XXXIV

respublikuri dialeqtologiuri

samecniero sesiis

masalebi

2014

1

Tsu arnold Ciqobavas saxelobis enaTmecnierebis instituti

mestiis municipalitetis gamgeoba.

kulturis, ganaTlebis, ZeglTa dacvis, sportisa da axalgazrdobis saqmeTa

samsaxuri

XXXIV

respublikuri dialeqtologiuri samecniero sesiis

m a s al e b i

m e s t i a

2014 wlis 3-4 oqtomberi

Tbilisi 2014

2

samecniero dialeqtologiuri sesia gaixsneba 2014 wlis 3-4

oqtombers mestiaSi, municipalitetis gamgeobis saaqto

darbazSi (misamarTi: setis moedani, 1)

r e g l a m e n t i

momxsenebels _ 10 wuTi

msJelobaSi monawiles _ 5 wuTi

redaqtori _ prof. g. gogolaSvili

© arn. Ciqobavas saxelobis enaTmecnierebis instituti

3

muSaobis gegma

3 oqtomberi

plenaruli sxdoma, 10 saaTi

Sesavali sityva _ avTandil arabuli, arn. Ciqobavas saxelo-

bis enaTmecnierebis institutis direqtori

misalmeba _ kaxa JorJoliani, mestiis gamgebeli

i. C a n tl a Z e, q. m a r g i a n i - s u b a r i, r. i o s e l i a n i,

n. n a k a n i, `zemosvanuri morfemuli leqsikonis~ Seqmnas-

Tan dakavSirebuli problemebi

m. s a Rl i a n i, n. S a v r e S i a n i, l. g i g l e m i a n i, svanuri

enis Seswavlis istoriidan

r. W k a d u a, j. So S i a S v il i _ dialeqtTa gandaseba ber-

Znul (Zvelsa da axal) enasa da svanurSi (tipologiuri

SedarebisaTvis)

m. C o x a r a Z e, T. C o x a r a Z e, qarTuli ena Tanamedrove Tur-

qeTSi

4

seqciuri muSaoba, 12 saaTi

I seqcia

xelmZRvanelebi: saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis

wevr-korespondenti, prof. avTandil arabuli

prof. mamia faRava

1. m. f a R a v a _ kar-fuZiani toponimebi samxreT saqarTvelodan 2. g. g o g ol a S v il i, x. y a n d a S v il i _ kaxeTis 1812 wlis

ajanyebis dokumentebi _ kaxuri dialeqtis istoriis sa-ndo wyaro

3. T. v a S a k i Z e, n. j o r b e n a Z e _ profesiuli dialeqtis erTi saxeobisaTvis Tanamedrove qarTulSi (mediaena)

4. T. lo m T a Z e _ sintaqsuri TaviseburebebisaTvis qarTvel ebraelebTan

5. n. lol a Z e, sivrculi lokalizaciis zmnebi qarTuli enis dialeqtebSi

6. m. k i k v a Z e _ RmerTi klarjul zepirsityvierebaSi 7. n. W o x o n el i Z e _ Camomavlobis aRmniSvneli leqsemebi

qarTuli enis dialeqtebSi 8. T. b u r W ul a Z e _ eqimis ena _ profesiuli dialeqti 9. r. s a R i n a Z e _ `bebias ena~ (masalebi dialeqtologiisaTvis) 10. n. f a r t e n a Z e _ pirmimarTi damatebis brunvebi SavSur-

sa da klarjulSi 11. r. q u r d a Z e _ dialeqturi leqsikisaTvis m. CitiSvilis

poeziaSi 12. m e h m e T al. q e s q i n i _ xatilas xeobis toponimebi da

kulturuli mexsierebis sakiTxebi 13. i. r u s a Z e, e. g o r d a Z e _ qarTul kilo-TqmaTa masala

rafiel erisTavis `mokle qarTul-rusul-laTinur mce-nareTa, cxovelTa da liTonTa samefoebis~ leqsikonSi

14. T. z v i a d a Z e _ andazebSi SemorCenili zogi leqsikuri erTeulis warmomavlobis gamo

15. n. c e c x l a Z e _ mimReoba klarjulSi 16. m. k o b e r i Z e _ zogi nacvalsaxelis xmarebis sakiTxisa-

Tvis frones xeobis qarTlurSi

5

17. d. k a k a S v il i _ ჲ-s funqcionirebisaTvis qiziyurSi 18. m. c i n c a Z e, m. b a r a m i Z e _ klarjulis leqsikidan 19. l. T a n d il a v a _ Turquli elementebi taourSi 20. n. c i x i S v il i _ I TurmeobiTis warmoeba fSaurSi 21. T. t e t e lo S v il i _ qonebis saxelTa mawarmoeblebi

translativebad saliteraturo qarTulsa da dialeqtebSi 22. m. x a x u t a i S v il i _ Temis niSanTa unifikacia klarjul-

Si 23. m. l a b a rt y a v a _ imerizmebi d. kldiaSvilis Semoqmede-

baSi

II seqcia

xelmZRvanelebi: saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis

wevr-korespondenti, prof. vaJa Sengelia

prof. roin WikaZe

1. i. C a n tl a Z e, n. b e r i Z e, a. b e r i Z e _ ramdenime daavade-

bis aRmniSvneli erTi terminis semantikur-struqturu-li analizi qarTul naturmedicinaSi

2. e. g a z d el i a n i, solomon brZeni Zvel svanur RvTaebaTa

panTeonSi

3. r. W i k a Z e _ winadadebis intonaciur-eqspresiuli aqtua-lizacia (Signikaxuris enobrivi masalis mixedviT)

4. a. a r a b ul i _ xevisberi, xucesi, maxvSi da am rigis sxva warmoebaTa istoriisa da socialur-kulturuli daniS-nulebisaTvis

5. v. S e n g el i a, c. j a n j R a v a _ megruli xe `xeli~ kompozi-tebsa da frazeologizmebSi

6. m. C u x u a _ vnebiTobis -an sufiqsisaTvis megrul-lazurSi 7. m. j R a r k a v a _ gadaadgilebis aRmniSvneli zmnebi megrul-

lazurSi 8. q. m a r g i a n i _ dalis (kodoris) xeobis ramdenime soflis

mikrotoponimia (struqtura, semantika, etimologia)

6

9. e. S e n g e l i a _ megrul-lazuri wyar-i || wkar-i `wyali~ leqsemebis Semcveli idiomebisaTvis

10. r. g e r s a m i a _ fonosemantikuri leqsikis enobriv done-Ta mixedviT struqturirebis problemebi (qarTveluri enebis masala)

11. k. m i T a g v a r i a _ alersis gamomxatveli Sorisdebulebi megrulsa da svanurSi

12. n. W u m b ur i Z e _ sakuTari saxelebis kninobiTi formebi samegrelos samTavros TavadTa da aznaurTa saojaxo sie-bis mixedviT

13. i. C a C a n i Z e _ etimologiuri definiciebi Tedo saxokias TxzulebaSi `mogzaurobani~

14. m. s a Rl i a n i _ drois leqsikur-semantikuri analizi svanuri enis dialeqt-kilokavTa monacemebis mixedviT

15. m. b u k i a _ tabu megrel mwyemsTa metyvelebaSi 16. W. q i r i a _ pirveli TurmeobiTis warmoebis sakiTxebi za-

nuri enis megrul dialeqtSi 17. n. x a x i a S v il i _ mirqmis dResaswaulTan dakavSirebul

terminTa istoriisaTvis 18. r. l olu a _ mosazreba kavkasiis albanelTa enobrivi da

dialeqturi Sedgenilobis Sesaxeb 19. n. f o n i a v a _ nina || nena `ena~ leqsema megrul-lazur

idiomebSi 20. l. a z m a i f a r a S v il i _ eTnografiuli realiebis amsax-

veli frazeologizmebis Sesaxeb qarTulSi 21. l. k o W l a m a z a S v il i _ diaqroniulad ganxorcielebuli

erTi fonetikuri gardaqmnisaTvis qarTul toponimikaSi 22. m. m e q v a b i S v il i _ jumaTis toponimikisTvis 23. n. m g e l a Z e _ svanuri `lamxub~ (socialuri interpreta-

cia)

4 oqtomberi konferenciis daxurva,10 saaTi

kulturuli RonisZiebebi

7

le v a n a z m a i f ar a S v il i (enaTmecnierebis instituti)

eTnografiuli realiebis amsaxveli frazeologizmebis Sesaxeb qarTulSi

nebismieri xalxis eTnografiuli yofisaTvis niSandob-

livia adamianTa qcevebis, urTierTobebisa da qmedebebis ste-

reotipuloba, rac ganmtkicebulia tradiciebiT. esa Tu is

socialur-yofiTi movlena tradiciul sazogadoebaSi xasiaT-

deba SedarebiT meti mdgradobiTa da regularulobiT _ er-

Ti da imave saxiT mravaljer ganmeorebadobiT, rac saTanado

asaxvas hpovebs enaSic: eTnografiuli yofiT gansazRvruli esa

Tu is myari stereotipuli qmedeba Tu movlena (wes-Cveuleba,

rituali...) tradiciuli sazogadoebis metyvelebaSi, rogorc

wesi, myari enobrivi erTeuliT aris xolme gamoxatuli da sa-

xeldebuli.

am tipis enobriv erTeulebs warmoadgens qarTulSi, ma-

galiTad, cnobili frazeologizmebi, rogoricaa: sisxlis aRe-

ba, Zmad gaficva, xatze daficeba, fic-vercxlis Wama, Temi-

dan mokveTa... magram, amasTanave, dialeqtebSi moipoveba Seuda-

rebliv ufro meti raodenoba amave tipis frazeologizmebisa,

romelTa mniSvneloba da azri gaugebaria Tanamedrove sazoga-

doebis warmomadgenelTaTvis, romelTa yoveldRiuri cxovre-

bac aRar aris gansazRvruli saTanado tradiciul-yofiTi re-

aliebiT; es frazeologizmebia, magaliTad, agunas gadaZaxeba,

gzaT aჴsna, Tasis Camayra, zlis dakiTxva, zRublis dalaჴva,

Tofis ჴmis gatexa, kveTilSi Casma, mkvdarT gastumreba,

muclad SaTqma, niSanze tirili, rigis yeneba, saflavze

Saჴdoma, saxelis dadeba, uqmis naTvla, qaTmis ferxva, wylis

ganrisxeba, jvarSi Sajdoma, ჴar-qvabiT Sayra da sxva mravali.

swored am tipis myari SesityvebebiT enis mier markire-

bulia eTnosis tradiciuli yofa-cxovrebis yoveli sfero: sa-

meurneo yofa, materialuri kultura, saojaxo yofa, naTesau-

ri urTierTobebi, socialuri urTierTobebi, CveulebiTi sa-

8

marTali, xalxuri mmarTvelobis formebi, etiketi, rwmena-

warmodgenebi da a.S. sxva daniSnuleba am frazeologizmebs,

rogorc wesi, ar gaaCniaT, riTic isini TvalsaCinod upiris-

pirdebian sxva tipis frazeologiur erTeulebs, kerZod, e.w.

xatovan Tqmebs anu idiomebs, romelTa arsebiTad damaxasiaTe-

bel niSansac, gansxvavebiT eTnografiuli realiebis amsaxveli

frazeologizmebisa, warmoadgens meoreuli nominacia (ukve sa-

xeldebulis xelaxali aRniSvna) da eqspresiuloba.

miiCneva, rom ama Tu im xalxis istoria, yofa-cxovreba,

rwmena-warmodgenebi, eTnofsiqologia da a.S. Tavis enobriv

gamoxatulebas yvelaze naTlad idiomebSi avlens xolme. aseTi

idiomebis nimuSebi kargad aris cnobili qarTulSic, mag.,

Tavze lafis dasxma, Tavze nacris dayra, virze Sesma, piris

gaSaveba (pirSavad yofna), Tavs Semovla (Sen Tavs Semovev-

le, Sen Semogevle), yurebze xaxvi ar damaWra da sxva.

amave dros cnobilia isic, rom idiomis etimologiis eq-

stralingvistur safuZvelze dadgenis cdebi xSir SemTxvevaSi

warumatebelia xolme an naklebad sarwmuno imis gamo, rom,

jer erTi, ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli TviT idiomis arsebiTi

niSan-Tviseba, rogoricaa meoreuli nominacia da eqspresiulo-

ba, meorec, _ idiomis etimologizeba xdeba izolirebulad,

martooden romelime eqstralingvistur faqtze (istoriuli,

yofiTi da a.S.) miTiTebiT da saerTo frazeologiur siste-

masTan am idiomis mimarTebis gareSe. garda amisa, Cndeba

warmodgena, TiTqos idiomebi warmoadgendnen gaqvavebul enob-

riv reliqtebs, gadmonaSTebs uwin arsebuli da dRes miviwye-

buli realuri istoriuli Tu eTnografiul-yofiTi faqtebi-

sa. Cndeba STabeWdileba, rom enaSi es faqtebi amJamad idiome-

bis wyalobiTRa gvaqvs Semonaxuli. realurad ki idiomebis

roli am mxriv umniSvneloa, maTive imanenturi bunebidan gamo-

mdinare, da rac gvaqvs eqstralingvisturi faqtebis asaxvis

TvalsazrisiT, isic meoreulia, vinaidan `idiomebi enaSi mo-

klebuli arian nominatiur funqcias _ arasodes ar arian

cnebis erTaderTi gamomxatvelni. maTi uSualo daniSnulebaa

9

ukve saxeldebuli sagnisa Tu movlenis eqspresiuli niSniT

daxasiaTeba~ (a. TayaiSvili). es Tviseba ki idiomebs arsebiTad

gamoarCevs iseTi tipis frazeologizmebisagan, romelTa pirda-

piri daniSnulebac swored mTeli rigi eTnografiuli movle-

nebis uSualo saxeldebaa da es frazeologizmebi enaSi warmo-

dgenilia ara reliqturad, aramed cocxali (Tumca amJamad pe-

riferiuli) saxiT, rogorc am enis organuli nawili.

amitom idiomebis eqstralingvisturi motivaciis gamosa-

vlenad mizanSewonili da marTebuli iqneba, upirveles yov-

lisa, movaxdinoT analizi swored im frazeologizmebisa, rom-

lebic uSualod miemarTebian eqstralingvistur faqtebs; Se-

viswavloT eqstralingvisturi garemo, sadac es frazeologiz-

mi Caisaxa da ganviTarda da yovelive amis gaTvaliswinebiT mi-

vadevnoT Tvali frazeologiis sferoSi mimdinare proceseb-

sac, kerZod, eqstralingvisturi faqtis amsaxveli ama Tu im

frazeologizmis idiomad gardaqmnis gzebs. misi erT-erTi na-

Teli nimuSia, magaliTad, gamoTqma anderZis ageba (an wesis

ageba), romelsac, garda Tavisi pirdapiri mniSvnelobisa (`mi-

cvalebulisaTvis saTanado wesis aRsruleba sasuliero piris

mier~), amJamad gansxvavebuli semantikac moepoveba (`mokvla~,

`ganadgureba~, `mospoba~, `bolos moReba~) da erTgvari ironi-

uli an muqaris gamomxatveli elferic dahkravs. am rigis Se-

mTxvevebi Sedegia eqstralingvisturi faqtebis uSualod am-

saxveli frazeologizmebis sxvagvari konotaciiT datvirTvisa

da, Sesabamisad, idiomebad maTi gardaqmnisa.

aqve isic unda aRiniSnos, rom TviTon idiomebis funqci-

onirebasac sakuTriv eqstralingvisturi faqtori gansa-

zRvravs, oRond ara eTnografiul-yofiTi, aramed sxva ram,

kerZod, is, rac ganapirobebs adamianis swrafvas eqspresiisaken

_ fsiqologiuri faqtori.

eTnografiuli realiebis amsaxvel frazeologizmebTan

mimarTebiT moxsenebaSi gaanalizebulia idiomebi qadagad da-

cema, kveris dakvra, Tavs evleba, qarTuli enis dialeqtTa

monacemebisa da eTnografiuli masalis safuZvelze.

10

a v T a n d i l a r a b u l i (enaTmecnierebis instituti)

xevisberi, xucesi, maxvSi da am rigis sxva warmoebaTa istoriisa da socialur-kulturuli daniSnulebisaTvis

qarTveluri enebis erT-erTi uZvelesi socialuri ter-

minis istoriuli analizi SedarebiT rekonstruqcias emyareba.

sarekonstruqcio monacemebi am SemTxvevaSi imdenad naTelia,

rom saanalizo sityvis rekonstruqcia gakeTda manam, sanam mi-

si realuri etimologia (etimologiuri safuZveli) dadginde-

boda. Sdr.:

qarT. xuces-i

zan. uCaS-i

svan. xoSa

es kavSiri pirvelma n. marma aRniSna (mari 1911-1914,

360-361). TviT xuces- fuZis struqtura, zog sxva xanmet ga-

qvavebul saxelur fuZesTan erTad, a. SaniZem jer kidev 1923

wels warmoaCina (`uZvelesi qarTuli teqstebis aRmoCenis

gamo~).

a. SaniZe am sityvaSi xarisxis gaqvavebul warmoebas swo-

red qarTvelur enaTa monacemebiT adasturebs:

`xolo SedarebiT-aRmatebiTi xarisxis warmoebisaTvis xa-

nis xmarebis kvali SemorCenilia xuces'Si, romlis megruli

Sesatyvisia uCaSi (`ufrosi~) da svanuri xoSa (`ufrosi~) da

romelic Cveulebrivi normebis mixedviT unda gvqonoda am sa-

xiT: *ucesi (← *hucesi) da ara xucesi an miT umetes uxuce-

si (mrCobli prefiqsiT)~ (SaniZe 1981, 289).

aqve SeniSvnaa sqolioSi: `akad. n. marma sworad aRniSna,

rom xani xuces-Si ar aris Zireuli, magram igi Secda, roca

xuces-i qarTulSi svanuridan nasesxeb formad aRiara~.

amdenad, eWvs ar iwvevs is, rom xanmetobis doneze, anu

qristianuli mwignobrobis gariJraJze, xuces-i ara mxolod

gaqvavebuli formaa, aramed misi sawyisi mniSvnelobac istori-

11

is siRrmeSi aris darCenili; magram amasTan erTad qarTvelur

enaTa monacemebis diaqroniul urTierTmimarTebasac saTanado

gaazreba sWirdeba. Sinaarsis TvalsazrisiT zanur-svanuri fu-

Zeebi rom ufro winare periods asaxavs, es moulodneli ar

aris. svan. xoSa fuZis mniSvnelobebia: `didi~; `ufrosi~ da

`ufro~ (Sdr. Zv. qarT.: ufroÁs da ufroÁsi). megr. uCaSi

`ufrosi~. warmoebisa da socialuri Sinaarsis TvalsazrisiT

aseve Zalze sayuradReboa svan. max…Si `ufrosi, xelmZRvaneli,

ojaxis ufrosi~: qora max…Si limzˆrs iCo `ojaxis ufrosi

locvas iqms~.

erTi saukunis winaT istoriul fxovSi, rogorc Cans,

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTis kuTxeebis xat-salocavebis mTa-

vari RvTismsaxuris saxelwodeba jer kidev cxadad iyo garCeu-

li:

ƒevisberi fS., xucesi ƒ., dekanozi mT. damwyalobnebeli

xatSi.

xucesi, xucezi (xatSi) ƒ. mTavari RmerT-msaxuri xatSi,

damwyalobnebeli (xatSi) (a. SaniZe, Txz., t. 1, leqs.). a. SaniZe

moxeuris variants ar uTiTebs, Tumca moxeveebic am SinaarsiT

dekanoz- termins iyeneben.

vaJa-fSavelasTan aseve Cans gansxvaveba xevsurulsa da fSa-

urs Soris: `vis amwyalobneb...?~ _ hkiTxavs aludas xucesi gadaweulis mklaviTa (`aluda...~); xevisbrobs beri luxumi, xmatkbilad moubaria (`baxtrioni~); Tumca xevisber- termins poeti xevsurul garemoSic iyenebs: xevisbers aZlevs mozversa, dadga daxrilis TaviTa (`aluda...~).

xucesi rom fSavSic vlindeba, amas adasturebs zogi

sxva wyaro (ix. g. xornauli, fSauri leqsikoni, Tb. 2000). uf-

ro savaraudoa, rom aq es iyos ufro arqauli viTarebis na-

STi, vinaidan xuces- warmoeba sakulto terminebs Soris erT-

erTi yvelaze Zveli erTeulia.

rac mTavaria, xevsureTSi (istoriul fxovSi) SemorCeni-

lia Sesabamisi ritualis amsaxveli zmnuri forma xuc-ob-a,

romelic, Tavis mxriv, inaxavs am warmoebis ufro arqaul

12

(xuc-) viTarebas: xucoba ƒ?. saklavze risame an visime kurTxe-

vis dros locvebis warmoTqma xucesis mier (ƒ. mas.) (a. SaniZe,

Txz., t. 1, leqs.). amave fuZis warmoebaa: saxuco koWobi, sa-

xucari Tasi _ Tasi an koWobi, romelsac mxolod xucesi da

dastur-ƒelosnebi xmaroben (al. WinW., xevs. leqs., 2005).

moxsenebaSi saubaria am terminebTan dakavSirebuli so-

cialuri institutebisa da maTi urTierTmimarTebis Sesaxeb.

m a n a n a b u k i a (enaTmecnierebis instituti)

tabu megrel mwyemsTa metyvelebaSi

megrul mwyemsur leqsikaSi gansakuTrebuli adgili uWi-

ravs tabus, e. w. vaSiners-s.

mwyemsTa mier garkveuli sityvebis warmoTqmis akrZalva

sxvadasxva motiviT iyo ganpirobebuli. zogadad, sityvis ta-

bus _ rwmena-warmodgenebiT gamowveuli evfemizmis pirdapiri

daniSnuleba is iyo, rom aRekveTa ama Tu im sityvis xmarebiT

amoZravebuli mistikuri Zalebis moqmedeba, anda sasurveli

gzebiT waremarTa igi (k. jorjaneli).

megruli tabus Sesaxeb Zalze saintereso masalas gvaw-

vdis T. saxokia, a. Wanturias eTnografiuli Canawerebi.

ialaRze (saafunoze) myofi mwyemsi ar axsenebda garkve-

ul sityvebs da mas sxva formebiT cvlida. es akrZalva Ziri-

Tadad exeboda mtacebel cxovelTa saxelebs.

nadirTa sazogado saxeli (tabuirebuli) iyo uSinu `ux-

senebeli~, anu arseba, romlis saxelis Tqma ar SeiZleboda.

zogierT nadirs ramdenime saxeli hqonda, saxeldeba mo-

tivirebuli iyo misi TvisebiT, garegnobiT da a. S. mag., daTvs

(megr. TunTi) mwyemsebi eZaxdnen uwundur-s (`uwminduri~) da

burdRina-s (`moburtyune~); mela iyo uWu-uxaSuS maWkomali

`uwvav-uxarSavis mWameli~; Sdr. mesaqonleobis mfarveli RvTa-

13

ebis, galeniSis locva: Cqimi orinc si gaatHbi, amiSeni; uWu-

uxaSHS maWkumalc kibiri gakuutkaCi do okuukHle `Cemi sa-

qoneli Sen Seiwyale (`gauTbe~), amiSene; Seumwvar-mouxarSavis

mWamels kbili gauqvave da Seukari~), aseve maZvaZvale `ZunZu-

liT mosiarule~; tura ixsenieboda, rogorc kvali-Wyeli

`kvaldawyevlili~, mocqvacqvale `cunculiT mosiarule~.

akrZalvebi exeboda saqonlis avadmyofobis aRmniSvnel

sityvebs. roca saqonels pru / puli / pruli (`saqonlis mat-

li, naiarevze gaCenili matli~) uCndeboda, matlis xseneba ar

SeiZleboda, mas cvlida oWiSiS mazimali `zurgis mzomeli~,

Teli `cocxali~, Surdgumili `suldgmuli~; saqonlis Wirs

ivana/ivania-s epidemiis gaCenis SemTxvevaSi eZaxdnen usaxele-s

`usaxelos~.

aqve SevniSnavT, rom afxazur tabuirebul metyvelebaSi,

e. w. `tyis enaSi~, sakmaod gvxvdeba qarTulidan SeTvisebuli

leqsika, mag. kHc° `Txa~ < Zv. qarT. kicu; a-g°aW / a-g°aWa `um-

crosi mwyemsi~ < qarT. goWi; a-kHc°g°aWk `Txis naSieri~ <

(a)kHc° qarT. `kvici~, g°aW < `goWi~.

T e a b ur Wul a Z e (enaTmecnierebis instituti) eqimis ena _ profesiuli dialeqti

1. cnobilia, rom yoveli ganviTarebuli sazogadoeba

rTuli socialuri struqturisaa. masSi gamoiyofa sxvadasxva

socialuri fena. TiToeuli fenisaTvis niSandoblivi Tavise-

bureba, sxva maxasiaTeblebTan erTad, metyvelebiTac vlinde-

ba(b. jorbenaZe). socialuri dialeqti ganimarteba ama Tu im

sazogadoebrivi fenis niSandobliv nairsaxeobad, romelic Se-

pirobebulia socialur-ekonomikuri, politikuri da rwmeniTi

faqtorebiT. profesiis, saqmianobis mixedviT ganawileba ki sa-

fuZvels uqmnis specifikuri profesiuli niSnebis gamomuSave-

14

bas, rac, cxadia, metyvelebasa da weriT kulturaSic iCens

Tavs. amis safuZvelze warmoqmnili metyvelebis nairsaxeoba

profesiul dialeqtad iwodeba.

2. am TvalsazrisiT yuradReba gavamaxvileT medicinis

muSakTa weriT kulturasa da Taviseburebebze. swored profe-

siuli dialeqtis erT-erTi saxea eqimTa ena. misTvis upirvele-

sad damaxasiaTebelia profesiuli terminologia, rac umTav-

resi faqtoria rogorc weriTi, ise zepiri metyvelebisas. sa-

erTo terminologiis garda, sxvadasxva dargis eqimTaTvis ni-

Sandoblivia viwro specifikis Sesabamisi terminebi. magali-

Tad, Sinagan sneulebaTa, qirurgis, yel-yur-cxviris eqimTa da

sxvaTa terminologia.

3. eqimTa weriT metyvelebas axasiaTebs funqciuri sti-

lis niSnebi. ena lakoniuria, ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba sawyisebi,

iSviaTad _ zmnebi. daniSnuleba formularis saxiT iwereba.

sainteresoa is faqti,rom werisas standartuli formaa gamo-

yenebuli _ jer iwereba pacientis Civili (rogorc wesi, weren

`Civilebs~), Semdeg _ eqimis dakvirveba avadmyofobis niSnebze

(magaliTad, aReniSneba maRali temperatura, Tavbrusxveva...),

bolos daismis diagnozi, sadac eqimi mxolod daavadebis sa-

xelwodebas uTiTebs (mag., diagnozi _ mwvave pnevmonia).

daniSnulebis daweris drosac eqimebi lakoniurobas

aniWeben upiratesobas: preparatis saxelwodeba _ misaRebi

abis raodenoba _ miRebis dozis gansazRvra. magaliTad, kap-

toprili _ 1 abi dReSi 2-jer (xSiria raodenobis miTiTebisas

umarTebulo formebis gamoyenebis SemTxvevebi _ 1-jer, er-

Tjer...).

eqimTa profesiuli dialeqti funqciuri stilis erT-

erTi gamovlinebaa.

15

el i s a b ed g a zd eli a n i (enaTmecnierebis instituti)

solomon brZeni Zvel svanur RvTaebaTa panTeonSi

svanuri ena gamorCeulad mdidaria religiasTan dakavSi-

rebuli leqsikiT. aq vxvdebiT rogorc warmarTul, ise Zveli

da axali aRTqmis wmindanTa saxelebs, maTTan dakavSirebuli

dResaswaulebis gansxvavebul, saintereso saxelwodebebs da sa-

weso ritualebs. religiur terminTa siuxve svanurSi adastu-

rebs, Tu ramdenad didi adgili eWira Zvelad svanebis cxovre-

baSi religias, maT sarwmunoebriv wes-Cveulebebs.

svanuri enis gamoqveynebul, nabeWd teqstebSi Cveni yura-

dReba miiqcia svanur RvTaebaTa panTeonSi Zveli aRTqmis wmin-

danebisadmi Tayvaniscemam da maTTvis miZRvnilma locva-vedre-

bam.

didi pativiT moixseniebdnen erT-erT RvTaebas solom{n}s. maSŠne pativisga solomn xey’dx, eja l@sv l@kiriS, l@SkdaSiS, liTxv~ar@S, lilgim@leS, liƒˆlvan@S i Cimi xe-lob@ RŠrbeT (svan. enis qrest. gv. 21) _ `yvelaze did pativ-

Si solomni hyavdaT, is iyo sakiris, samWedlosi, nadirobis,

mSeneblobis, xelosnobis da yoveli xelobis RmerTi~.

v. bardaveliZis ganmartebiT: `solom, solom fus-

n@bu‰sdiS _ `solom, solomi samyaros uflisa, yovelgvari

xelosnobis _ saxlis agebis, aryis gamoxdis da sxv. mfarveli

da yovel saqmeSi sve-bedis mimniWebeli kaci-RvTaeba~.

sainteresoa erT-erTi rituali, romelsac nauqmi (na-

uqm-i) ewodeboda. Zvelad svanebis warmodgeniT, uqmeebis

gatexvis gamo, SeiZleboda ojaxi dasjiliyo, amitom ixdidnen

kaTx-tabags (xarjs, sufras), sadac adidebdnen da RmerTebs

patiebas SesTxovdnen. pirvel rigSi axsenebdnen xoSa RŠrbeTs

_ `did RmerTs~, jgˆr’gs _ `wminda giorgis~, lam’rias _

`RvTismSobels~ da gansakuTrebiT solom-s SesTxovdnen _ la-

xeSd al qors i al qor@ merdas _ `Seewie am saxls da am sa-

xlSi myofT~.

16

solom-s karpez dondua svanur-qarTul-rusul leqsi-

konSi ganmartavs. solom _ solom-i aryis RmerTi. locvebSi

solom zogan solomn formiT gvxvdeba. saxlis asaSeneblad ki-

ris damzadebis dros, ojaxis ufrosi aryiT da sami salocavi

puriT: xeƒˆr‰l solomns... sevsi i hajs _ `evedreba solomn-s

sves da baraqas~. saxlis mSeneblobis dasrulebis Semdeg ojaxi

ixdida wveulebas li-zgˆr’l-s `dasrulebas~. erT-erTi kala-

tozi aiRebda salocav kverebs, sanTels da dalocavda ojaxs:

madl~‰n solomn! al qor bednier Cvemn, maCŠne Svidbian, barq~an... xoCa gar axasy al qorisga... qvinlˆmgene, m‰re, m@g aTfiSir... (svan. enis qrest. gv. 111) _ madliano solom! es

saxli bednieri hqeni, yvelaze mSvidobiani, baraqiani, mxolod

kargi gaakeTe am saxlSi, suldgmuli (saqoneli) da adamiani

yvela gaamravle...

solomo forma gvxvdeba o. qajaias megrul-qarTul leq-

sikonSi. solomo (solomo-s) _ solomoni, wminda solomo _

wminda solomoni. xelosnobis RvTaeba, salocavi hqonda xuxun-

joba (i. yifSiZe).

rogorc Cans, svan. solom, solomn da megruli solomo

igive bibliuri, iudevelTa mesame mefe solomonia, romlis sa-

xelTanaa dakavSirebuli ebraelTa udidesi siwmindis _ ieru-

salimis taZris ageba da ebraeli xalxis keTildReoba.

solom{n} rom igive solomon brZenia, amis Sesaxeb 1941

wels sebi guledanis mier daweril erT-erT teqstSi vkiTxu-

lobT: qristianre RerTarˆnqa jvinald Svan@rs, ob@Sin

vir~@~re RerT@ri xamwmˆnx (svan. enis qrest. gv. 21) _ qris-

tianebis RmerTebis garda Zvelad svanebs, xSirad ebraelebis

RmerTebic swamdaT.

aSkaraa, solom < solomn da megruli solomo solomon

brZenia, romelsac evedrebodnen mSeneblobasa da yovelgvar

sameurneo saqmianobaSi Sewevnas da warmatebas.

17

rus ud a n g er s a m i a (ilias universiteti)

fonosemantikuri leqsikis enobriv doneTa mixedviT struqturirebis problemebi (qarTveluri enebis masala)

fonosemantikaSi igulisxmeba ara sametyvelo bgerebis

garegani movlenebisadmi mimsgavseba, aramed fonologiuri niS-

nebis sistemuri xmareba garkveuli semantikuri movlenebis aR-

sawerad. amgvari sistemebis SigniT fonologiuri maxasiaTeb-

lebi nebismierni ki ar arian, aramed kanonzomierad gadmosce-

men garkveul semantikur informacias. Tumca amgvari informa-

ciis matarebeli ara mxolod fonemuri niSnebia, aramed morfe-

mulic, vinaidan enobrivi niSani, romelic linealuria (f. de

sosiuri), aris fonostruqturac da morfostruqturac. ami-

tomac fonosemantikuri modelebi qarTvelur enebSi arsebo-

ben ara oden fono-, aramed morfologiuri bgerweriTi yali-

bebis saxiT da maSasadame, maTi konstruirebisTvis gamoiyeneba

ara mxolod fonologiuri, aramed morfologiuri principebi

Tu xerxebi.

bgerweriT struqturaTa semantikasTan kavSiri ganixile-

ba enobrivi analizis or _ fonologiur da morfologiur _

doneze; semantikur diferencialur niSnebs ukavSirdeba ro-

gorc f o n olo g i u r i (xmovani _ Tanxmovani, mJReri _ yru, fSvinvieri _ glotalizebuli, sisina-SiSina), ise m o r -

f olo g i u r i diferencialuri niSnebi (Ziri, fuZe, afiqsi). fonologiuri donis analizi moicavs fonemaTa Tu fo-

nemaTkompleqsTa kavSirs mniSvnelobebTan. klasifikaciisas ga-

moyofa xmovniTi (vokaluri) da TanxmovniTi (konsonanturi)

modelebi anu yalibebi, romlebic aseve SeiZleba diferencir-

des m o n o f o n e m e b i s da b g e r a T k o m pl e q s e b i s (zoga-

dad kompleqsebis, maT Soris, harmoniulebis, bifonemebis, fo-nesTemebis da a. S.) struqturebad da maTTan dakavSirebul

mniSvnelobebad.

18

enobrivi analizis amave donis sakiTxs warmoadgens fo-

nologiuri movlenebi, romlebic qarTvelur enebSi bgerwe-

riTi leqsikis warmoqmnis safuZveli Cans; igulisxmeba:

1. bgeraTganviTareba

2. metaTezisi / bgeraTgadasxma

3. substitucia /bgeraTSenacvleba

4. vokaluri alternacia

am meqanizmebis saSualebiT aixsneba, Tu ra enobriv inven-

tars, ra principebs, wesebs iyeneben qarTveluri enebi komuni-

kaciis procesSi aucilebeli semantikebis dasafarad, sxvadas-

xva tipis moqmedebaTa eqspresiulobis gamosaxatavad. aRniSnu-

li wesebi moicavs ama Tu im enisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli fono-

taqtikis kanonebiT ganpirobebul cvlilebebsac.

bgerweris morfologiur inventars warmoadgens Ziri,

misgan (an maTgan) miRebuli fuZe da afiqsi, xolo fuZeTa

warmoqmnis morfologiur principebs - Ziris reduplikacia,

afiqsacia, alternacia, vinaidan bgerweriTi Rirebuleba aqvs

ara oden fono-, aramed morfologiur struqturebsac. yvela qarTveluri enisaTvis gamoiyofa fuZeTa ori

struqturuli tipi: arareduplicirebuli da reduplicire-buli. reduplicirebuli fuZe araerTi niSniT SeiZleba daxa-

siaTdes, maT Soris fonosemantikisTvis mniSvnelovania struq-

turaSi xmovniTi elementebis sintagmatikisa da maTi erTma-

neTTan Sepirispirebis, fuZis Semadgenel komponentebSi Tan-

xmovanTa da xmovanTa Canacvlebis sakiTxebi. bgerweriTi Ziris

reduplikaciaSi gamoiyofa ori qvesaxeoba:

1. identurxmovniani: (V=V)

2. gansxvavebulxmovniani (monacvle xmovniT /vokaluri

alternaciiT): (V≠V)

aRniSnul sakiTxs pirdapir ebmis marcvlis struqturis

sakiTxi:

1. Ria marcvlis gaorkeceba: (CV)2

2. daxuruli marcvlis gaorkeceba: (CVC)2

marcvlis Riaoba _ daxuruloba gansazRvravs fonoseman-

19

tikuri modelis semur niuansebs.

fonosemantikur leqsikaSi afiqsaciis wesebi misdevs ene-

bisaTvis gamovlenil universalur principebs, romlebic adge-

nen Zirisa da sufiqsis Sesabamisobis sakiTxebs; isini SeiZleba

mokled ase Caiweros:

1. sufiqsacia: (CV) / (CV)2 +CVSUF-; (CVC) / (CVC)2 + CVCSUF-

2. infiqsacia: (CVC)+V+(CVC)– (e.w. maerTi xmovniT gamij-

nuli modelebi)

megrulSi fonosemantikuri fuZis warmoqmnis erTi wesi

ukavSirdeba sufiqsis struqturas da misi Semadgeneli xmovni-

Ti elementis tips, romelic fuZeSi vokaluri alternaciis

safuZvelia, aRniSnuli procesi cnobilia `semantikuri daniS-

nulebis xmovanTmonacvleobis~ saxeliT.

qarTvelur enaTa fonosemantikuri leqsikis struqtu-

ruli analizi aucileblad iTxovs fuZeTa gamijvnas sinqronia-

diaqroniis TvalsazrisiT, enobrivi analizis am ori perspeq-

tividan gamomdinare fono-morfologiuri struqturebi sxva-

dasxvagvarad segmentirdeba da kvalificirdeba.

aRniSnuli debulebebis gasamyareblad moxsenebaSi deta-

lurad iqneba warmodgenili da gaanalizebuli qarTvelur

enaTa monacemebi.

g i o r g i g o g o l a S v i l i,

x a T u n a y a n d a S v i l i (enaTmecnierebis instituti) kaxeTis 1812 wlis ajanyebis dokumentebi _ kaxuri dialeqtis istoriis sando wyaro

1999 wels Tsu gamomcemlobam gamosca `dokumentebi ka-

xeTis 1812 wlis ajanyebis istoriisaTvis~. es aris ajanyebul

kaxelTa saCivrebi da Cvenebebi (dakiTxvis oqmebi).

kaxeTis cnobili ajanyeba 1812 wlis ianvris bolos dai-

20

wyo da moicva praqtikulad mTeli kaxeTi (qiziyi, Signi da ga-

re kaxeTi). ajanyebis Caqrobis Semdeg mTavarmarTeblis markiz

pauliCis gadawyvetilebiT daiwyo ajanyebis gamomwvevi mizeze-

bis Seswavla. Seiqmna sagangebo komisia. Segrovda ocdaaTamde

saCivari, aTeulobiT mowme daikiTxa. 1812 wlis ivnisSi mTa-

varmarTebeli Seicvala, komisiam muSaoba Sewyvita da mopove-

buli masalebi peterburgSi gadaigzavna, Semdeg am masalam bi-

na daido moskovis samxedro-istoriul arqivSi. arqividan 1951

wels masala gadmowera da gamosacemad moamzada istorikosma

SoTa xanTaZem, gamosca kidec 1961 wels, Tumca `arasasurveli

gamocema~ stambaSive ganadgurda. 1999 wels SemTxveviT gada-

rCenili calis mixedviT xelaxali gamocema moamzada istori-

kosma d. cincaZem. `dokumentebi~ sainteresoa ara marto isto-

riuli, aramed enaTmecnieruli TvalsazrisiTac; kerZod, kaxu-

ri dialeqtis istoriuli viTarebis gasarkvevad.

winamdebare moxsenebaSi yuradRebas mivaqcevT mxolod

erT faqts _ xolmeobiTobis gamoxatvas.

faqtia, dRes xolmeobiTebi aRar aris kaxur dialeqtSi

morfologiuri kategoria; XX saukunis Sua xanebSi qiziySiRa

iyo SemorCenili naSTis saxiT; ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba -ke nawi-

laki da aRweriTi warmoeba.

`dokumentebSi~ warmodgenili masalis mixedviT xolmeo-

biTi, rogorc morfologiuri kategoria, cocxalia da aqtiu-

rad gamoiyeneba mTeli kaxeTis teritoriaze. sailustracio

masalidan moviyvanT nimuSebs:

qiziyi: ,,kamiserisagan puri rom mogvarTvian, rogori-

Tac Cven erTmaneTSi isyidebodes, srulebiT fasi ar mogvcian

da iseTis litriT gvarTmevdian, rom ToTxmeti litra kodaT

miwyvian da begarisaganac Sewuxebulni viyaviT, romelsac xars

aRar SeZlis waReba~ (maRaro, nukriani)

`vaSkaceb colebi waarTvian da TiTon daiWirian da una-

musoT gaxdian~ (bodbisxevi)

Signikaxuri: `da odes mivarTmevdiT pursa, sams kaczed

Cafs Rvinosa daTvrian da sxva umjobesi Rvino iTxovian da ama

21

siRaribesa Sina micemulni xalxni iSovnidnen Rvinosa umjobe-

sa, Semdgom sTxovian dedaTaganic mogvareTo~ (veJini, gurjaa-

ni)

garekaxuri: `rac imaT gadarCis da qvevrSi CavasxemdiT

isic qurdobiT agvixadian, rac SeeZlebodaT waiRian da rac

darCis sul miwiT aRavsian da wagvixdinian, rom RvinoT aRar

gamogvadgis~.

T a m a r v a S a k i Z e, n i n o j o r b e n a Z e (enaTmecnierebis instituti)

profesiuli dialeqtis erTi saxeobisaTvis Tanamedrove qarTulSi (mediaena)

`Sromis ganawileba niSandoblivi movlenaa yvela sazoga-

doebisaTvis. es ki warmoqmnis sxvadasxva profesiul jgufebs.

xelosnobaSi aseT jgufebs amqrobas uwodebdnen. profesiis,

mosaqmeobis mixedviT sazogadoebis amgvari ganawileba safuZ-

vels uqmnis specifikuri profesiuli niSnebis gamomuSavebas,

dawyebuls sulieri wyobiT da damTavrebuls sazogadoebaSi

moqceviT, rac metyvelebaSic iCens Tavs. amis safuZvelze

warmoqmnili metyvelebis nairsaxeoba profesiul dialeqtad

iwodeba~ (b. jorbenaZe).

Tanamedrove qarTulSi profesiuli dialeqtis erT-erT

gansakuTrebul saxeobas warmoadgens mediaena _ ori umTavre-

si ganStoebiT. esenia: JurnalistTa zepiri metyveleba da pre-

sis ena, romlebic sakmaod sxvaoben erTmaneTisagan sintaqsur-

stilistikuri TvalsazrisiT, met-naklebad _ leqsikiTac.

Tanamedrove mediaena (kerZod, tele- da met-naklebad ra-

diogadacemaTa ena) xuTi umTavresi qvesaxeobis erTobliobas

warmoadgens (da, bunebrivia, am TvalsazrisiTac saintereso da

angariSgasawevia). esenia:

22

1) sainformacio gadacemaTa ena (romelic ZiriTadad dama-

xasiaTebelia tele- da radiosainformacio programebisaTvis);

2) sarespondento ena (romelic gamoikveTeba Jurnalis-

tebisa da respondentebis saubrisas ama Tu im saxis Semecnebi-

Ti Tu sxva tipis gadacemebis dros);

3) reklamis ena (romelic moicavs sareklamo mowodeba-

lozungebsa da SedarebiT vrcel sareklamo teqstebs);

4) Souena (romelic mTeli Tavisi nairsaxeobiT mJRavnde-

ba sxvadasxva saxis gasarTob programa-proeqtebSi);

5) naTargmni filmebisa da serialebis ena (romelic, bu-

nebrivia, naTargmn teqstebs emyareba, magram masSi mainc Seim-

Cneva mediaenisTvis damaxasiaTebeli Taviseburebani, rogoric

aris, magaliTad, metyvelebis manera Tu sxva).

`eTnikur-teritoriul da socialur-profesiul dialeq-

tebs Soris Tvisebrivi sxvaobaa. marTalia, yvela es dialeqti

romelime erTi enis nairsaxeobebs warmoadgens, magram es na-

irsaxeobani sxvadasxva bunebisaa... eTnikur-teritoriuli dia-

leqtebi ama Tu im enis nairsaxeobas yvela doneze warmogviCe-

nen: fonetikuri, morfologiuri, sintaqsuri, leqsikuri nair-

saxeobebi met-naklebad yvela eTnikur-teritoriul dialeq-

tSia warmodgenili. rac Seexeba socialur da profesiul di-

aleqtebs, maT Taviseburebebs ZiriTadad leqsika da frazeo-

logia gansazRvravs, anu: isini ZiriTadad leqsikiTa da fraze-

ologiiT sxvaoben im enisagan, romlis dialeqtebic arian~

(b. jorbenaZe).

Tanamedrove mediaena qarTuli enis erT-erTi yvelaze mas-

Staburi profesiuli dialeqtia, romlis avtonomiurobas

swored leqsika-frazeologiis Tavisebureba ganapirobebs. ga-

damwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeba agreTve metyvelebis stilsa da

maneras.

23

T a m il a z v i ad a Z e (soxumis universiteti)

andazebSi SemorCenili zogi leqsikuri erTeulis warmomavlobis gamo

enas aqvs unari, asaxos ara mxolod garkveuli movlena,

aramed damokidebuleba am movlenis mimarT, maT Sorisaa is

zneobriv-eTikuri Rirebulebebi, rac gamoxatulia andazebiT.

konkretuli cnebis gamomxatvel gamonaTqvamebs, romlebic gan-

zogadebuli mniSvnelobis matarebel formebad gvevlineba,

xSirad ekargeba pirvandeli semantika da droTa ganmavlobaSi

iRebs gadataniT mniSvnelobas. saukuneebis manZilze ena aqtiu-

rad iTvisebs yofa-cxovrebiTi siaxleebis amsaxvel leqsikas.

adamianTa sazogadoebrivi urTierTobebis mobiluroba da

sxvadasxva eqstraligvisturi faqtorebis zemoqmedebiT gamo-

wveuli semantikuri cvalebadoba saSualeba gvaZlevs, davakvir-

deT andazebSi Semaval sityvaTa sicocxlisunarianobas.

andazebSi xSirad icvleba sayrdeni sityva an romelime

komponenti. SeiZleba cvlileba ar moxdes, magram leqsikuri

erTeulis arqaulobisa Tu dialeqturi warmoSobis gamo ga-

bundovandes azri. kuTxuri sityvebis dadastureba gamoTqmeb-

Si saSualebaa andazis warmoSobis adgilis misakvlevad.

magaliTad, sityva `saciqveli~ dasturdeba andazaSi: `av

mezobels cecxlic saciqveli egonao~. saciqveli arqauli leq-

sikuri erTeulia, romlis Ziria `ciqv~: saciqueli, saciquehli,

samociqulo: mosaxmarebeli, saTxovneli, saTxovari. ciqua-oxa,

gina mociquloba. mociquli... ,,ars kacman vinme amxanagsa anu

uaRresaa miagzavnos saqmesa rasme zeda~ (orbeliani, 1993).

saciqveli _ mezoblis mier mezoblisaTvis miTxovebuli

raime ajaTi _ culi, bari, weraqvi, qvabi da misT.(menTeSaSvli,

1943).

dasturdeba svanurSi: saciq _ yvela saxis wvrilmani,

rac ki SeiZleba sTxovo mezobels(mawvnis Ziri, mWadis fqvili,

kvercxi...).

24

svanuri lisciqv aqtiurad monawileobs saxelur da

zmnur derivaciasa da paradigmatikaSi, aseve frazeologizmeb-

Si: saciqv `saciqveli~, li-sciqv `saciqvelze mezobelTan gada-

svla, xola saciqv-iS `ojaxi, romelic garkveul dReebSi (or-

SabaTs, xuTSabaTs, SabaTs) ar gascems saciqvels, radgan es

cudad imoqmedebs ojaxis Semosavlebze. sacqvi nauhvedi _ sa-

ciqvelis miucemloba, uariT gastumreba (q. margiani)

am andazas imerulSi dResac iyeneben. sityva `saciqvels~,

romelic dialeqturadaa gaazrebuli, daviwroebuli aqvs mniS-

vneloba da aRniSnavs mxolod mealiloeTaTvis micemul saCu-

qars (kvercxi, xili, nazuqi...).

gasaTvaliswinebelia ama Tu im kuTxis yofa-cxovrebis

specifikac. erTi da imave Sinaarsis andazebSi SeiZleba gan-

sxvavebuli leqsikuri erTeulebi dadasturdes: `gideli iwvo-

da da RaRvi icinodao~// Zna iwveboda, ulo icinodao~.

dialeqturad gaazrebuli arqauli sityvaa kvrinCxi, ro-

melic dasturdeba andazebSi: `ueklo kvrinCxs sul fexiT

gasTelaveno~; `kvrinCxs rom ekali ar esxas, masac fexs da-

adgameno~; `kvrinCxs Tavisi ekali icavso~; semantika ukav-

Sirdeba implicitur Sinaarss: mSvidi, uwyinari adamiani dauc-

velia. kvrinCxi _ Rortyemalaa (mayaSvili, 1961), nayofiani

xe(leCx.). am mniSvnelobiT dasturdeba `daviTianSi~: `aTi

dRis mSiers momerTva sadili sakvexuria/ mouwevari kvrinCxi

da mkvaxe kowaxuria~.

saba ganmartavs, rogorc eklian xes (orbeliani, 1991);

asea imerulSic:

kvrinCxi _ `jagrcxilaa~, igive kvincxa: `platonma ...

cxeni miaba samzareulo saxlis gverdiT mdgar kvincxasTan~

(d. kldiaSvili).

zepirsityvierebis nimuSTa Seswavla gansakuTrebuli Ri-

rebulebisaa. andaza mkafio individualobis mqone xatovani

gamonaTqvamia, romelsac sinamdvilis asaxvis individualuri

forma aqvs. maTi gaazreba _ gaanalizeba metad saintereso da

mniSvnelovani procesia.

25

moxsenebaSi warmodgenili iqneba sailustracio masala

da am masalis analizi.

lile T a n d il a v a (baTumis universiteti)

Turquli elementebi taourSi

tao saqarTvelos ZirZveli kuTxea Tavisi mZime istoriu-

li warsuliTa da momxibvleli geografiuli adgilmdebareo-

biT, TvalismomWreli bunebiT, maRali kldeebiT, romlebic

amayad dahyureben qarTul uZveles Zeglebs: iSxans, parxals,

oTxTas, oSks, romlebiTac ase vamayobT dResac, mTis mdinare-

Ta Zlieri xmauriT, romelic dResac icavs maT avi Tvalisagan,

eklesiaTa Semogareni savsea Sindisa da kaklis ulamazesi xee-

biT.

sxvadasxva epoqalur movlenaTa qariSxalSi bevr Wir-va-

rams gauZlo taom da mainc gadarCa. is dResac myarad dgas

Tavisi ZeglebiT, amayobs xalxiT, romelmac Tavisi miwisa da

enisadmi didi siyvaruliT moaxerxa qarTuli enis SenarCuneba.

1995 wels baTumis universitetis mcire jgufi eqspedi-

ciiT pirvelad vestumreT taos. sakuTari TvaliT vixile da

samudamod movixible am kuTxis silamaziT, SeuZlebelia es yve-

laferi naxo da darCe gulgrili. mogwons da giyvars yvela

da yvelaferi iq.

mosaxleobis garkveul nawils Zveli qarTuli warmomav-

lobis adamianebi warmoadgens, romelTa cxovrebis wesi, me-

tyvelebis stili, leqsikuri erTeulebi, wes-Cveulebebi sru-

liad gansxvavebulia tipuri Turqulisagan. Cven ganvixilavT

ramdenime magaliTs Turquli enobrivi cvlilebebisas taour-

Si, romlebic Tavs iCens adgilobrivi Tanamedrove mosaxleo-

bis sakomunikacio qarTulSi.

S. futkaraZis ,,Cveneburebis qarTulSi~ taouri teqste-

26

bis kiTxvisas xSirad vawydebiT Turquli enis elementebs,

romlebsac xSirad gamoiyeneben qarTuli enis matareblebi. sa-

literaturo Turquli enis formebi zogjer formaucvlelad

gadmodis, zogjer ki fonetikuri cvlilebebiT Sedis enaSi.

Tarhana Surva maixoSi saWmelia.

Tarhana Sorva – tarhana corba _ wvniani

maixoSi – mayhos – sasiamovno

qizarTmasac gavakeTebT, yarTofasac moxrakaven iaRSi.

qizarTmა – kizartma – Sewva

iaRSi – yag – erbo, karaqi

iaRSi – yag -Si sityva yag aris ucvleli, xolo -Si Tan-

debuli qarTulia.

rengis saxlebi giTxra? wuane, Savi, yirmizi, fembe yave-

rengi, mori.

rengi – renk – feri, bolokiduri k – xmovnis darTvis

Sedegad gamJRerebulia.

mavi _ mavi _ cisferi ucvlelad aris gadmosuli.

yirmizi _ kirmizi – wiTeli

Tavkiduri k qarTulSi _ y-d gadmodis.

fembe _ pembe – vardisferi, esec ucvleladaa gadmosu-

li.

yaverengi _ kahverengi _ yavisferi. Tavkiduri k- y, xolo

h- amovardnilia

mori _ mori – lurji, esec ucvleladaa gadmosuli.

yarfuzebi mohqonda queidan.

Seveli Sian, eveli miere yaTSi…

yarfuzebi – karpuz – sazamTro, Tavkiduri k – y. mravlo-

biTi ricxvis -eb bolosarTi qarTulia.

yaTSi – kat – sarTuli

k – y, -Si qarTuli Tandebulia.

Turquli brunvis niSani da- Si, ze formiT gadmodis. aq

-ze-s nacvlad -Si Tandebulia gamoyenebuli.

27

merdevani isev Jolze avayudebie.

merdevani – merdiven – kibe

I – e

E – a

taour metyvelebaSi arsebuli Turquli enis elementebi

aWarulsa da lazurSic gvxvdeba rogorc ucvleli, ise saxec-

vlili formiTac.

d i a n a k a k a S v il i (enaTmecnierebis instituti)

ჲ-s funqcionirebisaTvis qiziyurSi

ჲ didi produqtiulobiT xasiaTdeba qarTuli enis yve-

la dialeqtSi, gansakuTrebiT ki kaxursa da qiziyurSi. ჲ-s

funqcionirebis aspeqtebze yuradReba gamaxvilebulia a. mar-

tirosovisa da d. imnaiSvilis monografiaSi `kaxuri dialeq-

ti~, aseve b. jorbenaZis `qarTul dialeqtologiaSi~. leqsi-

kur masalaze dakvirvebisas ki qiziyurSi gamoikveTa ramdenime

saintereso SemTxveva, romlebic gasaTvaliswinebelia mocemuli

sakiTxis srulad warmodgenisaTvis.

rogorc cnobilia, yvelaze xSirad Á warmogvidgeba s-s

an h-s poziciur niadagze gardaqmnis Sedegad rogorc saxeleb-

Si, aseve zmnebSi: laÁti ← lasti; lapuÁtaki ← lapustaki

(kaxurSi _ lapurtaki) `lawiraki~; xraÁti ← xrasti (ka-xurSi _ xranti) `amonaxveli~; Ákidia ← hkidia.

sayuradReboa, rom qiziyuri gaÁqiri rogorc salitera-

turo enaSi, aseve kaxurSi warmodgenilia, rogorc gaqiri,

v. barnovis moTxrobaSi `Teberas daniSnuli~ ( 1911w.) das-

turdeba gahqiri. Cans, rom h-s Á-Ti Canacvlebis procesi arc

ise Zvelia.

Á Cndeba agreTve xmovanTa iotizebuli SemarTvisa da da-

marTvis poziciaSic da xmovanTgamyarad.

28

masalis analizisas gamoikveTa, rom, garda zemoT moyvani-

li SemTxvevebisa, sporadulad Á SeiZleba Segvxvdes r da n so-

nantebis nacvladac.

r → Á gardaqmnis magaliTebia:

doÁyazi ← doryazi `msxvili kunZi~; yoloÁCoba ← yolorCoba `saqmis mixedva, patronoba~.

r-s monacvled Á-s xmareba mxolod zanurisTvisaa damaxa-

siaTebeli, sadac Á damoukidebeli fonemaa.

sainteresoa n→Á magaliTebi: fraÁti/ braÁti `Zveli,

dafleTili samosi~ `ZonZis faratini~ (saba); xruÁtva ← xruntva `krunCxva~.

n unda igulisxmebodes agreTve sityvaSi amobraÁtva `amowyveta~ _ kaxurSi amobratnva.

amgvarad, Á qiziyurSi SeiZleba ganvixiloT rogorc h-s

da s-s, ise calkeul SemTxvevebSi, r-sa da n-s gardaqmnis Sedegi.

m a i a k i k v a Z e (baTumis universiteti)

RmerTi klarjul zepirsityvierebaSi

istoriuli samxreT saqarTvelos problemebis kvlevas

intensiurad ganagrZoben baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwi-

fo universitetis `qarTvelologiis centris~ TanamSromlebi,

romlebmac wlebis ganmavlobaSi savele eqspediciebiT Seagro-

ves Zvirfasi dialeqtologiuri, folkloruli, eTnologiuri

masalebi.

`CveneburTa~ leqsika Turqizmebis moWarbebiT xasiaTde-

ba... miuxedavad amisa, samxrul dialeqtebs daucavs mravali

leqsikuri erTeuli, romelic sayuradReboa qarTuli leqsi-

kologiisa da, zogadad, qarTuli enis istoriisaTvis. amjerad

Cven klarjeTis soflebSi eqspediciebis mier Caweril zepirsi-

tyvierebis nimuSebSi koncept `RmerTs~ mivaqcieT yuradReba

(Camwerebi: T.SioSvili, g.maxaraSvili, r.xalvaSi, v.CoxaraZe).

29

cocxal metyvelebaze dakvirveba naTlad warmoaCens Tavad dia-

leqtTa Soris msgavseba-gansxvavebas da maT mimarTebas saerTo-

qarTulTan.

wodebiTSi dasmuli saxeli RmerTi xSirad mimarTvis

formaa, zogjer ki winadadebaSi qvemdebare, damateba da gansa-

zRvrebaa.

klarjebi metyvelebaSi xSirad iyeneben `RmerTs~. zogjer

RmerTis nacvlad moxseniebulia gamCeneli, mfarveli, damwe-

sebeli, damxmare. amis magaliTebi mravladaa andazebSi, saak-

vne leqs-simRerebSi, SelocvebSi. 1. RmerTi gamCeneli: deda naninaTi aZinebs Tavis pirmSos, rogorc klarjeTSi

ityvian, RarWs da RmerTs-gamCenels sTxovs Svilis bednier

sicocxles. `geizardosna Cemi RarWi, RmerTma micocxlos, ga-

mCenelma~ (rogorc Camweri aRniSnavs, am simReriT aZinebdnen

qalebi Svilebs da damSvidebulebi imiT, rom RmerTi daicavda

bavSvebs, ganagrZobdnen TavianT saqmes. leqs-simReraze aseTi

minaweria: `davaZinavT da Cveni saqme viqamT~). 2. RmerTi damwesebeli, damkanonebeli: `Seni Tavi miyvarda, mokdomasaven,

RmerTis dawesebuli nakiTxisaven~. 3.RmerTi Semwe, damxmare, mSveleli: `RmerTi Segeweva, Tu yvelafers ar laparakob, rasac

fiqrob~; ,,didi visaqme da pawai vWame~. ..RmerTi yoliferSi

demexmara~. `RmerTis imedi iqonie, Senc xeli gaanZrieo~; me

var kiTxavi, RmerTia mSvelebeli; 4.RmerTi mfarveli: `RmerTi mfarvelobs imas, vinc sakuTar Tavs TviTon ex-

mareba~.

`Sav katis cintali,

dRe amdeni geyofa es locva.

xval amaze beTeri gaxdi! miergeba RmerTidan~ RmerTis gansakuTrebuli Zala Cans wyevlebsa da da-

locvebSi:

30

RmerTma gagcviTos (gacveTa/sikvdili); RmerTma erTi

dRe ar daganaxvos (sikvdili); RmerTma bairami ar mogaswros!

(sikvdili): RmerTma gagafaqos (sikvdili). faq Ziri Cans gafa-

qebaSi, romelsac sxvadasxva mniSvneloba aqvs:

1. qalis gaTxoveba (ityvian gaTxoveba dagvianebul qal-

ze):

`Zlivs ar gieTxva, gafaqda~ (axalS.).

igive mniSvneloba aqvs muhajirTa STamomavlebis metyve-

lebaSic.

2. wasvla, moSoreba (aWaruli, klarjuli, SavSuri):

`gafaqda, wevda, aRar mua~...

gafaqebuli: gadamaluli, dakarguli: `e baRvebi had ari-

an gafaqebuli, ar vici~.

RmerTma felji gagxados (dambladacemuli); RmerTma ke-

ra migiZras (ojaxis ganadgureba); Seni ojaxSi RmerTma leRvis

xe amogiyvanos (ojaxis ganadgureba)...

RmerTma bevri dRe mogces (sicocxle); RmerTma Seni

xel-fexi mogces da vinmes [imedze] ar dagtios (janis mocema);

RmerTis dua Sens Tavze (locva)

klarjebi yuradRebis miRma ar toveben iseT adamianebs,

romlebic RmerTs moCvenebiTad emsaxurebian. orsaxovani adami-

anis ndoba ar SeiZleba. es azria gatarebuli andazaSi: vinc

RmerTs fulisaTvis emsaxureba, is eSmaksac mihyidis suls, Tu

mets gadauxdian.

31

m a r i a m ko b er i Z e (goris universiteti)

zogi nacvalsaxelis xmarebis sakiTxisaTvis frones xeobis qarTlurSi

nacvalsaxelis xmarebis mixedviT qarTluri ar aris er-

Tferovani. garkveuli sxvaoba SeiniSneba rogorc qarTlis

calkeul kuTxeebSi, ise xeobaTa Sorisac.

cnobilia, rom pirveli piris nacvalsaxeli me qsnisa da

aragvis xeobaSi gvxvdeba men // men(a) saxiT (gr. imnaiSvili, v.

somxiSvili). am nacvalsaxelSi SemorCenilia fuZis sadetermi-

nacio n(a) elementi, romelic istoriulad ivaraudeba, Sdr.:

Sen// Sena, Cven//Cvena (arn. Ciqobava, s. JRenti, T. gamyreliZe,

ar. martirosovi). men//mena nacvalsaxelis xmareba ZiriTadad

mTis kiloebisaTvis (mTiuluri, fSauri) aris damaxasiaTebeli

(arn. Ciqobava, g. cocaniZe).

piris nacvalsaxelebi frones xeobis qarTlurSi gvxvde-

boda iSviaTad aseT konteqstSi: `es kuTxe Senao, es _ Tqve-

nao, es _ Cvenao, es _ menao, me ki davrCi xaxamSrali~. mosax-

leobis migraciis Sedegad SeiniSneba men// mena nacvalsaxelis

xmarebis sxva SemTxvevebic, mag.: ,,men dabla-dabla davuyevi or-

Robes~; `mena wamovedi gverda-gverda malulaT da Zlivs mo-

vaRwie~.

is, es CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi zogjer gvevlinebian mo-

kvecili formiT, mag.: `e ambavi mere aravis gaxsenebia~; `i se-

tyva wamovida da daitana yvelaferi~.

frones xeobis qarTlurSi zog nacvalsaxelTan ebiani

mravlobiTi cdilobs damkvidrebas, mag.: `iseebi Camovidnen da

waiRes~; `egeebia, rom qveyanas Rupaven~; `Cvenebi Camovlen da

Camogitan~; `Cemebi movlen da wamiyvanen~. aseT SemTxvevaSi na-

cvalsaxeli kargavs msazRvrelis funqcias da iZens arsebiTi

saxelis mniSvnelobas.

es, eg, is mesame piris nacvalsaxlebi dairTaven moTxro-

biTi brunvis niSans, mag.: `amaTma Camoitanes~; `imaTma uSveles

32

da gamoiyvanes~; `magaTma Seinaxes da gamokvebes~....

CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelis mniSvnelobiT gvxvdeba emande//

emandera formebi, mag.: `emande mxali Camoitane, wavixemso~ _

is mxali; `emandera sazRvari ar iyos, meti araferi minda~ _

is sazRvari; `emande bavSvebs ar vCivi~ _ am bavSvebs.

qsnisa da liaxvis xeobaSi dasturdeba ende//ande, emde/

emandera formebi (v. somxiSvili), atenis xeobaSi _ emde//imde

(gr. imnaiSvili).

CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelis mniSvnelobiT gvxvdeba iseme,

eseme, romelsac mTqmeli mimarTavs daviwyebulis mosagoneb-

lad: `iseme mindoda, iseme~; `eseme... eseme waiRes da gavaxsen-

di?~.

zogjer CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelis funqciiT (ufro xSirad

zmnizedis mniSvnelobiT) dasturdeba agera// agrale formebi:

`agera (ai is) saxlia da SevideT~; `agrele (ai es ) wyaro da

mivideT~.

es, is, eg CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi gvxvdeba aes (ai es),

ais (ai is), aim (ai im), aimiT (ai imiT), aeg (ai eg), amagis (ai

magis) formiT, mag.: `ais ro adudRundeba, raRa gaaCerebs~;

`amagis patrons ra elxineba~; `aimisi viyo, rasac vizamdi~;

`aimiT amoitane da gveyofa~. a misaTiTebeli nawilaki prokli-

tikad mierTvis es, is, eg nacvalsaxelebs da mianiSnebs imaze,

rac mosaubre pirTan aris axlos, an xdeba.

le v a n ko Wl a m a z a S v il i (Tbilisi) diaqroniulad ganxorcielebuli erTi fonetikuri gardaqmnisaTvis qarTul toponimikaSi

moxsenebaSi ganxilulia d>r diaqroniuli gadabgerebis

erTi SemTxveva qarTuli toponimikis magaliTze. Sida qar-

Tlis sofeli mejvrisxevi, romelic mdebareobs goris raionSi,

33

mdinare mejudis xeobis Semadgeneli nawilia.

qarTlSi, da saerTod, saqarTveloSi, araerTi SemTxveva

gvaqvs imisa, rom sofelsa da mdinares erTi saxeli erqvas, ma-

galiTad, fca (sofeli da mdinare qarTlSi), qsani (sofeli

da mdinare qarTlSi), narekvavi (mdinare da sofeli qarTl-

Si), maSavera (mdinare da sofeli qarTlSi), algeTi (mdinare

da sofeli qarTlSi), vere (ubani da mdinare TbilisSi), ki-

sisxevi (sofeli da mdinare kaxeTSi), Cailuri (sofeli da

mdinare kaxeTSi), abuli (mdinare da sofeli javaxeTSi), Woba-

reTi (mdinare da sofeli javaxeTSi), okami (mdinare da sofe-

li javaxeTSi), Zirula (sofeli da mdinare imereTSi), sulo-

ri (sofeli da mdinare imereTSi), abaSa (qalaqi da mdinare

samegreloSi), enguri (megr. ingiri - mdinare da sofeli sa-

megreloSi), oqumi (sofeli da mdinare afxazeTSi), kelasuri

(sofeli da mdinare afxazeTSi), bzifi (sofeli da mdinare

afxazeTSi), moqvi (sofeli da mdinare afxazeTSi), sufsa (so-

feli da mdinare guriaSi), aWyva (sofeli da mdinare aWaraSi)

da sxv.

aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac mdinaris saxelwodeba ukavSir-

deba im soflis saxels, sadac igi saTaves iRebs. magaliTad,

xekorZula, lexura (<rexula), suramula, rikoTula, gujaru-

la, borjomula, kacxura, jurWula (<jruWula), xeledula, sa-

kaura, Rarula...

mejuda xmovanfuZiani sakuTari saxelia, romelic fuZek-

vecad saxelTa klass ganekuTvneba. tatpuruSas tipis qarTul

toponimebSi gansazRvrebiTi nawili naTesaobiT brunvaSi dgas

da gamocems amosavali saxelwodebis kuTvnilebas. magaliTad,

bodbisxevi (siRnaRi), maRaroskari (duSeTi), aWyvisTavi (qobu-

leTi), beWaTumani (<beJaTubani) (xaragauli), TxilTawyaro

(Terjola), dolisyana (arTvini, TurqeTi), cixisZiri (qobule-

Ti, mcxeTa), cixisjvari (borjomi), abasTumani (<abasTubani)

(adigeni)... aseTive agebulebisaa zogierTi hidronimuli erTe-

uli, magaliTad, avanisxevi, Soroxevi, patarZeulisxevi, Wera-

Txevi... cxeniswyali, gubiswyali, yoroliswyali, xobiswyali...

34

soflis saxelwodeba (mejvrisxevi), vfiqrobT, momdinareobs

formidan m e j u d i s x e v i. varaudi d>r fonetikuri

istoriuli gardaqmnisa gamiCina monaTesave iberiul-kavkasiur

enaTa tipologiurma analogiam, sadac msgavsi procesi maRali

sixSiriT xdeba Tabasaranul enaSi: I klasis prefiqsi d- dia-

leqtebsa Tu TqmebSi r-sa da Á-s saxiT gvxvdeba. aseTive pro-

cesi vlindeba sxva daRestnur enebSi (ruTulurSi, lakurSi,

darguulSi...).fuZe mejuda damoukidebeli brunebisas xmovan-

fuZianobas inarCunebs, xolo rTuli fuZis SedgenilobaSi

rodesac gvxvdeba, kumSvad-kvecadi xdeba da u umarcvlo …-d

gardaiqmneba (u>…) iseve, rogorc es axasiaTebs o-s kumSvas

rogorc Zvel, ise axal qarTulSi:

nigozi _ niguz-is-(a) || nigvz-is-(a)

mindori _ mindur-is-(a) || mindvr-is-(a).

m a k a l a b a r t y a v a (enaTmecnierebis instituti)

imerizmebi d. kldiaSvilis SemoqmedebaSi

Taviseburi da nairgvaria d. kldiaSvilis mxatvruli pro-

za _ realisturi istorizmis principebiT warmoCenili, tra-

gikul-komikuri situaciebiT aRbeWdili, gaRatakebuli aznau-

ris tkiviliT sulCadgmuli, imerizmebiT gajerebuli.

imeruli dialeqtisTvis damaxasiaTebeli formebiT das-

turdeba: arsebiTi saxelebi (`ise daglaxakebuli ki ara var,

zogierTi aznouSvili rom ginaxavs~; `bovSvic tiris da ixve-

weba, saswavleblidan ar gamomiyvanoTo~...), zedsarTavi saxe-

lebi (`ki batono, oRond ki inebebdeT da saxelic Tqvenia da

yvelaferi aqouri~; `iqouri ambavia~...), mimReobebi (`ase mas-

xrobaSi unda gaataro, Se douwynarebelo, Seni wuTisofe-

li?~; `daRalulia, Svilo, daRaluli! iZinos, iZinos venacva-

le!~...), nacvalsaxelebi (`arc ifiqroT, rom CemgniT Tqven,

35

rame danaklisi ki ara, ubralo wyenac SegxvdeT~; `cota ra-

cxa-racxazed yurs mainc gigdebs~...),zmnebi (`deeRupa magas

ojaxi~; `me TviTon ageraa gadvirevi... ra ambavia es Cvens

Tavze~; `meicadeT, meicadeT! gaCerdiT...~; `platon, sityvas

gaZlev... rogorc eviReb samaSvlos, imwamsve SenTan gamovwev~;

guli geimagre, guli...~; `...da Tu am erT kviraSi ver mourig-

debian, sxva qals naTxova Turme~...), zmnisarTebi (`aqanai, Svi-

lo, Wurebi gvaqvs~; `sacxa CeiCexeba axla is ubeduri~; `rava

udanod gamomWra yeli mamaCemma~; `cota kidev momiTmine da

TelaT dagibruneb im Sens fuls~...), kavSirebi (`ade, ade,

ymawvilo... wavideT, Tvara gaSuadRevda, es aris~; `lamazi ad-

gilebi kia, Cemo batono, mara misgan guldawyvetilebi gaxla-

varT~...).

sainteresoa, rom arcTu iSviaTad ama Tu im epizodSi

gvxvdeba erTi da imave sityvis rogorc marTebuli, ise dia-

leqturi variantebi (`rac Sen Cemi siyvaruli gqonda, ase

uceb rava damekargeba, rogor devijero?!~), rac, erTi Sexed-

viT, mocemuli leqsikuri erTeulis gameorebis Tavidan asaci-

leblad unda iyos moxmobili, Tumca sxva SemTxvevaSi mwerali

ar erideba sityvaTa gameorebas (`ase umniSvnelod rava iqneba,

rava xdeba es ambavi?!~).

d. kldiaSvilis SemoqmedebaSi imerizmebi erTgvar sti-

listikur maxasiaTeblebad gvevlineba.

n a n a lol a Z e (enaTmecnierebis instituti) sivrculi lokalizaciis zmnebi qarTuli enis dialeqtebSi (semantikuri analizi)

sivrculi lokalizaciis zmnebi qarTulSi uZvelesi

formaciis zmnebia, romelTac, erTi mxriv, SeinarCunes garkve-

uli arqauloba _ monacvleoba ricxvis, gvaris, dro-kiloTa

36

mixedviT; meore mxriv, ganicades mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi,

rac sagulisxmoa rogorc am zmnaTa Seswavlis, ise enis ten-

denciebis TvalsazrisiT.

am zmnebis mniSvnelovani funqciuri maxasiaTebelia arse-

boba-myofobisa da kuTvnilebis semantikiT gamoyeneba. arsebo-

bis, kuTvnilebisa da sivrculi lokalizaciis semantikuri ka-

tegoriebis kavSiri erTmaneTisagan imdenad gansxvavebul enebSi

dasturdeba, rom zogierTi avtori mas enobriv universalia-

dac ki miiCnevs (j. laionzi).

arsebobis semantikis erT-erTi ZiriTadi komponentia sa-

gnis mdebareoba-myofobis aRniSvna, misi sivrculi lokaliza-

cia. amdenad, bunebrivia arsebobisa (aris) da sivrculi loka-

lizaciis predikatTa (dgas., wevs, Zevs/devs da zis) urTi-

erTTavsebadoba.

mdebareobis zmnebis erT-erT mniSvnelobad arseboba-myo-

foba gamoyofilia qarTuli enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi. ki-

dev ufro farTod gamoiyeneba es zmnebi arseboba-myofobisa

da kuTvnilebis semantikiT Zvel qarTulSi.

aris, imyofeba, mdebareobs am zmnaTa erT-erTi mniSvne-

lobaa dialeqtebSic. gansakuTrebul yuradRebas iqcevs dgas

zmna ingilourSi, sadac, rogorc Cans, am zmnis gamoyenebis

areali kidev ufro gafarTovda, da sakuTriv mdebareobis

garda, zogadad arseboba-myofobis aRsaniSnavadac gamoiyeneba,

rac sxva dialeqtebisaTvis ucxoa. mag.:

or qalisÁí_ erTi mokdo, erTi dgas. me gazardela Cem

deda damxmarebian, sxogni aimanac ar, igre. (ingilouri / alia-

baduri)1

mazlis coleb ar. mazlis coleb, i minadora dgas erJe,

isen daჴocnen daa. (ingilouri / kakuri)

bunebrivia, mdebareobis zmnebi did siaxloves gviCvenebs

arseboba-kuTvnilebis zmnebTan sxva qarTvelur enebSic. am kon-

1 masala damowmebulia qarTuli enis dialeqtebis

eleqtronuli korpusidan.

37

struqciebs Soris qarTulis msgavsi mimarTebaa, Tumca sagu-

lisxmo gansxvavebebic dasturdeba.

ro m a n lolu a (enaTmecnierebis instituti)

mosazreba kavkasiis albanelTa enobrivi da dialeqturi Sedgenilobis Sesaxeb

albanologiaSi dRemde aqtualuria antikuri xanisa da ad-

reuli Suasaukuneebis kavkasiis albaneTis mosaxleobis eTnikuri

Sedgenilobis sakiTxi. kavkasiis albanuris epigrafikuli da xel-

naweri Zeglebis aRmoCenis miuxedavad, samecniero mimoqcevidan

ar gamqrala sxvadasxva hipoTeza, romelic uaryofs albanur-

udiur naTesaobas da kavkasiis albanelTa alTaur an iranul

warmomavlobas uWers mxars, anda maT kavkasions gadaRma mcxovreb

ama Tu im naxur Tu daRestnur eTnikur jgufs ukavSirebs.

samecniero literaturaSi agreTve gavrcelebulia mo-

sazreba kavkasiis albaneTis mosaxleobis polieTnikurobis Se-

saxeb, romelic didwilad strabonis cnobas eyrdnoba alba-

nelTa Soris gavrcelebuli 26 `enis~ (γλ�τται) Sesaxeb; ase, ma-

galiTad, azerbaijaneli mkvlevris g. heibulaevis koncefciiT,

kavkasiis albaneTis mosaxleoba alTauri (Turquli), `kavkasiu-

ri~ (resp. iberiul-kavkasiuri) da iranuli tomebisagan Sedge-

boda da maTgan alTauri tomebi Warbobdnen. rogorc mkvleva-

ri miiCnevs, Turqulenovani tomebi samxreT kavkasiis aRmosav-

leT nawilSi jer kidev kavkasiis albaneTisa da atropatenas

uZveles saxelmwifoTa warmoqmnamde dasaxldnen. kavkasiis al-

baneTSi alTaur tomTa Soris mkvlevari asaxelebs sak. alba-

nebs, gargarebs, wavdeebs, sakebs, aranebs, paWanikebs, hunebs, sa-

varebs, dondarebs, suranebs (Sarvanebs), iJmaqebs (Semaqebs) da

sxv., iranul tomTa Soris _ gelebs, masquTebs, parnebs, mihra-

38

nebs da sxv., xolo iberiul-kavkasiur tomTa Soris _ utiebs,

lbinebs, herebs, legebs da sxv. aRsaniSnavia, rom saeWvoa ara

mxolod kavkasiis albaneTis mosaxle tomebis amdagvari dayofa

(mkvlevris daskvnebi efuZneba mxolod tomobriv saxelTa eti-

mologiur analizs), aramed zogierTi tomis lokalizacia kav-

kasiis albaneTis teritoriaze.

Cveni azriT, kavkasiis albaneTis mosaxleoba eTnikurad

erTgvarovani unda yofiliyo. aRsaniSnavia, rom strabonis mi-

er gamoyenebuli termini (γλ�τται) nebismieri saxis idioms aR-

niSnavs (enas, dialeqts, kilokavs). amasTanave, straboni aRniS-

navs, rom imis gamo, rom kavkasiis albaneTSi gavrcelebulia

26 `γλ�τται~, gaZnelebulia albanelTa urTierToba erTmaneT-

Tan. es cnoba, Cveni azriT, imis maniSnebelia, rom saqme mainc

dialeqtebTan unda gvqonoda da ara enebTan. winaaRmdeg Se-

mTxvevaSi, sxvadasxva enebze molaparake albanelTa urTierTga-

geba SeuZlebeli iqneboda. Tavis mxriv, safiqrebelia, rom

strabonis mier dasaxelebul dialeqtTa ricxvi (26) gadaWar-

bebulia, iseve rogorc, magaliTad, cnoba imis Sesaxeb rom di-

oskuriasTan Tavs iyris 70 `enaze~ molaparake xalxTa warmo-

madgenlebi, anda is, rom soanebs (svanebs) 200000 kaciani laS-

qris gamoyvana SeeZloT.

Cveni azriT, realobis amsaxvelia mose kalankatuelis

cnobebi, romelic albanelTa oTx tomze mogviTxrobs _ gar-

garTa, utielTa, wavdeelTa da gardmanelTa. rac Seexeba kavka-

siis albanuri enis sayrden dialeqts, vfiqrobT, kavkasiis al-

banuri xelnaweri Zeglebi (palimfsestebi sinas mTidan) Sesru-

lebulia gargarul dialeqtze. am mosazrebis damadasturebe-

li istoriuli wyaroebi da lingvisturi monacemebi warmo-

dgenili iqneba moxsenebaSi.

39

T a m a r l o m T a Z e (quTaisis universiteti) sintaqsuri TaviseburebebisaTvis qarTvel ebraelebTan

sintaqsi swored is nawilia enisa, sadac yvelaze didi

gansxvavebaa werilobiT formebsa da zepirmetyvelebas Soris.

ebraelTa metyvelebaze dakvirvebam daadastura, rom eb-

raelebi ZiriTadad im dialeqtisaTvis damaxasiaTebel sintaq-

sur konstruqciebs iyeneben, romeli dialeqtis warmomadgen-

lebic arian. anu sintaqsuri wyobiT ebraelTa konstruqciebi

sxva qarTvelTagan TiTqmis ar ganirCeva.

gansxvaveba gansakuTrebiT sagrZnobia TxrobiTi da ki-

TxviTi winadadebebis warmoTqmisas. qarTulSi TxrobiTi wi-

nadadeba intonaciurad damavalia da sruldeba wertiliT. eb-

raelebTan ki _ is ufro amavali intonaciiT xasiaTdeba.

aseve kiTxviTi winadadeba, romelic saliteraturo qar-

TulSi amavali intonaciiT xasiaTdeba, ebraelebTan intonaci-

urad gansxvavebulia. maTTan, garda intonaciuri amaRlebisa,

grZeldeba pirveli an meore marcvlis xmovanic.

aRsaniSnavia, rom yvela Taobis, nebismieri socialuri

statusis ebraeli ZiriTadad iyenebs martiv winadadebebs.

rTuli winadadebebidan umetesad Tanwyoba an qvewyobaa. zer-

Tuli konstruqciebi TiTqmis ar gvxvdeba.

radgan zepiri metyveleba umetesad daugegmavi da situa-

ciuria, xSiria usruli winadadebebis, gameorebebis da elif-

sisis gamoyenebis SemTxvevebi.

zogjer winadadeba iwyeba romelime nawilakiT, rac bu-

nebriobis damaxasiaTebeli niSania.

dasturdeba ricxvSi SeuTanxmeblobis SemTxvevebi: maga-

liTad, saliteraturo normebis mixedviT, Tu msazRvrelad

gamoyenebulia yvela, bevri da a. S. ganusazRvreli nacvalsaxe-

li Tu ricxviTi saxeli, masTan sazRvruli mxolobiT ri-

cxvSia. ebraelebTan, umetes SemTxvevaSi sazRvruli mravlo-

40

biTSia, magaliTad: ebraeloba mcxeTidan Camoviden saqarTve-

loSi, mcxeTidan ganawilden saqarTvelos yvela teritorieb-

ze.

ricxvTan erTad, SeiZleba zogjer msazRvrel-sazRvrulis

SeTanxmebac iyos darRveuli.

qarTulSi qvemdebaresa da damateba-obieqtebTan sintaq-

suri urTierTobisaTvis mniSvnelovania zmnis pirisa da ri-

cxvis kategoriebi. Semasmeneli mxolobiTSi dasmul qvemdeba-

resTan sazogadod mxolobiTSi dgas. ebraelebTan gvxvdeba da-

rRvevebi da mxolobiTSi dasmul qvemdebaresTan Semasmeneli

mravlobiTSia. rac Seexeba krebiT saxelebTan Semasmenlis

mravlobiTis formis gamoyenebas, es bevr dialeqtSi dastur-

deba.

zogjer damatebis mravlobiToba iwvevs Semasmenlis mrav-

lobiT formaSi Cayenebas im SemTxvevaSi, roca saliteraturo

wesebis mixedviT mxolobiTia mosalodneli, mag., mokaliTeve

bovSebi SimSiliT. SesaZlebelia pirdapiri obieqtis mravlo-

biT formaSi SeTanxmebisaTvis zmnaSi -ve nawilakis gamoyeneba

qarTvel ebraelTa erT-erT ZiriTad damaxasiaTebel niSnad mi-

viCnioT.

kavSiri rom da nawilaki xom xSirad -m mokvecili saxiT

gvxvdeba. aseve magram, ufro xSirad mara formiTaa dadastu-

rebuli.

dalocvis formebi xSirad CarTuli saxiTaa winadadebeb-

Si rogorc qalebTan, aseve mamakacebTan, xolo wyevlis forme-

bi umetesad rTuli konstruqciebiTaa gadmocemuli.

41

q e T e v a n m a r g i a n i (soxumis universiteti)

dalis (kodoris) xeobis ramdenime soflis mikrotoponimia (struqtura, semantika, etimologia)

dalis xeoba istoriuli mxarea dasavleT saqarTveloSi,

afxazeTSi. am mxares antikur epoqaSi mivsianeTi anu misimia-

neTi ewodeboda, Sua saukuneebSi _ dalis xeoba, XIX saukune-

Si _ webelda-dalis saboqaulo, sabWoTa epoqaSi _ afxaze-

Tis svaneTi, XXI saukuneSi _ zemo afxazeTi. saxelwodebaTa

aseTi mravalferovneba, vfiqrobT, TavisTavad mianiSnebs saqar-

Tvelos istoriaSi am xeobis gansakuTrebul rolsa da mniSvne-

lobaze. svaneTis, svanebisa da uSualo garemocvis mezobelTa-

Tvis ki kodoris xeoba odiTganve iyo da aris dali (svanuri

warmoTqmiT dðl) _ nadirobis qalRmerTis sabrZanebeli da

dalelTa istoriuli samkvidrebeli.

uaRresad xelsayreli geografiuli mdebareobiT _

qluxoris, maruxis, gondoras, naharvis... uReltexilebiT da-

lis xeoba aris dasavleT saqarTvelos zRvispira regionis

CrdiloeT kavkasiasTan damakavSirebeli umoklesi gza, rac am

xeobas yovel istoriul epoqaSi gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas

da strategiul funqcias akisrebda, sZenda. swored am faqto-

rebis gamo kodoris xeobam 1993-2008 wlebSi moirgo statusi

afxazeTis `oqros gasaRebisa~.

zogadad dalis xeobis toponimiis upirvelesi maxasiaTe-

beli aris enobrivi siWrele, mravalferovneba, saxeldebis

sruliad gansxvavebuli asaki da qronologia, sxvadasxva enob-

rivi warmomavloba. svanuria, ZiriTadad, soflebisa da uRel-

texilebis saxelwodebani, mTeli mikrotoponimia, drimonimebi,

hidronimTa umetesoba, agreTve werilobiTi (berZnuli) wyaro-

ebiT fiqsirebuli geografiuli saxelebi; afxazuria araerTi

soflis, mdinaris, mTisa da sazafxulo saZovris/ialaRis saxe-

li; mxolod erTeulebis saxiTRa aris warmodgenili megruli,

42

rusuli... gaurkveveli etimologiis toponimebi.

rogorc am xeobis mkvidri, 1990-2008 wlebSi sakuTari

surviliT da saxsrebiT vaxorcielebdiT dalis xeobis topo-

nimikuri, folkloruli, eTnolingvisturi masalis Caweras,

ramdenadac politikuri viTarebidan gamomdinare TiTqmis aTe-

uli wlebis ganmavlobaSi ver xerxdeboda Tsu-s toponimikis

laboratoriis samecniero mivlineba kodoris xeobaSi, zoga-

dad, afxazeTSi. 2008 wlis agvistos tragikuli movlenebis

Sedegad, samwuxarod, dalis xeobis dedasamSoblosgan droe-

biT mokveTis Semdgom am masalis mniSvneloba, vfiqrobT, uda-

vod gaizarda.

publikaciaSi warmodgenilia kodoris xeobis dasalie-

ris, kluxoris uReltexilis mimdebare soflebis _ (omariSa-

la, gvandra, xutia) mikrotoponimia.

struqtura: aRnagobis TvalsazrisiT mikrotoponimebis

dajgufeba da klasifikacia SesaZlebelia mawarmoebeli afiqse-

bis mixedviT. morfemebad da topoformantebad warmodgeni-

lia: -ðr/-ðl; la-/le-; -er/-el; -il; -éld; -ló d; -ul; -ld; -ol; na-æ; na-æ-ðr...

-ðr//-ðl: huldm-ðr < huldum `urduli~ mdinaris cica-

bokalapotiani zolisa da misi Semogarenis saxelia qluxoris

uReltexilisaken mimaval gzaze, sadac kldeebi TiTqos urdu-

liviT ketaven mTis boboqar, CanCqerebad momaval mdinares...

CiCxuld-ðr < CiCxæ-éld _ adgilis, Wiuxis saxelia aWafaraSi

(klde, sadac Sxefebad modis da mowanwkarebs CanCqeri da myin-

varebis nadnob-naJuri wyali, laSdRæi-ðr `samarxebi~ < li-

SdRæi `damarxva~, kalpt-ðr, murymì l-ðr < muryvam `koSki~,

biquld-ðr < biqæ `qari~, bani-ðl, nðlgimêlæ-ðr < li-gem

`Seneba~, qæð bil-ðr < qæðb `gamoqvabuli~, nayaræ-ðl < yór

`yavari~, naqCæ-ðr <li-qCe `Wra, moWra~, aslan-ð r, vagon-ðr,

lasflav-ól, Sdix-ðr, nak-ðr < nak `vake~, zagr-ðl < zagðr

`maRlobi, zegani~, gak-ðr < gak `nigozi~, leqor-ðl < le-qæër

`wisqvili~, nðmtyæifæ-ð r, sarg-ðl < sarag `wyaro~, tob-ðr

< tob /tomb `tba~, lasTæi-ðr, lðciqæar-êl, laxnisg-ðr <

43

xénsga `naxevari~, kojol-ðr < koj `klde~, tubral-ðr < tvib-

ra `Rele, nakaduli~, legrov-ðl < gorev `qva–RorRi~, lan-

kel-ól < li-nkële `momwyvdeva~, lðgiwal-ðr < li-giwól `qa-

naoba~, nakéld-ðr < nak `vake~, wédéld-ðr, tubr-ól, mol-ðr,

nakrav-ðl < karðv `karavi~, laxerxal-ðr, tíbol-ðr, kibéld-ðr, bðÎrax-ðl, letlefi-ðr, dab-ðr, lajrebi-ðl, laCxt-ór, lawreqæi-ðl < wereqæ `Tomi~, sgim-ðr//sgém-ðr < sgim `veZa/mJa-

ve wyali~, licéld-ðr < lic `wyali~, Caâæ-ðr, yaf-ðr... am

jgufis toponimebs, bunebrivia, ar aqvT mravlobiTis Sinaarsi,

aramed adgilis moculobaze, mis sidideze, sivrciT ganfeni-

lobaze miuTiTeben. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom svanurSi mravlobi-

Ti ricxvis sxvadasxva mawarmoebelTagan topoformantebad mxo-

lod -ðr//-ðl sufiqsi gvevlineba. la–/le–: la-ysér, la-ríka, la-SdRæiðr, lð-Sæmìna,

la-ganWæ, la-ciqæarêl, la-manCu, la-nësgir, lð-Cxtðr, la-jmun ól, la-xerxa, la-jreb, la-drel ...

kninobiTis sufiqsebiT nawarmoebi toponimebia: zug-lód, zagr-éld, nðlzigæ-ul, biqu-ld-ð r, kib-é ld-ð r, murym-il-ð r... am jgufis toponimebi mcire geografiuli are-

alis gamomxatvelni arian. ramdenime formantiT markirebuli

geografiuli saxelebia: nð-l-gim-al-æ-ðr < li-l-gim-ól `Se-

neba~, na-yar-æ-ðl <yór `yavari~, na-dauS-u-ðr < li–dêæS–e

`daRupva~ ...

semantika: Sinaarsobrivi TvalsazrisiT soflebis (oma-

riSala, gvandra, xutia) mikrotoponimiaSi gvxvdeba Teonimebi,

religiuri leqsika, hidronimebi, botanonimebi, nadirobasTan

dakavSirebuli geografiuli saxelebi, socialuri xasiaTis

toponimebi, landSaftis, bunebrivi garemos amsaxveli leqseme-

bi:

nalâæam `naeklesiari~ < laâæmi `eklesia~ (Sdr. svan.

maâæêm `madloba~, e.i. laâæmi/laâæóm sityvasityviT niSnavs `sa-

madlo, samadliero~), jgéróg SiyriS `Siyeris wminda giorgi~,

dalia kojar `dalis kldeebi~, âaldëSre lðkæcìr `xaldevel-

Ta sajixve~, letlëfiðr < telëfi `mTis Rolo~, laganWæ Rðr

`anwlis/saanwle xevi~, lenzi sgim `fiWvis mJave wyali~,

44

lðSkdðSi nagðm `samWedlos danadgami~, zanre nakrav `megrele-

bis karvis danadgami~, murymilar _ kldis saxelia aWafaraSi,

(< muryvam `koSki~), baCð bog `qvis xidi~, maklaTxe zagar

`umaRlesi zegani, mwvervali~, meSxe tæibra `Savi Rele~, ial-

cunesga < Îðræ-lic-nësga `or-wyal-Sua~, emzó lðkæcìr `em-

zas sajixve~, faCa Rar `cacxvis xevi~, berolre nalzigæ `bere-

bis namosaxlari~, Sdaælare larda `mercxlebis samyofi/sa-

mercxle~...

kodoris xeobis geografiul saxelTa da zogadad, svanu-

ri toponimiis kvleva iZleva uaRresad saintereso daskvnebis

gakeTebis SesaZleblobas _ iqneba es etimologiuri, struqtu-

ruli Tu leqsikur-semantikuri aspeqtebi.

q e T e v a n m a r g i a n i - s u b a r i (enaTmecnierebis instituti)

evidencialobis kategoriis avTenturobisaTvis qarTvelur enebSi

evidencialoba aris kategoria, romelic gulisxmobs

teqstiT gadmocemuli informaciis wyaroze miTiTebas. infor-

maciis wyaro mTqmelisTvis SeiZleba iyos a) sxva pirisgan mi-

Rebuli informacia (verbaloba, citacia) an b) winaswari Wvre-

ta, sakuTari gamocdileba Tu varaudi (inferencia).

evidencialobis kategoria gansakuTrebuli yuradRebisa

da safuZvliani Seswavlis obieqti gaxda ukanaskneli naxevari

saukunis manZilze; masStaburi kvlevis Sedegad es kategoria

dadasturda mraval gansxvavebuli struqturis mqone enaSi.

kerZod, a. i. aixenvaldis naSromSi (Aikhenvald, Evidentiality, 2004)

gamoyenebulia 500-ze meti enis gramatikuli aRwerilobis mo-

nacemebi: bulgaruli, makedoniuri, albanuri, somxuri, Turqu-

li, sparsuli, tajikuri da kavkasiuri: qarTuli, svanuri, ar-

45

Cibuli, lakuri, bagvaluri...

evidencialoba qarTvelur enebSi gramatikuli kategori-

aa. am enebSi saanalizo kategoriis warmoSobis Sesaxeb saerTa-

Soriso lingvistikaSi arsebobs sapirispiro mosazrebebi:

enaTmecnierTa nawili (D. Slobin, A. Aksu, Tense, aspect and modality

in the use of the Turkish evidential, 1982) mas Turqulis gavlenas mia-

wers; sxvani saubroben Camoyalibebis originalur formazec,

Tumca sawyis fazad sxva enis gavlenasac ar gamoricxaven, rad-

gan, maTi azriT, es kategoria Zvel qarTulSi ar dasturdeba.

udamwerlobo qarTveluri enebis Sesaxeb ki specialur lite-

raturaSi vkiTxulobT: `svanuri yovelTvis Zlier Sors iyo

osmalTa Turquli batonobisgan, magram misi evidencialuri

formebi SesaZloa ganapiroba mezobel megrulze momxdarma ga-

vlenam... anu: Tu megrulis evidencialuri sistema nawilobriv

Turqulis gavlenis Sedegia, igi SesaZloa svanurisTvis Suama-

vali modeli yofiliyo~ (W. Boeder, Evidentiality in Georgia, 2000).

saqme is aris, rom zmnur evidencialobas qarTvelur

enebSi ucxoeli specialistebi yovelTvis ganixilaven mxolod

e. w. `unaxaobis~ gamomxatveli mwkrivebis _ TurmeobiTebis mi-

xedviT.

asec rom iyos, zmnebSi `unaxaoba~ faqtobrivad Zvel

qarTulSivea dadasturebuli (`...Seni adgili dagitevebies da

sxuad wasrul xar~ _ `SuSanikis wameba~; `saxlisa Cuenisa me-

WurWle qali iyo... da mamasa grigols aqa wamouyvanebia~ _

`grigol xanZTelis cxovreba~), Turqulis gavlenis SesaZleb-

loba ki, istoriis gaTvaliswinebiT, mxolod XI saukunidan iq-

neboda mosalodneli.

amasTan, Turqulis gavlenis SemTxvevaSi gansakuTrebu-li viTareba evidencialobis mxriv pirvel rigSi swored tao-klarjulSi unda SeiniSnebodes, rac teqstebze (SuSana

futkaraZe, `Cveneburebis qarTuli~, 1993) dakvirvebam ar daa-

dastura _ aq sakvlevi mimarTulebiT saliteraturo qarTu-

lisa da danarCeni dialeqtebis identuri viTarebaa; udamwer-

lobo enebSi ki saanalizo kategoria gacilebiT Sorsaa wasu-

46

li da imdenad ganviTarebuli, rom organuli warmoeba da mo-

rfemac ki gamoumuSavebia, rac, rasakvirvelia, am kategoriis

uZvelesi enobrivi plastebidan momdinareobis dasturia. am

enebSi saliteraturo enisgan gansxvavebuli, araperfeqtuli

evidencialuri, sakuTriv inferenciuli mwkrivebic dasturde-

ba; isini gamoxataven saeWvooba-savaraudoobas informaciisa,

romelic verbalur wyaros ki ara, mTqmelis gamocdilebas, va-

rauds, logikas, anu inferenciul wyaros emyareba. megrulsa

da WanurSi es zmnebi -ko{n} nawilaks dairTaven (megr. bzimun-

di-ko(n), Wan. bzumumti-kon `me rom vzomavdi, me rom mezoma~

_ I pirobiTi), svanurSi ki specialur morfemas (un), rome-

lic saerToa unaxaobis aRmniSvnel morfemasTan (Sdr. I Tur-

meobiTi: xegm-un-a `Turme uSenebda~ _ SesaZleblobis awmyo:

xegm-un-i `albaT uSenebs~ _ pirobiTusruli: xegm-un-ol

`albaT uSenebda~...).

zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, vaskvniT:

a) evidencialoba saliteraturo qarTulSi im periodidan

dasturdeba, roca Turqulis gavlenaze saubari SeuZlebelia.

b) qarTvelur udamwerlobo enebSi, romlebic zogadad

SedarebiT Tavisuflad viTardebian normatiuli SezRud-

vis ararsebobis gamo, saanalizo kategoria ufro Sors

wavida: aq specialuri evidencialuri mwkrivebi da mo-

rfemac ki gaCnda, romlebic opoziacias qmnian araeviden-

cialur mwkrivebTan saeWvooba-savaraudobis mxriv. evidencialoba erTgvari universaliaa da TiTqmis yvela

enaSi iZebneba aRweriTad Tu gramatikulad, magram morfemis

doneze misi Camoyalibeba SedarebiT iSviaTi movlenaa, miT uf-

ro, roca evidencialobis orive ZiriTadi saxeoba (verba-

luri da inferencialuri) erTiandeba erT morfemaSi. es ki

kategoriis adreul warmoSobaze metyvelebs.

kvlevis Sedegebi uflebas gvaZlevs vamtkicoT evidencia-

lobis adgilobrivi warmomavloba qarTvelur enebSi: migvaCnia,

rom aq evidencialobis Camoyalibeba aixsneba ara sxva enis ga-

vleniT, aramed enis ganviTarebis Sinagani tendenciebiT.

47

n u g z a r m g e l a Z e (baTumis universiteti)

svanuri `lamxub~ (socialuri interpretacia)

svaneTis, gansakuTrebiT balszemo svaneTis istoriuli

Temebi saqarTveloSi dResac uZvelesi kavkasiuri kulturuli

memkvidreobis mcvelia, lingvisturi da eTnografiuli labo-

ratoriaa imaTvis, vinc eTnolingvistikisa Tu sociolingvis-

tikis, materialuri faseulobebis, sameurneo yofisa da reli-

giuri rwmena-warmodgenebis sferoSi arqetipebis aRdgeniTaa

dainteresebuli. es umTavresad tradiciul socialur urTi-

erTobaTa sistemaze iTqmis, romlis Seswavla erTob rTulia

misi aramaterializebuli mdgomareobis gamo. savele pirobeb-

Sic specifikuri meToduri da meTodologiuri midgomis ga-

reSe socialuri movlenebis vizualurad aRqma TiTqos SeuZ-

lebelicaa, radgan Zveli _ stereotipuli Rirebulebebi mo-

dernizebuli da transformirebuli saxiT gadaxlarTuli da

adaptirebulia Tanamedrove ganviTarebadi da cvladi sazoga-

doebis axal miswrafebebTan. adre svanur sazogadoebriv ur-

TierTobaTa sferoSi saintereso socialur instituts lam-

xub-i warmoadgenda. igi TanamedroveobaSi Semonaxulobis

TvalsazrisiTac sayuradReboa.

svaneTis tradiciul TemebSi lamxub-s saZmos uwodeben.

termini lamxub Cveulebrivi sityva araa, radgan sakmaod arqa-

uli socialuri mniSvnelobiTaa markirebuli. igi iseT socia-

lur organizacias _ naTesaur jgufs aRniSnavda, romlis wev-

rebic warsulSi erTmaneTTan rigi saklasifikacio niSniT iy-

vnen dakavSirebulni. lamxub samecniero literaturaSi pat-

ronimiuli gaerTianebis Sesatyvis cnebadaa miCneuli.

is tipologiuri niSnebi (teritoriuli da sameurneo

erToba...) romlebic specialistebis mier patronimiuli orga-

nizaciis, amdenad, lamxub-is dasaxasiaTeblad iyo gamoyofili,

vfiqrobT, dazustebas saWiroebs. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT soci-

umSi sazogadoebrivi jgufebis tipologiuri mravalferovnebis

48

faqts, maSin davinaxavT, rom lamxub-is esa Tu is maxasiaTebe-

li niSani lamxub-Tan axlos mdgom, masTan gadaxlarTul od-

nav gansxvavebuli tipis socialur gaerTianebas ganekuTvnebo-

da. magaliTad, aviRoT `teritoriuli erToba~. miiCneva, rom

`teritoriuli erToba~ patronimiis, Sesabamisad, lamxubi-s

erT-erTi damaxasiaTebeli niSan-Tviseba iyo, magram problemis

arss ufro Rrmad Tu CavukvirdebiT, davinaxavT, rom es sul

ase ar unda iyos, radgan teritoriuli erToba lokaluri

jgufis Tviseba ufro iyo, vidre patronimiis _ naTesauri da-

jgufebis. naTesavs SeeZlo mowyvetoda jgufs da sxva terito-

riaze, sxva naTesauri gaerTianebis farglebSi ecxovra, maSin,

roca lokaluri gaerTianebis wevrebi mudmivad lokalurobis

farglebSi rCebodnen.amdenad, teritoriuli erToba damaxasia-

Tebeli iyo lokaluri da ara naTesauri jgufisaTvis, miuxeda-

vad imisa, rom arsebobda lokalizebuli naTesauri jgufic,

magram SesaZlebelia swored lokalizebul gaerTianebas mo-

wyvetoda naTesavi an genealogiuri segmenti da sxvagan dasax-

lebuliyo. am tipis msjeloba SesaZlebelia ganvaviTaroT Tem-

Tan _ lamxub-is wevrTa TiTqosda sameurneo erTobis _ same-

urneo interesebis TanxvedrilobasTan, socialur organizaci-

aSi colisa da qmris genealogiur kuTvnilebasa da, Sesabami-

sad, egzogamiis mniSvnelobebTan mimarTebaSic.

ras niSnavs socialuri TvalsazrisiT lamxub da ra ad-

gili ukavia mas iseTi naTesauri gaerTianebebis gverdiT, rom-

lebic saqarTvelos sxvadasxva istoriul-eTnografiul kuTxe-

Si aRiniSnebian terminebiT saZmo (// moZmeoba) da biZaSvilo-

ba, babuiSviloba da mamaSviloba (//mamiSviloba)...? bunebri-

via, tradiciuli sazogadoebebis socialuri garemodan msgavsi

cnebebi SemTxveviT ar aRmocendeboda. maT, erT SemTxvevaSi,

safuZvlad udevT sityvebi `Zma~ da `biZaSvili~, xolo, meore

SemTxvevaSi, `babua~ da `mama~. am terminebiT gamoxatuli soci-

aluri jgufebi sazogadoebriv dinamikaSi qronologiur _

stadiur Tanmimdevrobas asaxavs Tu aq socialuri formebis

nairsaxeobebTan gvaqvs saqme? yvela SemTxvevaSi,svaneTSi, tra-

49

diciul socialur organizaciaTa klasifikaciaSi, naTesauri

gaerTianebis saintereso formada sturdeba. garkveuli maxasi-

aTeblebiT svanuri lamxub-i, rogorc socialuri arqetipi,

warsulSi saqarTvelos maRalmTianeTSi mcxovrebi Cveni winap-

rebis socialuri cxovrebis rekonstruqciis mniSvnelovan is-

toriul wyaros warmoadgens.

m e d e a m e q v a b i S v il i (Tbilisis sax. universiteti)

jumaTis toponimikisTvis

sofeli jumaTi guriaSi, ozurgeTis raionSi, mdinare

sufsis marjvena sanapiroze mdebareobs. sofelSi aris mTava-

rangelozis saxelobis monasteri, romelic adre saganmanaT-

leblo cxovrebis mniSvnelovan keras warmoadgenda. adiSis sa-

xeliT cnobili saxareba erT dros jumaTSi inaxeboda.

rac Seexeba soflis saxelwodebas, a. SaniZem pirvelma mi-

aqcia yuradReba im garemoebas, rom qarTulSi mogvepoveba er-

TaderTi specifikuri toponimikuri mawarmoebeli (e.w. topo-

formanti): `sakuTriv geografiul saxelTa mawarmoeblad moi-

poveba sufiqsi -eT, romlis variantia -aT. es -eT SeiZleba ga-

Zlierebul iqnes daniSnulebis prefiqsiT (sa - eT)~. -aT qar-

Tuli -eT-is megrul-lazuri Sesatyvisia da am toponimSi za-

nizmad warmogvidgeba. fuZea jum-, romelic SesaZloa megruli

`samSabaTis~ saxelwodebaSi gamoyofil juma-s ukavSirdebodes.

(megr. jumaSxa zedmiwevniT `jumas dRe~) an sakuTar saxels

(g. bedoSvili). SesaZloa, igeve jum- gvqondes samegreloSi da-

dasturebul soflis saxelSi _ jumiTi (Cxorowyus raionSi).

sainteresoa mikrotoponebi, romlebic jumaTSi dastur-

deba; SevexebiT ramdenime maTgans:

laSe _ dasaxlebuli ubani, Cavardnil adgils unda niSnav-

des;

50

bogili _ ubani, saxelwodeba unda ukavSirdebodes bo-

ga-s, romelic qegl-is mixedviT `patara xids~ niSnavs; misgan

gveqneba zmna bogav-s `xids akeTebs~, xolo bogili SeiZleba

ganvixiloT rogorc namyo drois saobieqto mimReoba;

mere _ dablobi adgilia, romelsac sayaned iyeneben.

qegl-is mixedviT mere wylis sanapiroze mdebare adgils ewo-

deba (`grigol xanZTelis cxovrebaSi~ mere adgilis saxelia).

k o b a m i T a g v a r i a (enaTmecnierebis instituti)

alersis gamomxatveli Sorisdebulebi megrulsa da svanurSi

Sorisdebuli adamianTa urTierTobis Taviseburi enob-

rivi saSualebaa. misi daniSnulebaa, gamoxatos adamianis

grZnoba-gancdebi, emociebi da neba-survilebi: sixaruli, mwuxa-

reba, dananeba, gakvirveba, mowodeba, alersi da a. S.

saenaTmecniero literaturaSi SorisdebulTa sami Ziri-

Tadi jgufia warmodgenili:

a) emociuri Sorisdebulebi (ama Tu im grZnobis gamo-

Zaxilis gamomxatveli);

b) imperatiuli Sorisdebulebi (moubris neba-survi-

lis amsaxvelebi);

g) Sorisdebulebi, romlebic gamoxataven ficils,

alerss da sxv.

rogorc cnobilia, megruli SorisdebulebiT mdidari

araa, Tumca megrulSi sakmaod gamoiyofa SorisdebulTa is

jgufebi, romlebic gamoxataven emocias, grZnobas, neba-sur-

vils.

amjerad Cveni moxsenebis mizania SorisdebulTa jgufSi

Semavali saalerso sityvebis megr. (quggale `Semogevle~, go-

l(u) oafiro! `Semogevle!~ megr.: skan guriS Wiri `Seni kvne-

51

sa me (zedmiw. _ Seni gulis Wiri!)~ megr. skani Wiri ma~!

`Seni Wiri me~ (Sdr. skani Wiri) megr.: skani Tol sinTe `Seni

Tvalis sinaTle!~ megr.: Tqvan Wir(q) qumaRolu! `Tqveni Wiri-

me!~ (zedmiw. _ Tqveni Wiri damemarTos!)~ megr.: skani birgu-

liSi gol(u)oafiro! `Sens muxlebs Semovevle~, isgu nac@d

mi! `Sen Semogevle!~ svan.: isgu Tx…imJiqaqa luspunu mi! `Sen

Semogevle me!~ svan.: isgu m@zig mi! `Seni Wirime!~ da mrav. sxv.

struqturul-semantikuri analizi megrulsa da svanurSi.

i z o l d a r u s a Z e, e m z a r g o r d a Z e

(quTaisis universiteti)

qarTul kilo-TqmaTa masala rafiel erisTavis `mokle qarTul-rusul-laTinur mcenareTa, cxovelTa da liTonTa samefoebis~ leqsikonSi

rafiel erisTavi _ poeti, eTnografi, folkloristi,

leqsikografi...

naSromSi vaanalizebT rafiel erisTavis leqsikografi-

ul memkvidreobas, romlis gauTvaliswineblad Zalian Zneli

iqneboda XIX saukunis qarTuli leqsikografiis Seswavla. me-

cnierebis es dargi r. erisTavma gaamdidra axali naSromebiT

jer kidev maSin, roca araferi iyo dawerili leqsikonTa saWi-

roebisa da Seqmnis Sesaxeb, roca jer kidev ar idga dRis wes-

rigSi erovnuli terminologiis Seqmnis sakiTxebi.

gansaxilvelad aviReT r. erisTavis 1884 wels gamocemu-

li `mokle qarTul-rusul-laTinuri leqsikoni mcenareTa,

cxovelTa da liTonTa samefoebidgan~, romelic aris 1873

wels gamocemuli wignis `Semoklebuli laTinuri, rusuli da

qarTuli mcenareTa leqsikonis~ Sevsebuli saxiT warmodgeni-

li naSromi. is `dajildoebulia kavkasiis sameurneo sazogado-

ebisagan didis xelTa vercxlis medliT~. 1873 wels gamocemu-

li es leqsikoni aris pirveli botanikis leqsikoni, romelic

52

TbilisSi daibeWda. is samenovania. masSi Setanilia aTasamde

sityva. maT Soris 400-mde ganmartebulia. 600-mde sityvas ki

axlavs miTiTeba, maTi ganmarteba ver SevZelio. es leqsikoni

82 gverdia. is bibliografiuli iSviaTobaa da daculia mxo-

lod respublikur sajaro da iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbi-

lisis saxelmwifo universitetis biblioTekebSi.

1884 wels gamocemuli leqsikoni ki mTlianad 167 gver-

dia. mas aqvs T. rafiel erisTavis _ wignis avtoris winasi-

tyvaoba qarTul da rusul enebze. aq 1800-mde sityvaa warmo-

dgenili. pirveli gamocemisaTvis avtors cxovelTa da liTon-

Ta leqsikuri erTeulebi daumatebia.naSromis 86 gverdze mo-

cemulia 1204 mcenaris saxelwodeba. danarCen gverdebze ki

warmodgenilia 489 cxovelis saxeli da 107 liTonis termini.

mcenareebs, cxovelebsac da liTonebsac cal-calke axlavs saZi-

eblebi. es leqsikoni sainteresoa imiTac, rom aq pirveladaa

warmodgenili qarTul kilo-TqmaTa masala.

leqsikoni daculia saqarTveloSi sajaro da iv. javaxiS-

vilis saxelobis Tbilisis universitetis biblioTekebSi, sa-

qarTvelos muzeumSi, palatasa da zugdidis dadianebis sasax-

lis muzeumis biblioTekaSi.

rafiel erisTavis `mokle qarTul-rusul-laTinuri leq-

sikoni mcenareTa, cxovelTa da liTonTa samefoebidan~ aris

safuZvelTa safuZveli am dargSi akademiurad gamocemuli

leqsikonebisa. aqedan leqsikuri erTeulebi Setanilia qarTu-

li enis ganmartebiT leqsikonsa da al. Rlontis `qarTul ki-

lo-TqmaTa sityvis konaSi~, magram dRes mas mxolod istoriu-

li Rirebuleba aqvs, ramdenadac is inaxavs qarTul kilo-Tqma-

Ta masalas mcenareebis, cxovelebisa da liTonTa saxelwodebe-

bis Sesaxeb. r. erisTavis damsaxureba didia agreTve sxva leq-

sikonebis Seqmnisa da sulxan-sabas `sityvis konis~ gamocemis

saqmeSi, magram amjerad Cven maTze ar SevCerdebiT.

53

r u s u d a n s a R i n a Z e (quTaisis universiteti)

`bebias ena~ (masalebi dialeqtologiisaTvis)

moxsenebaSi warmodgenili iqneba erTi individis, kerZod,

avtoris winapris (bebias) _ ivlita xecurianis _ metyveleba-

Si dadasturebuli enobrivi erTeulebi, dialeqtizmebi, ag-

reTve idioleqtis nimuSebi. masala mopovebulia mTqmelis si-

cocxleSive, umetesad ki aRdgenili da Sekrebilia misi garda-

cvalebis (1977 w.) Semdgom ojaxis wevrTa mier.

saanalizo masala, romelsac Cven `bebias enas~ vuwodebT,

mravalferovania. enobrivi erTeulebi xSir SemTxvevaSi ganu-

martavia, Tumca iSviaTad ganmartebis saSualebas iZleva me-

mkvidreTa (ojaxis wevrTa) mexsierebaSi SemorCenili mTqmelise-

uli gamoTqmebi, frazebi. magaliTad, kocxa. Sdr. kocxa Rori

= dabali, patara Rori.

`bebias enaSi~ uxvad aris saxeluri formebi, magaliTad,

purtyvi, cxveni, jerko, WirTvi, qviskvnili... gansakuTrebiT

mdidaria masala zmnuri dialeqtizmebiT: avawiwilake, dacim-

camdi, gamomabJiyes, viToTxiale, gamovCurTe, gamovaxukune,

gavawkiparte, moCorikda, gadasosialda, miwiwinobda (Sdr.

aWar. davwiwindeT = wavideT), daportyialobs, apuntrakda,

waZikinda...

leqsikuri TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa: goWuntale, kon-

Cxi, uCqimo, Wontole, barbaciani, wukanti, boborike, winwa-

laki, vatatyi, vatyapure, wurwuti, wunaki, Zubaki, fexuce,

daCarTuli, brutiani, oCqoCe, Cxoli, quncaxi...

`bebias enaSi~ aris Cven mier idioleqtis nimuSebad mi-

Cneuli formebic: maxunjaki (= maxinji), daxWanuli (= daWyanu-

li, Seuxedavi), saneiqine (= aqa-iq), fSxlakva (= rus. шляпа),

liplikebi (= replikebi), misofie (= misiT, TavisiT), opa ise

(= aba, ase), ranjuli (= ra rjulis)...

54

Ì ÄÃ Ä À Ó À ÙË É À Í É (enaTmecnierebis instituti) ÃÒÏÉÓ ËÄØÓÉÊÖÒ-ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÀÍÀËÉÆÉ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ ÄÍÉÓ ÃÉÀËÄØÔ-ÊÉËÏÊÀÅÈÀ ÌÏÍÀÝÄÌÄÁÉÓ ÌÉáÄÃÅÉÈ

ÃÒÏ, ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÝÍÏÁÉËÉÀ, ÌÀÔÄÒÉÉÓ ÀÒÓÄÁÏÁÉÓ ÄÒÈ-ÄÒÈÉ ÞÉ-

ÒÉÈÀÃÉ ×ÏÒÌÀÀ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÌÏÅËÄÍÄÁÉÓ ÊÀÍÏÍÆÏÌÉÄÒÉ ÌÏÍÀÝÅËÄÏ-ÁÉÈ ÂÀÌÏÉáÀÔÄÁÀ.

ÓÀÌÚÀÒÏÛÉ ÚÅÄËÀ ÓÀÆÏÌÉ (ÓÉÂÒÞÄ, ßÏÍÀ...) ÐÉÒÏÁÉÈÉÀ ÃÀ ÉÓÉÍÉ ÌÏ×ÉØÒÄÁÖËÉÀ ÀÃÀÌÉÀÍÉÓ ÌÉÄÒ, ÃÒÏÉÓ ÞÉÒÉÈÀÃÉ ÓÀÆÏÌÉ ÊÉ ÁÖÍÄÁÀÌ ÈÅÉÈÏÍ ÌÏÂÅÝÀ. ÊÄÒÞÏÃ, ÃÒÏÉÓ ÀÙÒÉÝáÅÀÓ ÓÀ×ÖÞÅËÀà ÃÀÄÃÏ ÝÉÖÒ ÓáÄÖËÈÀ ÌÏÞÒÀÏÁÉÈ ÂÀÍÐÉÒÏÁÄÁÖËÉ ÉÓÄÈÉ ÌÏÅËÄÍÄÁÉ, ÒÏÌËÄÁÉÝ ÌÄÔ-ÍÀÊËÄÁÀà ÈÀÍÀÁÀÒÉ ÐÄÒÉÏÃÖËÏÁÉÈ ÌÄÏÒÃÄÁÀ. ÄÒÈÉÀÍÉ, ÓÀÚÏ-ÅÄËÈÀÏ ÃÒÏÉÈÉ ÙÄÒÞÉÓ, ÃÒÏÈÀ ÃÉÍÄÁÉÓ ÄÒÈ ÓÀ×ÖÞÅÄËÆÄ ÃÀ ÄÒÈÉ ÌÉÌÀÒÈÖËÄÁÉÈ ÓÅËÉÓ ßÀÒÌÏÃÂÄÍÀ ÊÉ ØÒÉÓÔÉÀÍÖË ÌÓÏ×ËÌáÄÃÅÄ-ËÏÁÀÓÈÀÍ ÀÒÉÓ ÃÀÊÀÅÛÉÒÄÁÖËÉ ÃÀ ÌÉÓÂÀÍÅÄ ÌÏÌÃÉÍÀÒÄÏÁÓ.

ÃÒÏÖË ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÀÈÀ ÓÔÒÖØÔÖÒÄÁÉÓ ÈÅÀËÓÀÆÒÉÓÉÈ ÄÍÄÁÉ ÂÀÍÓáÅÀÅÄÁÖË ÃÀ ÓÀÉÍÔÄÒÄÓÏ ÓÖÒÀÈÓ ßÀÒÌÏÂÅÉÃÂÄÍÄÍ. ÒÀÙÀ ÈØÌÀ ÖÍÃÀ, ÀÌ ÌáÒÉÅ ÂÀÌÏÍÀÊËÉÓÓ ÀÒÝ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ ßÀÒÌÏÀÃÂÄÍÓ, ÒÏÌËÉÓ ËÄØÓÉÊÖÒ-ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÀÍÀËÉÆÉ ÌÄÔÀà ÓÀÚÖÒÀÃÙÄÁÏ ÔÄÌÐÏÒÀËÖÒ ÓÔÒÖØÔÖÒÀÓ ÂÅÉÜÅÄÍÄÁÓ.

ÆÏÂÀÃÀà ÃÒÏÉÓ ÂÀÌÏÓÀáÀÔÀÅÀà ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ ÃÀÓÔÖÒÃÄÁÀ ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ØÀÒÈÖËÉÃÀÍ ÛÄÌÏÓÖËÉ _ ÃæÒÄæ (ÁÆ.), ÃÒÄæ (ÆÓ.), ÃÒñ (ÁÆ., ËÍÔ.), ÃÒÏ (ËÛá., ËÍÔ.), ÃæÒÄ (ËÍÔ.) `ÃÒÏ", ÃæÒÄÎ (ÜÏË.); áðÍ (ÆÓ., ËÍÔ.), áÀÍ (ËÛá., ÖÛÂ.) `áÀÍÉ"; ÑðÌ (ÆÓ., ËÍÔ.), ÑÀÌ (ËÛá., ÜÏË.) `ÑÀÌÉ", ÉÓÄ ÓÀÊÖÈÒÉÅ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ _ æÏÍÀ (ÆÓ., ØÓ.), æÀÍÀ (ÆÓ.), ÙæÀÍÀ (ÁÆ.), æÏÒÀ (ËáÌ.), ÏÍÀ (ÖÛÂ.) `ÑÀÌÉ, ÃÒÏ", ÜÉØà (ÆÓ., ØÓ.) `ÃÒÏÌÃÄ", ÒÏÌËÄÁÉÝ ÃÀÓÔÖÒÃÄÁÀ ÞÉÒÉÈÀÃÀà ÓáÅÀÃÀÓáÅÀ ÓÀáÉÓ ÆÌÍÉÆÄÃÖÒ ×ÏÒÌÄÁÛÉ (ÉÓ-ÂËëÈÉ æÏÍÀØÀ (ÁÆ., ËÛá.) `ÛÖÀÙÀÌÉÓÀÓ", ÉÓÂËðÃÙÉÛ æÏÍÀØÀ (ÁØ.) `ÛÖ-ÀÃÙÉÓÀÓ"; ÀÌ ÜÉØà (ÆÓ., ØÓ.) `ÀÌ ÃÒÏÌÃÄ", ÀÌ ÜÉØÓ (ÆÓ., ØÓ.) `ÀÌ ÃÒÏÓ", Äã ÜÉØØÀ (ÁØ.) `ÉÌ ÃÒÏÛÉ, ÉÌ ÃÒÏÓ", ÄÜÀ ÜÉØà (ÁØ.) `ÉÌ ÃÒÏÌÃÄ", ÌÉÛÂæÀ ÜÉØà (ÁØ.) `ÜÄÌÀÌÃÄ" ÃÀ ÌÒÀÅ. ÓáÅ.).

ÓáÅÀ ØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒ ÄÍÀÈÀ ÌÓÂÀÅÓÀÃ, ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉÝ, ÃÒÏÉÓ ÖßÚÅÄÔ ÐÄÒÉÏÃÛÉ, ÂÀÌÏÉÚÏ×À ÓÀÌßÄÅÒÏÅÀÍÉ ÔÄÌÐÏÒÀËÖÒÉ ÏÐÏÆÉÝÉÀ: ÀÈáÄËÃÉÛ / ØÀ ÌÄÜÃÄ `ßÀÒÓÖËÉ" _ ÀÈáÄÛ `ÀáËÀÍÃÄËÉ" _ ÀÈáÄÍÙæÄÛ / ÌÄâÄà `ÌÏÌÀÅÀËÉ".

ÃÒÏÉÓ ÄÓ ÓÀÌÉ ÞÉÒÉÈÀÃÉ ÐÄÒÉÏÃÉ (ßÀÒÓÖËÉ _ ÀáËÀÍÃÄËÉ _ ÌÏÌÀÅÀËÉ) ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ ßÀÒÌÏÃÂÄÍÉËÉÀ ÃÒÏÉÓ ÆÌÍÉÆÄÃÄÁÉÈÀ ÃÀ ÌÉ-

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ÌÙÄÏÁÉÓ ×ÏÒÌÄÁÉÈ. ÌÀÈ ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÀÛÉ (ÀÈáÄ-ËÃ-ÉÛ _ ÀÈáÄ-Û _ ÀÈáÄ-Í-ÙæÄ-Û), ÞÉÒÉÈÀÃÀà ÀÌÏÓÀÅÀËÉÀ ÀáËÀÍÃÄËÉ ÃÒÏ _ ÀÈáÄ `Àá-ËÀ", ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÁÒÖÍÅÉÓ ÍÉÛÍÄÁÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÆÌÍÉÆÄÃÄÁÉÓ ÃÀÒÈÅÉÈ ÂÀÌÏáÀ-ÔÀÅÓ ÀÌÀ ÈÖ ÉÌ ÐÄÒÉÏÃÓ. ÒÀÝ ÛÄÄáÄÁÀ ÌÉÌÙÄÏÁÖÒ ×ÏÒÌÄÁÓ (ØÀ ÌÄ-ÜÃÄ _ ÌÄâÄÃ), ÉÓÉÍÉ, Å×ÉØÒÏÁÈ, ØÀÒÈÖËÉÓ ÀÍÀËÏÂÉÉÈ ÖÍÃÀ ÉÚÏÓ ÂÀÜÄÍÉËÉ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ.

ÂÀÒÃÀ ÆÄÌÏÀÙÍÉÛÍÖËÉ ×ÏÒÌÄÁÉÓÀ, ÌÏÌÀÅËÉÓÀ ÃÀ ßÀÒÓÖËÉÓ ÂÀÌÏÓÀáÀÔÀÅÀà ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ ÓáÅÀ ×ÏÒÌÄÁÉÝ ÃÀÓÔÖÒÃÄÁÀ, ÒÏÌÄËÈÀ ÌÄ-ÔÉ ßÉËÉ ÓÉÔÚÅÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÉÈ ÀÒÉÓ ÌÉÙÄÁÖËÉ. ÄÓÄÍÉÀ: ÖÝÍÏÁÉ ÄÔÉÌÏ-ËÏÂÉÉÓ ÌêÁÄ (ÁÆ., ËÛá.), ÌðÁÄ (ÁØ.), ÌÀÁÄ (ËÍÔ.) `ÌÏÌÀÅÀËÉ / ÌÏÌÃÄÅ-ÍÏ", ÒÏÌÄËÓÀÝ `ÃÙÄÉÓÓßÏÒÓ" ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÀÝ ÂÀÀÜÍÉÀ ÃÀ ßÀÒÓÖËÉÓ ÌÍÉÛ-ÅÍÄËÏÁÉÈ ÂÀÌÏÚÄÍÄÁÖËÉ ÆÌÍÉÆÄÃÖÒÉ ×ÏÒÌÄÁÉ: ÉæÀËÀÃðÙ (ÆÓ.), ÉæÀËÀÃÄÙ (ÁØ., ËÛá.), ÉæÀËðÃÄÙ (ËÍÔ.); ÉæÀÓ (ÆÓ., ËÍÔ.), ÉæÀÓÉ-ÃÀÌÓ (ÁØ.), ÉæðÓÉÃÀÌÓ (ËÍÔ.) `ÛÏÒÄÖË ßÀÒÓÖËÛÉ, ÏÃÄÓÙÀÝ, ÏÃÉÈ-ÂÀÍ (ÉÂÖËÉÓáÌÄÁÀ ÄÅÀÓ ÃÀ ÀÃÀÌÉÓ ÃÒÏ, ÛÏÒÄÖËÉ ßÀÒÓÖËÉ)" ÃÀ ÓáÅ.

ÆÏÂÀÃÀà ßÄËÉ / ßÄËÉßÀÃÉ-Ó ÌÍÉÛÅÍÄËÏÁÉÈ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ ÂÀÌÏÚÄ-ÍÄÁÖËÉÀ ÆðÎ (ÁÆ.), Æð (ÁØ., ËÍÔ.), ÆÀÎ (ËÛá., ÜÏË.), ÒÏÌÄËÓÀÝ ÛÄ-ÓÀÔÚÅÉÓÉ ÄÞÄÁÍÄÁÀ ÓáÅÀ ØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒ ÄÍÄÁÛÉ (ÛÃÒ. ØÀÒÈ. ÆÀ- ÆÀ-ÌÈÀÒ-É; ÆÀ-×áÖË-É; ÂÀ-ÆÀ-×áÖË-É ÃÀ ÌÄÂÒ. ÆÏ- ÆÏ-ÈÏÍã-É" `ÆÀÌÈÀÒÉ") ÃÀ

ÓÀÄÒÈÏØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒÉ ×ÖÞÄÄÍÉÓ ÃÏÍÄÆÄ ÀÙÃÂÄÍÉËÉÀ *ÆÀ- ÀÒØÄÔÉÐÉ. ßÄËÉßÀÃÉÓ ÃÒÏÄÁÉ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉÝ ßÀÒÌÏÃÂÄÍÉËÉÀ ÏÈáÉ ÂÀÍÓáÅÀ-

ÅÄÁÖËÉ ÐÄÒÉÏÃÉÈ _ ÀÒÄÄÁÉÈ, ÈÖÌÝÀ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÄÁÉÓ ÌÉáÄÃÅÉÈ ÄÒ-ÈÍÀÉÒÉ ÌÃÂÏÌÀÒÄÏÁÀ ÀÒÀ ÂÅÀØÅÓ ÃÀ ÄÓÀ ÈÖ ÉÓ ÐÄÒÉÏÃÉ ÓáÅÀÃÀÓáÅÀ ÓÔÒÖØÔÖÒÉÓ ×ÖÞÄÄÁÉÈ ßÀÒÌÏÂÅÉÃÂÄÁÀ: ÂÀÆÀ×áÖËÉ _ ØÀÌÉÆóË (ÁÆ.), ØÀÌËÉÆðË / ØÀÌÉÆÀË (ÁØ.), ØÀÌÄËÉÆÀË (ÖÛÂ.); ËÖ×áæ (ÁÆ., ØÓ., ËáÌ.), ÊðÝáðËÖ×áæ (ÁÆ.), ÌÀË×á (ËÍÔ.), ÌÀË×áæ (ÖÛÂ.); ÆÀ×áÖ-ËÉ _ ÆÀæËÀÃðÙ (ÁÆ.), ÆÀæËÀÃÄÙ (ÁØ., ËÛá.), ÆÀæËðÃÄÙ (ËÍÔ.), ÀÌ-ÆÀæ (ÁØ.), Æð (ÖÛÂ.); ÛÄÌÏÃÂÏÌÀ _ ÌÖÑÙæÄÒ (ÁÆ., ÜÏË.), ÌÖÑÙÖÒ / ÌÖÑÙæÉÒ (ÁØ.), ÌÖÑÙÏÒ (ËÛá.), ÌÖÑÏÙÉÒ (ËÍÔ.), ÌéÑÙæÄÒ (ÜÏË.), ÓÔæÄËÏÁ (ÜÏË.); ÆÀÌÈÀÒÉ _ ËÖÍÈ (ÁØ., ËÛá.), ËÉÍÈæ (ÆÓ., ËÍÔ., ÜÏË.).

ÈÅÉÓ ÀÙÌÍÉÛÅÍÄËÉ ËÄØÓÉÊÖÒÉ ÄÒÈÄÖËÉ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉÓ ÚÅÄËÀ ÃÉÀ-ËÄØÔÛÉ ÄÒÈÉ ÓÀÄÒÈÏ ×ÖÞÉÈ ÈæÄ / Èñ (ÁÆ., ËÍÔ.), ÈÄæ (ÆÓ.), ÈÏÎ (ËÛá.), ÈæÄÎ (ÜÏË.) ÂÀÌÏÉáÀÔÄÁÀ. ÖÛÂÖËÖÒÛÉ ÊÉ ÈæÄ-Ó ÐÀÒÀËÄ-ËÖÒÀà ÃÏÛà `ÈÅÄ, ÌÈÅÀÒÄ" ×ÖÞÄÝ ×ÉØÓÉÒÃÄÁÀ. ÒÀÝ ÛÄÄáÄÁÀ ÈÅÄÈÀ ÓÀáÄËÄÁÓ, ÉÓÉÍÉ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ ÞÉÒÉÈÀÃÀà ÒÏÌÀÖËÉ ÊÀËÄÍÃÀÒÖËÉ ÓÉÓ-ÔÄÌÉÓ ÌÉÌÃÄÅÒÏÁÉÈÀ ÃÀ ÓÀáÄËßÏÃÄÁÄÁÉÈÀÀ ßÀÒÌÏÃÂÄÍÉËÉ, ÈÖÌÝÀ ÓÀÚÏÅÄËÈÀÏà ÝÍÏÁÉËÉ ÓÉÓÔÄÌÉÓ ÐÀÒÀËÄËÖÒÀà ÛÄÒÄÖËÉ ÓÀáÉÓ

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ÓÉÓÔÄÌÀÝ ÌÏÂÅÄÐÏÅÄÁÀ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÌÏÉÝÀÅÓ ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÓÀÊÖÈÒÉÅ ÓÅÀ-ÍÖÒ, ÀÓÄÅÄ ØÀÒÈÖËÉÃÀÍ ÍÀÓÄÓáÄÁ ×ÏÒÌÄÁÓÀÝ.

ÌÏáÓÄÍÄÁÀÛÉ ÂÀÍáÉËÖËÉ ÉØÍÄÁÀ ÊÅÉÒÀ / ÊÅÉÒÄÖËÉÓ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ ÓÀ-áÄËßÏÃÄÁÄÁÉ (ÍÀÂÆÉ (ÆÓ., ËÛá.), ÍÀÂÆÀ (ÁØ.), ÍÀÂðÆÉ (ËÍÔ.), ÌìÛæ (ÁÆ.), ÌÉÛ (ÁØ., ËÍÔ.), ÌìÛ (ËÛá., ÜÏË.) ÃÀ, ÀÂÒÄÈÅÄ, ÓÅÀÍÖÒ ÌÍÀÈÏÁ-ÙÅÈÀÄÁÀÈÀ ÛÅÉÃÄÖËÉÓ ÛÄÌÀÃÂÄÍËÏÁÀ ÃÀ ÓÀáÄËÄÁÉ (ÃñÛÃÉÛ|ÃæÄÛ-ÃÉÛ (ÁÆ.), ÃÄÛÃÉÛ (ÁØ.), ÃÏÛÃÉÛ (ËÛá.), ÃæÄÛÔÉÛ (ËÍÔ., ÜÏË.) `ÏÒÛÀÁÀÈÉ", ÈÀáðÛ (ÆÓ.), ÈÀáÀÛ (ËÛá., ÜÏË.) `ÓÀÌÛÀÁÀÈÉ" ÃÀ À. Û.).

ÒÀÝ ÛÄÄáÄÁÀ ÃÙÄÈÀ ÈÀÍÌÉÌÃÄÅÒÏÁÀÓ, ÉÓÉÍÉ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉÝ ÃÄÉØ-ÔÖÒÉ ÐÒÉÍÝÉÐÉÈ ÀÒÉÓ ÀÂÄÁÖËÉ ÃÀ ÞÉÒÉÈÀÃÀà ÃÒÏÉÓ ÂÀÌÏÌáÀÔÅÄ-ËÉ ÆÌÍÉÆÄÃÄÁÉÀ. ÃÉÀËÄØÔÄÁÉÓ ÌÉáÄÃÅÉÈ ÊÉ ÓáÅÀÃÀÓáÅÀ ÓÔÒÖØÔÖÒÉÓ ×ÖÞÄÄÁÉ ÅËÉÍÃÄÁÀ: ËðÃÉ (ÆÓ.), ËÀÃÉ (ËÛá., ÜÏË.), ËðÃÄÙÉ (ËÍÔ.), ËÀÃÙÉ (ÖÛÂ.) `ÃÙÄÓ"; ÌéáðÒ (ÆÓ., ËÍÔ.), ÌéáÀÒ (ËÛá.) `áÅÀË"; Ìé-áðÒÁêÆÉ (ÁÆ.), ÌéáðÒÁðÆÉ (ÁØ.), ÌéáÀÒÁêÆÉ (ËÛá.), ÌéáðÒÁÀÆÉ (ËÍÔ.) `áÅÀË ÓÀÙÀÌÏÓ"; ÌéáðÒÄÜáðÍ (ÁÆ.), ÌéáðÒÄÜáÄÍ (ÁØ.), ÌéáÀÒÄÜáÄÍ (ËÛá.), ÌéáðÒÄÜÄáÄÍ (ËÍÔ.) `ÆÄÂ"; ËêÈ (ÁÆ., ËÛá., ÜÏË.), ËÀÈ (ÁØ., ËÍÔ.) `ÂÖÛÉÍ"; ËêÈÄÜáðÍ (ÁÆ.), ËÀÈÄÜáÄÍ (ÁØ.), ËêÈÄÜáÄÍ (ËÛá.) `ÂÖÛÉÍßÉÍ"; ËêÈ ÓÂæÄÁÍÄ ËÀÃðÙ (ÁÆ.), ÓÂæÄÁËÀÃÄÙ|ÓÂæÄÁÍÄ ËÀ-ÃÄÙ (ÁØ.) `ÂÖÛÉÍßÉÍ"; ÍðÁÏÆ/ÍðÁÖÆ (ÁÆ.), ÍðÁÏÆ/ÍÄÁÏÆ (ÁØ.), ÍÄÁÏÆ (ÁØ., ËÛá.) `ÓÀÙÀÌÏ"; ÁêÆÉ (ÁÆ., ËÛá., ÜÏË.), ÁÀÆÉ (ÁØ., ËÍÔ.), ÁðÆÉ (ÁØ.) `ÀÌÀÙÀÌ, ÀÌ ÓÀÙÀÌÏÓ"; äÀÌ (ÆÓ.) `ÃÉËÀ"; ÞÉÍðÒ (ÁÆ., ËÍÔ.), ÞÉÍÀÒ (ËÛá.) `ÃÉËÀ" ÃÀ ÓáÅ.

ÃÙÄ-ÙÀÌÉÓ, ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÄÒÈÉ ÌÈËÉÀÍÏÁÉÓ, ÂÀÌÏÓÀáÀÔÀÅÀÃ, ÓÅÀÍÖÒ-ÛÉ ÂÀÌÏÉÚÄÍÄÁÀ ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ËëÈÉËÀÃÄÙ / ËëÈ-ËÀÃÄÙ (ÁÆ., ËÛá.), ËÄ-ÈÉËÀÃÄÙ / ËÄÈ-ËÀÃÄÙ (ÁØ.), ËÄÈÉËðÃÄÙ (ËÍÔ.), ËëÈ-ËÀÃÄÙ (ÖÛÂ.) `ÃÙÄ ÃÀ ÙÀÌÄ, ÃÙÄ-ÙÀÌÄ", ÉÓÄ ÓÀÊÖÈÒÉÅ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ ËÄØÓÉÊÖÒÉ ÄÒÈÄÖËÉ ×ÀÍ, ÒÏÌÄËÓÀÝ ÃÒÏÉÓ ÌÍÉÛÅÍÄËÏÁÀÝ ÄÊÉÓÒÄÁÀ (ÌÀÂ., ÁØ. ×ÀÍðÛ ÌÄÂÄà ÌÀÌÀÂæÄÛ ßæÀ `ÃÒÏÉÓ ÂÀÌÞËÄÁÉ ÀÒÀ×ÄÒÉÀ (`ÃÒÏÉÓ ÂÀ-ÌÞËÄ ÀÒÀ×ÄÒÉ ÌÏÉÐÏÅÄÁÀ")".

ËëÈÉËÀÃÄÙ `ÃÙÄ ÃÀ ÙÀÌÄ" ×ÏÒÌÀÛÉ, ÓáÅÀ ØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒ ÄÍÀÈÀ ÌÓÂÀÅÓÀÃ, ÉÊÅÄÈÄÁÀ ÏÒÉ ÖÒÈÉÄÒÈÃÀÐÉÒÉÓÐÉÒÄÁÖËÉ ÃÒÏÖËÉ ÊÏÌ-ÐÏÍÄÍÔÉ: ËëÈ / ËÄÈ _ ËÀÃðÙ / ËÀÃÄÙ / ËðÃÄÙ, ÒÏÌÄËÈÀ ÂÀÃÀÍÀ-ßÉËÄÁÀ áÃÄÁÀ ÍðÒäÉ / ÍêÒÉ _ ÌÖÁæÉÒ / ÌÖÁÉÒ/ÌÖÁÖÒ `ÓÉÍÀÈËÄ-ÓÉÁ-ÍÄËÄ" ÈÅÉÓÄÁÄÁÉÓ ÌÉáÄÃÅÉÈ. ËëÈ / ËÄÈ _ ËÀÃðÙ / ËÀÃÄÙ / ËðÃÄÙ ×ÏÒÌÄÁÓ ÛÏÒÉÓ ÊÉ ÂÀÌÏÉÚÏ×À ÂÀÒÃÀÌÀÅÀËÉ ÃÒÏÖËÉ ÌÏÍÀÊÅÄÈÄÁÉ _ ÙÀÌÉÃÀÍ ÃÙÄÆÄ ÃÀ ÃÙÉÃÀÍ ÙÀÌÄÆÄ ÂÀÃÀÓÅËÉÓ ÓáÅÀÃÀÓáÅÀ ÓÀ×ÄáÖÒÄ-ÁÉ (ËÉÒäóË (ÁÆ.), ËÉÒäðË (ÁØ.), ËÉÒæêË (ËÛá.), ËÉÒæðË (ËÍÔ.) `ÂÀÈÄÍÄÁÀ", ÌéÒäÄ / ÌéÒäìË (ÁÆ.), ÌéÒäÉË (ÁØ.) `ÌÍÀÈÏÁÉ, ÂÀÌÈÄÍÄÁÄ-

57

ËÉ, ÝÉÓÊÒÉÓ ÅÀÒÓÊÅËÀÅÉ (ÐËÀÍÄÔÀ ÅÄÍÄÒÀ)", ËÄäéÒÌðÛ (ÁÆ.), ËÄäéÒ-ÌÀÛ (ÁØ.), ÁéÒÙÀÍ (ÖÛÂ.) `ÂÀÍÈÉÀÃÉ, ÒÉÑÒÀÑÉ", ËÉÁéÒÙÀÍÀË (ÁØ.) `ÂÀÈÄÍÄÁÀ", äÀÌ (ÆÓ.), ÞÉÍðÒ (ÁÆ., ËÍÔ.), ÞÉÍÀÒ (ËÛá.) `ÃÉËÀ" ...; Íð-ÁÏÆ / ÍðÁÖÆ (ÁÆ.), ÍðÁÏÆ/ÍÄÁÏÆ (ÁØ.), ÍÄÁÏÆ (ËÛá., ËÍÔ.) `ÓÀÙÀÌÏ", ÍðÁÆæð ÐÉË (ÁÆ.), ÍÄÁÆæðÛ ÐÉË (ÁØ.), ÍÄÁÏÆð ÐÉË (ËÍÔ.), ÍÄÁÆæðÛ ÌÄâÒÀ (ÁØ.), ÍÄÁÆæÀÈ ÌÄâÀÒ (ÜÏË.) `ÓÀÙÀÌÏÓ ÑÀÌÉ (ÐÉÒÉ)", ËÉÍ-ÁÏÆóË (ÁÆ.), ËÉÍÁÏÆÀË (ÁØ.), ËÉÍÁÏÆÄ (ËÛá.) `ÌÏÓÀÙÀÌÏÄÁÀ", ËÉÌÔÊÖÍóË | ËÉÌÔÊÖÌóË (ÁÆ.), ËÉÌÔÊÖÌÀË (ÁØ.) `ÛÄÁÉÍÃÄÁÉÓ ÐÄ-ÒÉÏÃÉ", ËÉÁæÒóË (ÁÆ.), ËÉÁæÒðË (ÁØ.), ËÉÁæÒêË (ËÛá.), ËÉÁÒÄ-ËðË (ËÍÔ.) `ÛÄÁÉÍÃÄÁÀ, ÃÀÙÀÌÄÁÀ", ËÉËëÈÄ (ÁÆ., ËÛá.), ËÉËÄÈÄ (ÁØ., ËÍÔ.) `ÓÒÖËÉ ÃÀÙÀÌÄÁÀ", ËÉßÊæÉÍÔÒÄ (ËÛá.) `ÃÀÁÍÄËÄÁÀ, ÖÊÖ-ÍÉ ÙÀÌÉÓ ÃÀÃÂÏÌÀ", ËëÈ (ÁÆ., ËÛá.), ËÄÈ (ÁØ., ËÍÔ.) `ÙÀÌÄ" ...).

m e d e a s a Rl i a n i , n a to S a v r e S i a n i ,

l el a g i gl e m i a n i (enaTmecnierebis instituti)

svanuri enis Seswavlis istoriidan

rogorc v. humboldti aRniSnavda, fasdaudebelia da-

mwerlobisa da mwerlobis roli calkeul erovnebaTa Tu eT-

nosTa sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi; marTalia, didi mniSvneloba

eniWeba saliteraturo enas, magram es imas rodi niSnavs, rom

cocxali metyvelebis kvleva naklebi Rirebulebisaa ara mxo-

lod arqaul leqsemaTa Tu gramatikul movlenaTa Semonaxvis

TvalsazrisiT, aramed aranormirebul, Tavisufali ganviTare-

bis mqone umwerlobo enebsa da dialeqt-kilokavebs udidesi

wvlilis Setana SeuZliaT universaliaTa da `enebis filoso-

fiur-Teoriuli problemebis gadawyvetis saqmeSi~.

umdidresi leqsikisa da gramatikuli wyobis mqone svanu-

ri eniTa da svanebis ZvelTaZveli wes-CveulebebiT mkvlevrebi

jer kidev XVIII saukuneSi dainteresdnen da es interesi arc

momdevno saukuneebSi ganelebula (i. giuldenStedti, p. pala-

si, j. edvarsi, i. klaproTi, g. rozeni, f. bopi, i. barTlome,

58

p. uslari, fr. miuleri, al. cagareli, d. pikoki, h. Suxardti,

r. erkerti, m. janaSvili, a. stoianovi, m. zavadski, a. greni, o.

uordropi, b. niJaraZe, a. diri da sxv.).

svanuri enisadmi didi interesi, v. Tofurias azriT,

`gamowveulia misi gansakuTrebuli RirebulebiT qarTvelur

enaTa istoriul-SedarebiTi Seswavlisa da fuZe-enis agebule-

bis rekonstruqciisaTvis. svanurSi daculi arqaizmebi da mo-

gvianebiT miRebuli inovaciebi, rTuli fonetikuri procesebi,

struqturuli sxvaobani, dialeqturi Taviseburebani, sxva ena-

Ta substratis arseboba da dialeqtTa nareoba xelSesaxeb ma-

salas iZleva kerZo da zogadenaTmecnieruli sakiTxebis wamo-

sayeneblad da gadasaWrelad. am mxriv bevri ram gakeTda, mag-

ram jer kidev bevri sakiTxia Sesaswavli da gasaSuqebeli~.

axali etapi svanuri enisa da misi dialeqtebis Seswavlis

saqmeSi iwyeba a. SaniZisa da v. Tofurias Sromebis gamoqveyne-

bidan (mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs a. SaniZis `umlauti svanurSi~ da v.

Tofurias `svanuri zmna~), rasac mohyva nayofieri muSaoba

svanuri enis fonetikisa Tu morfologia-sintaqsis aqtualur

sakiTxebze (z.WumburiZe, n. abesaZe, a. oniani, k. gagua, i. Ca-

ntlaZe...), svanuri teqstebis publikacia da, rac gansakuTre-

buli aRniSvnis Rirsia, v. Tofuriasa da m. qaldanis `svanuri

leqsikoni~, romelic arn. Ciqobavas saxelobis enaTmecnierebis

institutis mecnier-TanamSromelTa didi ZalisxmeviT momzad-

da.

svanuri enis kvleva dResac intensiurad mimdinareobs

ara mxolod saqarTveloSi, aramed ucxoeTSic, razec metyve-

lebs arn. Ciqobavas saxelobis enaTmecnierebis institutis me-

cnier-TanamSromlebis (i. CantlaZe, q. margiani-dadvani, q. mar-

giani-subari, m. saRliani, r. ioseliani) mier gamocemuli wig-

ni `kodoruli qronikebi~ (gamokvlevebiTurT), 2007-1010 w.,

q. margiani-subaris monografia `zemosvanur dialeqtTa mo-

rfosintaqsuri analizis zogi aspeqti~ (engurisa da kodoris

xeobaTa mosaxleobis metyvelebis mixedviT), 2008-2009 w.,

m. saRlianis monografia `pirisa da ricxvis gramatikuli ka-

59

tegoria svanurSi~, 2011 w., q. margiani-subaris monografia

`evidencialobis kategoria svanur enaSi~, 2012 w. aqve unda

SevniSnoT, rom mzaddeba gamosacemad arn. Ciqobavas enaTmecni-

erebis institutis qarTvelur enaTa ganyofilebis svanuri

jgufis (e. gazdeliani, r. Wkadua, m. saRliani, n. SavreSiani, l.

giglemiani) mier `svanuri enis gramatika~ da a. Wkaduas mier

mravali wlis manZilze rudunebiT Sekrebili `svanuri topo-

nimebis leqsikoni (gamokvleviTurT)~, m. saRlianis monografia

`saRirisZis STamomavalTa didi saxleuli~ (struqturul-se-

mantikuri da etimologiuri analizi eqstralingvisturi masa-

lebis safuZvelze), `eliziur sityvaTa simfonia-leqsikoni~

(svanuri enis qrestomaTiis mixedviT) da monografia `narkveve-

bi svanuri enis Sesaxeb~, n. SavreSianisa da m. saRlianis `Co-

luruli teqstebi (leqsikoniTurT)~, m. saRlianisa da l. gig-

lemianis monografia `zoma-wonis aRmniSvnel leqsikur erTe-

ulTa struqturul-semantikuri analizi svanurSi (leqsiko-

niTurT)~ da mravali sxv.

T e a t et eloS v ili (enaTmecnierebis instituti)

qonebis saxelTa mawarmoeblebi translativebad saliteraturo qarTulsa da dialeqtebSi

termini `translacia~ gamoxatavs movlenas, rodesac

srulmniSvnelovani sityva erTi gramatikuli klasidan gada-

dis meoreSi. sityvis klasi da funqcia imdenad mWidrodaa da-

kavSirebuli erTmaneTTan, rom `klasis~ cvlileba iwvevs si-

tyvis funqciis cvlilebas da _ piriqiT. sityvis translire-

ba xorcieldeba misTvis formis SecvliT (specialuri marke-

rebiT, romlebsac translativebi ewodeba) da sityvis formis

Seucvlelad. sityvas, romelmac unda ganicados translacia,

ewodeba `satranslirebeli~ sityva; romelmac ganicada tran-

60

slacia _ `translirebuli~ sityva; xolo translaciis mo-

rfologiuri markerebi, rogorc zemoT ukve aRvniSneT, `tran-

slativebia~.

qarTulSi translativebad gvxvdeba sityvawarmoebiTi

afiqsebi, brunvis niSnebi da Tandebulebic ki. amjerad Cveni

kvlevis sferoSi Semodis qonebis (mqoneblobis) mawarmoeblebi

saxelTa matranslirebel elementebad saliteraturo qar-

Tulsa da dialeqtebSi.

qonebis gamomxatveli saxelebi erT-erT sakmaod did

jgufs qmnian qarTul leqsikur maragSi. samecniero litera-

turis mixedviT saliteraturo qarTulSi qonebis saxelTa ma-

warmoeblebad gamoiyofa: -a, -ed, -ian, -ier, -ovan, -osan sufiq-

sebi. rac Seexeba qarTuli enis dialeqtebs, aq maTi saxecvli-

li variantebic dasturdeba: -ed → -et; -ian → -ien / -ion / -ivn; -ier →-iar / -ior / -ivr; -ovan →-oan / -uan /

-u›n (// -van) / -on (b. jorbenaZe). mniSvnelovania, rom am jgu-

fis zogi afiqsi (-ovan, -ian) monawileobs geografiul saxel-

Ta SeqmnaSic an awarmoebs gvarebs. unda aRiniSnos isic, rom

sxvadasxva sferos terminologiaSi maTi produqtiuloba gan-

sxvavebulia. zogjer erTi da imave fuZisgan mqoneblobis sxva-

dasxva afiqsiT nawarmoebi sityvebi mcire semantikur sxvaoba-

sac gviCveneben (Sdr.: xaverdiani da xaverdovani).

qonebis saxelTa mawarmoeblebi Cven gvainteresebs mxo-

lod rogorc translativebi, Sesabamisad, maTi sityvaTqmnado-

bis unari Cvens yuradRebas swored am TvalsazrisiT iqcevs.

mqoneblobis afiqsebis darTviT nawarmoebi sityvebis analizis

Sedegad ikveTeba, rom aRniSnuli sarTebi ZiriTadad _ maadi-

eqtivebeli, ufro iSviaTad, masubstantivebeli translative-

bia. gvaqvs iseTi SemTxvevebic, rodesac gadaWriT SeuZlebelia

imis mtkiceba, esa Tu is translativi romel jgufs (maadieq-

tivebels / masubstantivebels) unda mivakuTvnoT. translire-

bisTvis umniSvnelovanesia semantikuri faqtoric. amas adastu-

rebs, magaliTad, qonebis afiqsian atributul formaTa gasub-

stantiveba saxeldebisaTvis amgvar erTeulTa gadaazrebiT:

61

Cit-ian-i, qv-ian-i, qar-ian-i, wabl-ian-i da a.S.

moxsenebaSi qonebis saxelTa mawarmoeblebs ganvixilavT

translaciasTan mimarTebiT da aseve warmovadgenT maT cxrils

masubstantivebel-maadieqtivebel translativTa rangSi.

n a T el a f art e n a Z e (baTumis universiteti)

pirmimarTi damatebis brunvebi SavSursa da klarjulSi

pirdapiri damateba. pirdapiri damateba brunvacvaleba-

dia da misi brunvebia saxelobiTi (II-sa da III seria) da micemi-

Ti (I seria). SavSursa da klarjulSi TaviseburebiT pirveli

seriis formebi gamoirCeva, sadac pirdapiri damateba fuZis

saxiT ewyoba Semasmenels: SorvebSi kakal ar guurevT...; im

xid vertyviT; simrereb gogvebma ityoden; miva, miva, kval ar

aCens; martoÁ yarTof vTesavT, simind ar vTesavT, wamali ar

gvaq...; foToli imas vetyviT, didvan furcel meisxams; Zvele-

bura ar ari, Zvelebura xareb CavabemdiT...; ise xoja viyav,

xalx valocevdi...; ieTmiSuC wlisa xoja iyo, baRneb akiTxeb-

da...; Sua gzaSi movden, qal meiTxovden...; avantyofs ubeSi

xel Cuuyofs...; xevidan duumwkivrebia kacebi, xelidan xelSi

aZlevden qveb...; pur vWamdiT, vsamobdiT, vimRerebdiT...; Zve-

laT siZeÁ dedofal ar deinaxavda...; pawaÁ com gavaSaveb...;

erT welwad pur ar davTesavdiT, TavTanaÁ amovdoda...; doner

gaakeTeben ia, xorc aasxmen SiSaze, WaR vetyviT...; finTi dedam-

Tili rZal daaberebs...; yvelafer eqvs Tve racxa geyofa, aav-

sob beRel...; me pur vacxob, xmiadi maq, cota qufria...

dasturdeba iseTi SemTxvevebic, roca erTi winadadebis

farglebSi pirdapiri damateba fuZis saxiTacaa da mis gver-

diT micemiTbrunviani formac. es umetesad im SemTxvevaSi, ro-

ca erTgvar wevrTa raodenoba orze metia: aq davTesavT si-

62

mind, yarTof, lobios...; daTv, Ror, gareul xar, kvernas

devWirevdiT...; Áa cxvar gomouSvebden, Áa Txa, Áa Zroxas...;

baqlavas muutanden, qaTam muutanden, cxvar meiyvanden... msgav-

si viTareba gvxvdeba hipotaqsur konstruqciebSic: gogos rom

gameiyvanden, Á¶aRi davayridiT...

pirvel seriaSi micemiTis nacvlad pirdapiri damatebis

saxelobiTbrunviani formebic mravlad gvxvdeba: ima araferi

ar qvia, ima suji etyvian...; kacebi fuli gayrian, wevlen...; Cve-

ni didvanebma arTvinidan yurZeni moWvirTavden; ojaRi gaake-

Tavs, cecxli gaanTavs, xorci gadaawiTlavs; niSani dadef;

imasac Toki maakoWebda; wyali iqidan vwikavT...; taTli ar va-

keTebT...; baxSiSi micemen...; ZvelaT skiebi daakeTebden...; saqo-

neli bevri iyvnen da ar yofnilobden balaxi...; oTxi Tane qa-

Tami myavs, zogi moxaSav...; erTi Teneqe yaziaRi sam marClad

iReben baTum...

xmovanfuZian saxelTan unda vivaraudoT saxelobiTi

brunva da ara micemiTis san dakarguli forma: lobio argven,

hama me ar vargev...; gurjija `qufela~ ebnevian...; sofelSi qar-

Tuli sityva mamaCemma ambobda; asi Txa erT saaTze movwveli-

di; rZidan ase gvali yveli vakeTebdiT...

erTi winadadebis farglebSi ori damatebidan erTi SeiZ-

leba idges saxelobiT brunvaSi, meore_fuZis saxiT iyos

warmodgenili: buldanana iyos, kakali vurevT Cven, Txil vu-

revT emes vurevT...; kakali vurevT Cven, Tesl vurevT; erT

dram wyal Suuyeneb, maril daayri niori ar guurev...; Se-

rbeT moasxam, ÁaRi moasxam, kakleb moayri; simind avwevdiT,

puri davTesevdiT...

mixvdebi zmnis formasTan damateba saxelobiTSia: ver

mivxti maTi lapariki, Tqveni lapariki mivxtebi; amaTi lapa-

riki daha bevri xdebian...

Wamian formasTan, romelsac zogadi awmyos mniSvneloba

aqvs (emTxveva Zveli qarTulis meore xolmeobiTs), damateba

saxelobiTSia: ar Wamian Wadi, pur Wamen...

damateba micemiTSia swyevlo' zmnasTan: ar swyevlo ara-

63

vis...

zojer saxelobiTi brunvis niSani gagebulia fuZiseulad

(TanxmovanfuZian saxelebSi) da micemiT brunvaSi gvaqvs aseTi

formebi: Romisac davTesevdiT da davneyevdiT... msgavsi warmo-

eba axasiaTebs guruls (Sdr. Rorisac davklav...).

iribi damateba. iribi damateba brunvaucvlelia da is

yovelTvis micemiT brunvaSi dgas, magram SavSursa da klar-

julSi xSiria fuZis saxiT an iSviaTad _ saxelobiTi brunvis

formiT warmodgenili iribi damateba pirvel seriaSi: me ve-

laparikebodi Cem dedamTil, mamamTil...; irRas vetyviT me-

vyrebiT, racxazena, vimuSaoT, duuZaxebT mezobleb...; virebi

gvyavda, vireb akidebdiT zurgze...; TqveniTana kaceb jenneTSi

ki ara jeheennemSi wavyvebi...; Saqar gadaayris size dedofal...

klarjulSi ki iribi damateba gvxvdeba saxelobiT brunvaSic:

erTi Zroxa ver vaWmev, cxeni ra vaWamo?...

A

m a m i a f a R a v a (baTumis universiteti)

kar-fuZiani toponimebi samxreT saqarTvelodan

karØfuZiani toponimebi gavrcelebulia rogorc aRmosav-

leT, ise dasavleT saqarTveloSi. saqarTvelos raionebSi

gvxvdeba 77 geografiuli saxeli aRniSnuli fuZiT. masalebis

mixedviT, ufro metad igi gavrcelebuli Cans aRmosavleT sa-

qarTveloSi, SedarebiT naklebia _ dasavleT saqarTveloSi,

Tumca mainc gvxvdeba (toponimika 2). karØfuZiani toponimebi

dasturdeba istoriul samxreT saqarTveloSi, kerZod, taoSi: devsakari, didi mTikari, dolekari, vaCekari, kravekari / kraekari, onoreTkari, taSkarani (*qvis karani?), cucekari, wiTlivkari // wiTlevkari,, Wedliankari, xucekari...

kar-fuZiani toponimebi davadastureT binaTSic (arTvi-

ni-iusufelis gzis 24-e kilometrze gza marjvniv auxvevs da

aqedan xuTi kilometrSia aRniSnuli sofeli): solmazikari,

64

musxolikari, q[k]acikari, peteTkari, bairamiankari, hajianka-ri, Wedliankari...

kar-fuZiani toponimebi istoriul samxreT saqarTvelo-

Si taos kuTvnilebaa.

binaTi sofelia klarjeTisa da SavSeTis mijnaze. bunebri-

via, daisvas kiTxva, binaTi klarjuli sofelia Tu taouri?

toponimTa warmoebis wesiT, binaTi taos unda mivakuTvnoT,

Tumca kvleva momavalSic unda gagrZeldes: eTnografiuli,

folkloruli, lingvisturi masalebi mogvcems saSualebas

gadaWriT gavceT pasuxi dasmul kiTxvas.

sainteresoa kar- fuZis mniSvneloba qarTvelur enebSi:

megruli: kari _ kari: Sesasvleli, saxli uflisa, niSi.

kari (sasaxlisa), karavi (mwyemsisa), kompozitSi mcire dasaxle-

basac niSnavs (CemnaSkari _ Ceminavas kari). kar-i gvxvdeba ase-

ve: kar-akani _ kar-midamo, kar-alage - kar-midamo...(al. qoba-

lia). moyvanil ganmartebaSi zogi ram dazustebas moiTxovs,

kerZod, meore nawili, rom kari ,,mcire dasaxlebasac niSnavs

(CemnaSkari _ Ceminavas kari)". vfiqrobT, ufro zustia karØis

ioseb yifSiZiseuli gansazRvreba: kari _ двер, двор, усадьба. kar-is mniSvneloba kargad Cans sakarmidamoSi.

gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom Zvel qarTulSi ezos erT-erTi

mniSvnelobaa kari (i. abulaZe).

kari toponimebSi swored ezos, ezo-karis mniSvnelobiT

ixmareba. igive fuZe (kar) unda iyos kaloØSic. aWarulSi kalo

ezosac niSnavs (kal:kar?).

65

n a T i a fo n i a v a (enaTmecnierebis instituti)

nina || nena `ena~ leqsema megrul-lazur idiomebSi

megrul-lazurSi nina || nena leqsemebs udasturdeba

ramdenime mniSvneloba: `ena (anat.); sityva; ena, metyveleba;

xma~. saanalizo megrul-lazuri leqsikuri erTeulebi saerTo-

qarTveluria da dakavSirebulia qarT. ena da svan. nin fuZeeb-

Tan.

cnobilia, rom somatizmebs ama Tu enis idiomTa SeqmnaSi

gansakuTrebuli roli akisria. es iTqmis megrul-lazur nina

|| nena leqsemebzec. isini sakmaod gavrcelebulia idiomebis sa-

kvanZo sityvebad da gadmoscemen sxvadasxva mniSvnelobas.

warmovadgenT ramdenime maTgans:

enagrZeli, Worikana: megr. nina miduliri (zedmiw. `ena-

wasuli~), laz. nena gunZe (zedmiw. `enagrZeli~). iTqmis umete-

sad qalebze.

saocari, sakvirveli: megr. ninaT uragadu, laz. nenaTen

uTqumu `saocari da sakvirveli vinme; uCveulo ambavi~ (zed-

miw. `eniT uTqmeli~).

gaCumeba: megr. ninaSa kibiriS genWira (zedmiw. `enaze

kbilis daWera~), laz. nenas kibi(r)i gedvalu (zedmiw. `enaze

kbilis dadeba~) `enaze momdgari sityvis Sebruneba, ar gaTqma

raimesi~.

gaxseneba: megr. ninaSa morina (zedmiw. `enaze modgoma~),

laz. nenaz gedvalu (zedmiw. `enaze deba~).

laparakis Semcireba: megr. ninaS dakuntoreba (zedmiw.

`enis damokleba~), laz. nena mozdimu (zedmiw. `enis moxurva~).

zedmeti laparaki: megr. ninaS daginZoreba, laz. nena

oginZanu (zedmiw. `enis dagrZeleba~).

Sepasuxeba: megr. ninaS dorTinafa, laz. nena goqTimu

`pasuxis gacema, gamoxmaureba~ (zedmiw. `enis dabruneba~).

sityvis gawyvetineba: megr. ninaSi moWkirua (zedmiw.

`enis moWra~), laz. nena mekvaTu (zedmiw. `enis mokveTa, mo-

66

Wra~) `moswrebuli laparaki, sityvis moWra; saubris Sewyveti-

neba~.

enatkbili: megr. moTofureli ninami (zedmiw. moTaf-

lul eniani~), laz. loya nenoni (zedmiw. `tkbil eniani~).

enis adgma: megr. ninaS edguma (zedmiw. `enis adgma~), laz.

nenaSa moxTimu (zedmiw. enaze mosvla~) `laparakis dawyeba~.

saanalizo idiomebSi gvxvdeba sinonimebic: megr. ninaSi

tkveCafi (zedmiw. `enis cema~) || ninaS Terxafi (zedmiw. `enis

xetiali~) `laqlaqi~. laz. nena otkialu (zedmiw. enayranta-

la~) || nena tartala (zedmiw. enatartara~) `ybedi~.

idiomebSi gvaqvs omonimiis SemTxvevebic: laz. nena dod-

valu 1. `gaCumeba~. 2. `sityvis (pirobis) micema~.

rogorc mosalodneli iyo, lazurSi damkvidrebulia Tur-

quli idiomebis kalkebi, rac megrulisgan gansxvavebul suraTs

gviCvenebs: nena butka (Turq. japrak dilli ) `garemoebis Sesabamisad, naTqvamis Semcvleli piri~ (zedmiw. `foTlis ena~).

m e h m e T ali q e s q i n i (baTumis universiteti)

xatilas xeobis toponimebi da kulturuli mexsiere-bis sakiTxebi

xatilas xeoba arTvinTan axlos, Woroxis marcxena napir-

ze mdebareobs. xeobis sigrZe 50 kilometrze metia. swored am

xeobasTan mTavrdeba qarTuli enis gavrcelebis areali Tana-

medrove livanaSi. xatilas (dRes Taşlıca) mosaxleoba qarTu-

lad veRar laparakobs, Tumca xsovna am enaze molaparake wi-

naprebis Sesaxeb aqa-iq SemorCenilia.

xeoba mTel xeobaSi mimofantuli patar-patara dasaxle-

bebisgan, anu meheleebisgan (ubnebisagan) Sedgeba. xeobaSi Cagva-

werines 19 ubnis saxeli: 1. Witimzara, 2. xajvani, 3. iTlieTi,

4. meidani, 5. jixieTi, 6. molazi, 7. muxlana, 8. leRvieTi,

67

9. natangrevi, 10. SarTevi, 11. baSxatila, 12. xanjiveTi,

13. vexnaTi, 14. molasi, 15. naqeravi, 16. nasoflavi, 17. kvaati,

18. daviTeTi, 19. xanZarTi.

ubnebis es CamonaTvalic cxadyofs, rom qarTuli enisa da

Zveli qarTvelebis xsovna xatilaSi upirvelesad swored toponi-

mebs Semounaxavs. dasaxelebulis garda, mravlad waawydebi saTi-

bisa Tu saZovris, mindvris Tu gorakis, yanisa Tu baxCis, Relisa

Tu Walis qarTuli warmomavlobis saxelebs: xevi, didyaniTavi (//

didRaniTavi), samziari, mikrili, wyaro, cifrana, didvake, Wala,

vake, nakeravi, nagoravi, kerketa da mravali sxva.

xatilelebma, rogorc aRvniSneT, qarTuli ena aRar ician,

Tumca, maT mexsierebas TaobaTa istoriebic Semounaxavs da dRe-

sac SeiZleba naxo araerTi moxuci, romelic ityvis, rom misi

babua qarTulad laparakobda. metic, zogierTi xatilelis

Turqul metyvelebaSi SeiZleba qarTuli sityvebic gaigono.

Zveli istoriebi dRemde akavSirebs warsulTan xeobaSi

darCenil xatilelTa ufros Taobas. rac Seexeba materialuri

kulturis Zeglebs, unda aRiniSnos, rom xanZarTSi (// xanzarT-

Si) dasturdeba naeklesiari, romelic aqaurTaTvis Rirebule-

bas aRar warmoadgens da xatilelebis istoriul mexsiereba-

Sic metad mwiri xsovna SemorCenila im winaprebis Sesaxeb, vi-

sac cixeebi Tu eklesiebi uSenebia.

sainteresoa, rom TurqeTis marmarilos zRvis regionSi,

saqarias provinciaSi xatilel muhajirTa STamomavlebis ramde-

nime sofelia. am soflebSi ufrosi Taoba dRemde laparakobs

qarTul enaze.

68

W a b u k i q i r i a (enaTmecnierebis instituti)

pirveli TurmeobiTis warmoebis sakiTxebi zanuri enis megrul dialeqtSi

1. qarTulSi formawarmoebis saerTo sistemidan amovar-

dnilia mesame seriis nakvTTa warmoeba. ver vityviT, rom aq sa-

erTod ar aris daculi sawarmoebeli fuZis principi, Tumca

iseTi simwyobre da Tanamimdevruloba ar SeiniSneba, rogoric

gvaqvs pirvel da meore seriaSi; TurmeobiTis jgufs yovelTvis

ar moepoveba saerTo fuZe, amosavlad rom gvqondes warmoebi-

sas (awmyos jgufi awmyos fuZezea damyarebuli, meore seria _

aoristis fuZeze).

2. specialur literaturaSi aRniSnaven, rom megruli

zmnis TurmeobiTi pirveli iyenebs wyvetilis fuZes (qajaia,

2001, 65, danelia, 2006, 159, kartozia, gersamia, 245...).

namdvilad asea es erTi rigis formebSi, gardamavali

zmnebis erT nawilSi: xantuns `xatavs~ _ doxantu `daxata~ _

duxantu `dauxatavs~... am SemTxvevaSi mesame seriis forma aTe-

maturia, iseve rogorc meore seriisa, rac maT formobriv kav-

Sirze miuTiTebs.

magram yovelTvis rodia amosavali aoristi. xSirad amo-

savalia awmyo: dguns `dgams~ _ dudgumu, Suns `svams~ _ geu-

Sumu... orzans `agznebs~ _ durzamu... ogans `agebs~ _ duga-

fu... orguans _ durguafu...

iSviaTad SesaZloa amosavali iyos masdaris fuZe: Tquans

`ityvis~ _ uTqualu; Sdr.: masd.: Tquala...

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom megrulSic umetesad awmyos da

ara aoristis fuZes emyareba gardamavali zmnis pirveli TurmeobiTis forma, romelsac aseTi struqtura aqvs:

1. (Z)-m-i-R1-u-(n), g-i-R1-u-(n), u-R1-u-(n) _ sadac (Z)

zmniswinia, R1 - pirveli seriis Tema (m-i-goraf-u-(n),

g-i-goraf-u-(n), u-goraf-u-(n))

2. (Z)-m-i-R2-u-(n), g-i-R2-u-(n), u-R2-u-(n) _ sadac (Z)

69

zmniswinia, R2 meore seriis Tema (m-i-xaCq-u-(n), g-i-

xaCq-u-(n), u-xaCq-u-(n));

3. (Z1)-m-i-R3-u-(n), g-i-R3-u-(n), u-R3-u-(n) _ sadac Z1

mtkicebiTi nawilakia, funqciiT zmniswinis badali, R3

aris masdari (m-i-Fidir-u-(n), g-i-Fidir-u-(n), u-Fidir-

u-(n)).

3. awmyozea (an myofadze) damyarebuli orpiriani

gardauvali zmnebis pirveli TurmeobiTi: esur-eb-u-(n) `es-

tumreba~_ esur-u `estumra~_ sur-eb-u-(n) `stumrebia~;

ewux-eb-u-(n) `uwuxdeba~_ Sewux-u `Seuwuxda~_ Sewux-eb-u-

(n) `Seswuxebia~...

gardauvali relatiuri zmnebis pirveli TurmeobiTis ya-

libi martivia da is ase gamoiyureba:

I piri: Z-R-u-(n)

II piri: Z-R-u-(n)

III piri: Z-R-u-(n), sadac Z zmniswinia, xolo R _ Temis-

niSniani sayrdeni morfema.

4. absoluturi zmnis pirveli TurmeobiTis warmoebis

mxriv megruli da qarTuli saerTo struqturul modelebs

avlenen: do-War-el-e imave komponentebisgan Sedgeba, risganac

Sedgeba da-wer-il-a(rs), _ orivegan gamoiyofa zmniswini, zmnuri Ziri, mimReobis mawarmoebeli, meSveli zmna.

erTpirian gardauval zmnebs aqvT TurmeobiTi pirvelis

warmoebis erTi wesi; amosavalia mimReobis fuZe.

absoluturi zmnebis pirveli TurmeobiTis yalibi aseTia:

I piri: RM-eq

II piri: RM-eq

III piri: RM-en

RM - mimReobis fuZea, -en _ -oren meSveli zmnis naSTi

(pirvelsa da meore pirSi gvaqvs -eq < voreq / oreq).

70

r a m a z q urd a Z e (Tbilisis sax. universiteti)

dialeqturi leqsikisaTvis m. CitiSvilis poeziaSi

cnobili qarTveli poetis manana CitiSvilis Semoqmedeba

mravalmxrivaa saintereso. upirveles yovlisa igi yuradRebas

iqcevs Tematuri mravalferovnebiTa da enobrivi Tvalsazri-

siT. m. CitiSvilis peoziis enobrivi Tavisebureba poetis

mSobliuri kuTxis, axalgoris qarTlurisaTvis damaxasiaTebe-

li formebis gamoyenebaa, rac gansakuTrebul xibls sZens mis

leqsebs. dialeqtur fonetikur-gramatikul formebTan erTad

yuradRebas iqcevs leqsikac.

m. CitiSvilis leqsebSi mravlad gvxvdeba qarTluri dia-

leqturi leqsika, romelic cnobilia qarTluri dialeqtis sa-

leqsikono masalebis mixedviT: uamurad, nagrili, moiaSre,

CamofSxaluli da sxv.

poetis krebulebSi gvxvdeba qarTluri dialeqturi leq-

sika, romelic gansxvavebuli formiT dasturdeba qarTluri

dialeqtis saleqsikono masalebSi: (moyme) daRurblebuli,

marmarebs, scudabralaob da sxv. aqve warmodgenilia qarTlu-

ri dialeqturi leqsika, romelic gansxvavebuli mniSvnelobe-

biT gvxvdeba qarTluri dialeqtis saleqsikono masalebSi:

amoxeCili (tirili), umsnelad, qoba, moxelva da sxv.

m. CitiSvilis poeziaSi gansakuTrebul yuradRebas iq-

cevs qarTluri dialeqturi leqsika, romelic ucnobia qar-

Tluri dialeqtis saleqsikono masalebis mixedviT: amod, ga-

bediTebiT, Caemkvlela, ubemZime da sxv.

amrigad, m. CitiSvilis poeziaSi dialeqturi leqsikis

gamovlena da Seswavla, erTi mxriv, gaamdidrebs qarTluri di-

aleqtis saleqsikono masalebs da, meore mxriv, mkiTxvels miaw-

vdis poetur krebulebSi dadasturebul dialeqtur sityvaTa

zust mniSvnelobebs.

71

e T e r S e n g e l i a (enaTmecnierebis instituti)

megrul-lazuri wyar-i || wkar-i `wyali~ leqsemebis Semcveli idiomebisaTvis

megruli wyar-i, lazuri wkar-i || wkai || wai `wyali~ aqti-

uria idiomebSi monawileobis TvalsazrisiT. mocemul leqsikur

erTeulTa Semcveli idiomebi gamoxataven sxvadasxva Sinaarss:

siZliere. gamoiyeneba dalocvisa da madlierebis gamosa-

xatavad: megr. wyariSi Zala merCas RoronTq `RmerTma gagaZ-

lieros~, zedmiw. `RmerTma wylis Zala mogces~, laz. wkaris-

Teri imordi zedmiw. `wyaliviT gadiddi, gaaizarde, Sdr.

qarT. RmerTma wylis Zala mogces;

umniSvnelo, arasayuradRebo: megr. wyariSi o�unafali ||

oRalari zedmiw. `wylisTvis gasatanebeli, arasayuradRebo~.

wylis wasaRebi~, laz. wkariq oRmalu _ he koCi wyariq iRams

`is kaci ar aris yuradRebis Rirsi~, zedmiw. `es kaci wyalma

miaqvs~, Sdr. qarT. wyalsac wauRia;

raime uSedego fuWi xarji, Sroma: megr. wyar(i)Sa gi-

norRvafa, zedmiw. `wyalSi gadayra~, laz. wkaiSa obRu, Sdr.

qarT. wyalSi gadayra;

uqmi, fuWi, unayofo saqmianoba: megr. wyariS kakua,

zedmiw. `wylis nayva~. Sdr. qarT. wylis nayva;

mravalmxrivi, ulevi: laz. wkari gza, zedmiw. `wylis gza~;

kargad codna: megr. wyar(i)calo uCqu `kargad, sxapas-

xupiT icis~, Sdr. qarT. wyaliviT icis;

utyuari, swori, marTali: wyari vegTale (iS) naraga-

dus `misi naTqvami utyuaria, sworia, marTalia~, zedmiw. `(mis)

naTqvams wyali ar gauva~, Sdr. qarT. wyali ar gauva.

Zlieri wyurvili: laz. wkari adven `Zalian swyuria~,

zedmiw. `wyali moadga~.

gamoiyofa sxva semantikuri jgufebic.

saanalizo idiomebi yuradRebas iqcevs struqturuli

TvalsazriTac.

72

v a J a S e n g e l i a, c i r a j a n j R a v a (enaTmecnierebis instituti)

megruli xe `xeli~ kompozitebsa da frazeologizmebSi

megrul-lazur xe `xeli~ sityvas Sesatyvisebi eZebneba sxva

qarTvelur enebSi (amosaval fuZed ƒel- miiCneva). xe xSirad

gamoiyeneba megrul kompozitebsa da frazeologizmebSi.

es sityva, Cveulebriv, kompozitis pirveli komponentia, me-

ore komponentad ki arsebiTi da zedsarTavi saxelebi gvxvdeba;

kompozitis SemadgenlobaSi xe an fuZis saxiT warmogvidgeba, an

_ naTesaobiTi brunvis formiT.

xe fuZis saxiTaa warmodgenili: xesqeri `xelbade~, xer-

Svini `damcinavi stvena (xelis gamoyenebiT) da yiJina~ (zedmiw.

`xelstvena~), xeWkudi `xelsawyo~ (zedmiw. `xelWurWeli~), xeSqa-

guri `xelisguli~ (zedmiw. `xelSuaguli~), xemanjRveru `winam-

ZRoli, xelmZRvaneli~ (zedmiw. `xelmZRoli~), xenwyili `movli-

li~ (zedmiw. `xelSewyobili~), xeubonu `mdabio; xeldaubaneli~,

xeubado `xelmrudi~ (zedmiw. `xelboroti~), xewyari `xelze

gadasavlebi wyali~ (zedmiw. `xelwyali~) da sxv.

pirveli komponentia xe sityvis naTesaobiTi brunvis for-

ma: xeSqosali (<*xeSoqosali) `xelsaxoci~, xeSobonu || xeSobo-

ni `xelsabani~, xeSboSi `xelis biWi~, xeSmanwyu || xemanwyu

`xelSemwyobi~, xeSqira `xelfasi~ (zedmiw. `xelis qira~), xeSke-

ti `xelketi~, xeSsqibu `xelis wisqvili~ (zedmiw. `xelis dola-

bi~) da sxv.

yuradRebas iqcevs ori kompoziti:

1. xeSfori `erTi xelis dadeba~ (oTxi TiTis dadebaze

ityvian)... xeS (naT. br.) + zmnuri fuZe for- (`dafarva~);

2. xemiolus `xelmisawvdom, TvalsaCino adgilas~ (zedmiw.

`xelmisasvlels~).

iSviaTad xe kompozitis meore komponentadac SeiZleba mo-

gvevlinos : xvalexe `martoxela~ (zedmiw. `martoxeli~), wkan-

73

tilxe `xelmarjve~ (zedmiw. `koxta, daxvewili xeli~) || xewkan-

tili...

xe mravali frazeologizmis SemadgenlobaSi dasturdeba;

isini warmoadgenen or-, sam- da oTxkomponentian Sesityvebebs.

o r k o m p o n e n t i a n i f r a z e o l o g i z m e b i

xeS geWkurua `gulze xelis dakrefa~

xegorCxilo rina `xelmocarulad yofna~ (zedmiw. `xel-

garecxilad yofna~)

xeSa qaSudoxodu `mtkiced dahpirda~ (zedmiw. `xelSi

Caujda~)

xe guTiru `xeli CamoarTva~ (zedmiw. `xeli gaucvala~)

xeaCilaToro dudval `uadgilo adgilas daudvia~

(zedmiw. `xelacdenilad daudvia~)

da sxv.

s a m k o m p o n e n t i a n i f r a z e o l o g i z m e b i

xeSa sanTeli qaSaWu `gaacura, mSralze datova~ (zed-

miw. `xelSi sanTeli Cauwva~)

SxvaS xes ujine `sxvis imedadaa, sxvis xels Sehyurebs~

pijSa xe veiafore `gaCumeba, Tavis Sekaveba ar SeuZlia~

(zedmiw. `pirs xels ver afarebs~)

arT xeS gedvala `Zalian patara, mcire~ (zedmiw. `erTi

xelis dadeba~)

da sxv.

o T x k o m p o n e n t i a n i f r a z e o l o g i z m e b i

xe do dus guluans `locavs, Zalian efereba~ (zedmiw.

`xels da Tavs Semoavlebs~)

nware xeS minje re `Zlieri dartymis SemZle~ (zedmiw.

`mware xelis patronia~)

xe do kuCxi docimili `davrdomili, davardnili~ (zed-

miw. `xel da fex davardnili~)

da sxv.

74

iSviaTia xuTkomponentiani frazeologizmi: xe do xe

Sqas Curcxinu `SeumCnevlad, uceb waarTva, mohpara~ (zedmiw.

`xel da xel Soris Camoacila~).

aseTia megruli xe sityvis kompozitebsa da frazeolo-

gizmebSi gamoyenebis sqematuri suraTi. komponenturi da se-

mantikuri analizi ufro dawvrilebiT warmodgenili iqneba

moxsenebaSi.

i z a C a n t l a Z e, q e T e v a n m a r g i a n i - s u b a r i,

r u s u d a n i o s e l i a n i , n i n o n a k a n i (enaTmecnierebis instituti)

`zemosvanuri morfemuli leqsikonis~ SeqmnasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi

fonologiur-gramatikul-semantikuri TvalsazrisiT um-

didresi arqauli enis _ svanuris leqsikiT dainteresebas

TiTqmis sami saukunis istoria aqvs, romlis saTaveebTan Tval-

saCino qarTveli Tu ucxoeli mecnierebi, mogzaurebi da dip-

lomatiur korpusTa warmomadgenlebi idgnen...

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis eneTmecnierebis in-

stitutisa Tu ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxel-

mwifo universitetis TanamSromelTa araerTi Taobis naxevar-

saukonovani muxlCauxreli Sromis wyalobiT Seiqmna varlam

Tofurias da maqsime qaldanis fundamenturi `svanuri leqsi-

koni~ (2000 w.), romlis publikaciis Semdgom dRis wesrigSi

dadga e. w. gardamaval dialeqtTa gamowvlilviT Seswavlis sa-

kiTxi. TavisTavad cxadia, upirvelesi yuradReba mieqca qvemos-

vanuris Colurul metyvelebas, romlis Sesaxeb garkveuli wi-

naswari varaudebi araerTxel iyo gamoTqmuli specialur li-

teraturaSi jer kidev XIX-XX saukuneTa mijnaze akademikosebis:

niko maris, akaki SaniZis, varlam Tofurias mier, xolo cnobi-

75

li eTnologisa da sazogado moRvawis _ uSguleli besarion

niJaraZis Sromebis gacnobis Semdeg Cven davinteresdiT zemos-

vanuri gardamavali metyvelebis _ kodoris xeobis zemo wel-

Si saukunenaxevris win Casaxlebul, xSirad erT ojaxSi mcxov-

reb balszemoel da balsqvemoel svanTa enis specifikis Seswav-

liT da 2010 wels gamovaqveyneT rvaasgverdiani, sakmaod didi

formatis mqone wigni `kodoruli qronikebi~, romelic gansa-

kuTrebiT Tanamedrove politikuri viTarebisTvisaa monumen-

turi _ am publikaciiT Cven faqtobrivad gadavarCineT isto-

riuli samkvidrodan 2008 wels cnobili samxedro bataliebis

Semdgom gamoZevebuli mosaxleobis metyveleba.

afxazuri, megruli da rusuli enebis garemocvaSi fun-

qcionirebuli svanuri Zalze saintereso aRmoCnda rogorc dig-

losiis, ise bilingvizmis TvalsazrisiT, ramac asaxva hpova Cvens

koleqtiur naSromSi _ mdinare kodoris zemo welis _ e. w.

`dalis svaneTis~ mosaxleobis enis specifikisadmi miZRvnil pir-

vel da jerjerobiT ukanasknel samecniero publikaciaSi.

48 fonemis Semcveli ena, bunebrivia, garkveul kiTxvebs,

upirveles yovlisa, badebs e. w. Sejvarebul metyvelebaSi, sa-

dac wina planze wamoiwia uamrav teqstSi Semavali leqsikis

morfemebad segmentaciis sakiTxma, ramac mniSvnelovani sirTu-

leebis winaSe dagvayena; amitom gadavwyviteT Segveqmna `zemos-

vanuri morfemuli leqsikoni~, romlis gamosacemad momzadeba

daafinansa saqarTvelos mecnierebisa da ganaTlebis saminis-

trosTan arsebulma erovnulma samecniero fondma. ukve erTi welia vmuSaobT am mimarTulebiT. Tavis droze qarTvelur enaTa leqsikis Seswavlas gansa-

kuTrebuli yuradReba miaqcies SesaniSnavma germanelma mecnie-

reba. marto gerhardt deetersis, karl horst Smidtis, vin-

frid boederisa da hainc fenrixis dasaxelebac ki sruliad

sakmarisi iqneboda am mxriv. amJamadac vagrZelebT didebul

komparativistTa tradiciebs da frankfurtis iohan volfgang

goeTes universitetis empiriuli lingvistikis institutis

direqtorTan _ profesor iost gipertTan erTad Shooboxs-

76

isa Tu Toolbox-is kompiuteruli programebis gamoyenebiT va-

muSavebT yvela dRemde cnobil zemosvanur publikacias (kargi

iqneba, Tu qarTvelologTa sxva jgufi am TvalsazrisiT, Co-

luruli metyvelebis Seswavlis procesSi Seqmnis `qvemosvanur

morfemul leqsikons~).

mTeli zemosvanuri prozauli teqstebi Cveni daxmarebiT

iost gipertma warmoadgina indeqsis saxiT, romelsac vumatebT

kodorul masalebs arnold Ciqobavas saxelobis eneTmecniere-

bis institutis mTavari kompiuteristis levan vaSakiZis Car-

Tvis wyalobiT am metad mniSvnelovan saqmeSi. garda amisa, var-

lam Tofurias `svanuri zmnidan~ (romelic 1931 wlis Semdeg

qarTvel Tu ucxoel qarTvelologTa samagido wignia dRemde) qeTevan margianma-subarma amowera yvela zmnis yvela mwkri-vis samive pirisa da orive ricxvis gramatikuli formebi Tu nairnairi fonetikuri variantebi (maT ricxvs ra dalevs

umlautis, xmovanTa sigrZisa Tu danarCen qarTvelur enebTan

SedarebiT ufro mkveTrad gamoxatuli reduqciis mqone ena-

Si!), romlebic Cveni momavali leqsikonis anbanTrigSi CarTo

iost gipertma, anu Seasrula urTulesi samecniero da kompi-

uteruli samuSaoebi.

rogorc iqna, uamrav problemas Tavi davaRwieT da axla

kidev axalma sirTulem iCina Tavi: abreviaturasTan `ix.~ (ixi-

le), TavisTavad cxadia, rogorc es nebismieri leqsikonisTvi-

saa damaxasiaTebeli, mivuTiTebT amosaval ZiriTad formebs,

anu mTavar sityva-statiebs, Tumca zogjer es amosavali mona-

cemi SesaZloa naklebad iyos gavrcelebuli erT romelime di-

aleqtSi, magram axasiaTebdes sxva dialeqts. vTqvaT, rogori

fiqsireba sjobs: ÉÙÒêË <* É-ÙÄÒ-ÀË-À _ ÌÙÄÒÏÃÀ (ÞÅ. Ø. `É-ÌÙÄÒ-

Ã-À~) ÃÀ ÉÙÒêËÃÀ<*É-ÙÄÒ-ÀË-À-Ã-À Éá. ÉÙÒêË ÈÖ ÉÙÒêË Éá.

ÉÙÒêËÃÀ? ukanaskneli tipis namyo usruli dRes Zalze gavrce-

lebulia svanuri enis balszemour kiloSi.

msgavsi sakiTxebi dgas: umlautTan, disimilaciasTan, so-

nantebTan, bruneba-uRvlilebis, ricxvisa da sxva mawarmoeb-

lebTan, agreTve `mca~ Tu sxvaTa sityvis gadmomcem nawilakeb-

Tan dakavSirebiT.

77

Zvel svanur simRerebSi xSirad daculia amosavali for-

mebi _ mivuTiToT Tu ara isini `zemosvanur morfemul leqsi-

konSi~? cnobilia, rom xalxuri poeziis enaSi yovelTvis er-

TmaneTs ar emTxveva teqstis Caweris geografiul-qronologi-

uri sivrce da savaraudo dialeqturi situacia.

vin icis, kidev ramden dabrkolebas wavawydebiT momavali

ori wlis manZilze, magram, miuxedavad amisa, mainc Cven unda

SevqmnaT pirveli morfemuli leqsikoni svanuri enis masalebis

mixedviT, diax, swored Cven! _ akaki SaniZis, arnold Ciqobavas,

varlam Tofurias da givi maWavarianis mowafeebma.

i z a C a n t l a Z e (enaTmecnierebis instituti),

n a r g i z b e r i Z e (baTumis universiteti),

a k a k i b e r i Z e (baTumis universiteti)

ramdenime daavadebis aRmniSvneli erTi terminis semantikur-struqturuli analizi qarTul naturmedicinaSi (istoriuli da Tanamedrove dasavleTi saqarTvelo)

samkurnalo flora-faunisa Tu daavadebaTa nominaciebSi

gvxvdeba iseTi SemTxvevebi, rodesac aRsaniSnsa da aRmniSvnel

sistemebSi Cveulebrivi mimarTebani ar dasturdeba, anu ramde-

nime mcenare, cxoveli an daavadeba gamoixateba erTi da imave

leqsemiT da piriqiT _ ramdenime terminiT aRiniSneba erTi

da igive obieqti. cxadia, es situacia arc mxolod saqarTve-

los exeba da arc martooden qarTul enas.

amjerad Cven davinteresdiT terminiT `mjdomi~, romelic

daavadebis saxelwodebad gvxvdeba rogorc originalur, ise

naTargmn Zvel teqstebsa Tu leqsikonebSi, agreTve, Tanamedro-

ve dialeqtebSi.

bibliis erT-erT qarTul TargmanSi vkiTxulobT: `ZuZu-

78

sa Cemsa mjdomi mazis, romelsa hrqÂan kirCxibi~, xolo giorgi

merCules cnobili Txzulebidan (951 w.) aSkaraa, rom `sa-

tliT~ daavadebul erT-erT bers grigol xanZTelma garkveu-

li qirurgiuli manipulacia Cautara (m. Sengelia) _ `netar-

man grigol Zlierad sca xeliTa TÂsTa adgilsa mas, sadac iyo

mjdomi igi~.

orive ilustraciidan Cans, rom `mjdomi~ raRac `muwu-

kia~ an `simsivne~. sulxan-saba orbelianis `sityvis konaSi~

warmodgenili ganmartebis (1716-1725 w. w.) mixedviT, Cveni saa-

nalizo termini `SiganSi didi muwukia~. igive situaciaa dRes

qarTuli enis fSaur dialeqtSic (T. gogolauri).

daviT CubinaSvilis `qarTul-rusul leqsikonSi~ (1887

w.) erTmaneTisganaa diferencirebuli faqtobrivad erTi da

imave sityvis sxvadasxva forma _ cxadia, ganmartebebic gansxva-

vebulia:

• m-jd-om-i, m-jd-om-ar-eb-a (`didi muwuki Sinagan, mar-

guli _ нарывъ~);

• m-jd-om-i (`tyirpis dakvra _ завалъ; засорение

желудка~).

niko CubinaSvilis `rusul-qarTul leqsikonSi~ (1812-

1832 w. w.), romelSic aleqsandre puSkinis moRvaweobamdeli

rusulia warmodgenili, Завал asea axsnili: `Segubeba, Seyeneba

sisxlisa mcemels ZarRvebsa Sina, anu nazlisa (= naxvelisa)

gulzed mowola~, xolo Засорение желудка, mecnierebis ara-

erT dargSi Rrmad ganswavluli leqsikografis azriT, `nawye-

nobaa~ (anu Rebineba, kuWis aSla), magram n. CubinaSvils ra-

tomRac `gulzed nawyenoba~ aqvs qarTul TargmanSi (Sdr. `gu-

lis areva~).

maSasadame, Zvel saqarTveloSi aSkarad gamoikveTa leqse-

ma {m}jdomi oTxi daavadebis aRmniSvnelad; 1. muwuki; 2. sim-

sivne, kibo; 3. gulis daavadeba; 4. pirRebineba, kuWis aSla.

`grigol xanZTelis cxovrebaSivea~ warmodgenili `mjdomis~

sinonimebi kurTxeuli (kxl) da satali (`Zuelad hrqÂan~-o, aR-

niSnulia TxzulebaSi). pirveli maTgani TiTqmis yvela Zvel

79

qarTul teqstSi (sadac ki xeli migviwvda) gamoiyeneba `da-

locvilis, gandidebulis, Sevedrebulis, saeklesio wesebis Se-

srulebiT damtkicebulis, pativcemulisa Tu nebadarTulis~

mniSvnelobiT. xevsurul dialeqtSi dakurTxveuli `micvale-

bulisTvis Sewiruli ramaa~ (Sdr. sakurTxi mTel saqarTvelo-

Si), magram rom es termini daavadebazec miuTiTebda, amas gvi-

dasturebs svanuri i-kurTx-ðn-iël (`iklakneba, farTxalebs,

asavsavebs xelebs~) da megruli i-kvarTx-al-u{n} (`farTxa-

lebs, ikrunCxeba~) zmnebi. svanurSivea i-kìTx-an-ól (`sikvdilis

pirasaa~) leqsemac, romelic ara mxolod semantikurad, aramed

fonetikuradac SeiZleba davukavSiroT i-kurTx-ðn-iël’s (so-

noris inlautSi dakargva sakompensacio sigrZis SedegiT, um-

lautizebuli -æi- kompleqsisgan delabializaciiT -i- xmovnis

miReba da -ól-/-iël- sufiqsTa monacvleoba Cveulebrivi mo-

vlenaa svanurSi).

aWarul dialeqtSi (SesaZloa tao-klarjul metyveleba-

Sic) dakurTxuli `jadoTi daavadebuls~ niSnavs, magram ma-

RalmTiani aWaris zogierT sofelSi am sityvis nacvlad da-

koW-v-il-i ixmareba, romelic xevsureTSi `eSmakisagan sulwa-

mayrili qalia~ (a. SaniZe), anu `Sepyrobilia _ eSmakeuli sne-

ulebiTaa daavadebuli~ (n. mindaZe), e. i. suliT avadmyofia an

epilefsia aqvs; amgvar avadmyofebs (Cveulebriv, qalebs... mama-

kacebsac, oRond Zalze iSviaTad!) egzorcizmis, vedrebis ri-

tualebi utardebodaT jvar-xatebsa (mTaSi) da eklesia-monas-

trebSi (barSi), raTa exsnaT isini avi sulebisagan.

sagulisxmoa, rom kîrTx/kîlTx- Ziri swored `Sebor-

kils, gaTokils~ (lu-kîr / lTx-ðn)’ac aRniSnavs svanurSi, xo-

lo li-kurTx-an-êl `qalTa Seborkvis dResaswaulis~ gamo-

mxatvelia. es sityva, oRond araavadmyofobis mniSvnelobiT

dadasturebulia erTi ZvelisZveli svanuri xalxuri simReris

teqstSi (aznaæir aram-Cxaram ikulTxðni _ aznauri rva-cxras

borkavs), romelic Cawerilia 1923 wels mestiis raionis so-

fel lenjerSi.

maSasadame, `kurTxeulis~ mraval mniSvnelobaTagan `Se-

80

vedrebuli~ da `Seborkili~ safuZvlad daedo sulierad da

epilefsiiT daavadebulTa semantikis gamoxatvas, magram `gri-

gol xanZTelis cxovrebaSi~ iseT konteqstSia warmodgenili

`kurTxeuli~ (jdomi’sa da satali’s gverdiT), rom safiqrebe-

lia igi `did Cirqovan muwuks~ niSnavdes.

maRalmTian aWaraSi jdomi dRes mxolod gulis daavade-

bas aRniSnavs _ avadmyofs woliT mdgomareobaSi yofna ar Se-

uZlia da amitomac dRe-Ramis umetes nawils skamze an savar-

ZelSi atarebs _ maSasadame, saanalizo termini motivirebu-

lia realuri viTarebiT.

istoriuladac aseTi viTareba rom iyo, amaze miuTiTebs

profesor r. surmaniZis mier qedis raionis sofel dandaloSi

aRmoCenili `mcire karabadinis~ (XVIII s.) teqsti, sadac `jdomis

xvelis~ tradiciuli meTodiT mkurnalobis wesebia miTiTebu-

li (r. surmaniZe).

aqve SeiZleba gavixsenoT mTel saqarTveloSi farTod gavr-

celebuli sintagma gulamomjdari (`sunTqvaSekruli) tiris~.

sagulisxmoa, rom {m}jdomi’s semantikis sapirispiro ter-

minic arsebobs fSav-xevsureTSi, romelic fsiqonervuli daava-

debis aRmniSvnelia. esaa m-wol-el-a `majlajuna~ (Cveulebriv,

axalmTvareobis periodSi); `majlajuna daawvebao~ maSin ambo-

ben, roca aseTi avadmyofi SemaZrwunebel sizmars naxavs, ris

gamoc suli exuTeba da sunTqva ekvris, am dros mas hgonia,

rom avi suli (uxilavi Zala) eWideba, romelsac misi waqceva,

daxrCoba da gadagdeba unda, amitomac sikvdilis SiSi

ipyrobs.

saqarTveloSi saxalxo mkurnals yovelTvis udides pa-

tivs scemdnen, am mxriv gansakuTrebiT dastaqars gamoarCevdnen

xolme _ svaneTSi mas `miwis RmerTs~ uwodebdnen, sxvagan ki _

`jaraeqims~, rac e. w. abreSumis gziT arabeTidan Semosuli

`saaqimo~ leqsikis asaxva Cans.

Tu naturmedicinas Zveli avtoriteti daubrundeba, ma-

Sin, TavisTavad cxadia, samedicino terminologiis kvlevis sa-

qme ufro win waiwevs da amdeni siWrelec aRar gveqneba.

81

i r i n e C a C a n i Z e (quTaisis universiteti)

etimologiuri definiciebi Tedo saxokias TxzulebaSi `mogzaurobani~

qarTveli mwerali, mTargmneli, eTnografi da leqsikogra-

fi Tedo saxokia im qarTvel mogzaurTa ricxvs ekuTvnis, romlis

Txzuleba `mogzaurobani~ (1896-1903) erT-erT saukeTeso wyaros

warmoadgens saqarTvelos da kavkasiis istoriisaTvis.

TxzulebaSi, romelSic avtori cocxal eTnografiul si-

namdviles asaxavs, vxvdebiT saintereso da sagulisxmo cnobebs

guriis, aWaris, samurzayanosa da afxazeTis xalxis adaT-wese-

bis, religiis, enebis, eTnografiuli yofis, bunebis da sxvaTa

Sesaxeb.

naSromSi CarTulia vrceli istoriuli eqskursebi,

romelSic avtori mogviTxrobs kavkasiisa da, kerZod, saqarTve-

los istoriul warsulsa da mis mdidar kulturul memkvid-

reobaze. Tedo saxokia uxvad iyenebs rogorc sxvis mier mona-

Txrob ambebs, aseve ucxoel mogzaurTa Canawerebsa da evropa-

Si arsebul samecniero literaturas saqarTvelos kuTxeebis

da qarTuli kulturis Sesaxeb.

CvenTvis gansakuTrebiT faseulia saenaTmecniero xasia-

Tis informacia. niSandoblivia, rom TxzulebaSi avtori sa-

qarTvelos qalaqebis, soflebis, mTebisa da tbebis saxelwode-

baTa etimologiur definiciebs gvawvdis, rac, rasakvirvelia,

uaRresad faseul informacias warmoadgens.

sailustraciod gTavazobT ozurgeTis saxelwodebis

etimologiur axsna - ganmartebas:

`amboben, osmalos jari Zvel droSi ozurgeTamde Tu mo-

atanda, amas iqiT ki siaruli ar SeeZlo, radgan gurulebs am

adgilas zurgi yovelTvis magrad hqondaT, mteri veras akleb-

dao. am naambobis Semdeg ufro safuZveli eZleva am qalaqis

megrul saxelwodebas. prebiqsi o, romelic emateba sityvas

TavSi, udris qarTul sa-s, magaliTad, megruli o-siminde _

82

qarTuli sa-siminde, o-SureTi _ sasuleTi (saiqio) da sxv.

agreTve o-zurgeTi igive sazurgeTia. am azrisaa ozurgeTis

saxelwodebis Sesaxeb istorikosi m. janaSvilic~.

ძდ, საქთველოს ისტორიულ წარსულსა და მის მდიდარ კულტურულ

მემკვიდრეობაზე. Aადრიან ბალბი უხვად იყენებს როგორც სხვის

მიერ მონათხრობ ამბებს, ასევე უცხზაურთა ქართული კულტურის შე m al x a z Co x a r a Z e , T a m a r C o x ar a Z e (baTumis universiteti) qarTuli ena Tanamedrove TurqeTSi

administraciulad TurqeTis teritoria dayofilia 81

provinciad (ilad). provinciebi Tavis mxriv gaerTianebulia 7

regionSi: regionebad dayofa pirobiTia, mxolod fizikur ge-

ografias efuZneba da administraciuli datvirTva ar gaaCnia.

yoveli provincia dayofilia raionebad (ilCeebad), TurqeTSi

sul 923 raionia.

qarTvelebi saxloben Semdeg provinciebSi: arTvini, or-

du, qojaeli, saqaria, bursa, trapzoni, rize, stamboli, bali-

qesiri, duzje, samsuni, giresuni, ToqaTi, amasia, sinopi, bolu,

bilejiqi, ialova da a.S.

roca qarTuli enis geografiaze vsaubrobT, unda aRi-

niSnos, rom TurqeTis Sida provinciebSi upiratesad me-19 sa-

ukunis 70-iani wlebis bolos da 80-ianis dasawyisSi gaxiznul-

Ta dasaxlebebia. SigadaSig waawydebi pirveli msoflio omis

periodSi, aseve saqarTveloSi bolSevikebis Semosvlis Semdeg

(me-20 saukunis 20-iani wlebi) gadasaxlebulebsac.

rac Seexeba arTvinis provincias, igi istoriuli samxreT

saqarTvelos nawilia da moicavs klarjeTis, SavSeTis da taos

`qveynebs~. nawilobriv, lazeTsac. Tanamedrove samxreT saqar-

Tvelos samwuxaro sinamdvile ki isaa, rom mSobliurma enam

aSkarad daTmo poziciebi. qarTuli ena ician mxolod imerxe-

vis ocdaTxuTmetamde sofelSi livanisa da murRulis ormo-

ciode sofelSi, zeda maWaxlis eqvsiode sofelSi (maWaxeli

83

dRemde iTvleba CveneburebSi qarTvelobis etalonad) da taos

sam sofelSi. amdenad, mTels tao-klarjeTSi qarTuli oTxmo-

cdaaTamde sofelSiRa ician. es aris da es: sul raRac aTi

Tu oci procenti amodena teritoriisa, iqneb arc amdeni!

amasTan, mSobliur enaze saubrobs mxolod saSualo da

ufrosi Taoba. daaxloebiT analogiuri viTarebaa istoriul

lazeTSi da muhajirTa STamomavlebiT dasaxlebul provinciebSi.

muhajirTa STamomavlebis yvelaze mravalricxovani dasax-

lebebi TurqeTis Savi zRvis da marmarilos zRvis regionebSia.

Savi zRvis regionSi 18 provinciaa. qarTulenovani da-

saxlebebi met-naklebi raodenobiT aris amasiis, bolus, duz-

jes, ordus, samsunis, sinopis, ToqaTis da sxva provinciebSi.

maTgan yvelaze meti orduSia.

marmarilos zRvis regionSi 11 provincia Sedis. maTgan

gurjebis kompaqtur dasaxlebaTa simravliT gamoirCeva bursas,

saqarias da qojaelis provinciebi. qarTuli soflebi sxva pro-

vinciebSicaa.

mTel TurqeTSi qarTuli enis Sesaxeb zogadad SeiZleba

iTqvas, rom: a) sagrZnoblad gaRaribebulia leqsika; b) leqsi-

kaSi gazrdilia Turqizmebis wili; g) iSviaTad Sexvdebi axali

Taobis warmomadgenels, mSobliuri ena rom icodes: rogorc

aRvniSneT, saSualo da umcrosi asakis ymawvilebma aRar ician

qarTuli.

m e r a b C u x u a (enaTmecnierebis instituti)

vnebiTobis -an sufiqsisaTvis megrul-lazurSi

gvaris kategoria sazogadod morfologiuri niSnebiT

aris gamoxatuli zanurSi. vnebiTi gvaris gamosaxatavad speci-

alur literaturaSi gamoyofilia sxvadasxva niSnebi, ZiriTa-

dad, konfiqsuri:

84

i _ e: i-Úar-e-n `iwereba; SeiZleba daiweros~

i _ u: i-Úar-u-n `iwereba~

a _ e: a-Úar-e-n `ewereba; SeiZleba daiweros~

a _ u: a-Úar-u-n `ewereba~

o _ u: o-Cqar-u-n `eCqareba~

dadasturebulia aseve qarTuliseburi d-iani vnebiTis

SemTxvevebi megrulSic da lazurSic: mo-Gor-d-u-n `tyuvde-

ba~...

magram aqamde specialuri msjelobis sagani jerac ar ga-

mxdara lazuri vi-i-mÚiT-an-e-r `vwiTldebi~ tipis -an sufiqsi-

ani vnebiTebi kolxurSi, romelic masdarebSic iCens Tavs:

laz. o-ÚiT-an-u `gawiTleba~, o-Gul-an-u `gamrudeba~, o-

farT-an-u `gafarToeba~..., Sdr. megr. Gul-an-u-a, farT-an-u-a

(o-farT-an-u) → aoristi: i-Gul-an-u `gamrudda~, i-farT-an-u

`gafarTovda~...

egeve -an unda Candes megrulis im formebSic, roca or-

magi sufiqsacia dasturdeba: ÚiT-on-d-u(n) ← ÚiT-an-d-u-gn

`wiTldeba~, ÚiÚ-or-d-u(n) ← *ÚiÚ-an-d-u-n `gulze skdeba~, sis-

on-d-u(n) ← *sis-an-d-u-n `Cumdeba~!... vfiqrobT, es -no (← *-

an) Seefardeba lazuris v-i-mÚiT-an-e-r `vwiTldebi~ tipis -an

sufiqsian vnebiTebs da a → o asimilaciuri Cans, awmyos gan-

grZobiTobis momdevno -u sufiqsis zegavleniT ganviTarebuli.

zanurSi -an-iani vnebiTis korelati Cans -in-iani moqmede-

biTi imave fuZeebSi, Sdr. megruli: o-ÚiT-in-uan-s `awiTlebs~

~ ÚiT-on-d-u(n) ← *ÚiT-an-du-n (laz. i-ÚiT-an-e-n) `wiTldeba~,

rac svanurSi gamovlenili i ~ e ablautis tolfasad gveCvene-

ba: svan. dig-e `aqrobs~ ~ deg-en-i `qreba~. amavdroulad, deg-

en-i formaSi gamovlenili -en zanurSi Cven mier gamoyofili

-an-is zusti fonetikur-morfologiuri Sesatyvisi unda iyos

_ svan. -en : zan. -an.

rac Seexeba megrulis a-ÚiT-ar-en-s º a-ÚiT-or-en-s `awiT-

lebs~ formebs, aq gamonawevrebuli -or →º -ar warmoSobiT

odnaobiTi xarisxis -or-a sufiqsis naSTi unda iyos (laz. do-

mÚiT-or-a ~mowiTalo~), romlis semantika TvalnaTliv cxadde-

85

ba megrulis ginˆmi-ÚiT-or-u-an-s `waiwiTlebs~ tipis derivaci-

aSi da araferi aqvs saerTo qarTulis -el (wiT-el-) sufiqs-

Tan (Sdr. k. danelia), Sdr. svan. -ara : wˆrni-ara `mowiTalo~,

T…eT…eni-ara `moTeTro~...

calke (specialur) ganxilvas saWiroebs -aT sufiqsiani

vnebiTebi megrul-lazurSi: laz. m-a-mCxv-aT-u `damcxa~, megr.

de-monk-aT-u `dafexmZimda~...

n a n a c e c xl a Z e (baTumis universiteti)

mimReoba klarjulSi

klarjuli kilo yuradRebas iqcevs mimReobur formaTa

TaviseburebebiT. formobrivma analizma gviCvena, rom bevri

forma arqauli warmoebisaa, zogi kidev dialeqtizmia da uSu-

alod ukavSirdeba am kuTxisTvis damaxasiaTebel Tavisebure-

bebs zmnis Temis niSnis xmarebisas.

klarjelTa metyvelebaSi upiratesoba eniWeba mimReobis

prefiqs-sufiqsian warmoebas, sufiqsianis nacvlad: damWirve-

li, mcodneli...es ukanaskneli forma dasturdeba saSuali

qarTulis ZeglebSi: `visramiansa~ da `yaramanianSi~. amave rigi-

saa saobieqto mimReobani: Sesakereli da dasakleli.

prefiqsuli warmoebis gaarsebiTebuli mimReoba naTesavi

aq warmodgenilia monaTes formiT, romelic dialeqtizmad mi-

gvaCnia, radgan es sityva ar dasturdeba arc Zvel qarTulSi

da arc axalSi.

zogjer gvxvdeba supleturi warmoebac: navlilSi pre-

fiqsica gvaqvs da sufiqsic da orive namyo droze miuTiTebs.

iSviaTi formaa ReWebuli, mis zmnur fuZeSi Temis eb niSani

saliteraturo qarTulSi ar dasturdeba, klarjulSi zmnaSi-

caa da mimReobaSic: kevi ReWebda, ReWebuli gadaylurwebda...

klarjul kilokavSi mimReobur formaTa Taviseburebani

86

ZiriTadad sufiqsur warmoebas ukavSirdeba. arqaizmebia moRa-

luli da daWiruli.

dasaxluli da dabaduli meore seriis fuZis (eb Temis

niSnis uqonlobiTaa) gamoyenebiTaa sayuradRebo.

arqaizmebia sufiqsur mimReobur formaTa erTi nawili,

romlebic sawyisis fuZidanaa nawarmoebi: gadnobili, daJdo-mili, gamocxobili...

oden sufiqsur warmoebas zogjer prefiqs-sufiqsiani

warmoeba cvlis: il sufiqsis nacvlad gvaqvs m-ar konfiqsi: damrCali...

klarjulis gamokveTili Taviseburebaa il / ul sufiqs-

Ta ganawileba saobieqto mimReobebSi. am sufiqsTa monacvleo-

ba istoriuli faqtia, magram am kilokavSi il iWers ul-is

adgils: moklili, moxrakili, dadebili, Caflili, dargili,

CaWixtili, dasaxlili... zogjer amgvar formaTa axsna SesaZ-

lebelia awmyos fuZis TaviseburebebiT: klis, isvenis, flis...

arqaizmebia aseve av TemisniSnian zmnaTagan il sufiqsiT

nawarmoeb mimReobebSi v-s povniereba: Sewuxvili, Sewvili,

dawvili (Sdr.: Zv. Wurvili, SeuRlvili). analogiuri for-

mebi Semonaxulia xevsurulSic.

il sufiqsis nacvlad ul- i iSviaTad gvaqvs: moyvanu-li...

il-ul sufiqsTa ufunqcio monacvleoba iSviaTia: dana-yuli// danayili...

amgvari mimReoba xSirad gamoiyeneba Sedgenili Semasmen-

lis saxelad nawiladac: gaxdila, dawvila, daJdomila.

uaryofiT mimReobaTagan sainteresoa ormagad nawarmoe-

bi formebi: uduunaxveli, uguukeTebeli... udawolili da

misTana formebi warTqmiTi mimReobis formaze u prefiqsis

darTviTaa miRebuli.

mimReoba klarjul metyvelebaSi Zalian xSirad gamoiyene-

ba zmnur fuZeTa sawarmoebladac. tanulobs, gebulobs, cno-

bilobs, paijulobs, tkenulobs, wyenulobs da a. S. forme-

bi am kuTxis metyvelebis arsebiTi Taviseburebaa.

87

m e r i c i n c a Z e , m a i a b a r a m i Z e (baTumis universiteti)

klarjulis leqsikidan

klarjulis leqsikaSi gvxvdeba sityvebi, romelTac sali-

teraturo qarTulsa da mis sxva dialeqtebSi cnobil mniSvne-

lobaTagan gansxvavebuli mniSvnelobac aqvT.

gamovyofT leqsikur erTeulebs, romlebic Turqulis

kalkebs warmoadgenen.

cxovrebis mniSvnelobiT gamoiyeneba sicocxle, co-

cxloba: [Svilebi] erTi agze cocxlobs, erTic _ borCxaSi;

imis mere vcocxlobT aqaurobaSi; RmerTma kai sicocxle mo-

gces, sicocxloba maq.

amave mniSvnelobiT farTod aris gavrcelebuli jdoma,

dajdoma. konteqstis mixedviT sxvadasxva mwkrivis formebiT:

arTvin vzivar; izmiT zis; baTum zixarT? borCxas vijeqi aT

weliwad; stambul vikiTxe, izmiTSi davjeqi; axlandeli zlebi

ar dajdebian dedamTilis erTad.

carieli cnobili mniSvnelobis garda aRniSnavs Tavisu-

fals (samsaxurisagan, swavlisagan): carieli davrCi, amovel

borCxaSi; meqTebis dawyebamde carieli varTo, Camovde’da; is

carielia zaTi, bevrs ar isaqmavs.

Tvis mniSvnelobiT klarjulSi gvxvdeba Tvarec(<mTva-

re): erTi kilo TuTuni erTi Tvare meyofa; biWi askerSia,

TuTxmeti Tvare darCeba; arc martma gamaxara, arc aprilis

Tvarema.

bankSi fulis Senaxva gadmoicema gamoTqmiT: faris da-

wvena: me emeqli var, davawvine fara. dajdomas aqvs sxva mniSvnelobac - gasaTxovari qalis mi-

svla sasurveli mamakacis ojaxSi colad, `qalad dajdoma~: ai

qali movda, dajda, amis qali'da(=coli) gavxdeo.

dajdoma am mniSvnelobiT axla TiTqmis aRar ixmareba,

radgan TviT es movlena ar xdeba. adre, uwin aWaraSic Zveli am-

bebis mTxrobelTagan xSirad gaigonebdiT: `imas qali duuJdao~.

88

klarjulSi xSirad ixmareba SeSa// SiSa xis mniSvnelobi-

Tac. SeSa // SiSa umetesad aRniSnavs moWril, masalad gamosa-

yenebel xes. Cveulebrivia SiSis skami, SiSis kovzi, SeSis

uro. xe gamoiyeneba mcenaris aRsaniSnavad: mocvi ori Tulia,

erTi dabalia, erTi xezea; xec `kakalia~ da saWmelic `kaka-

lia~; erT gzaze xe Samohyria, uTqmia am xeze gadio; imxela

xeebi yofila.

iSviaTad ixmareba xe masalis mniSvnelobiT: xes(xis) sa-

xlia; jilRiT davTesdiT, jilRa xis iyo.

cecxli aRniSnavs naRverdals: imas ukan(=imis Semdeg)

cecxli'da daayaro; saj daaxurevden, daayriden cecxli, gamo-

cxveboda Wadi.

TiTqos ucnauria, rom Taobis mniSvnelobiT gamoiyeneba

muceli: didvanebidan gagonili maq: sami muceli gameicva-

los'na, imis mere SeiZleba... deidaSvilebSi naTxovnoba. igu-lisxmeba, rom sami Taobis Semdeg, meoTxe TaobaSi SeiZleba na-

Tesavebis qorwineba.

qarTuli dialeqtebis sinonimebi dagva da daxveta

klarjulSi niuansobrivad gansxvavebulia _ dagva gamoiyeneba

mxolod dasufTavebis mniSvnelobiT: dayare, ra uSavs, me dav-

gvi; Sdr.: gadmovxvet, gadmovxvet, Tovli didia. igulisxmeba

Senobis saxuravidan Tovlis gadmoyra.

saliteraturo qarTulisa da misi sxva dialeqtebisagan

gansxvavebiT, klarjulSi (saerTod samxrul metyvelebaSi) mi-

rTmeva aRniSnavs zogadad Wamas: gogos saxSi saWmel miarTva-

ven; hem vWamT, Zroxasac mivarTvavT; saWmeli ar mogarTva, mo-

gixdeba? Cven iqa movdeT, ar momarTmevT rames?

mirTmeva samxrul metyvelebaSi (klarjeTSic) ar aris

mokrZalebis, pativiscemis gamomxatveli. stumrebisadmia mimar-

Tuli klarjis Semdegi frazebi: WameT da ise dawereT; axali

mowyvetilia, WameT; WameT da mas ukan weiT.

SevniSnavT, rom pativiscemis gamosaxatavad Wamis, mi-

rTmevis mniSvnelobiT aWarulis qobuleTur kilokavSi, iSvia-

Tad samxrulSi gamoiyeneba bZane(< brZaneT), romelic samecni-

89

ero literaturaSi Turqulis kalkad miiCneva. sainteresoa,

rom es sityva mirTmevis mniSvnelobiT gvxvdeba `rusudaniansa~

da `amirandarejanianSi~.

n i no c i x i S v ili (Tbilisi)

I TurmeobiTis warmoeba fSaurSi 1. I TurmeobiTi III seriis erT-erTi ZiriTadi mwkrivia, ro-

melic gamoxatavs warsulSi momxdar TxrobiTi kilos unaxavi

aqtis moqmedebas. aseTi moqmedeba gaTvaliswinebulia Sedegis

mixedviT an sxvisgan aris gagonili. igi `Turmes~ gagebas Sei-

cavs. aqedan momdinareobs mwkrivis saxelwodebac.

2. I TurmeobiTi mkafiod gamoxatuli mwkrivia Zvel qar-

TulSi, sadac gamoiyofa oTxi damoukidebeli uRvlilebis

qvejgufi. esenia: a) -av da -am TemisniSniani zmnebi; b) `damiwe-

ries~ tipis sxva gardamavali zmnebi; g) erTpiriani zmnebi (gan-

mtfar var); d) orpiriani gardauvali zmnebi (damviwyebies).

3. I TurmeobiTi produqtiuli mwkrivia axal qarTulSi.

aq igi Zveli qarTulisagan gansxvavebulad iwarmoeba. Tumca

aqac gamorCeulia -av da -am TemisniSniani zmnebis uRleba.

4. Taviseburia I TurmeobiTis warmoeba fSaurSi. am dia-

leqtSi aRniSnuli mwkrivis warmoeba ar aris arc Zveli da

arc axali saliteraturo qarTulis analogiuri. aq -av da -am

TemisniSnian zmnaTa yalibiT iwarmoeba uTemisniSno da sxva

Tematuri sufiqsebiT gaformebuli gardamavali zmnebi. gvxvde-

ba, wauyvanav-wauyvanavis, mauklav-mauklavis paraleluri

formebi. dasturdeba ormagi TemisniSniani I TurmeobiTic (ma-

uqvivnebav).

5. es Tavisebureba sainterosod aris warmodgenili

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos barSi emigrirebuli fSavlebis Tana-

medrove metyvelebaSi.

90

r o i n W i k a Z e (Telavis universiteti)

winadadebis intonaciur _ eqspresiuli aqtualizacia (Signikaxuris enobrivi masalis mixedviT)

metyvelebis procesSi winadadebis struqturuli da az-

robriv-Sinaarseuli aqtualizebis saSualebebia: a) intonacia;

b) sityvaTganlageba; g) leqsikuri aqtualizatorebi. amaTgan

`intonacias ara marto gamoxatvis funqcia aqvs dakisrebuli,

aramed Tavisi Sinaarsic aqvs, rogorc winadadebis struqtu-

ris aucilebel komponents~ (s.JRenti). amitomacaa, rom `into-

nacia winadadebaSi Semaval sityvaTa erT enobriv erTeulad

gamTlianebis erT-erTi safuZvelia~ (l.kvaWaZe). amasTanave, in-

tonacia winadadebis struqturuli aqtualizaciis efeqturi

saSualebaa. `aqtualizebis gareSe winadadeba mxolod formob-

riv erTeulTa nakrebi, struqturuli formula iqneba~ (a. da-

viTiani). intonaciiT gamJRavdeba mTqmelis logikuri Tu emo-

ciuri damokidebuleba Tqmulisadmi, rac, bunebrivia, Tavis

gamoxatulebas poulobs zepir metyvelebasa da dialeqtebSi.

amjerad sakiTxs ganvixilavT kaxuri dialeqtis, kerZod,

Signikaxuris monacemebze dayrdnobiT.

intonacias, rogorc winadadebis erTianobis mZlavr sa-

fuZvels, gadamwyveti roli eniWeba rTuli winadadebis perio-

debad dayofasa da komponentTa asidenturi SekavSirebisas, sa-

dac cxadad ikveTeba frazis intonaciuri konturebi:

exla im cxenze oriveni SavjdeT _ ar SaiZleba, me Savjde

_ Sen fexiT ver ivli da Sen SajÁdebi _ me fexiT ver vivlio,

g.T. q.,195.

yuradRebas iqcevs `da~ da `rom~ kavSirebian konstruq-

ciaTa intonaciur _ eqspresiuli modelebi.

am mxriv gamorCeulia `da~ kavSiris adgili da funqcia

winadadebis intonaciur struqturaSi; kerZod:

91

a) mtkicebiTi Sinaarsisaa Tu ara da; vinc // rac ara da

konstruqciuli modelebi:

Tu im fSavel damiklamT, xo movrCebi, Tu ara da mo-

vkvdebio, m.i.,99.

vinc Caagdebs koras, is iqneba mogebuli, vinc ara da wi-

arobs,m.i.,65.

rac SevZeli, davamtvrieo, da rac ara da davanebe Tavio,

m.i.,108.

b) xSirad `da~ mtkicebas aZlierebs Sesabamisi zmnisarTe-

biT:

ver aaSene? da imitomac daarqve? woreT araSenda, m.i.,32.

avdeqiT da mainc wavediT, m.i.,64.

g) zogjer mtkicebiTi zmnisarTi ar Cans, Tumca igulis-

xmeba:

mekuTvnoda da wamoviReo, m.i.,12.

d) mtkicebiTi elferi aqtualizdeba `da~-Ti dakavSire-

bul zmna-SemasmenelTa ganmeorebiT:

mamklams da mamklams-meTqi, m.i.,9.

e) `da~ monawileobs uaryofiTi mtkicebis gamomxatvel

modelSi:

aramc da aramc gzaSi ar gaÁWrao eg kitri, m.i.,194.

intonacia enobrivi ekonomiis erT-erTi saSualebaa, rac

mJRavndeba SekiTxvis lakonur pasuxebSi, ris mtkicebiTobac

gaZlierebulia `da~-Ti:

-patarZal mainc ra daarqveso ? da: _ Tavaio, m.i.,95.

-xari xo ar ginaxiao? da: _ arao,m.i.,95.

winadadebis intonaciur-eqspresiuli aqtualizaciisaTvis

gamoiyeneba agreTve `ro~ / `rom~ kavSiri.

intonacia mtkicebiT elfers aZlevs `ro~ / `rom~ kavSi-

rian winadadebas, rodesac mtkicebis intonaciuri maxvili mo-

udis am kavSirs:

iyo erTi mdidari kaci, Zalian mdidari, ro ra giTxra!,

m.i.,78.

im qal Tmebi aq ro... koWebamdina ?wvdeba, g.T.q, 195.

92

xSirad `ro~ / `rom~ intonaciurad imdenadaa datvirTu-

li, rom damokidebuli winadadebis eqvivalentad gvevlineba:

golva iyo, golva iseTi ro..., g.T.q.,179.

iseTi Svilebi gavzarde, roma... , g.T.q.,9.

Rirssacnobia, rom Signikaxuris enobrivi monacemebiT

gamovlenili winadadebis intonaciur-eqspresiuli aqtualiza-

ciis saSualebani ucxo ar aris saliteraturo qarTulisTvi-

sac, riTac erTxel kidev dadasturda: `enaSi, dialeqtSi ar

arsebobs iseTi ram, rac TviT enis Sinagani SesaZleblobiT ar

aris Sepirobebuli~ (b.jorbenaZe).

roena Wkadua , julieta SoSiaSvili (enaTmecnierebis instituti)

dialeqtTa gandaseba berZnul (Zvelsa da axal)enasa da svanurSi (tipologiuri SedarebisaTvis)

enciklopediaSi `qarTuli ena~ dialeqti ganmartebulia,

rogorc enis varianti, romelzec metyvelebs enobrivi koleq-

tivis teritoriul-eTnografiuli niSniT gamoyofili jgufi.

m. miuleris TvalsazrisiT, enis namdvili da bunebrivi

sicocxle mis dialeqtebSia mocemuli.

saliteraturo enisaTvis dialeqtebi miCneulia masaz-

rdoebel wyarod, xolo umwerlobo enebis dialeqtologiuri

kvleva mniSvnelovania rogorc am enebis Seswavlis, ise saerTo

erovnuli enis sinqroniuli da diaqroniuli analizisaTvis.

dialeqtTa gandasebis tipologiuri SedarebisaTvis mi-

vmarTeT, erTi mxriv, uZvelesi istoriisa da damwerlobis mqo-

ne Zvel da axal berZnul enebs da, meore mxriv, arqaizmebiT,

rTuli fonetikuri sistemiTa da dialeqturi nairgvarobiT

mdidar, umwerlobo svanur enas.

svanuri ena, msgavsad zanurisa, qarTulisagan gansxvave-

93

biT, mxolod dialeqtebiT aris warmodgenili. klasikuri ber-

Znulis Taviseburebac imaSi mdgomareobs, rom am epoqis ber-

Znebs ar hqondaT erTiani saliteraturo ena. TiToeuli dia-

leqti ama Tu im literaturuli JanrisTvis normatiuli xde-

boda: eposi emyareboda ioniur dialeqts, lirika _ eoliursa

da doriuls, drama da samecniero proza _ atikurs. es dia-

leqtebi mTeli elinuri samyarosTvis gasagebi iyo da, Sesaba-

misad, mravaldialeqturoba, am mxriv, uxerxulobas ar iwvevda.

Zv. w. aR. IV saukuneSi enobrivi erTianobis ideam xeli

Seuwyo atikuri dialeqtis safuZvelze e. w. saerTo dialeq-

tis (koine dialeqtis) Camoyalibebas.

sagangebod unda aRiniSnos, rom berZnuli enis tran-

sformaciis xangrZlivi periodis ganmavlobaSi, Zveli dialeq-

tebis gaqrobis kvaldakval, daiwyo axali dialeqtebis Camoya-

libebis procesi, rac dasrulda imiT, rom Tanamedrove ber-

ZnulSi ramdenime umniSvnelovanesi dialeqti gamoiyo, romle-

bic ganirCevian erTmaneTisgan bgeriT SedgenilobiT, gramati-

kuli struqturiTa da leqsikiT. amas erTvis kardinaluri

gansxvaveba Zvelsa da axal berZnuls Soris.

sagulisxmoa, rom erT-erTi Tanamedrove berZnuli dia-

leqti, pontouri, saqarTvelos teritoriazea gavrcelebuli

(soxumSi, qobuleTSi, axalcixeSi, walkisa da dmanisis regio-

nebSi da a. S.). pontours sxva berZnuli dialeqtebisgan gamo-

arCevs kargad daculi arqaizmebi da Zveli berZnuli enisaTvis

damaxasiaTebeli gramatikuli kategoriebi.

rac Seexeba svanurs, miuxedavad imisa, rom is umwerlobo

enas warmoadgens, mis mecnierul kvlevas didi mniSvneloba eniWe-

ba qarTuli enis struqturisa da istoriis Seswavlis saqmeSi.

svanuri enis dialeqtebad dayofis kriteriumisa da sqe-

mis SemuSaveba-dadgena n. maris saxels ukavSirdeba, romelic

Semdgom gaiziara da srulyo a. SaniZem.

dialeqtebis gandaseba svanurSi damyarebulia foneti-

kur faqtorebze: xmovanTa sigrZe, umlauti da reduqcia.

fonetikur faqtorebTan erTad, kilokauri diferencia-

94

ciis doneze, gasaTvaliswinebelia is gramatikul-leqsikuri na-

irgvaroba, rac maT axasiaTebT. cnobil qarTvelologTa Sro-

mebSi mravlad aris svanur kilokavTa fonetikuri da gramati-

kuli Taviseburebebisadmi miZRvnili statiebi.

garda ZiriTadi fonetikuri faqtorebisa, romelTac ey-

rdnobian mecnierebi dialeqtTa gamoyofisas, aseve Tavisebure-

bas gviCveneben svanuri kiloebi labializacia-delabializaciis

procesebis mixedviT. enaTmecnierTa mier gamoTqmulia iseTi

mosazrebac, rom svanuri enis ganviTarebis garkveul etapze e

da i xmovnebi o da u xmovnebs upirispirdebodnen, rogorc

aralabializebulebi labializebulebs da ara rogorc wina

da ukana warmoebis xmovnebi (m. qaldani).

labializaciisken midrekileba mTel svanurs axasiaTebs,

xolo delabializacia metnaklebad aris specifikuri svanuri

kilokavebisTvis. aRniSnuli viTareba kargad Cans laxamulur

kilokavSi, sadac aqtiurad mimdinareobs ori urTierTsapiris-

piro fonetikuri procesi. Tu erTi mxriv, …e, …i kompleqsebSi

uCinardeba …, meore mxriv, laxamulur kilokavis xaiSur Tqma-

Si, rogorc wesi, narnara l-s enacvleba wyvilbagismieri ….

difTongizaciisa da monofTongizaciis procesebs sva-

nurSi adridanve miaqcia yuradReba s. JRentma.

zogadad, dialeqtis Sida struqturaSi variantuloba

damaxasiaTebelia yvela dialeqturi sistemisaTvis.

berZnulma dialeqtebma dasabami misces axali saerTo di-

aleqtis, saerTo nacionaluri berZnulis Camoyalibebas da

amiT umniSvnelovanesi roli Seasrules berZnuli enis, mwer-

lobisa da kulturis CamoyalibebaSi.

svanuri ena ki Tavisi dialeqturi da kilokauri Tavise-

burebebiT gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania qarTvelur enaTa Se-

swavlisa da rekonstruqciisaTvis. rogorc v. Tofuria aRniS-

navs, svanurSi Semonaxuli arqaizmebi, gaCenili inovaciebi,

rTuli fonetikuri procesebi, dialeqtTa Taviseburebani da

a. S. xelSesaxeb masalas iZlevian kerZo da zogadi enaTmecnie-

rebis problemaTa gadasaWrelad.

95

n i n e l i W o x o n e l i Z e (enaTmecnierebis instituti) Camomavlobis aRmniSvneli leqsemebi qarTuli enis dialeqtebSi

qarTul saliteraturo enasa da mis dialeqtebSi axlo

da Soreuli Camomavlobis aRsaniSnavad uxvad dasturdeba ro-

gorc qarTuli, ise ucxouri warmoSobis leqsemebi. amasTan

dialeqtebSi xSiria maTi gadataniTobis gziTa da sxvadasxva

fuZeebisagan warmoqmniT (gansakuTrebiT mimReobebis saxiT) mi-

Rebis SemTxvevebi. dialeqtebSi, `Camomavlobis~, `gvareulobis~,

`jiSis~, `jilagis~, `modgmis~ mniSvnelobiT gvxvdeba Semdegi mi-

mReoburi formebi:

1. ganagisi: davloceT mTeli Cveni modgmac, jiSi da gana-

gisi (r. inaniSvili). Seni ganagisi gawyda aqa (qiziyuri, menTe-

SaSvili).

2. gasagisi: Tu vaxtangis Svili da gasagisi yvela gada-

ixvewa, taxti iases unda mieRo (r. jafariZe). isemc amowydeba

magi gasagisi, rac eg CemTvin karq arafer gamaimetefs (qar-

Tluri, mesxiSvili).

3. monagari: papaCemis mamis monagrebi vaarT Teli es

ubani, ese gavblomdiT (kavT., qarTl. mesxiSvili). Sdr. monage-

bari SeZenili; Teslze amosuli (mTiuluri, SaniZe).

vfiqrobT, rom ga-na-g-is-, ga-sa-g-is-, mo-na-g-ar- si-

tyvebSi gamoiyofa `mogebis, Sobis, dabadebis~ aRmniSvnel sa-

erTo qarTveluri -g- Ziri.

4. monadgari: (leCx. alaviZe) _ Rl. Sdr. modgami, mo-

dgma. am sityvebisaTvis amosavali unda iyos qarTul-zanuri

erTianobis *deg- \\ dg- Ziri.

5. nagrami namravli, STamomavali (guruli, SaraSiZe). na-

gramoba STamomavloba, naSieri. am dayola Cemi nagramoba ari

aqanas (savane, z. imeruli, ZoweniZe).

Sdr. monagrameba (Sdr. negro) pirutyvTa da frinvelTa

moSeneba (v. beriZe). mgro, ngro, nogro (leCx., gur.) jiSi, mo-

96

dgami pirutyvisa (m. Ciq.) _ Rl. dasaxelebul sityvebSi unda

gamoiyofodes saerTo-qarTveluri igive *gr- Ziri, rac ivarau-

deba sityvebSi: qarTuli ma-gr-ob-ali-i `kvercxis mCekeli~

(saba), svan. li-ngre kvercxis dadeba, lÊgr-e `kvercxi~. -am

sufiqsi SeiZleba < ev \\ -em sufiqsis fonetikuri cvlilebis

Sedegad iyos miRebuli.

6. narcxi \\ narCxi Soreuli STamomavali. `codvam na-

rcxis narcxi maikiTxa~ (qiz. menTeSaSvili). vfiqrobT, narcxi

< narCxi < narCi (narComi, narCeni). x ganviTarebuli Cans.

Sdr. damrCoebi: `RmerTma Saiwyalos... narComebi RmerTma uco-

cxlos mamgoned~ (vaJa).

7. nacxebi sisxliT naTesavi. lametaanT nacxebi ara xaar,

ra, vin raSi mogatyuefs! (karal., agreTve tyv., qarTl. bero-

zaSvili da sxv.). Sdr. nacxi msgavsi, mimgvanebuli. bestavaSvi-

lis nacxi iyve da raRa giSams (tyv., agreTve karal., qarTl.

beroz. da sxv.). -cx- igive Ziri Cans, rac gamoiyofa cxeba,

scxebs, mocxeba zmnebSi.

8. narTis narTi viRac Sorebeli (guruli, SaraSiZe).

Sdr. narTauli aranamdvili (qiz. menT.). savaraudoa, rom

-rT- igivea, rac zmnur e-rT-vis, da-rT-uli `damatebuli~

zmnur formebSi gamoyofili Ziri.

9. garslis garsli, gaslis gasli naTesavis naTesavi,

Soreuli mokeTe. RmerTma yvela qriÓtiani daifaroÓ imi gar-

sli garslisagan _ ityvian avi rZlis Sesaxeb (qiz. menT.). Cve-

ni azriT, garsli > gasli; Tavis mxriv garsli < gariseli <

garisi `gareuli~ _ saba. Sdr. gare, gareTa an gareSe biZa an

sxva naTesavi.

10. misxi Soreuli naTesavi. vsTqva ufalT megvartomoba,

ar Sorad misxi misxisa (d. guramiSvili). rogori adamiania,

Tavis misxis misx maikiTxavs (qiz. menTeSaSvili). misxi misxs

misdevs Soreul naTesavebTan aqvs urTierToba. ano iseTi qa-

lia, xo ara ggonia, vinme daaviwydes, misxis misxs misdevs

(qarTl. mesxiSvili.). misxi dasturdeba mTiulurSic (mT. kai-

Sauri). mi-sx- sityvaSi mi- SeiZleba mimReobis mawarmoebel me-

97

s fonetikuri cvlilebis Sedegad iyos miRebuli, sx- ki igive

fuZemonacvle sxma (v- `yola~, suma) zmnis Ziri iyos. Sdr. ama-

ve warmomavlobis Zv. qarTulis sasumeli `naTesavi~, `maxlobe-

li~ (il. abulaZe).

rogorc vxedavT, zemodasaxelebuli `Camomavlobis~ Sina-

arsis mimReobebi nawarmoebia na, na - ar, na - is, me-, -el

afiqsebis saSualebiT.

n i n o W u m b u r i Z e (enaTmecnierebis instituti)

sakuTari saxelebis kninobiTi formebi samegrelos samTavros TavadTa da aznaurTa saojaxo siebis mixedviT

odiSis anu samegrelos samTavros TavadTa da aznaurTa

saojaxo siebi, Sekrebili me-19 s-is Sua xanebSi, msgavsad

qarTl-kaxeTis, imereTisa da guriis analogiuri dokumentebi-

sa, metad saintereso masalas warmoadgens qarTuli onomasti-

kis mkvlevarTaTvis. am dokumentebSi qarTul da saqarTveloSi

odiTganve gavrcelebul saxelebTan erTad dasturdeba araer-

Ti saxeli, romlebic sakuTriv megruli warmomavlobisaa (uCa-

na, joRoria, kvatia, gojogia...); mravladaa rusulis gziT Semo-

suli sakuTari saxelebi (ekatirina, feodora, katnika, pela-

gia, duSnika...). sainteresoa paraleluri formebi, romlebic

morfologiur Tu fonetikur niadagzea gaCenili.

sakuTar saxelTa didi nawili kninobiTi formiT aris

damkvidrebuli. erTsa da imave fuZesTan sxvadasxva mawarmoebe-

li gvxvdeba: daTiki, daTika, daTikia, daTiko; glaxuia, gla-

xua, glaxuva; zuraba, zurabika, zurabia; beruka, berukia,

berikia...

kninobiTobis mawarmoebelTagan yvelaze metad gavrcele-

bulia -ia daboloeba, romelic araiSviaTad kninobiTobis sxva

98

mawarmoebelTan erTad gvxvdeba: qaq-uC-ia, ber-uk-ia, beJ-uk-

ia, jaT-un-ia... xSiria aseve -ik daboloeba damoukideblad an

-a, -o sufiqsebTan erTad: ses-ik-i, fef-ik-i, daT-ik-i, revaz-

ik-a, levan-ik-a, zurab-ik-a, merab-ik-a, daT-ik-o...

sxva mawarmoeblebi naklebi sixSiriT gvxvdeba, magram ma-

Ti mravalferovneba saintereso suraTs warmogvidgens.

n i n o x a x i a S v i l i (enaTmecnierebis instTituti)

mirqmis dResaswaulTan dakavSirebul terminTa istoriisaTvis

mirqma, Zveli miquma _ erT-erTi aTormet sauflo dRe-

saswaulTagania, uZravi, aRiniSneba 2 (15) Tebervals, ieso

qristes Sobidan meormoce dRes, marTali svimeonis mier uf-

lis, yrma iesos, mirqmis mosaxseneblad.

leqsikonebSi mirqmis Sesaxeb vkiTxulobT: mirqma Zv.

1. `gulze mikoneba~ (saba). 2. ekl. erT-erTi qristianuli dRe-

saswauli Sobis meormoce dRes (2 Tebervals)... (qegl V,

1958).

mirqmas sxvadasxva terminebiT aRniSnavdnen: mirqma,

migebeba, lamproba, svimonoba... mirqmis dResaswauls `anasa

da svimeonis dResawaulsac~ eZaxian, umetesad ki _ `svimeo-

nis dResawauls~, ubralod _ `svimonobas~. Zvel qarTul

teqstebSi es dResaswauli moixsenieba, rogorc: `taZrad mi-

yvaneba uflisa Cuenisa iesu qristesi~, `migebeba uflisa~,

`migebeba ieso qristesi~, `lamproba~...

lamproba qristianuli dResaswaulis _ mirqmis _ ri-

tualur Taviseburebas warmoadgenda, amitom Zvel liturgi-

kul ZeglebSi (X s-is xelnawerebSi) igi mirqmis sinonimad mo-

ixsenieba. uZvelesi tradiciis mixedviT, mirqmis dResaswauls

qristianebi xvdebodnen anTebuli lamprebiT (Sdr.: mirqmis

99

dResaswaulis laTinuri saxelwodeba: Candelaria, Festum Candela-

rum).

ioane minCxis mirqmis sagalobeli srulad asaxavs dResas-

waulis arss da masTan dakavSirebul terminebsac naTels

hfens: `febervalsa b. migebebaÁ uflisa Cuenisa iesu qriste-

si: lampriTa sulieriTa s‚meon marTlisa Tana ganvideT Cu-en migebebad meufisa, rameTu movida RmrTeebiT RrubliTa sulmciriTa aRsrulebad Sjulisa, gamobrwyinvebad naTeli

warmarTTa zeda~...

mirqma, migebeba, lamproba, svimonoba _ es terminebi

erTi da imave dResaswaulis aRmniSvneli saxelebia, TiToeuli

maTgani am dResaswaulis maxasiaTebel raime gansakuTrebul

detals mianiSnebs: mirqma (< miquma) _ marTali svimeonis mi-

er uflis, yrma iesos mirqmas: `da movida [s‚meon] suliTa ta-

Zarsa mas. da viTarca moiyvanes mSobelTa maT yrmaÁ igi iesu

yofad maTa msgavsad Cveulebisa SjulisaÁsa mis zeda. da man

miiqua igi mƒarTa [mklavTa] T‚sTa [zeda], akurTxevda Rmer-

Tsa...~ (luka 2, 25-28). `Seni mSvidobaÁ momec Cuen, qriste, Zeo

RmrTisa, romelman jer-iCine dRes miqumaÁ, viTarca CCuilman,

mklavTa zeda moxucebulisa suimeonisTa, raÁTa acxovno naTe-

savi kacTaÁ~ (uZv. iadgari). miquma (<miiqua, miequa) termini

Seicavs qu- Zirs (aqus), romelic saerToa `qonebisa~ da `Semo-

svis~ aRmniSvneli qarTveluri leqsikisaTvis. migebeba `Segebe-

ba~, `Sexvedra~ (Sdr.: berZn. @H Upapanth; ton KurÈon, agreTve,

sunavntesÈı `Sexvedra~, laT. Praesentatione Domini `gancxadeba uf-

lisa~, slav. сретенъе Господнье). migebeba berZnuli

@H Upapanth;-s analogiiT unda iyos Seqmnili, Sdr.: slavuri

сретенъе `встретитъ, обрести~, romelic, rogorc cnobilia, berZnu-

lis kalkia. migebebaSi arsebobis aRmniSvneli -g- Ziri gamoiyo-

fa: h-g-ies, e-g-eb-i-s; mi-e-g-o... (Temis niSnis SezrdiT: mi-g-eb-a >

mi-g-eb-eb-a). lamproba iTvaliswinebs dResaswaulis ritualur

mxares _ lamprebiT svlas da simbolurad asaxavs uflis _

`WeSmariti naTelis~ _ amqveynad movlinebas: `naTeli gamo-

brwyinvebad warmarTTa [zeda]~ (luka 2, 32). `naTeli movida

100

soflad, dautevneT saqmeni bnelisani...~ (uZv. iadgari).

lamproba mirqmis dResaswaulze sxva qristian erebSic

yofila Zvelad gavrcelebuli, es tradicia ierusalimis ta-

ZarSi dawesda da ukve IV saukunidan liturgikul kalendreb-

Si dasturdeba. lamprobis wesi Zvelad mTel saqarTveloSi

yofila gavrcelebuli, magram ukanasknel xanebamde xalxurma

yofam igi mxolod svaneTSi Semoinaxa, `lamprob~, `limpÁar~-is

saxelwodebiT. magram dRes am dResaswaulis gageba gabundova-

nebulia: is warmarTul dResasaswaulad aris miiCneuli, xan

ki _ xalxur gadmocemebTanaa dakavSirebuli. svanuri `lam-

proba~ rom namdvilad mirqmis dResaswaulia, amaze TviT am

dReobis svanuri saxelwodebebi: `lamprob~, `limpÁar~ da

`svimniS lamprob~, `svimniS~, `svimnob~ metyveleben. gasuli

saukunis oTxmocdaaTian wlebSi gazeT `madlSi~ imJamad sasu-

liero akademiis studentis, kvirike subelianis, sayuradRebo

werili iyo dabeWdili, romelSic svanuri lamprobis wes-Cveu-

lebebia aRwerili da marTebuli, sayuradRebo azria gamo-

Tqmuli: `1. eWvsgareSea, rom termini `lamprob~ _ `limpÁar~-i

berZnuli warmomavlobisaa da momdinareobs sityvebidan: lam-

pros `brwyinvale, naTeli~; he lampas `lampari, CiraRdani~.

2. orive dResaswauli mtkiced zis qristianul eortologiur

ciklSi. pirveli maTgani emTxveva mirqmasa da svimeon da anna

winaswarmetyvelTa xsenebis dRes. saxelwodebebis `svimnob~-is

da `svimniS~-is etimologia sruliad aSkaradaa dakavSirebuli

svimeon mimrqmelis saxelTan, xolo rac Seexeba `lamprobas~,

uZveles qarTul iadgarSic migebebis anu mirqmis dResaswau-

lis ibakoebi swored asea dasaTaurebuli: `ibakoni lamprobi-

sani~. ramdenadac qarTuli uZvelesi iadgari VII saukunemdeli

ierusalimuri RvTismsaxurebis praqtikas asaxavs, ueWvvelia,

rom uZveles qristianul samyaroSi es dResaswauli swored am

saxiT arsebobda da amave epoqidan Semounaxavs igi xalxs...~

(`madli~, N 4 (46), 1992).

lamprobis wesi Zvelad rom mTel saqarTveloSi yofila

gavrcelebuli, amas akaki SaniZec adasturebs `mTis kiloTa

101

leqsikonSi~: `lampari ƒ. Sua zamTari, daaxloebiT ianvris bo-

lo ricxvebi (`zamTar ro gaswordebis~). lamproba ƒ.. n. iv.

javaxiSvili, qarTveli eris istoria, w. I, 1908. k. kekekeliZe

[Иерусалимский канонаръ VII в., 181-182]. lamparia gud., mT. did

oTxSabaTs cecxli unda daanTon (lixisa), gadafrindebian zed

da ityvian: `Šri kudianTasao~. amparia moƒ., lomporia fS. di-

di cecxli. lamparioba gud. cecxlis danTeba naTlisRebis wi-

na dRes. lamporioba mT. did xuTSabaTs danTebuli cecxli.

lomporia fS. did oTxSabaTs danTebuli cecxli. amparioba

(ho agre!) moƒ. Wia-kokona (31 ianvars danTeben cecxls). `lam-

proba~, rogorc qristianuli dResaswauli, modioda mirqmis

dRes, e. i. 2 Tebervals Zveli stiliT. n. lamproba. lamproba

mT. yvelieris paraskevs cecxls daanTeben zed gadafridebian

balRebi. n. lampari, lamparioba~ (a. SaniZe). sayuradReboa, ag-

reTve, al. Rlontis `qarTul kilo-TqmaTa sityvis konaSi~ da-

dasturebuli masala: `lampar-i (gur.) Wiakokona, akeTeben

blis xis kaniT, kvriT, xmeli SeSiT. lamparioba (qarTl. ton-

Ca, duSeTis r.) Wiakokonoba. n. lamproba. lamproba (gur.) Wi-

akokonoba (al. Rl.).

aq kargad Cans, rogor daikarga dResaswaulis religiu-

ri arsi da mxolod misi vizualuri, ritualuri mxare Semo-

rCa. es Cveulebrivi maxasiaTebelia religiuri dResaswaulebis

gaxalxurebisa, _ xsovnas mxolod ritualuri mxare SemorCeba

xolme, tipologiurad amis msgavsia: aTenagena (aTengenoba),

romelic momdinareobs aTinegenon sebastieli episkoposis saxe-

lidan (III s.); alaverdoba, romelic erT-erTi cameti asureli

mais, ioseb alaverdelis, saxelTanaa dakavSirebuli da sxv.

102

m z i a x a x u t a i S v i l i (baTumis universiteti)

Temis niSanTa unifikacia klarjulSi

SavSur, taour da aWarul dialeqtebTan erTad klarju-

li samxreTi saqarTvelos dialeqtTagania. igi Turquli enis

Zlier gavlenas ganicdis. istoriul klarjeTsa da klarj muha-

jirTa STamomavlebTan bolo dros Cawerili metyvelebis nimu-

Sebi Zvirfasi empiriuli masalaa aRniSnuli dialeqtis Tavise-

burebaTa kvlevisaTvis, miT ufro didia imis SesaZlebloba,

rom Sefasdes divergenciuli procesebi, romlebic klarjulSi

zogadad aSkaraa. TiToeuli Taviseburebisa Tu procesis lin-

gvisturi kvalifikacia ki aw ukve aRiarebuli daskvnebis gada-

fasebis saSualebas iZleva, Sedegad ki saubari SeiZleba dia-

leqtTa urTierTgamijvnis tendenciaze.

saanalizo masalis safuZvelze klarjulSi, sxva Tavisebu-

rebebTan erTad, gansakuTrebiT TvalSi sacemia Temis niSanTa

unifikacia. ena, rogorc wesi, iswrafvis romelime erTi mniS-

vnelobisaTvis gamoiyenos erTi formobrivi struqtura. aRsa-

niSnavia, rom klarjulSi Temis niSanTa mravalferovani monac-

vleoba dasturdeba -eb: gavaTxel-av-T; gaakeT-av-s; atyapun-av-

s. -av: dakl-eb-en; meipar-eb-en; morek-eb-en; gamowur-eb-en. -ob:

ilaparak-av-s; ixmar-av-s; -0: wer-av-s. aRsaniSnavia, rom zmnaTa

umravlesoba upiratesobas aniWebs -av Temis niSans. erTi Se-

xedviT, SavSurisa da aWarulisagan gansxvavebiT klarjulSi aS-

karaa -av Temis niSnis gabatoneba. klarjul masalebSi aseve

warmodgenilia Temis niSanTa fonetikuri nairsaxeobani: ar-

webda; deiwyof da a. S.

klarjulSi ZiriTadad zemoaWarulis msgavsad -av / -am

Temis niSani namyo usrulSi -e gaxmovanebiTaa warmodgenili

TviT unificirebul formebSic ki: movWrevdiT, yidevden…

Tumca sayuradReboa, rom uwyvetelSive unificirebuli forma

ar emorCileba aRniSnul kanonzomierebas: vuyur-av-d-i-T. er-

Teul SemTxvevaSi mesame subieqturi piris formaSi Temis niS-

103

nis xmovani reducirebulia: gayidvida Sdr. mosTqmida (qob.)

sainteresoa cem-v-en uTemisniSno zmna, sadac awmyos

mravlobiTi ricxvis mesame pirSi Temis niSani reducirebulia.

-av Temis niSnis unifikaciis sakmaod Sors wasuli proce-

si yvela tipis zmnur formaSi gvxvdeba. xmovanmonacvle zmnebi

pirvel seriaSi -av Temis niSniT dasturdeba: iWira-av-s.

unifikaciis procesi dasturdeba saSuali gvaris zmnebSi

ilaparak-av-s, iCxub-av-d-a, v-i-sam-av-d-iT (Turq. sama -cekva), itir-av-d-a, i-Rmer-av-d-a...

kauzativis mawarmoeblis -in formantis poziciaSi da-

Cndeba oden -i. warmodgenilia unificirebuli -av Temis niS-

niT: dagalev-i(n)-av-T.

sayuradReboa, rom klarjulSi dadasturda viqm (vqmen)

qcevamonacvle zmnis unifikaciac: awmyos mwkrivis pirveli pi-

ris mravlobiTi ricxvis formaSi viqavT, romelSic fuZiseu-

li Tanxmovani aRdgeba mesame pirSi iqmen.

m a r i n a j R a r k a v a (enaTmecnierebis instituti)

gadaadgilebis aRmniSvneli zmnebi megrul-lazurSi

im enebSi, romlebSic aqtivsa da pasivs gansxvavebuli mo-

rfologiuri saxe aqvs, xSirad gvxvdeba gamonaklisebi, romel-

Ta semantika da forma, romelic unda Seesabamebodes mocemul

mniSvnelobas, Sinaarss, TiTqos Seusabamoa. es Tavisebureba

qarTvelur zmnebSi xSirad gamoixateba, radganac semantikuri

niuansebis gadmosacemad qarTuls, svanursa da megrul-lazurs

uamravi morfologiuri markeri uwyobs xels...

Sedareba-Sepirispirebis mizniT formisa da Sinaarsis aR-

revis magaliTebi moviZieT gadaadgilebis aRmniSvnel zmnebSi

megrulsa da lazurSi. zmnebi, romlebic rogorc pirdapiri,

aseve gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT siaruls aRniSnavs, ZriTadad

104

aqtivis formisaa, saSuali gvarisa, monopersonaluri, vinis

rigis rogorc megrulSi, aseve lazurSi.

megrulSi: gilurs _ dadis, miobadans - Zlivs midis,

bandalans _ barbaciT midis, gilagagans _ dalaslasebs, gi-

larSvinuns _ usaqmod daiareba da sxv.

lazurSi: igzals - midis, gzas adgas, ulurs _ midis,

tarikams _ miqris, mijiriTobs da sxv.

maT Soris bevria deponensi. megr.: gilerqalu - xetia-

lobs, awyvetili dadis, iburinu _ qrolviT dadis, gilebar-

ZRalu _ daRoRialebs.... laz.: nunkapu(n) _ mirbis, dofu-

Txun _ dafrinavs (sixaruliT dadis)...

megrulSi vxvdebiT aqtivisa da pasivis paralelur for-

mebs (gilabayvans // gilebayvalu _ dablayunobs, gilaqvaq-

vans // gileqvaqvalu _ moxdenilad, koxtad dadis, gilaRan-

Rans // gileRanRalu _ daRanRalobs, Zlivs dadis...);

iSviaTia, magram moipoveba relatiuri zmnebi, rogoricaa

lazurSi noyufs _ dahyveba; statikuris formisa, rogoricaa

megrulSi mirule _ darbis...

moxsenebaSi ganvixilavT am tipis zmnebs da warmovadgenT

maT paradigmatul analizs.