Yohei FUKUMIZU, Makoto NAGATA, and Kazuo TAKI

Back-End Design of a Collision-Resistive RFID System through High-Level Modeling ApproachRFIDYohei FUKUMIZU, Makoto NAGATA, and Kazuo TAKIIEICE TRANS. ELECTRON., VOL.E89C, NO.11 NOVEMBER 2006

RFIDTH-CDMA(high-level modeling techniques)(hardware-based emulation)(software-based simulation)RFID(back-end design)1000RFID(rapid-prototyping simulation system)(back-end digital signal processing)---

IDER (ID error rate)IDNEID (number of erroneous IDs)IDTH-CMDATime hopping CDMAPRSG (pseudo-random sequence generator)

1. IntroductionRFIDRFID(communication front-end functionality)(highly multiplexed communication)(back-end signal processing)(high-level modeling approach)(back-end design methodology)

2. RFID(Overview of RFID System)2.1 (Overview)RFID

2.2 (Downlink Communication) (a) (Power Transmission) (b) (Synchronization)2.3 (Uplink Communication) (a) (Passband Modulation) RFIDASKID(phase-shift keying(PSK))(frequency-shift keying (FSK)) (b)TH-CDMA( TH-CDMA Multiplexing) TH-CDMA(direct-sequence code division multiple access (DSCDMA))(time division multiple accesse (TDMA))

3. RFID(Modeling of RFID Link Channels)3.1 Description LevelsSPICE/MATLAB(physical interaction model)FPGA

3.2 (Circuit-Level Description)SPICESPICE(a)(b)

MATLAB(MATLAB mathematical simulator)(a)(b)

3.3 (Behavioral Modeling for Hardware Emulation) TH-CDMAFPGA

(random-number generation mechanisms)TH-CMDAIDID

(b)ID

3.4 (High-Level Modeling for Software Simulation) .NET Framework 1.1(C#)

3.4.1 (Transponder Class). IDTH-CDMACDMA3.4.2 (Channel Class) 3.4.3 (Reader Class) TH-CDMACRC

3.4.4 (Demonstration of System Operation) (a)(b)(1)ID ; (2) ; (3)CRC (b)80%18%CRC

4. 1000+RFID(Analysis and Design of 1, 000+ Multiple RFID Link) 4.1 Overview N=scTH-CDMAscTDMACDMAXID

lID IDlCRC CRCT

4.2RFID( Effects of Field Disturbance on RFID Links)4.2.1 (Channel Collision in Noise Environment)ID(IDER)

4.2.2 (Capacity of Simultaneous Recognition)Reader=1Tags=2000SNR=20dB(communication channels (s c)) = 4, 096, 8, 192, 16, 384, 32, 768(re-transmissions)= 9, 4, 21Tt = 400 ms

s c=4096=9IDERs c=32,768=1IDERIDER

4.2.3 (Adjusting Thresholds among Correlators)(thresholds)(demultiplex)IDIDIDER

CRC(NEID)

4.2.4 TDMA/CDMA(Channel Distribution of TDMA and CDMA)IDER/NEIDTDMA/CDMACDMAIDERTDMACDMACDMA =64TDMA=64.

4.3 Back-End Design for Robust RFID LinksRFID

(1) ID(ROM for ID storage) (2) (PRSG for channel assignment) (3)CDMA (a CDMA modulator)(4) TDMA(a TDMA slot controller) (5) CRC(a CRC encoder)

5. ConclusionRFID(built rapid-prototype simulator)RFID(thresholding adjustment)