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ISBN 965-7275-01-6© Dct ghfdf cj[hfyz/ncz pf fdnjhjv© All rights reserved

©

:tkf/ob[ pfrfpfnm rybueghjczn j,hfofnmcz gj ntk. 02-5400005

Toldos Yeshurun 1099 E. 18th Street Brooklyn, NY 11230Tel. (718)382 7119Fax . (972)25400 946E-mail: info@toldosyeshurun.org

$...xnj,s ns jcnfkcz tdhttv$.

Content 20/9/56 23:15 Page 2

Ghtlbckjdbt

Xfcnm 1. Vjz hjljckjdyfz

Ukfdf 1. K/wby

Ukfdf 2. Ht;bwf

Xfcnm 2. Rfpfym

Ukfdf 1. Dvtcnj irjks

Ukfdf 2. Vjb eybdthcbntns

Ukfdf 3. Djqyf

Ukfdf 4. Celm,s djtyys[ ktn

Ukfdf 5. :tybnm,f

Ukfdf 6. Ctvmz vjtq ;tys

Ukfdf 7. <hbns d Rfpfyb

Ukfdf 8. J hfpys[ k/lz[

Ukfdf 9. Vjb ctrhtns

Ukfdf 10. Fhtcn

Ukfdf 11. D kfutht

Ukfdf 12. Gjcktlybq ujl pfrk/xtybz

Ukfdf 13. <tucndj bp Rfpfyb

Xfcnm 3. Nfirtyn

Ukfdf 1. Yf yjdjv vtcnt

Ukfdf 2. Irjkmyst ghj,ktvs

Ukfdf 3. Tdhtqcrfz ;bpym d Ep,trbcnfyt

Ukfdf 4. Ltnb hfcnen

Ukfdf 5. Vjb nfirtyncrbt lhepmz

Ukfdf 6. Gthtl jn(tpljv

Xfcnm 4. Bphfbkm

Ukfdf 1. $Cdj,jlysq vbh$

Ukfdf 2. Cxfcnkbdst ujls

Ukfdf 3. Bphfbkmcrfz cgtwbabrf% utns b ub/hs

Ukfdf 4. Dcnhtxb d Bphfbkt

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Z uke,jrj ghbpyfntkty Rfhvtkt Hfqp pf nj> xnj jyf yfcnjzkf

yf cjplfybb 'njq rybub> f nfr;t jrfpfkf ytjwtybve/ gjvjom

d pfgbcb vjb[ hfccrfpjd b gjcktle/otq b[ gjlujnjdrt

r gtxfnb. Rhjvt njuj> dshf;f/ uke,jre/ ,kfujlfhyjcnm htlfrnj-

he Dbrnjhbb Ahblvfy pf ghjatccbjyfkmye/ kbnthfnehye/

j,hf,jnre b rhjgjnkbde/ hf,jne yfl rybujq.

Hfd Bw[fr Pbkm,th

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ujlf yf bc[jlt rf;ljq ce,,jns dtkfcm pfgbcm ecnys[ hfccrfpjd

hfdf Bw[frf Pbkm,thf. Pfntv d rybut !yfxbyfz c $rfpfycrjuj

gthbjlf$@ gjzdbkbcm dcnfdrb% crfpfkb cdjt ckjdj ;bdst jxtdblws.

Tot rfrjt-nj dhtvz byajhvfwbz enjxyzkfcm> ljgjkyzkfcm b

j,hf,fnsdfkfcm. Gj'njve lfns d cnbkt $cnjkmrj-nj ktn yfpfl$

cktletn jnyjcbnm yt r ujle bplfybz rybub> f r vjvtyne gthdjq

pfgbcb djcgjvbyfybq.

Content 20/9/56 23:15 Page 4

Z ybrjulf yt cj,bhfkcz gbcfnm djcgjvbyfybz. Cxbnfk> xnj 'nj yt-

rhfcbdj> - cfvjve ct,z hfcgbcsdfnm. Yj d xfcnys[ hfpujdjhf[ b d

ktrwbz[> gthtl felbnjhbtq> vyt ckexfkjcm dcgjvbyfnm k/ltq b cj-

,snbz> rjnjhst> rfr rfpfkjcm> vjukb vyjujve yfexbnm. Cj,tctlyb-

rb ;t b ckeifntkb e,t;lfkb vtyz> xnj jgbcsdftvst ghjbcit-

cndbz b celm,s ghjbpdjlzn uke,jrjt dgtxfnktybt b ;fkm> tckb jyb

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xnj 'nj ltqcndbntkmyj df;yj.

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nhbfynfv ŸŸbp Hjccbb~~ ghtlkj;bkb gjt[fnm d Fvthbre lkz exfcnbz

d ŸŸlbytht~~ - ,kfujndjhbntkmyjv j,tlt> ult cj,bhfkb ltymub lkz cb-

cntvs htkbubjpyjuj j,hfpjdfybz d Bphfbkt. Yfit ghbcencndbt

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dbnmcz dct ,jkmit. Z cjukfcbkcz. D Fvthbrt hfd Gby[fc Nfqw !vjq

ldj/hjlysq ,hfn> z j ytv tot hfccrf;e@ cghjcbk% ŸŸ{jxtim gjuj-

djhbnm c jlybv bp evytqib[ k/ltq d vbht*~~ - b ghbdtk vtyz r

hfde Bw[fre Uenythe> ,kfujckjdtyyf gfvznm ghfdtlybrf.

Hfd Bw[fr Uenyth - jlby bp rhegytqib[ tdhtqcrb[ fdnjhbnt-

njd cjdhtvtyyjcnb. Chtlb dslf/ob[cz k/ltq yfituj dhtvtyb yt-

vfkj tuj extybrjd> d b[ xbckt b ;bdeobq ctqxfc d Bphfbkt hfd

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cjv b edf;tybtv.

Z pfitk r hfde Uenythe yf ltcznm vbyen. F ghj,sk> yfdthyj>

,jkmit gjkexfcf. "nf dcnhtxf vyjujt bpvtybkf d vjtq ;bpyb b d

vjtv gjdtltybb.

G H T LBCKJ DB T

Part I 28/8/56 21:15 Page 5

Hfdf Uenythf bynthtcjdfkj> rfr ;t z hfcnbk b djcgbnsdfk cdj-

b[ ltntq !d Cjdtncrjv Cj/pt - htkbubjpysvb tdhtzvb@. Z cnfk

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cbltnm d ujcnz[ e dtkbrjuj xtkjdtrf b ,jknfnm j ct,t. Z gjlevfk%

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vyjuj ujdjh/. F jy djcrkbryek% ŸŸGjdthmnt - tckb ,s z yt cnslbk-

cz> z ,s pfgkfrfk. Hfccrfpsdfqnt> hfccrfpsdfqnt b hfccrfpsdfqnt

dctv^~~

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,sk ghfd.

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ijq ,tlt> yj> r cxfcnm/> yt bvtk gjcktlcndbq.

Hjlbntkb ,skb vjbvb gthdsvb b tlbycndtyysvb exbntkzvb b

6GHTLBCKJDBT

Hfd Bw[fr Uenyth

Part I 28/8/56 21:15 Page 6

exbkb cj vyjq Njhe. Z ,sk tot cjdctv vfk> rjulf ghjxtk> xnj

vt;le yfvb> tdhtzvb> b <-ujv ceotcndetn cj/p. Cnb[> ult Fdhf-

fve zdkztncz <-u b ujdjhbn% ŸŸB Z ecnfyjdk/ Vjq cj/p vt;le

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it crfpfyj% ŸŸB Z lfv nt,t b ndjtve gjnjvcnde gjckt nt,z ptvk/

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- cghjcbk z.

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kb jndtxfkb% ŸŸ<eltim^~~ - b z htibk ltqcndjdfnm. Tckb e hjlbntktq

tcnm ghbxbys> gj rjnjhsv jyb vtlkzn> nj e vtyz b[ ytn> b z> gj-

kexbd jn <-uf nfrjt j,tofybt> nzyenm yt cj,bhf/cm.

Dszcybd e ghj[j;b[> ult yf[jlbncz rjvbccfhbfn byjcnhfyys[

ltk> z jnghfdbkcz nelf b cghjcbk ukfdyjuj. Gjljitk r ytve b uj-

djh/%

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yt d[jlbkf d cjcnfd CCCH@> d ujhjl Hfuedf Gfytdt;crjq j,kfcnb.

Afvbkbz - Ifgbhj.

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Part I 28/8/56 21:15 Page 7

- Pfxtv nt,t d Kbnde> vfkmxbr*

Z ghjcnjleiyj jndtxfk%

- Vyt ye;yj ,eltn t[fnm d Gfktcnbye> f bp Hjccbb nelf yt ds-

gecrf/n. Gj'njve z [jxe gjt[fnm d Kbnde> f jnnelf - d Gfktcnbye.

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yzk> rfrjq jgfcyjcnb gjldthu jnwf b vfnm. Kbim xeljv vj;yj

j,(zcybnm> xnj b[ yt fhtcnjdfkb. B z [jxe pltcm ghbpyfnm cdj/ db-

ye. Z gjcnegbk ytghfdbkmyj. Yj z ,sk vjkjl b yfbdty> vyt ,skj

djctvm ktn. Hjlbntkzv> ,kfujckjdtyyf b[ gfvznm> z nfr ybrjulf j,

'njv ckexft b yt hfccrfpfk.

8GHTLBCKJDBT

Part I 28/8/56 21:15 Page 8

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Part I 28/8/56 21:15 Page 9

Part I 28/8/56 21:16 Page 10

GHFLTLS

Vjq ghfghfltl cj cnjhjys jnwf - hfd Lj-

dbl Wb/yb - ;bk ldtcnb ktn yfpfl. D gj-

cktlybt ujls ;bpyb jy ,sk hfddbyjv uj-

hjlf K/wby> bkb Kewby !nfr lj ctvyflwf-

njuj ujlf yfpsdfkcz kfnsicrbq ujhjl

Kelpf@. D nt dhtvtyf 'nf nthhbnjhbz d[j-

lbkf d cjcnfd wfhcrjq Hjccbb.

Ghbvthyj r 'njve dhtvtyb jnyjcbn-

cz ghtlfybt j njv> rfr gjzdbkjcm d K/wb-

yt gthdjt tdhtqcrjt rkfl,bot.

"nj ghjbpjikj d 1765 ujle> rjulf 'nb

rhfz tot gjlxbyzkbcm Gjkmcrjve rjhjktd-

cnde !r Hjccbb jyb ,skb ghbcjtlbytys

ctvm ktn cgecnz@. :bk d nt ujls d K/wb-

yt tdhtq-gjhnyjq Vjqit ,ty-Lfdbl.

Vt;le ybv b yttdhtzvb-rfnjkbrfvb> c

rjnjhsvb jy hf,jnfk> ckexbkfcm ccjhf> b

nt ljytckb gjvtobre> ,elnj Vjqit yfl-

heufkcz yfl bpj,hf;tybtv cdznjuj. Gjvt-

obr dspdfk Vjqit r ct,t b gjnht,jdfk>

xnj,s jy jnhtrcz jn tdhtqcndf b ghbyzk

ŸŸtlbycndtyyj bcnbyye/~~ dthe. D yfuhfle

jy cekbk gjhnyjve ljv b gjkt> f d ghj-

nbdyjv ckexft euhj;fk tve cj;;tybtv.

Ht, Vjqit crfpfk> xnj ujnjd evthtnm.

D nt dhtvtyf cel yfl tdhtzvb dthibk-

cz crjhj. Hfccrfpsdf/n> xnj rjulf gjhn-

yjuj c[dfnbkb> tuj csy gjt[fk d Dfhifde

b lj,bkcz gjvbkjdfybz. Yj r njve dht-

vtyb> rfr jy dthyekcz> jnwf e;t yt ,skj

d ;bds[. Gthtl cvthnm/ Vjqit ,ty-Lf-

dbl ghjbpytc% ŸŸIvf Bchf'km...~~.

V

ukfdf gthdfz

/wby

Part I 28/8/56 21:16 Page 11

Ytvyjujxbcktyyst tdhtb ujhjlf cj,hfkb tuj gtgtk b pf[jhjyb-

kb. Nfr d ujhjlt gjzdbkjcm gthdjt tdhtqcrjt rkfl,bot.

B hfccrfpsdf/n k/lb> xnj dcrjht gjckt 'njuj gjvtobr nz-

;tkj pf,jktk> d ,htle tve vthtobkcz cj;;tyysq tdhtq> b d e;f-

ct gjvtobr rhbxfk% ŸŸVjqit> ghjcnb vtyz^~~

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gjkedtrf ,sk tuj csy> ht, Yfanjkb> vjq ghfltl> egjvbyftvsq d

ŸŸBcnjhbb tdhttd d Rehkzylbb~~ !1908 u.> cjcn. hfd K.<. Fdxbycrbq@.

Hfccrfpsdftn j ytv b h. Bchj'km Ptkbuvfy> jlby bp gjnjvrjd

Wb/yb. D ŸŸVtubkfn /[fcby~~ !ŸŸRybut hjljckjdbq~~@> gjcdzotyyjq

bcnjhbb 'njq ctvmb> jy gbitn !pltcm b lfktt wbnfns d gthtdjlt

fdnjhf. - Htl.@%

12VJZ HJLJCKJDYFZ. UKFDF GTHDFZ

Hfd Bchj'km Ptkbuvfy>$Vtubkfn /[fcby$. Nbnekmysq kbcn.

Hfd <tywbjy Ljy-B[bt>$Z[fc fdjn$ !ghbvtxfybz r $Vtubkfn /[fcby$@.Gthdfz cnhfybwf.

Part I 28/8/56 21:17 Page 12

ŸŸDcnfdfk “ht, Yfanjkb‘ d ldf xfcf yjxb> vjkbkcz dfnbrby

!gthtl cfvsv djc[jljv cjkywf. - B.P.@> lf;t d ghfplybrb b d ltym

cdjtq cvthnb. Gjckt vjkbnds jrjkj lde[ xfcjd pfybvfkcz bpext-

ybtv Nfkvelf> gjnjv tk b yfxbyfk j,[jl ujhjlf% gjctofk ,jkm-

ys[> k/ltq> j,htvtytyys[ ujhtv> gjvjufk bv cjdtnjv b lj,hsv

ckjdjv. Leitdyfz ntgkjnf tuj ,skf elbdbntkmyf> b vyjub[ ge-

cns[ k/ltq b uhtiybrjd jy ghbdtk r cke;tyb/ Dctdsiytve. Pf

nhb xtndthnb ujlf jy pfrfyxbdfk bpextybt IFCf !dct[ itcnb

hfpltkjd Nfkvelf& nfrjt nhelyj ct,t lf;t ghtlcnfdbnm. - B.P.@. Ht,

Yfanjkb ,sk jxtym crhjvty> yt [jntk> xnj,s j ytv pyfkb> b gj-

njve yt gbcfk nheljd gj Njht. Tve pflfdfkb djghjc - jy jndt-

xfk> dctulf jxtym rjhjnrj. Pfybvfkcz nfr;t rf,,fkjq... Ht, Yf-

anjkb ghj;bk ctvmltczn jlby ujl. Jy b tuj cnfhibq csy ht,

Ffhjy-Ptkbu cnfhfkbcm jcdj,jlbnm tdhttd> ghbyelbntkmyj dpz-

ns[ lkz clfxb d fhvb/> b gjcnjzyyj dcnegfkb bp-pf 'njuj d

rjyakbrn c herjdjlcndjv tdhtqcrjq j,obys ujhjlf !jn,jh ht-

rhenjd d nt dhtvtyf djpkfufkcz yf cfve j,obye> cdth[e erfpsdf-

kjcm njkmrj rjkbxtcndj. - B.P.@. Herjdjlbntkb tdhtqcrjq j,obys

d K/wbyt> rjulf ,hfkb htrhenjd> ,skb yt nfr ;tcnjrb> rfr d lhe-

ub[ ujhjlf[> ,kfujlfhz dkbzyb/ ht, Yfanjkb~~.

Gj erfpe j yfnehfkmyjq djbycrjq gjdbyyjcnb lkz tdhttd> ddt-

ltyyjve d Hjccbb d 1827 ujle> tdhttd ghbpsdfkb d fhvb/ c ldt-

yflwfnb ktn. "nb[ ltntq yfpsdfkb rfynjybcnfvb b d cgtwbfkmys[

,fnfkmjyf[ b irjkf[ hfcnbkb lkz heccrjq fhvbb. Tdhtqcrb[ vfkm-

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hjlys[ vtcn irjks rfynjybcnjd. D djctvyflwfnm ktn rfynjybcns

cnfyjdbkbcm cjklfnfvb> b dct ghtlsleobt ujls d chjr djtyyjq

cke;,s> rjnjhfz cfvf gj ct,t ghjljk;fkfcm ldflwfnm gznm ktn> bv

yt pfcxbnsdfkbcm. "njn erfp ltqcndjdfk lj 1856 ujlf.

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vbktnyb[ vfkmxbrjd b dslfdfz b[ pf ldtyflwfnbktnyb[. Fhvbz

13

Part I 28/8/56 21:17 Page 13

ljk;yf ,skf ŸŸdjcgbnfnm~~ tdhttd> nj tcnm pfcnfdbnm b[ rhtcnbnmcz.

Djcgbnfntkmyst vths ,skb nfrjds> xnj ythtlrj lj vtcnf yt lj-

[jlbkf b gjkjdbyf gfhnbb...

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,skj ktn itcnm> yj z pfgjvybk hfccrfps cnfhbrf j njv> rfr ;t-

cnjrj b[> ltntq> vexfkb% ghbdjlbkb d ,fy/> hfpltdfkb> cnfdbkb ,j-

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gsnrb b cjukfifkbcm rhtcnbnmcz. Cksifk z> xnj rfr-nj r ltlei-

rt> hfde Bwtkt Ht;bwth> ghbitk rfynjybcn> rjnjhsq rhtcnbkcz>

f gjnjv ljcke;bkcz lj utythfkf. Rjulf-nj jy exbkcz c hfdjv Bwt-

kt d jlyjv [tltht.

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dctulf ghb[jlbk r ltnzv. Jy pf,jnkbdj jgtrfk b[> jnyjcbkcz r

ybv yt;yj b c k/,jdm/> cnfhfkcz erhtgbnm b[ d dtht> xnj,s jyb

jcnfkbcm tdhtzvb.

HFCCRFP RFYNJYBCNF

Jlby bp cnfhs[ rfynjybcnjd hfccrfpfk j cdjtq dcnhtxt c hfdjv

Yfanjkb !;ehyfk ŸŸLth blbith inhfk~~ - ŸŸTdhtqcrbq kex~~> 1995

ujl> yjvth 1127@.

ŸŸVyt ,skj ltdznm ktn> rjulf vtyz jnjhdfkb jn vfnthb b jn-

lfkb d cjklfns. Vfvf ,skf dljdf> z ,sk e ytt tlbycndtyysq

csy. Jntw evth tot lj vjtuj hj;ltybz> b vyt lfkb tuj bvz. Rfr

tlbycndtyysq csy> z gj pfrjye ghbpsde yt gjlkt;fk. Yj lkz ,j-

ufns[ ytn pfrjyjd. Rfrjq-nj ,jufx> hjlcndtyybr nj kb jnwf>

nj kb vfnthb> lfk yfxfkmybrfv ltytu> jajhvbk vtyz rfr cdjtuj

csyf> b vtyz dpzkb dvtcnj tuj ltntq. Nj dhtvz nfr b jcnfkjcm

lkz vtyz cnhfiysv cyjv> rjnjhsq yt [jxtncz dcgjvbyfnm. Z

,sk vfk b cjdctv yt gjybvfk> xnj ghjbc[jlbn. Vtyz b tot lt-

cznm nfrb[ ;t ytcxfcnys[ ltntq pfgthkb d rfrjq-nj rjvyfnt.

Cjklfns rehbkb> ,hfybkbcm. Rj dctv ltnzv ghb[jlbkb jntw>

vfnm> hjlyst> wtkjdfkb b[. Rj vyt ybrnj yt ghb[jlbk. Rjulf

d[jlbkf rfrfz-yb,elm ;tyobyf c uhecnysv kbwjv> z dcrfrbdfk>

levfk - vfvf. Yj dczrbq hfp jib,fkcz. Vfvf yt ghbikf. "nj

14VJZ HJLJCKJDYFZ. UKFDF GTHDFZ

Part I 28/8/56 21:17 Page 14

vtyz jxtym nhtdj;bkj. C rf;lsv lytv z dct ,jkmit cthlbkcz> yb

c rtv yt hfpujdfhbdfk> ybrjve yt jndtxfk. Z ,sk pjk yf dct[. Yj

xnj z vju cltkfnm* Gjvy/> rfrfz-nj ;tyobyf [jntkf vtyz gj-

;fktnm> gjukflbkf gj ujkjdt> f z> rfr pkfz cj,fxjyrf> erecbk tt.

D gjcktlybq ltym> rjulf yfc ljk;ys ,skb jnghfdbnm d ujhjl>

ghbitk tdhtq bp vjtuj vtcntxrf Gznjdrf. Jy lfk vyt yt nj

ldflwfnm> yt nj nhblwfnm rjgttr> rfrjq-nj ifhabr b cnfhst

pfgkfnfyyst cfgjub%

- "nj nt,t ndjz vfvf gjckfkf.

- F ult vfvf* - cghfibdf/> jnnfkrbdfz dtob. Vyt ,skj

cnslyj gthtl lheubvb ltnmvb% rj dctv ghb[jlzn> f rj vyt - ytn.

- Ndjz vfvf* Jyf cgbn> jyf cgbn> ndjz vfvf. Gjybvftim>

vjq vfkmxbr> jyf jnls[ftn> jyf cgbn> ndjz vfvf^

Jy pfvjkxfk> dsitk b e,t;fk.

:tyobyf> rjnjhfz bplfkb dbltkf 'ne cwtye> crfpfkf%

- Jyf cgbn> ,tlyfz.

B cktps gjkbkbcm e ytt bp ukfp.

<jkmit z cdjq ujhjl yt dbltk lj ysytiytuj lyz. Dcgjvbyfz gj-

njv> gjplytt> z gjyzk> xnj vfvf> dblbvj> evthkf d ne ;t ytlt-

k/> xnj vtyz pf,hfkb. Yj njulf z yt gjybvfk% ŸŸYfikf dhtvz

cgfnm^ Dct vfvs yt cgzn> f jyf cgbn^~~

Gznm ytltkm vs ,skb d ljhjut. D rf;ljv ujhjlt jcnfyfdkbdf-

kbcm yf ltym> yf ldf% cj,bhfkb ltntq. Dctv ltnzv ,skj jn ldt-

yflwfnb lj itcnyflwfnb ktn.

Yf itcne/ ytltk/ vs ghbt[fkb d K/wby> ,jkmijq njhujdsq

ujhjl> c zhvfhrfvb. Njulf tot yt ,skj ;tktpys[ ljhju> f ,skf

,jkmifz ghjtp;fz ljhjuf bp Gtnth,ehuf d Dfhifde> jyf yfpsdf-

kfcm Trfnthbybycrbq nhfrn b ghj[jlbkf xthtp K/wby. Nfv ,sk

c,jhysq geyrn> relf cj,bhfkb ltntq bp dct[ vtcntxtr> hfcghtlt-

kzkb gj jnhzlfv b jnghfdkzkb lfkmit.

Z dct 'nj gjvy/ rfr lehyjq cjy. Vyt ,skj [jkjlyj> vthpkb yj-

ub> lzlmrb rhbxfkb> heufkbcm> cvtzkbcm yfl yfvb b uyfkb> uyfkb.

Ecnfkst> bcgeufyyst> rfr cnflj jdtw> rjnjhs[ ujyzn yf ,jqy/>

vs ghbt[fkb d [jkjlyjt enhj d K/wby. Rjulf yfc ddtkb d ghj-

cnjhye/ rfpfhve> vs elbdbkbcm% yfc nfv dcnhtnbkb gznm-itcnm

tdhttd. Chtlb yb[ dsltkzkcz rhfcbdsq xthyj,jhjlsq tdhtq c uke,j-

15

Part I 28/8/56 21:17 Page 15

rbvb rfhbvb ukfpfvb> c ytj,sryjdtyyj dshfpbntkmysv dpukzljv.

Nfr> yfdthyj> dsukzlbn lj,hsq fyutk> rjnjhsq ghb[jlbn enb-

ifnm ,jkm. D tuj ukfpf[ ,skj cnjkmrj cjxedcndbz b cnjkmrj k/,-

db> nfrfz elbdbntkmyfz lj,hjnf^ Z ,sk vfktymrbq> ecnfksq b pf-

vthpibq. Tuj ukfpf ghbnzubdfkb> ghbrjdsdfkb yfit dybvfybt. Vs

dlheu dct pfvjkxfkb b ecnfdbkbcm yf 'njuj tdhtz ŸŸc ukfpfvb~~.

Jy crfpfk% ŸŸIjkjv fktq[tv> hjlyst^~~ E ytuj ,sk cgjrjqysq uj-

kjc> b cthlwt cnfkj jnnfbdfnm. Rfr gj rjvfylt> vs pfrhbxfkb%

ŸŸFktq[tv ijkjv> ht,t^~~ Yj vs yt pyfkb> rnj jy. "nj ,sk vjkj-

ljq xtkjdtr ktn ldflwfnb djcmvb - nhblwfnb> dscjrbq> ibhjrj-

gktxbq. Rf;ljve jy gjlfk here> lkz rf;ljuj e ytuj yfikjcm lj-

,hjt ckjdj. B z gjljitk. E vtyz yf cthlwt ,skj nz;tkj.

Jcnfkmyst [jnm dbltkbcm c gfgjq-vfvjq> f z-nj yt dbltk vf-

ve. Jyb gkfrfkb> f z yt gkfrfk. C njq vbyens> rfr vtyz pf,hf-

kb jn vfvs> yb hfpe yt pfgkfrfk. Z ,sk pkjq> rfr pf,bnsq pdt-

htr. Rjulf vtyz ,bkb> z vjkxfk> rjulf rj vyt j,hfofkbcm> - yt

jndtxfk. Yj rjulf z edbltk 'njuj tdhtz c nfrbvb ukfpfvb> dj vyt

xnj-nj cnfkj ghj,e;lfnmcz> b z hfcgkfrfkcz. Jy vyt ujdjhbk%

ŸŸHjlyjq ns vjq> crjkmrj nt,t ktn> ,tlysq vjq vfkmxbr*~~ Z

gkfxe b ujdjh/% ŸŸVfvf yt ghbikf rj vyt ghjofnmcz~~. Z gkfrfk

b gkfrfk> xedcndjdfk> xnj cthlwt ctqxfc hfpjhdtncz. Tuj ntgkst

herb vtyz ukflbkb. Vs ctkb yf rfrjt-nj ,htdyj dj ldjht> jy vt-

yz ukflbk b ujdjhbk% ŸŸGkfxm> gkfxm> jlbyjrjt lbnz> cbhjnf...~~

Vyt rfpfkjcm> xnj vfvf vtyz ukflbn. Rjulf z gthtcnfk gkf-

rfnm b ecgjrjbkcz> nj> rfr djh> erhflrjq jukzltkcz djrheu. Vyt

,skj cnslyj. Yj ybrnj yt cvtzkcz. Nt tdhtb> xnj ,skb dvtcnt

c ht,t> dsnbhfkb ukfpf. Ytcrjkmrj cnfhs[ cjklfn c yfibdrfvb

cnjzkb yf[vehtyyst> f njkcnsq ecfnsq atkmlat,tkm cnth ckt-

pe c ukfp.

Gjrf ht,t ujdjhbk c yfvb> ldjt tdhttd hfplfdfkb ltnzv ,ekrb>

rjyatns> f lheubt eujofkb lzltr djlrjq. :lfkb djbycrjuj yf-

xfkmybrf. Rjulf jy ghbitk> ldjt bp 'nb[ tdhttd> pyfdibt heccrbq>

pfujdjhbkb c ybv b eghfibdfkb j xtv-nj. Gjnjv yfxfkmybr dt-

ktk pfgbcfnm yfib bvtyf> b yfc dsgecnbkb c 'nbvb k/lmvb.

Jyb ds[kjgjnfkb> xnj,s nj dhtvz> gjrf gfhnbz cnjbn d K/-

wbyt> vs yf[jlbkbcm e tdhttd.

16VJZ HJLJCKJDYFZ. UKFDF GTHDFZ

Part I 28/8/56 21:17 Page 16

Yfc jndtkb d cbyfujue. Nfv e;t ;lfkb ve;xbys b ;tyobys>

,skj gjkyj k/ltq. Tdhtb hfpj,hfkb ltntq. Hfd jxtym dybvfntkm-

yj cvjnhtk> rnj ,thtn> - yt rf;ljve jy ljdthzk ht,tyrf. Dct[

ltntq hfpj,hfkb> z jcnfkcz jlby... B vfvf yt ghbikf> b pltcm

vtyz dct pf,skb. Cb;e jlbyjrj b dlheu xedcnde/ ntgke/ here%

ŸŸBltv> vjq vfkmxbr~~. Hfd Yfanjkb dpzk vtyz r ct,t> gjnjve yb-

rjve b yt ghtlkfufk. Rf;ljt enhj b dtxth vs ljk;ys ,skb ghb-

[jlbnm d rfpfhve jnvtnbnmcz. Hfd Yfanjkb ghb[jlbk nelf yf

xfc> f nj b ,jkmit> b cflbkcz dvtcnt c yfvb yf yfhs d rfpfhvt.

Tckb ,skj ce[j b cdtnbkj cjkywt> jy ecf;bdfkcz dj ldjht yf

,htdyj> f vs jrhe;fkb tuj b> ukzlz tve d hjn> ckeifkb tuj lj-

,hst ckjdf b elbdbntkmyj rhfcbdst bcnjhbb. Jy vyjuj hfccrf-

psdfk yfv j tdhtz[> rjnjhs[ vexfkb> xnj,s jyb bpvtybkb cdj-

tq dtht> b rjnjhst ecnjzkb. Hfccrfpsdfk ghj hf,b Frbde> {fyf-

ym/> Vbif'kz> Fpfhm/> hfccrfpsdfk j, byrdbpbwbb b rhtcnjds[

gj[jlf[ - yj ,jkmit dctuj jy k/,bk djpdhfofnmcz r hfccrfpe j

ghfdtlybrt Bjctat. Rnj yt pyftn bcnjhbb Bjctaf-wflbrf* Yj

ye;yj ,skj cksifnm> rfr jy tt hfccrfpsdfk. Bjctaf dtlm ghjlf-

kb cj,cndtyyst ,hfnmz. <kfujlfhz cgjcj,yjcnzv> eve b xtcnyj-

cnb jy cevtk ljcnbxm dscjrjuj gjkj;tybz> yj ,sk hfpkexty c

hjlysvb> cj cdjbv yfhjljv> c hjlbntkzvb> ,hfnmzvb. B djn

ghbikj r ytve nhelyjt bcgsnfybt !c ;tyjq Gjnbafhf. - B.P.@.

Jy ;t ,sk j,b;ty> tuj ytyfdbltkb b dsuyfkb cj,cndtyyst ,hf-

nmz^ Yj d xfc bcgsnfybz jy dblbn gthtl cj,jq kbwj Zfrjdf b

pyftn> xnj Zfrjd gkfxtn b uhecnbn gj ytve. Hfpdt Zfrjd dbyj-

dfn d xtv-yb,elm* Dbyjdfns ,hfnmz> yj yt Zfrjd^

- ...B gecnm gthtl dfibvb ukfpfvb dctulf cnjbn kbwj Zfrjdf> -

pfrjyxbk hf,b hfccrfp.

Xthtp vyjubt ujls z gjyzk> gjxtve yfi ht,t nfr xfcnj dcgj-

vbyfk Bjctaf. Hfd Yfanjkb ,sk evysq tdhtq^ Dtlm Bjcta j,b-

;ty - tuj ghtlfkb cdjb ;t> tdhtb. Jy vju ,s jpkj,bnmcz yf tdht-

td b ŸŸrhtcnbnmcz~~. Yj Zfrjd-nj yt dbyjdfn^

Vs dct ckeifkb tuj> kjdz rf;ljt ckjdj. Jy nfr [jhjij> k/-

,z> hfccrfpsdfk> jy ujdjhbk ckjdf> lj[jlzobt lj ltncrjuj cthlwf.

E ytuj e cfvjuj cthlwt ,skj xbcnjt> rfr e ht,tyrf. B jy cltkfk

yfib cthlwf vzurbvb> b vjpu pfhf,jnfk gj-lheujve...

17

Part I 28/8/56 21:17 Page 17

18VJZ HJLJCKJDYFZ. UKFDF GTHDFZ

Ikj dhtvz> ghbikb ,evfub> rjuj relf gjcskfnm.

Pf 'nb xtnsht ytltkb vs vyjuj epyfkb. B yfib cthlwf ghb-

dzpfkbcm r yfitve yfhjle> b vs yfexbkbcm ghjofnm. Ht, Yfanj-

kb cdjbvb ckjdfvb bpktxbk yfc jn jgfcyjq ,jktpyb - ytyfdbcnb.

Rf;lsq bp yfc gbnfk ytyfdbcnm r rjve-yb,elm bp ghtlcnfdbnt-

ktq tdhtqcrb[ dkfcntq> rf;lsq vju erfpfnm yf xtkjdtrf> ghjlfd-

ituj tuj. Ht, Yfanjkb yfexbk yfc ghjotyb/. Rfrfz xthyfz 'gj-

[f ,skf^ Nfr ,jufnst jnyjcbkbcm r cdjbv ,tlysv... Gecnm vb-

kjcthlysq <-u ghjcnbn bv> tckb njkmrj nfrjt vj;yj ghjcnbnm.

Xnj ,skj ,s> yt ,elm yf cdtnt nfrb[ k/ltq> rfr 'njn hfd b nt>

rnj c ybv* Vyt ,skj [jhjij d tuj ljvt. Z cjdctv pf,sk> ult z>

xnj z... :tyf tuj ,skf lkz vtyz rfr vfnm. Yj ,jkmit dctuj pyf-

xbk lkz vtyz hfd. Z yt pyf/> xtv z tve gjyhfdbkcz> - ,skb b lhe-

ubt ltnb. Vj;tn> jy jcj,tyyj ;fktk vtyz gjnjve> xnj z cbhj-

nf> f vj;tn> jy pyfk> xnj vyt tot ghtlcnjbn dsytcnb> - e yt-

uj ,sk jcnhsq dpukzl yf lfktrjt.

B djn yfcnegbk e;fcysq> ujhmrbq ltym. D gjcktly// yjxm yfc

yt jngecnbkb gj ljvfv> jcnfdbkb d rfpfhvt. Enhjv pf,bkb ,f-

hf,fys> pfnhe,bkb nhe,s. E yfc herb lhj;fn jn [jkjlf> pe,s

cnexfn> yfv cnhfiyj. Rjyxbkbcm pjkjnst lyb. Xnj yfc ;ltn*

Vsckb jlyf nz;tktq lheujq. ŸŸGhbltn kb yfi hfd ctujlyz*~~ - j,

'njv levfk rf;lsq bp yfc. Yfv yt dthbkjcm> xnj jy ghbltn> -

dtlm tldf cdtnftn. Vs e;t cnjbv c cevrfvb yf gktxf[> pfcgfy-

yst> lhj;fobt... b dlheu gjlybvftv ukfpf - ht,t e;t pltcm^ Jy cj-

dctv lheujq> z tuj yt epyf/. Kbwj cnhjujt> [jkjlyjt> yj d ukfpf[

- jujym. Jy cj cdjbvb tdhtzvb ghjitk gj hzlfv. B dctv ltnzv>

e rjnjhs[ e;t ,skf ,fh-vbwdf> lfk nabkby !yfxbyfz c nhbyfl-

wfnb ktn> nj tcnm c ,fh-vbwds> ve;xbys-tdhtb dsgjkyz/n pfgj-

dtlm yfkj;tybz nabkby. - B.P.@ b ŸŸfh,f rfyajc~~ !vfksq nfkbn. -

B.P.@. Vfksifv jy lfk njkmrj ŸŸfh,f rfyajc~~. Jy xenm-xenm

jnjitk b uhjvrj dsrhbryek% ŸŸLtnb> ds csyjdmz tdhttd> ds tdhtb^

Pyfqnt b gjvybnt> xnj ds ltnb Fdhffvf> Bw[frf b Zfrjdf^ - jy

pfgkfrfk. - Ds tdhtqcrbt ltnb> yt pf,elmnt> xnj ds tdhtb. Gjv-

ybnt Lfyb'kz> {fyfym/> Vbif'kz> Fpfhm/> hf,b Frbde> Bjctaf.

Ghjxnbnt dvtcnt cj vyjq ŸŸIvf Bchf'km^~~ ŸŸIvf Bchf'km> f-

Itv "kjrtqye> f-Itv '[fl~~> - rhbryekb vs dct. ŸŸLtnb> ds e[j-

Part I 28/8/56 21:17 Page 18

lbnt d lfktrbq nhelysq genm. <eltn vyjuj ,tl b ytdpujl> vyjuj

nz;rb[ bcgsnfybq> - jy yt vju ujdjhbnm> ujkjc ghthsdfkcz> - yj

<-u ,eltn c dfvb> tckb ds Tuj yt pf,eltnt> <-u Fdhffvf> Bw[frf

b Zfrjdf. Ltnb> z ,kfujckjdkz/ dfc ,kfujckjdtybtv> rjnjhsv rj-

fybv-cdzotyyjcke;bntkb ,kfujckjdkzkb yfhjl dj dhtvtyf {hf-

vf~~. B jy yfxfk ghjbpyjcbnm ,hf[e. Jy gjljitk r yfv> vs tuj

jrhe;bkb% ŸŸGj;fkeqcnf> lfqnt ,kfujckjdtybt yfv gj jnltkmyj-

cnb^~~ Jy gjkj;bk herb yf yfib ujkjds b ,kfujckjdbk.

Gjrfpfkbcm gthdst kexb cjkywf. <fhf,fys ,m/n> nhe,s dj/n.

Vs nhjyekbcm d genm. C jgeotyysvb ujkjdfvb vs ghjikb vb-

vj yfituj ht,t> b jy rf;ljve crfpfk% ŸŸBlb b ,elm pljhjd~~. Vs

dsikb pf ujhjl> c ujhs jukzyekbcm yfpfl> yf ujcntghbbvysq uj-

hjl cj cdznsv hfddbyjv. Z rfr ctqxfc db;e> rfr jy itgxtn ŸŸBdf-

ht[t[f...~~ !yfxfkj ,kfujckjdtybz rj'yjd - ŸŸGecnm ,kfujckjdbn nt-

,z U-cgjlm b j[hfybn nt,z...~~ - B.P.@~~.

CTVTQYFZ {HJYBRF

Gjckt cvthnb hfdf Yfanjkb hfddbyjv ujhjlf K/wby ,sk tuj

cnfhibq csy> hfd Ffhjy-Ptkbu Wb/yb !jy egjvzyen d ghbdtlty-

yjv dsit jnhsdrt bp ŸŸVtubkfn /[fcby~~@.

E hfdf Ffhjyf-Ptkbuf ,skf ljxm> f e tuj ctcnhs Vfkrb - csy.

19

Hfd <tywbjy Ljy-B[bt

Part I 28/8/56 21:17 Page 19

20

Ctcnhf ghbikf r ,hfne% ŸŸ{jxe ghtlkj;bnm vjtuj csyf "kb'pthf

ndjtq ljxrt~~. Hfd ujdjhbn% ŸŸ{jhjij> yj dtlm ye;ty ifl[fy !cdfn@~~.

D ljvt rfr hfp ghbcencndjdfk rfrjq-nj xtkjdtr. Hfd j,hfnbkcz r

ytve% ŸŸ{jxtim pfhf,jnfnm he,km pf ible[* Gjdnjhzq pf vyjq% ŸŸZ

ghtlkfuf/ "kb'pthf> csyf 'njq ;tyobys> ndjtq ljxthb nfrjq-

nj~~. Egkfnbk tve he,km> b cdfnjdcndj cjcnjzkjcm% hfd "kb'pth Ljy-

B[bt> ,eleobq fdnjh rybub ŸŸ"dty it-cbz~~ !ŸŸRhfteujkmysq rf-

vtym~~@> cnfk pzntv hfdf Ffhjyf-Ptkbuf> f gjckt tuj cvthnb - hfd-

dbyjv ujhjlf.

Hfd "kb'pth ghj;bk djctvmltczn djctvm ktn !jy hjlbkcz d

1840 ujle@ b evth d ltym cdjtuj hj;ltybz - xtndthnjuj nfvepf

!crfpfyj% ghfdtlybrfv <-u lftn gjkyst ujls@.

Gjckt hfdf "kb'pthf dj ukfdt tdhttd K/wbyf dcnfk tuj csy hfd

<tywbjy Ljy-B[bt. Jy e,bn ytvwfvb dj dhtvz Dnjhjq vbhjdjq

djqys.

Rjulf d Djcnjxyjq Tdhjgt cnfk hfpdbdfnmcz [fcblbpv !tdhtq-

crjt htkbubjpyjt ldb;tybt> djpybritt d Gjkmit d djctvyflwf-

njv dtrt@> hfd Yfanjkb htibk gjcvjnhtnm yf 'nj cdjbvb ukfpf-

vb. Jy gjt[fk r csye Fkmnth Ht,t> ht, Ljd-<the> ghjdtk nfv rf-

rjt-nj dhtvz> ,tctljdfk c ybv. Hfd <tywbjy Ljy-B[bt d ghbvt-

xfybz[ r ŸŸVtubkfn /[fcby~~ !jyb yfpsdf/ncz ŸŸZ[fc fdjn~~ b ge,kb-

re/ncz dvtcnt c ntrcnjv ŸŸVtubkfn /[fcby~~@ egjvbyftn 'njn 'gb-

pjl b ujdjhbn> xnj cj[hfybkjcm gbcmvj jn hfdf Ljd-<thf r tuj

ghfltle.

Gj[jhjys hfdf "kb'pthf Ljy-B[bt> 1926

VJZ HJLJCKJDYFZ. UKFDF GTHDFZ

Part I 28/8/56 21:17 Page 20

H VJQ LTLEIRF HT:BWTH HT<T

Dnjhjq csy hfdf Yfanjkb !e ytuj ,skj

nhjt csyjdtq@> hfd Bw[fr Wb/yb> d

nhblwfnm itcnm ktn djpukfdbk j,obye uj-

hjlf Ht;bwf !ysyt Htptryt@ - cnfk Ht-

;bwth ht,t. <skj 'nj dj dnjhjq gjkjdb-

yt gjpfghjikjuj dtrf.

Tuj csy hfd <tywbjy - vjq jntw.

Z pyf/ j cdjtv ltlt njkmrj gj hfc-

crfpfv. Ujdjhbkb> xnj dtcm ltym jy ghj-

djlbk d cbyfujut> dctulf d nfkbn ufljkm b

nabkby - jy cybvfk b[ njkmrj c pf[jljv

cjkywf.

D j,obyt Ht;bws ,skj ytvfkj pyf/-

ob[ k/ltq> b ltl j,sxyj ghtlkfufk bv

dsckeifnm dczrbq djghjc> c rjnjhsv r

ytve d cbyfujue ghb[jlbkb k/lb. Jy ds-

zcyzk vytybt pyfnjrjd gj 'njve djghj-

ce> f gjnjv dscrfpsdfk cdjt. Jy b csyj-

dmzv cdjbv pfdtofk gjcnegfnm nfr ;t>

nfr b yfgbcfk d pfdtofybb.

Ljk;ty crfpfnm> xnj jntw vjq cktljdfk

'njve erfpfyb/. Gjvy/> d ujls djqys> d

cehjdsq ujkjl> jntw hfphtibk tdhtzv rf-

pfycrjq j,obys ytrjnjhst ŸŸj,ktuxtybz~~

!'nj nthvby> j,jpyfxf/obq cvzuxtybt

ghfdbk dsgjkytybz njq bkb byjq pfgjdt-

lb& j,hfnyjt ltqcndbt yfpsdftncz ŸŸ[ev-

hf~~> ecnhj;tybt@. Jntw hfphtibk ytgj-

chtlcndtyyj d Gtcf[ gtxm vfwe> tcnm uj-

hj[ b lheubt ,j,jdst. "nj htitybt jy

j,celbk b ghbyzk d ghbcencndbb lde[ hfd-

dbyjd> ,sdib[ njulf ghjtpljv d Rfpfyb.

t;bwf

ukfdf dnjhfz

Part I 28/8/56 21:18 Page 21

D gznybwe dtxthjv> ghj[jlz gj ljhjut d cbyfujue vbvj tdhtq-

crb[ kfdjr> Ht;bwth ht,t dctulf cktlbk> xnj,s jyb ,skb pfrhs-

ns lj yfxfkf ce,,jns.

Vyt ljdtkjcm dcnhtnbnmcz c ;tyobyjq> ujcnbditq d nt dhtvt-

yf d Ht;bwt. Jyf jgbcfkf vyt nfre/ cwtye. Cnjbn jyf yf nb[jq

dtxthytq ekbwt. <kbpbncz yfcnegktybt ce,,jns. Dlheu yfxbyftncz

cnhfiyfz cevfnj[f% dct cgtifn> cetnzncz> ufklzn> kfdrb pfrhsdf/n-

cz - njkmrj cnfdyb [kjgf/n. Jyf cghfibdftn d cnhf[t% ŸŸXnj nfrjt*

Xnj ckexbkjcm*~~ F tq jndtxf/n% ŸŸHt, Bwtkt bltn^~~

K/lb bplfktrf ghbtp;fkb r Ht;bwth ht,t pf cjdtnjv. B dctv

,skb bpdtcnys ckexfb> rjulf ytdybvfybt r ckjdfv ht,t rjyxfkjcm

jxtym gtxfkmyj. Tuj k/,bkb b ,jzkbcm.

D yfhjlt dctulf hfccrfpsdf/n bcnjhbb j velhtwf[. J vjtv ltlt

nj;t hfccrfpsdfkb xeltcf. Ldf nfrb[ hfccrfpf z pltcm b ghbdtle.

Yfrfyeyt ce,,jns tdhtb vskbcm d ,fyt. Ckexbkfcm ccjhf> b

jlby lfk lheujve !f 'nj ,sk vtkfvtl - exbntkm> j,exf/obq

vfkmxbrjd Njht@ gjotxbye. Ht;bwth ht,t edbltk 'nj b djcrkbr-

yek% ŸŸHf[vjytc> bly^ - Tdhtb> gj;fktqnt^ Lfqnt tve clfxb^ Gj-

crjhtt^~~ Yj ybrnj 'njuj yt cltkfk.

D njn ;t dtxth j,blxbr vtkfvtlf gjlfdbkcz dj dhtvz ce,,jn-

ytq nhfgtps b evth. Njulf tdhtb gjyzkb> j xtv ghjcbk ht,t% tckb

,s elfhbditve dthyekb gjotxbye> jy bp,t;fk ,s ,jktt cehjdjuj

yfrfpfybz.

Dnjhfz bcnjhbz> ghj gfhbrvf[thf> nht,etn yt,jkmijuj ght-

lbckjdbz> f bvtyyj% tdhtqcrbq pfrjy pfghtoftn ,hbnmcz jgfcyjq

,hbndjq - ,hbnmcz tdhtzv vj;yj njkmrj cgtwbfkmyjq vfibyrjq.

Dct d ujhjlt cnhjuj ghblth;bdfkbcm 'njuj ghfdbkf. Yj djn

jlby tdhtq jnrhsk d Ht;bwt gfhbrvf[thcre/ b cnfk ,hbnm ktp-

dbtv. Ht;bwth ht,t dspdfk tuj r ct,t b ghtleghtlbk%

- Ckeifq> ljhjujq> ytkmpz ,hbnm ktpdbtv> ltkfq gj-lheujve^

Njn j,tofk> yj ghjikj ytrjnjhjt dhtvz> b cnfkj bpdtcnyj>

xnj jy ghjljk;ftn ,hbnm tdhttd ktpdbtv !vj;tn> gjnjve> xnj

ktpdbt ,hbkj xbot njulfiyb[ vfibyjr> b> eds> yf 'nj ,sk cdjq

cghjc@. Ht,t jgznm tuj dspdfk%

- Csy vjq> ns ;t crfpfk> xnj yt ,eltim*

22VJZ HJLJCKJDYFZ. UKFDF DNJHFZ

Part I 28/8/56 21:18 Page 22

Gfhbrvf[th djphfpbk%

- Ht,t> yflj ;t rfr-nj pfhf,fnsdfnm^ Tckb z yt ,ele nfr

,hbnm - xnj z ,ele tcnm*

Njulf ht,t crfpfk%

- F rjulf tcnm> xnj tcnm> xnj bp njuj*

B ,jkmit ybxtuj yt lj,fdbk. Dcrjht gfhbrvf[th pf,jktk hf-

rjv. Tve lfdfkb kexie/ gboe> yj tcnm jy yt vju...

Tdhtq bp Ht;bws hfccrfpsdfk vyt> xnj vfkmxbrjv k/,bk ckt-

lbnm pf nfbycndtyysv ht,t. Jlyf;ls dblbn% ht, Bwtkt> rfr dctu-

lf> d nfktc b nabkby> bltn gj ekbwt b dlheu cdjhfxbdftn d eprbq

ghjekjr vt;le ljvfvb b xnj-nj nfv ltkftn. Vfkmxbr lj;lfkcz>

gjrf ht,t eqltn> b pfukzyek d otkm. Nfv kt;fkf cj,frf cj otyz-

nfvb. Ht,t ghbyjcbk tq tle...

Rfr-nj d Rfpfyb !vyt ;bdj gjvybncz ekbwf Jdhf;yfz> yf rj-

njhjq vs njulf ;bkb@ r yfitq cjctlrt Uehtdbx ghbt[fkf d ujcnb

tt vfnm. Z c ytq hfpujdjhbkcz b crfpfk> xnj jntw vjq hjljv bp Ht-

;bws.

- Bp Ht;bws* Ult ht, Bwtkt* - djcrkbryekf jyf. - Jy ;t cgfc

vj/ vfnm^

B hfccrfpfkf nfre/ bcnjhb/.

Dtctyybv enhjv tt vfnm> dscnbhfd ,tkmt> gjikf> rfr j,sxyj

ltkfkb d nj dhtvz> r vjcnrfv yf htre gjkjcrfnm. Rjulf jyf ghj-

[jlbkf vbvj cbyfujub> jnnelf ds,t;fk ifvtc !cke;rf@ b jrkbr-

23

Hfd Qjctkt Hfdbycjy !Rhtckfdth@> hfddby Rhtckfds> vjq ghfltl> exbntkm b yfcnfdybrvjtuj jnwf

Part I 28/8/56 21:18 Page 23

yek tt% ŸŸHt, Bwtkt ghjcbn nt,z gjlj;lfnm~~. Jyf ;lfkf vbyen gzn-

yflwfnm-ldflwfnm. Yfrjytw ifvtc dsitk b vf[yek herjq% ŸŸVj-

;tim blnb~~.

:tyobyf elbdbkfcm% pfxtv tt pflth;fkb* Yj rjulf ghbikf yf

htre> nj ukfpfv cdjbv yt gjdthbkf - vjcnrjd rfr yt ,sdfkj^ B[

cytckj gjkjdjlmtv> gjrf ;tyobyf ;lfkf ht,t. F tckb ,s jyf> yt

lfq <-u> cnjzkf yf vjcnrf[*^

Ht, Bwtkt ,sk ;tyfn dnjhsv ,hfrjv yf {fdt> ljxthb hfdf Qj-

ctkt Rhtckfdthf> velhtwf b rf,,fkbcnf. D gthdjv ,hfrt e ytuj

,skj ytcrjkmrj ljxthtq b csy - hfd Lfdbl> b dj dnjhjv - nhb lj-

xthb b csy> rjnjhsq hjlbkcz d 1885 ujle> rjulf ltleirt ,skj

e;t itcnmltczn ktn. Vkflibq csy ht, Bwtkt b tcnm vjq jntw.

Ltleirf - ht, Bwtkt - ,sk gthdsv exbntktv vjtuj jnwf. Pf-

ntv jntw exbkcz d tibdt ŸŸCkj,jlrf~~ b e cdjtuj ltlf cj cnjhjys

vfnthb> hfdf Qjctkt Rhtckfdthf.

Ht, Bwtkt evth d 1900 ujle> d djphfcnt ctvbltcznb gznb ktn.

J gjcktlytv lyt ;bpyb ht, Bwtkt vjtve jnwe hfccrfpfk jlby

tdhtq bp Ht;bws. Ht,t pf,jktk> tuj ktxbkb d Dfhifdt> yj ,tp-

ecgtiyj. Jy djpdhfofkcz bp Dfhifds rehmthcrbv gjtpljv. B

[jnz rehmthcrbq - crjhsq gjtpl> ht, Bwtkt d genb dct dhtvz

ndthlbk% ŸŸUb[th^ Ub[th^ Ub[th^~~ !ŸŸ<scnhtt~~. - Blbi.@. Gjtpl b

24VJZ HJLJCKJDYFZ. UKFDF DNJHFZ

Hjlbntkb vjtqvfnthb%Hfd Vjqit-Vbik-Ive'km Ifgbhj

Cjhf-Atqut Ifgbhj

Part I 28/8/56 21:18 Page 24

dghzvm ghb,sk yf cnfywb/ hfymit j,sxyjuj. Ht,t ecgtkb ghbyt-

cnb ljvjq> b jy crjyxfkcz d cdjtq gjcntkb.

HJLBNTKB

Vjz vfnm Ktf-Ubnk hjlbkfcm d Kbndt> d ujhjlt Hjujd !ysyt Hf-

uedf@ Gfytdt;crjq j,kfcnb. Tt jntw ht, Vjqit-Vbik-Ive'km

Ifgbhj ,sk xtkjdtr ,jkmijq extyjcnb> fdnjh vyjub[ rybu. Vjb

hjlbntkb gj;tybkbcm 2 nfvepf 1914 ujlf. Yjdj,hfxyst gjkexbkb

vfcce gjplhfdbntkmys[ ntktuhfvv jn vyjub[ ,jkmib[ hfddbyjd

njuj dhtvtyb> d njv xbckt jn hfdf Vtbhf-Cbv[b b> rf;tncz> jn

{fatw {fbvf. Gjckt ;tybnm,s jntw ghtgjlfdfk d ht;bwrjv jn-

ltktybb tibds ŸŸCkj,jlrf~~.

Yfxfkfcm Gthdfz vbhjdfz djqyf. Xnj,s bp,t;fnm cke;,s d

wfhcrjq fhvbb> jntw cvtybk afvbkb/ Wb/yb yf Pbkm,th.

!Ghbt[fd d Bphfbkm> z [jntk dthyenm ct,t afvbkb/ Wb/yb> yj

gjnjv gjlevfk> xnj k/lb bp Hjccbb pyf/n vtyz rfr Pbkm,thf b yt

cvjuen yfqnb gjl lheujq afvbkbtq. B z jcnfdbk afvbkb/ Pbkm,th.@

:bdz d Ht;bwt> jntw gjllth;bdfk ,kbprjt pyfrjvcndj c dtkb-

rbv hfdjv Vtbhjv-Cbv[jq f-Rj'yjv> hfddbyjv ujhjlf Ldbycrf

!Lfeufdgbkcf@> fdnjhjv rybu ŸŸVtit[ [j[vf~~ b ŸŸJh cfvtf[~~. Jy yf-

psdfk vjtuj jnwf ŸŸvfqy rbyl~~ - ŸŸcsyjr~~.

25

Hfd <tywbjy Wb/yb!Pbkm,th@> vjq jntw

Ktf-Ubnk Pbkm,th> vjz vfvf

Part I 28/8/56 21:20 Page 25

D cfvjv yfxfkt djqys jyb ytyfljkuj jrfpfkbcm dvtcnt> z le-

vf/> d Ht;bwt> yj njxyj yt pyf/. Nelf ;t ghbt[fk b vjq ltl hfd

Ifgbhj. Rjyxfkfcm enhtyyzz vjkbndf> cbyfujuf gecntkf> f jyb cb-

ltkb dnhjtv% fdnjh ŸŸJh cfvtf[~~ !tuj nfr b yfpsdfkb - Jh Cfvtf[ -

gj yfpdfyb/ rybub@> vjq ltl hfd Vjqit-Vbik-Ive'km b vjq

jntw - b exbkb Njhe c enhf lj gjkelyz> pf,sd j tlt.

Nfr ;t gjcnegfk jntw b gjnjv d Rfpfyb> dctulf pfybvfkcz chf-

pe gjckt enhtyytq vjkbnds.

26VJZ HJLJCKJDYFZ. UKFDF DNJHFZ

Rne,f vjb[ hjlbntktq

Part I 28/8/56 21:21 Page 26

HFD VTBH-CBV{F BP LDBYCRF

Bvz hfdf Vtbhf-Cbv[b z cksifk d ljvt jnwf c cfvjuj ltncndf.

Yj bcnjhb/> rjnjhe/ z ctqxfc ghbdtle> vyt hfccrfpfk jxtdbltw>

vjq cjctl Lfdbl Rbkm> e;t pltcm> d Bphfbkt. F gjnjv z ghjxtk j

ytq d rybut ŸŸ<tpjgfcyjcnm b ltvjrhfnbz~~> yfgbcfyyjq ,sdibv ukf-

djq ŸŸVjcflf~~ !bphfbkmcrjq rjynhhfpdtlrb@ Bcthjv Fh'ktv. Nfr xnj

e 'njuj cj,snbz tot jcnfkbcm rfr vbybvev ldf ;bds[ cdbltntkz.

D lyb> j rjnjhs[ ujdjhbncz> Bcth Fh'km ,sk tot gjlhjcnrjv.

Jy gbitn%

ŸŸD njn ujl ckexbkjcm nfr> xnj d dth[jdmz[ Ldbys ytj;blfy-

yj b hfymit j,sxyjuj dhtvtyb yfxfkjcm nfzybt cytuf b kmlf> d

nj dhtvz rfr yfxbyfz jn cfvjuj Ldbycrf b lfktt lj Hb;crjuj pf-

kbdf ,skj tot jxtym [jkjlyj. Djlf> j,hfpjdfdifzcz d htpekmnf-

nt nfzybz cytuf> ecnhtvbkfcm d Hb;crbq pfkbd> yj dcnhtnbkf yf

cdjtv genb ytj;blfyyj vjoye/ ktlzye/ ghtuhfle... Djlf yfxf-

kf cnhtvbntkmyj ghb,sdfnm. <eie/ofz htrf b juhjvyst uks,s

kmlf d ytq ghbxbyzkb e;fcyst hfpheitybz. Vyjubt ghb,ht;yst

lthtdyb ,skb cvtntys 'nbv gjnjrjv> f vjcns xthtp Ldbye hfp-

heitys lj jcyjdfybz. Htdeofz djlf ghbcnegbkf b r inehve

,jkmijq lfv,s> jrhe;fditq Ldbycr b pfobofditq tuj. Yfl ujhj-

ljv yfdbckf ntym ub,tkb...

Enhjv d if,fn gjkj;tybt cltkfkjcm jnxfzyysv. C vbyens

yf vbyene djlf ljk;yf ,skf kb,j dsqnb bp ,thtujd> kb,j ghj-

hdfnm lfv,e. Vjq jntw yt pyfk> xnj ghtlghbyznm% jcnfnmcz c

ctvmtq d nfrjq jgfcysq vjvtyn bkb blnb d cbyfujue yf enhty-

y// vjkbnde> xnj,s ghbcjtlbybnm cdjq ujkjc r ujkjce dctq j,-

obys. Yfrjytw jy htibntkmyj jnghfdbkcz d cbyfujue. Z ghbcj-

tlbybkcz r ytve. D cfvsq hfpufh vjkbnds> rjnjhfz ,skf rfr yb-

rjulf dpdjkyjdfyyjq b nj b ltkj ghthsdfkfcm jnxfzyysvb dj-

gkzvb> d cbyfujue c rhbrjv djhdfkbcm tdhtb cj cnhfiyjq dtcnm/%

tot ytvyjuj> b ujhjl ,eltn eybxnj;ty^

Hfd Vtbh-Cbv[f> j,kfxtyysq d nfkbn> gjlyzkcz cj cdjtuj vt-

cnf b yfghfdbkcz d cnjhjye lfv,s. Dcz j,obyf d cdjb[ ce,,jn-

yb[ jlt;lf[ gjcktljdfkf pf ybv.

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Part I 28/8/56 21:21 Page 27