Zn and Pb

Zn and Pb

Zn and Pb

Zn and Pb

Al & Mg

a) Carbon anode; b) Electrolyte; c)Insulation; d) Carbon lining; e) Current collector bar; f) Thermal insulation; g) Steel shell; h) Carbon block; i) Ledge; j) Crust; k) Alumina cover; l) Removable covers; m) Anode rods; n) Fume collection; o) Air cylinder; p) Feeder; q) Current supply; r) Crust breaker

Al …………b.v 1950oCAl2O3………b.t. 2050oCNa3AlF6….. b.t. 1010oC

Composition of electrolyte: 5-10% Al2O3 cryolit, AlF3, CaF2,,,LiF – 970 oC 2,1 g/cm3 (Al 2,7 g/cm3 )

Dissociation: Al2O3 → Al 3+ + AlO3

3-

Cathode: Al 3+ + 3 e → Al (l)Anode: 2 AlO3

3- - 6 e → Al2O3 + 1,5 O2

1,5 O2 + C → 3 CO (CO2) 4F- + C - 4 e → CF4

Al & Mg

Cu

Ni