XenophobiaXenophobiaUgly stereotypes and prejudice Ugly stereotypes and prejudice mark anti-immigration cartoonsmark anti-immigration cartoons

49542228 黃馨瑤49642210 洪釧瑜49642246 林中河49642250 黃凱明

XenophobiaXenophobia

• Fear or dislike of foreigners

1850s: Chinese immigrants the U.S.A.

1860s~1870s:Chinese the West Coast (California)

1860s, California: 84%: in rural mining regions 7.8%: in San Francisco

1870s, California: 24.4%: in San Francisco Chinatown

The growing anti-Chinese sentiment

In the printed media

Increasingly negative Positive images

Slanting eyesMore-slanting

eyebrowsA long queueTraditional

Chinese clothing

Monopoly

Clothing factories

Shirt manufactory

UnderwearBox factoryLaundryCubaHavana

Immigration of Immigration of Chinese laborChinese labor19th California-gold rush

Building of the First Transcontinental Railroad.

California-gold rushCalifornia-gold rush1848-1855 Background Janes W MarshallForty niniersTen thousands from Latin America, Europe,

Austrilia and China

EffectDevelopment of government and commerceEffects on Native AmericansAnti-foreigner laws (Chinese, Latin American)World-wide economic stimulation (British

manufacture china clothing)

Building of the First Building of the First Transcontinental Transcontinental RailroadRailroad1863-1869 (after California gold rush)

BackgroundPacific railroadProvide timber and cropsMainly Constructed by Chinese immigrant labor

(reason?)

Chinese Exclusion Chinese Exclusion ActAct

1882BackgroundGold rush (first? Reason for hire?)After Civil war (Politicized by Denis Kearney)

(California Governor- John Bigler) (California government, tax) (1860, reason of exclusion)

Chinese Exclusion Chinese Exclusion ActAct

ActBy 1878 congress decided to pass

legislationCalifornia -1881 March 6th 1882 fully pass (action?)1888 Scott Act (action?)1924 Immigration Act (action?)1943 Magnuson Act

Magnuson ActMagnuson Act

Background(1943, Warren G. Magnuson )

Content

Important immigration acts of U.S.

The Naturalization Act of 1790 established the rules for naturalized citizenship

The Page Act of 1875 is the first act restricting immigration

The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was an explicitly race-based immigration act.

The Act of 1891 established a Commissioner of Immigration in the Treasury Department.

The Geary Act of 1892 extended and strengthened the Chinese Exclusion Act

The Chinese Exclusion Repeal Act of 1943,Magnuson Act repealed the Chinese Exclusion Act and permitted Chinese nationals already in the country to become naturalized citizens

The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 (or Hart-Cellar Act) discontinued quotas based on national origin, while preference given to those who have U.S. relatives. For the first time Mexican immigration was restricted.

Talking pointsTalking points

1. Anti-immigration themes abound in early political cartoons. This vicious portrayal of a Chinese immigrant reflected the anger of many Californians in the 1800s. Chinese immigrants were so skilled and efficient they soon dominated the cigar, clothing and laundry trades. What made the Chinese easy scapegoats for San Franciscans frustrated by high unemployment?

Talking pointsTalking points

* Scapegoat : Someone or a group of people who

is/are singled out, unjustifiably blamed, and targeted with severe hostility.

Talking pointsTalking points

Ans:1869Central Pacific RailroadDriving Chinese out A mass movement (in San Francisco

in 1877 )

Talking pointsTalking points

2. Are similar cultural biases evident in the reaction to Latino immigration issues in the states bordering Mexico and elsewhere?

Cultural BiasCultural BiasThe phenomenon of interpreting

and judging phenomena

Economics, psychology, anthropology, and sociology

Color, location of body parts, mate selection, concepts of justice and taboos

Stereotypes of Stereotypes of immigrantsimmigrants

Italian: dark hair, olive skin, thick dark, eyebrows, eat pasta, talking loudly

Black: stupid, speak different English, dirty, disrespect, violent, poor

Irish: potatoes, excellent poets, beautiful voices, fun, stupid

Stereotypes of Stereotypes of immigrantsimmigrantsJewish: very greedy, large noses,

money grabbing cheats, kidnappers, monsters

Latino: lazy, dark, indians, loud, they are Mexican

Mexico- United States Mexico- United States BorderBorderInternational border

Runs from San Diego, California, Tijuana and other place

3,169 km

Most frequently crossed border

Mexico- United Mexico- United States BorderStates Border

To prevent illegal movement across the Mexico- United States border

Talking points

3.Racist and ethnic stereotyping in cartoons was common in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Define “stereotype” and explain how the term applies to this drawing. Would this cartoon be published by the mainstream press today?

Talking pointsStereotype, is a common belief about

specific social groups or types of individuals.

Tradition clothing, small eyes and the hairstyle.

Human rights, respect other people. This kind of cartoon is too offensive.

Thank you for your attention!