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Energy Efficient Building Envelope Kiev, 13.5.2010

Dr.‐Ing. R. Himmler

energydesign stuttgart –Ingenieurgesellschaft mbHGropiusplatz 10 70563 StuttgartGermany

www.energydesign‐st.comrobert.himmler@energydesign‐st.com

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Cooperation

m-g-hingenieure + architekten GmbH

stuttgart

Working Group

Energy Efficient Pilot Project Ukraine ‐ Structure

Consultancy

Consultancy

Contracted forImplementation

Building OwnerArchitect

Structural EngineerHVAC Engineer

Contractor

Building Design Team

Ministry for Construction

Ministry for Environment

Energy Efficient Pilot Project

Design

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Development of energy‐efficient buildingconcepts during the planning stage and implementation

Objectives of the „Energy Efficient Pilot Project“

Awarness‐raising within the relevant national and municipal institutions, associations, chambers and the general public

Training and instruction of architects, engineers, municipalities and constructioncompanies

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Berlin Kiev Abu Dhabi

Building Envelopes – Nowadays

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Hot and Humid Climate

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Cold and Dry Climate

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Traditional Buildings in Ukraine

sufficientwindow/wall area

passive shading system

thermal insulation

CO2 neutralenergy supply

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SQ

Solar

Qi

Internal Gains

T

T

Q

Q

Transmission

VQ

Ventilation

Qh (Heating Demand)=Qh=

( QS Qi )+ηHeat Gains

+ -QT QV

Heat Loss -

Energy Balance of a Building 

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30 %

20 %

50 %

50 %

Ventilation

QV

internalQ i

50 %Trans‐mission 

QT

HeatingDemand

Q h

Heating

Energy [k

Wh/m

2 ]

NutzbareGewinne

120

110

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Heat Losses ‐ Heat Gains =       Heating Demand (Qh)

passiv‐solarQS

Source: TU Braunschweig, IGS

Heating Demand – Energy Balance

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Source: TU Braunschweig, IGS

Compact Building Design ‐ Surface‐to‐Volume Ratio 

A      Area of Building Envelope

V      Volume of Building                  

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Source: AAA Architects

A/V = 0,24

Kiev, Sherbakova

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Building Orientation

avoid high plants (e.g. trees)

Southwest Southeast

N

Shading Angle 15°

Passive solar gains ‐ shading

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• Stepping of Buildings• Roof Forms

Passive solar gains ‐ shading

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Urban City Design – Considering Orientation of the Buildings

Heating Demand

Solar Gains

Appartment Area

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Solarisation of Urban Planning ‐ Passive House Neighbourhood Ulm

SOUTH

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1 Solar Radiation in Summertime2 Solar Radiation in Wintertime3 Terrasse4 Living Room5 Storage Room6 Massiv Walls (Heat Storage)7 Stone Floor (Heat Storage)

Heating

Que

lle: M

. Tre

bers

prun

g, N

eues

Bau

en m

it de

r Son

ne

6

Shading inSummer

Solar Heatingin Winter

Solarhaus des Sokrates (469 ‐ 397 v. Chr.)

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Roller Shutter ‐ Examples

Advantages:‐ improves thermal comfort‐ reduces cooling demand‐ blinds‐ burglar protection

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Thermal Insulation: Roof, Walls, Floors

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monolithic

thermal insulationcomposite system

light‐frameconstruction sandwich

Wall types

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U‐Value U‐Value[W/m²K]  [W/m²K] 

Wall 10 cm < 0,45  30 cm < 0,15also monolithic

EnEV‐Standard Passive House

Roof 16 cm < 0,35  40 cm < 0,1

Windows 2‐fach < 1,70  3‐fach < 0,8

Comparison of Insulation Standards

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Only Good Quality during the Construction Process Guarantees Good Results!S

ourc

e: S

toC

rete

cS

ourc

e: H

asit

ThermalInsulation

Adhesive

Wall

-15°C 20°C 20°C-15°C

0°C

QT QT

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very bad,heat bridges can lead tocondensation and mould

better optimised solution

Heat Bridges

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conventionalsolution

improvedsolution

Example: connection wall ‐ floor

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Standard Frame covered by insulation

Frame shifted into insulation layer

Ψ= 0,55

 W/(mK)

Reduce Heat Bridges!

Ψ= 0,12

 W/(mK)

Ψ= 0,03

 W/(mK)

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Heat bridges lead to condensation and mould

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Air Tight Building Envelope

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air tight:

• plaster

• concrete

• steam brake / plastic

• wood

• glazing / window frames

not air tight:

• thermal insulation

• foam insulation

• brick wall

Which materials are air tight?

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Example for damaged steam brake

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concept

comissioning

design

construction

Quality Control during Design, Construction and Commissioning

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pressuredifference: 50 Pa

leakage

ventilator

n50 limit defined by German standard DIN 4108

Blower‐Door‐Test

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Thermography for Quality Control of the Facade 

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Summary

• adapt the building envelope to the climate

• plan compact buildings with low A/V ratio

• increase passive solar heat gains through windows with south orientation

• don‘t forget sun shading and passive cooling strategies, avoid HVAC

• thoroughly plan a thermal insulation and air tightness strategy

• pay attention to construction details (heat bridges, air leakage)

• teach the craftsmen and carry our construction site inspections

• check the building quality with blower door tests or thermography

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Heat Pump Workshop: 23.6.2010

Thank you for

your attention!