sakuTari kvlevis Sedegad miRebuli monacemebis Sedareba ukve
arsebulTan da mecnierebis Tanamedrove poziciebidan aixsnas
gamovlenili faqtebi;
6. konkretuli midgoma eqsperimentis msvlelobis procesSi
miRebuli Sedegebisadmi; sistemeturad gaisinjos monacemebi, gaanalizdes
isini da, Tu SesaZlebeli iqneba, maTematikurad damuSavdes.
amas garda, eqsperimentis Casatareblad saWiroa SerCeul iqnas
Tanabari monacemebis mqone gamosacdeli jgufebi, gaTanabrebul iqnas
eqsperimentis pirobebi, gamosacdelTa mTliani Semadgenloba
194
SenarCunebul iqnas eqsperimentis damTavrebamde, minimumamde iqnas
dayvanili gareSe faqtorebis zegavlena. registraciis meTodebizusti da
saimedo unda iyos. yvela gamosacdelisaTvis aparatura erTnairi unda
iyos.
9.1.3. miRebuli monacemebis registraciisa da damuSavebis meTodebi. Sesaswavl problemaze eqsperimentis Catarebis Sedegad miRebuli
monacemebis Segroveba gegmazomierad, mofiqrebulad da mecnierulad
dasabuTebulad unda xdebodes. kvlevis Sedegad miRebuli informacia
damuSavebul unda iqnas maTematikuri statistikis meTodebiT, romlebic
srul warmodgenas iZleva sportSi mimdinare sxvadasxvagvari movlenis
kanonzomierebebze.
9.1.4. samecniero naSromebis saxeebi. samecniero naSromebis saxeebi SeiZleba warmodgenil iqnas disertaciis, referatis, samecniero statiis,
saxelmZRvanelos, Tezisebisa da monografiis saxiT.
disertaciis samuSao gegma saorientaciod SeiZleba aseTi
TanmimdevrobiT iqnas warmodgenili:
1. satitulo furceli. satitulo furclis dverdi unda iyos
iseTi, rogorc es naCvenebia naxazze.
im organizaciis dasaxeleba, sadac Sesrulda disertacia xelnaweris uflebiT
maZieblis gvari da saxeli
disertaciis dasaxeleba
disertacia mecnierebaTa kandidatis (direqtoris) samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad samecniero xelmZRvaneli (konsultanti)
qalaqi weli
2. sarCevi. sarCevi unda iyos gaSlili. masSi Tanmimdevrulad
Camoiwereba yvela ganayofis saTaurebi da maTi ganTavsebis gverdebi.
195
3. Sesavali. aq mocemulia Temis ZiriTadi Sinaarsi da misi
daniSnuleba.
4. Tavi pirveli. sadisertacio naSromis es nawili mTlianad eTmoba
literaturul wyariebSi da Tanamedrove praqtikaSi sakiTxis
mdgomareobis gaSuqebas. samamulo da sazRvargareTuli avtorebis
naSromebze dayrdnobiT xdeba literaturis mimoxilva, romelSic
gadmoicema sakiTxis istoria da misi kritikuli garCeva. aqve mohyavT
calkeuli avtorebis gamonaTqvamebi. naSromis es nawili mTlianobaSi
yalibdeba Tanamedrove praqtikis Seswavlisa da gamocdilebis
ganzogadebis safuZvelze.
5. Tavi meore eTmoba kvlevis mizans, amocanebs, meTodebs da
organizacias. aq yalibdeba samuSaos amocanebi da is meTodebis,
romelTa saSualebiTac unda iqnas gadawyvetili es amocanebi.
gamosayenebeli aparaturisa da kvlevis meTodika dawvrilebiT unda
gadmoices. aseve dawvrilebiT unda iqnas aRwerili kvlevis organizacia
(gamosacdeli kontingenti, misi kvalifikacia, asaki, antropometruli
monacemebi, kvlevis Catarebis dro da adgili).
6. Tavi mesame. sadisertacio naSromis am nawilSi mocemulia
kvlevis erT-erTi ZiriTadi ganayofi _ pedagogiuri eqsperimentis anu
sakuTari monacemebis analizi. aq faqtobrivi masalagarkveulad da
mkafiod unda iqnas Camoyalibebuli, rac unda aisaxos Sesabamis
cxrilebSi, grafikebSi da a.S.
7. daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi.
8. bibliografia.
naSromebi, romlebic warmoadgenen mecnierul Rirebulebas,
gamoyenebul unda iqnas statiebis saxiT, romelTa moculoba SeiZleba 5-
20 gvardi iyos. samecniero statia miznad isaxavs kvlevis ZiriTadi
Sedegebis Camoyalibebas (mokle Sinaarsi, eqsperimentuli nawili da
daskvnebi).
Tezisebi aris moxsenebis, leqciis da misi, mokled
Camoyalibebuli ZiriTadi debulebebi. maTi moculoba Cveulebriv 2-3
manqaniT nabeWdi gverdia.
saxelmZRvanelo moicavs sakiTxTa farTo speqtrs, iZleva srul
warmodgenas xelburTSi Sesaswavl sakiTxebze. saxelmZRvanelos weren
arsebuli Sromebis masalebze dayrdnobiT da urTaven samecniero
samuSaos Sedegad miRebul daskvnebsa da rekomendaciebs. masala
gadmocemul unda iqnas gasagebi eniT, yovelgvari mtkicebulebebis
gareSe.
196
disertacia laTinuri sityvaa da ,,kvlevas, msjelobas” niSnavs.
Cvens qveyanaSi disertacias icaven mecnierebaTa kandidatis an doqtoris
xarisxebis mosapoveblad.
mecnierebaTa kandidatis xarisxis mosapoveblad warmodgenili
naSromi unda iyos dasrulebuli samecniero gamokvleva da asaxavdes
maZieblis wignierebas, maRal profesiul dones, avtoris mier gadaWrili
unda iyos xelburTisaTvis arsebiTi mnisvnelobis mqone sakiTxebi,
romlebic uzrunvelyofen sportisaTvis mnisvnelovani sakiTxebis
gadawyvetas.
mecnierebaTa doqtoris samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad
warmodgenili naSromi unda iyos dasrulebuli. samecniero gamookvleva,
romelSic gadawyvetilia aqtualuri samecniero problema da miRebulia
sportis dargSi arsebuli saerTaSoriso donis Sesatyvisi Sedegebi.
disertacia unda akmayofilebdes qvemoT CamoTvlil pirobasTan erT-erTs
an maT erTobliobas:
1. gadaWrilia mniSvnelovani samecniero problema;
2. damuSavebuli Teoriuli debulebebi axalia da
mniSvnelovani sportuli TamaSebisa da kerZod,
xelburTis ganviTarebisaTvis;
sakandidato da sadoqtoro disertacia SeiZleba warmodgenil
iqnas gamocemuli monografiis saxiT.
monografia vrceli mecnieruli naSromia, romelic damusavebulia
erTi romelime Tema an sakiTxi.
197
gamoyenebuli literaturis sia
1. ალთაბაევი, ვ., კაზანჯიანი, ა., ტუღუში, მ. კალათბურთი. სპორტის აკადემია 2007. 2. აფციაური, ლ., ტუღუში, მ. ფიზიკური აღზრდა 5. ”დიოგენე”, თბილისი, 2010. 3. ეროვნული სასწავლო გეგმა. ეროვნული სასწავლო გეგმებისა და შეფასების ცენტრი.
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კახიძის რედაქციით). მესამე ნაწილი, თბილისი, 2007. 12. ძაგანია, ჯ. ხელბურთი. გამომცემლობა „განათლება“, თბილისი, 1993. 13. ძაგანია, ჯ. სპორტულ თამაშებში მაღალი კვალიფიკაციის სპორტსმენების
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