ZigBee Overviewread.pudn.com/downloads114/doc/477968/ZB培训资料/1... · 2006-09-03 · Zigbee Alliance zThe ZigBee Alliance is an association of companies working together to

ZigBee Overview

July, 2006

上海顺舟网络科技有限公司 http://www.shuncom.com/

Zigbee is …

ZigBee is a wireless standard based on IEEE802.15.4 that was developed to address the unique needs of most wireless sensing and control applications


The origin of the ZigBee name

The domestic honeybee, a colonial insect, lives in a hive that contains a queen, a few male drones, and thousands of worker bees. The survival, success, and future of the colony is dependent upon continuous communication of vital information between every member of the colony.

The technique that honey bees use to communicate new-found food sources to other members of the colony is referred to as the ZigBee Principle.

Using this silent, but powerful communication system, whereby the bee dances in a Zig-Zag pattern, she is able to share information such as the location, distance, and direction of a newly discovered food source to her fellow colony members.

Instinctively implementing the ZigBee Principle, bees around theworld industriously sustain productive hives and foster future generations of colony members.


History

ZigBee

IEEE 802.15.4

1999 2000 2002 2003 2004

Initial MRDZigBee Alliance

formed

PAR Standard Complete

Standard Complete

2005


Zigbee Alliance

The ZigBee Alliance is an association of companies working together to enable reliable, cost-effective, low-power, wirelessly networked, monitoring and control products based on an open global standard

The goal of the ZigBee Alliance is to provide the consumer with ultimate flexibility, mobility, and ease of use by building wireless intelligence and capabilities into everyday devices


Focus

Defining the network, security and application software layers

Providing interoperability and conformance testing specifications

Promoting the ZigBee brand globally to build market awareness

Managing the evolution of the technology


Membership Classes

PromotersFounding members of ZigBee, who form the Board of Directors. There are currently 10 promoters

ParticipantsMembers who generally wish to make technical contributions and/or serve on the Technical Group committees. These members have early access to specifications, and they may also chair working group subcommittees. They are in a position to help shape the ZigBee technology for industrial applications and the connected home.


Promoter Companies


Where Does ZigBee Fit

Range

Peak

Dat

a R

ate

Closer Farther

Slow

erFa

ster

UWBWireless Data Applications

Sources: WRH + Co

Wireless Video

Applications

IrDA

802.11g

802.11b

802.11a

2.5G/3G

Bluetooth™

ZigBee™

Wireless Sensors

Wireless Networking

Wi-Fi®


Wireless Network Standards

Reliability, Power, Cost

Cost, Convenience

Speed, FlexibilityReach, QualitySuccess

Metrics

1 - 100+1 - 10+1 - 1001,000+Transmission Range (meters)

20 - 25072011,000+64 - 128+Bandwidth (KB/s)

65,5368321?Network Size

100 - 1,000+1 - 7.5 - 51-7Battery Life (days)

4KB - 60KB250KB+1MB+16MB+System Resources

Monitoring & Control

Cable Replacement

Web, Email, Video

Wide Area Voice & Data

Application Focus

ZigBee™802.15.4

Bluetooth™802.15.1

Wi-Fi™802.11b

GPRS/GSMMarket NameStandard


Initial Markets

ZigBee is the only standards-based technology that addresses the unique needs of most remote monitoring and control and sensory network applications.

The initial markets for the ZigBee Alliance include:

Home AutomationBuilding AutomationIndustrial Automation


ZigBee Wireless Markets and Applications

BUILDING AUTOMATION

Security, HVAC,AMR,

Lighting Control, Access Control

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Remote Control

PERSONAL HEALTH CARE

Patient monitoring

INDUSTRIALCONTROL

Asset Mgt, Process Control,

Energy Mgt

RESIDENTIAL/LIGHT COMMERCIAL

CONTROL

Security, HVAC,Lighting Control,Access Control

PC & PERIPHERALS

Mouse, Keyboard,Joystick


Home & Diagnostics Examples

Data CommunicationTwo way

Dealer

Server

Field Service

Retailer SOHO

Telephone Cable line

ServiceProvider

AC or heat

Pump

Gateway(s)

Temp. Sensor

HRM Bio-

monitor Security Sensor

PC & peripherals Entertainment

Back EndServer

Customers

White goods

Gateway links to security system, temperature sensor, AC system, entertainment, health.

Gateway links to field sales/serviceBio-monitor transmits to care provider via gateway Mobile clients link to PC for database storage

PC links to peripherals, interactive toysPC Modem calls retailer, SOHO, Service Provider


Warehouses, Fleet management, Factory, Supermarkets, Office complexesGas/Water/Electric meter, HVACSmoke, CO, H2O detectorRefrigeration case or applianceEquipment management services & PMSecurity servicesLighting controlAssembly line and work flow, InventoryMaterials processing systems (heat, gas flow, cooling, chemical)

Energy, diagnostics, e-Business services• Gateway or Field Service links to sensors

& equipment– Monitored to suggest PM, product

updates, status changes• Nodes link to PC for database storage

– PC Modem calls retailer, Service Provider, or Corp headquarters

– Corp headquarters remotely monitors assets, billing, energy management

Industrial Product Examples

HVAC

Field Service or

mobile worker

ServiceProvider

RetailerCorp Office

Mfg Flow

Temp. Sensor

Security Sensor

DatabaseGateway

Telephone Cable line

Back EndServer

Materials handling


Lighting ControlWireless lighting control

Dimmable ballastsLight switches anywhereCustomizable lighting schemesEnergy savings on bright daysDali [or other] interface to BMS

Extendable networksAdditional sensorsOther networks


HVAC Energy Management

Hotel energy managementMajor operating expense for hotel

Centralized HVAC management allow hotel operator to make sure empty rooms are not cooled

Retrofit capabilitiesBattery operated t-stats can be placed for conveniencePersonalized room settings at check-in


Asset Management

Within each container, sensors form a mesh network.

Multiple containers in a ship form a mesh to report sensor data

Increased security through on-truck and on-ship tamper detection

Faster container processing. Manifest data and sensor data are known before ship docks at port.

Sensor data recorded throughout a voyage can report excessively rough handling or if temperatures have gone outside of specified parameters


Why do we need ZigBee?

ZigBee is the only wireless standards-based technology that:

Addresses the unique needs of remote monitoring & control, and sensory network applications.

Enables broad-based deployment of wireless networks with low cost, low power solutions.

Provides the ability to run for years on inexpensive primary batteries for a typical monitoring application.


Key Features

Low costLow powerLow data rateHighly reliableHighly secureInteroperable


ZigBee - Low Cost

Designed from the ground up to work with inexpensive (~2$) 802.15.4 radiosDesigned to fully function on 8-bit microcontrollers (~2-5$)Common standard to drive volume prices down and build ecosystemGlobal standard reduces product costs


ZigBee – Low Power

Designed to run for years on batteriesRadios / MCUs use single-digit microAmpswhile quiescent (~4uA)Ideal for low-duty cycle applications (typically <1%)Radios use milliAmps when active (~30mA)


ZigBee – Low Data Rate

Raw data rate of 250kbps for 2.4GHz radios, 20-40kbps for sub 1GHz radiosThroughput usually 50% of raw rateRadios “share” air-time, so cannot all be speaking at onceMesh networking increases reliability, but takes bandwidth


ZigBee – Highly Reliable

Mesh and tree networking protocol provides redundant pathsAutomatic retries and acknowledgementsBroadcast delivery scheme ensures reliable broadcasts across the networkParents keep track of messages for sleeping children


ZigBee – Highly Secure

Utilizes AES 128-bit encryptionConcept of a “trust center”Link and network keysAuthentication and encryptionSecurity can be customized for the applicationKeys can be pre-programmed into application


ZigBee - Interoperable

ZigBee Alliance ensures interoperability with conformance testsLevel 1 (L1) – MAC/PHYLevel 2 (L2) – Networking profileLevel 3 (L3) – Application profileCompatibility testing provided by approved test houses


ZigBee Interoperability

Buy products from multiple vendors…that just work


Zigbee vs Bluetooth


Different Application

ZigBeeSmaller packets over large network

Mostly Static networks with many, infrequently used devices

Rapid Network Join

Home automation, toys, remote controls, etc.

BluetoothLarger packets over small network

Ad-hoc networks, File transfer

Long Network Join Times

Screen graphics, pictures, hands-free audio, Mobile phones, headsets, PDAs, etc.


Comparison overview

Bluetooth ZigbeeFHSS DSSSAIR INTERFACE

250 kb 28 kbPROTOCOL STACK

Rechargeable Non-rechargeableBATTERY

8 2^16DEVICES/NETWORK

1Mbps 20-250kbpsLINK RATE

~10 meters ~10 to 100 metersRANGE


Protocol Makes the DifferenceBluetooth

Moderate duty cycleWire replacement for consumer devices that need moderate data rates with very high QoSQuasi-static star network structure with up to 7 clients (and ability to participate in more than one network simultaneously)Generally used in applications where either power is cycled (headsets, cellphones) or mains-powered (printers, car kits)

ZigBeeVery low duty cycle, very long primary battery life applicationsStatic and dynamic star and mesh network structures with potentially a very large number (>>65534) of client units, low latency available but not necessaryAbility to remain quiescent for long periods of time without communicating to the network

ZigBee Protocol was developed to serve very different applications than Bluetooth and leads to tremendous optimizations in power consumption


Timing Considerations

Bluetooth:• Network join time = >3s• Sleeping slave changing to active = 3s typically• Active slave channel access time = 2ms typically

ZigBee protocol is optimized for timing critical applications

ZigBee:• Network join time = 30ms typically • Sleeping slave changing to active = 15ms typically• Active slave channel access time = 15ms typically


Battery LifeScenario analysis based on published data for CSR Bluetooth Radio

and Freescale Zigbee system (RFIC and GB60 MCU)Example 1 High-Duty Cycle

5 Byte Data Transmission in intervals of 1.28sassuming 200 mAh available battery capacity

Battery lifetime based on CSR-Bluecore-2: 15 daysBattery lifetime based on Freescale ZigBee: 33 days

Example 2 ‘Event Driven’ Applications (security system scenario)Network Coordinator is on all the time (not battery powered) Sensor transmitting every 60sec + 10 events per days Based on 2 AA Batteries

Battery lifetime based on CSR-Bluecore-2: 100 daysBattery lifetime based on Freescale ZigBee: 3559 days or 9.8 years (exceeds Battery life)


Summary

Bluetooth and ZigBee transceiver physical characteristics are very similar

Protocols are substantially different and designed for different purposes

ZigBee designed for very low duty cycle static, long battery life and dynamic environments with many active nodesBluetooth designed for high QoS, variety of duty cycles,

moderate data rates in fairly static simple networks with limited active nodes


ZigBee Market SAM

-20,00040,00060,00080,000

100,000120,000140,000

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Units

(K)

Other Connectivity 802.15.4/ZigBee FSL Units

Commercial Wireless Market Analysis SAM Units

Source: InStat 2004 08 Aug ZigBee in a Box

9%

30%

31%

40%

30%


802.15.4/ZigBee Market Size

Strong growth in areas such as wireless sensors will help fuel the growth of 802.15.4 and ZigBee

Harbor Research reports that by 2008, 100 million wireless sensors will be in useOn World reports that by 2010, more than 500 million nodes will ship for wireless sensor applicationsABI Research forecasts shipments of ZigBee devices in 2005 at about 1 million, growing to 80 million units by the end of 2006In-Stat 2004 report has an aggressive forecast of over 120 millionannual units of 802.15.4 and ZigBee chipsets by 2008


Useful WebsiteZigbee Alliance Website

http://www.ZigBee.org

IEEE 802.15.4 Websitehttp://www.ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html

Freescale Zigbee Websitehttp://www.freescale.com/zigbee


上海顺舟网络科技有限公司

http://www.shuncom.com/

Documents

ZigBee Overviewread.pudn.com/downloads114/doc/477968/ZB培训资料/1... · 2006-09-03 · Zigbee Alliance zThe ZigBee Alliance is an association of companies working together to