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wignidan: `alJiris” tyveTa portretebi: stalinizmis istoriidan

hainrih biolis fondi

Tbilisi

2008

წიგნიდან:

"ალჟირის" ტყვეთა პორტრეტები: სტალინიზმის ისტორიიდან, ჰაინრიჰ ბიოლის ფონდი, თბ., 2008

akmolinskis banaki samSoblos moRalateTa colebisaTvis

( alJiri )

istoriuli cnoba

arseni roginski

aleqsandr danieli

Tema@`qali banakSi~ _ yovelTvis tragikulia, tragikulia Tavisi arsiT.

SemTxveviTi araa, rom sabanako memuaristikis yvelaze mkafio da yvelaze saSineli

furclebi qalis kalmiTaa dawerili: evgenia ginzburgis `rTuli marSruti~,

ekaterina olickaias `Cemi mogonebebi~, nadeJda surovcevas, olga adamova-

sliozbergis, xava voloviCis, ada voitolovskaias da sxvaTa aTobiT memuari.

kolimis, vorkutis, norilskisa da taiSetis qalebis mier da maTze dawerili

gulagis yvelaze Rirebuli da yvelaze STambeWdavi damowmebaa.

da mainc, TviT `qalTa TemaSi~ yaragandis banakis istorias gansakuTrebuli

adgili uWiravs. swored aq, 1938 wels, 26-e SromiTi dasaxlebis bazaze

akmolinskis qalTa specganyofileba gaixsna, `gulagis arqipelagis~ sami

kunZulidan erT-erTi, sadac xelisuflebas isini Cahyavda, vinc Tavisi patimrobis

vada miiRo, rogorc `smow-ma~ _ `samSoblos moRalatis ojaxis wevrma~.

danarCeni ori banaki, sadac 1937-38 wlebSi `moRalateTa colebs~ gzavnidnen,

mordveTSi da tomskSi iyo ganlagebuli.

akmolinskeli patimari qalebi TavianT kunZuls erTmaneTTan saubrisas

naxevradxumrobiT moixseniebdnen egzotikuri sityviT “alJir” _ akmolinskis

samSoblos moRalateTa colebis banaki.

* * *

prevenciuli dapatimrebebi, proskripciebi, mZevloba da `krugovaia poruka~,

koleqtiuri pasuxismgeblobis principi, represiebi ama Tu im jgufisTvis

mikuTvnebulobis niSniT _ bolSevikTa yvela es iuridiuli novatoroba (ufro

zustad, kargad gaxsenebuli Zveli gamocdileba, kacobriobis istoriis



barbarosul epoqaTa memkvidreoba) sabWoTa xelisuflebis pirvelive Tveebidan

daedo safuZvlad politikur represiebs.

1918-1920 wlebSi `kontrrevolucionerTa~ mSoblebs, colebs, Svilebs

apatimrebdnen. iZulebiT samuSaoze gzavnidnen, sakoncentracio banakebSi

amwyvdevdnen, xvretdnen. maSinac da samoqalaqo omis damTavrebis Semdegac

apatimrebdnen da aseve xvretdnen, banakebSi gzavnidnen glexTa ajanyebebis

monawileTa naTesavebs. `kontrrevoluciur elementTa~ ojaxis wevrebis devna

epizodurad mTeli 1920-iani wlebis ganmavlobaSi xdeboda.

ojaxebis winaaRmdeg represiebs TiTqmis centraluri adgili uWiravs

koleqtivizaciis istoriaSic. rogorc cnobilia, `kulakebi~ sam kategoriad iyvnen

dayofili. isini, vinc xelisuflebam pirvel kategorias, anu `kontrrevoluciur

aqtivs~ miakuTvna, daapatimres da Semdeg daxvrites an banakebSi gagzavnes. maTi

ojaxebi ki `kavSiris CrdiloeT raionebSi~ unda gaegzavnaT. es sabWoTa

istoriaSi, represirebulTa ojaxis wevrebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli yvelaze

masobrivi operacia iyo. mas dapatimrebul glexTa asiaTasobiT naTesavi

emsxverpla.1

1934 wels sabWoTa kanonmdeblobaSi Cndeba termini `[samSoblos]

moRalatis ojaxis wevri~. ssrk cak-is 8 ivnisis dadgenilebiT isjebodnen

sazRvargareT gaqceul samxedro mosamsaxureTa ojaxebi. imis mixedviT

(gamomZiebelTa azriT), icodnen Tu ara gaqceulTa gegmebis Sesaxeb, ojaxis

wevrebs sjidnen banakiT 5-dan 10 wlamde an cimbirSi gadasaxlebiT 5 wliT2.

`yofilTa~ (Tavadaznaurobis, sasuliero da msxvili burJuaziis wridan

gamosulTa) ojaxebis gasaxleba leningradidan 1935 wels, `antisabWoTa

elementebis~ ojaxTa deportaciebi dasavleT ukrainidan, dasavleT belorusiidan,

baltiispireTidan 1939-1941 wlebSi, moRalateTa (namdvil da arcTu ise)

ojaxebis dapatimrebebi da gadasaxlebebi omis wlebSi da omis Semdgom,

baltiispireTisa da dasavleT ukrainis nacionaluri winaaRmdegobis monawileTa

ojaxebis omisSemdgomi gadasaxlebebi _ es CamonaTvali SeiZleba kidec Seivsos da

kidec gagrZeldes.

1937 wlis ivlisis pirvel ricxvebSi miRebul iqna gadawyvetilebebi,

romlebmac gansazRvres teroris mravali aTasi momavali msxverplis bedi. maTgan

1 rac Seexeba meore da mesame kategoriis gankulakebulT, aq represia imTaviTve mimarTuli iyo

mTeli glexuri meurneobis winaaRmdeg.gankulakebul mamas da meuRles Semdeg ki ar miayolebdnen

xolme col-Svils, aramed asaxlebdnen mTel ojaxs, rogorc aseTs. 2 zogierT smows 1937-38 wlebSi dapatimrebis mizezad dakiTxvaze ganumartavdnen, rom maTze

axla vrceldeboda kanoni ardabrunebulTa ojaxebis Sesaxeb. ix. Mамаева Е.А., Жизнь

прожить...1998. С.77.



mTavaria _ politbiuros 2 ivlisis dadgenileba “antisabWoTa elementebis

Sesaxeb”, romelmac startis niSani misca “didi teroris” epoqis yvelaze

masStabur operacias. am gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze ivlisis bolosTvis

momzaddeba Sinsaxkomis /НКВД/ saxelganTqmuli operatiuli brZaneba # 00447

(“kulakuri brZaneba”), romlis Tanaxmadac specialurad Seqmnili НКВД_УНКВД-s

sameulebi 1937 wlis 5 agvistodan 1938 wlis Sua noembramde gaasamarTleben

aranakleb 800 aTasi adamianisa, maTgan naxevars daxvretas miusjian3.

rogorc Cans, swored ivlisis am pirvel dReebSi moxda Semobruneba

gegmebSic “xalxis mterTa” ojaxebisTvis momzadebuli xvedris Sesaxeb. 1937 wlis

3 ivliss maTi Semdgomi dapatimrebis mizniT “kulakTa” aRricxvis Catarebis

moTxovnis depeSasTan erTad eJovma Tavis qveSevrdomebs ori gankarguleba

gaugzavna.

pirveli moiTxovda ssrk-s uzenaesi sasamarTlos samxedro kolegiis mier

gasamarTlebulTa ojaxebis ukve dawyebuli gasaxlebis droebiT SeCerebas.

pirdapir iyo miTiTebuli droebiTi SeCerebis mizezic: “es ojaxebi uaxloes

xanebSi damwyvdeuli iqnebian specialur banakebSi”.

meore gankarguleba daegzavna УУНКВДУ-s yvela ufross:

“a.w. ivlisisaTvis warmomidgineT im pirTa yvela ojaxis siebi, romlebic

1934 wlis pirveli dekembris Semdgom iqnen gasamarTlebulni uzenaesi

sasamarTlos samxedro kolegiis mier pirveli, meore da mesame kategoriiT,

agreTve, sasamarTloTa speckolegiebis mier gasamarTlebulTa socialurad

saSiSi ojaxebis siebi.

siebSi mieTiTos:

1) ojaxis gasamarTlebuli ufrosis gvari, saxeli, mamis saxeli, romeli

kategoriiT aris gasamarTlebuli;

2) gasamarTlebulis ojaxis wevrTa gvarebi, saxelebi, mamis saxelebi,

agreTve maTi asaki, sad da ra Tanamdebobaze muSaoben an romel saswavlo

dawesebulebaSi swavloben.

ojaxis SemadgenlobaSi CaiTvalos: coli, qmari, Svilebi, agreTve, maT

kmayofaze myofi da maTTan erTad mcxovrebi mama, deda, Zmebi da debi. es ojaxebi

uaxloes xanebSi moTavsdebian specialur banakebSi.

3 1937 wlis agvistodan moyolebuli, НКВД gamoscems kidev ramdenime specialur brZanebas e.w.

“nacionaluri operaciebis” Catarebis Sesaxeb, romelTa Sedegad 1937-38 wlebis teroris

msxverplTa ricxvi TiTqmis 350 aTasiT gaizarda. dasaxelebuli cifrebi eyrdnoba 1937-38 w.w.

politikuri represiebis statistikis Seswavlis Sedegebs; kvleva Caatara “memorialis”

TanamSromelTa jgufma.



Tqvengan siebis miRebis Semdeg miTiTebas am ojaxebis banakebSi gagzavnis

wesis Sesaxeb mogawvdiT damatebiT. eJovi4 .

dabolos, imave dRes, 1937 wlis 3 ivliss dasavleT cimbiris mxaris

УНКВД-s ufrosis mironovisa da yazaxeTis Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisris

zalinis saxelze moskovidan gaigzavna kidev erTi Sifrotelegrama, romelic

dagegmili operaciis mniSvnelovan detalebs Seicavda. mas xels awerda

gulagis ufrosi m. bermani, magram ueWvelia, rom gankarguleba, romelic

masSia gawerili, eJovisgan momdinareobs:

uaxloes xanebSi gasamarTldebian da gansakuTrebiT gaZlierebuli reJimis

pirobebSi unda izolirdnen daxvretil trockistTa da memarjveneTa ojaxebi,

daaxloebiT 6-7 aTasi adamiani, upiratesad qalebi da moxucTa umniSvnelo

raodenoba. maTTan erTad gaigzavnebian skolamdeli asakis bavSvebi.

am kontingentis mosavlelad aucilebelia ori sakoncentracio banakis

organizeba daaxloebiT sam aTas kacze, mkacri reJimiT, gaZlierebuli dacviT

(mxolod Tavisufal daqiravebulTagan), rac gamoricxavs gaqcevebs, aucilebeli

SemoRobviT mavTulxlarTiT an RobiT, sayaraulo koSkebiT da msgavsi rameebiT,

kontingenti gamoyenebuli unda iyos samuSaoze banakis SigniT.

vinaidan aucilebelia am banakebis swrafad Seqmna, yvelaze mizanSewonilad

mimaCnia maTi organizeba narimSi da yaragandaSi arsebuli SromiTi dasaxlebebis

bazaze; pirvel rigSiGunda gamoyenebul iqnas Tavisufali an is nawilobriv

Sesaxlebuli Senobebi, romlebic swrafad SeiZleba gamoTavisufldes iq myof

gadasaxlebulTa sxvagan gadaadgilebis Sedegad.

gTavazobT, swrafad daamuSaoT narimSi da yazaxeTSi sakoncentracio

banakebis organizebis sakiTxi, TiToeuli _ sam aTas kacze“.5

bermanis depeSa _ pirveli dokumentia, romelsac pirdapiri da uSualo

kavSiri aqvs alJiris SeqmnasTan.

* * *

am depeSebSi bevri ram bundovani rCeboda: banakebSi yvela gasamarTlebulis

ojaxebi gaigzavneboda Tu mxolod maTi ojaxebi, visac daxvreta hqonda misjili,

axali represiebi mxolod “trockistTa da memarjveneTa” ojaxebs unda Sexeboda

Tu amas safuZvlad aRebulia saxeldobr samxedro kolegiis mier gasamarTlebis

principi (braldebis Semadgenlobisgan damoukideblad) edo, ra unda eqnaT sxva

organoTa mier gasamarTlebulTa ojaxebsTvis. cxadi mxolod erTia _ 1937 wlis

4 rf-s ufs-s centraluri arqivi, Ф.3., Оп.4., Д.147., Л.315. 5iqve, furceli 310-311



ivlisisaTvis msjavrdebulTa ojaxis wevrebis mniSvnelovani nawilis mimarT

gasaxleba represiis arasakmaris zomad miiCnies da gadawyvites misis banakebSi

gamomwyvdeviT Canacvleba.

“samSoblos moRalateTa” colebis winaaRmdeg momavali operaciis

konturebi sabolood kidev ori dRis Semdeg gamoikveTa _ 1937 wlis 5

ivliss politbiurom daadgina:

“1. miRebul iqnes Sinsaxkomis winadadeba 5-8 wliT banakebSi

gamwesebis Sesaxeb samSoblos moRalateTa, memarjvene-trockistuli

jaSuSur-diversiuli organizaciis wevrTa yvela colisa,warmodgenili siis

mixedviT.

2. winadadeba mieces Sinsaxkoms, moawyos amisaTvis specialuri

banakebi narimis mxareSi da yazaxeTis turgais raionSi.

3. samomavlod dadgindes wesi, romlis mixedviTac gamovlenil

samSoblos moRalateTa, memarjvene-trockist jaSuSTa yvela coli

daeqvemdebareba banakSi gamwesebas aranakleb 5-8 wliT.

4. msjavrdebis Semdeg darCenili 15 wlamde asakis yveli oboli

bavSvi ayvanil iqnas saxelmwifos kmayofaze, rac Seexeba 15 welze meti

asakis bavSvebs, maTi sakiTxebi gadawydes individualurad.

5. Sinsaxkoms winadadeba mieces ganaTavson bavSvebi respublikebis

ganaTlebis saxalxo komisariatTa sabavSvo saxlebisa da daxuruli

internatebis arsebul qselSi.

yvela bavSvi unda ganTavsdes qalaqebSi, garda moskovisa,

leningradisa, kievisa, Tbilisisa, minskisa, zRvispira da sazRvrispira

qalaqebisa”6.

* * *

1937 wlis 5 ivlisis Semdeg SinsaxkomSi daiwyo gaZlierebuli mzadeba

momavali operaciisaTvis.

6 dadgenilebis fototipuri gamocema ix.: sazogadoeba “memorialis” mmarTvelobis sainformacio

biuletenSi seqtemberi, 1999, #12. gv. 18. agreTve: gulagis bavSvebi, 1918-1956,Sedgenili

s.s.vilenskisa da sxvaTa mier. moskovi, 2002.gv. 229-230. aqve unda aRvniSnoT,rom am wignSi

warmodgenilia dokumentTa didi korpusi bavSvebis _ smow-ebis Sesaxeb.



aRiricxa dapatimrebulTa da msjavrdebulTa ojaxebis yvela wevri.

monacemebi igzavneboda moskovSi, sadac maT Sinsaxkomis centraluri aparatis

aRricxvisa da statistikis ganyofilebis TanamSromlebi amuSavebdnen. miwer-

mowera mimdinareobda ganaTlebis saxalxo komisariatTan sabavSvo saxlebSi

adgilebis momzadebis Sesaxeb, FfarTovdeboda Sinsaxkomis bavSvTa mimReb-

gamanawileblebis qseli. grZeldeboda qalTa banakebis mosawyobad Sesaferisi

adgilebis Zebna.

sabolood, 1937 wlis 15 agvistos gamoica ssrk Sinsaxkomis brZaneba #

00486.

Tu imave wlis 5 ivlisis politbiuros lapidaruli gadawyvetileba

SeiZleba CaiTvalos dokumentad, romelic inicirebas ukeTebs Sinsaxkomis

operacias “samSoblos moRalateTa” colebis winaaRmdeg, es mravalgverdiani

brZaneba iyo dokumenti, romelic am operaciis dawvrilebiT reglamentacias

warmoadgenda. es dokumenti ukanasknel wlebSi araerTxel gamoqveynda,7 amitom

mivuTiTebT mis mxolod sam yvelaze mniSvnelovan debulebas.

pirvel yovlisa, am brZanebis Tanaxmad, dapatimrebas eqvemdebarebodnen imaTi

colebi, visac 1936 wlis 1 agvistodan miesaja daxvreta, cixe an banaki uzenaesi

sasamarTlos samxedro kolegiis an samxedro tribunalebis mier “memarjvene-

trockistul jaSuSur-diversiul organizaciebSi” saqmianobis gamo.

meorec _ SemdgomSi evalebodaT “momavalSi gamovlenil samSoblos

moRalateTa, memarjvene-trockist jaSuSTa yvela coli dapatimrebul iqnes

qmrebTan erTad”.

mesamec _ gansazRvruli iyo ganaCenTa gaformebis meqanizmi _ ssrk

Sinsaxkomis sagangebo TaTbiri da patimrobis vada _ “aranakleb 5-8 weli”.

dabolos _ yvelaze arsebiTi _ politbiuros gadawyvetilebis kvaldakval

brZaneba eZRvneba saxeldobr colebs da Svilebs, da ara zogadad ojaxis wevrebs,

rogorc es Sinsaxkomis ufro adrindel dokumentebSia.

Tumca, daviwyebuli arc msjavrdebulTa sxva kategoriebis naTesavebi arian.

magram zomebi, romlebic Sinsaxkomis organoebma am kategoriebis mimarT unda

miiRon, bevrad ufro individualizebulia. ase, msjavrdebulTa yofili colebi

dapatimrebas mxolod im SemTxvevaSi eqvemdebarebian, Tu isini monawileobdnen

msjavrdebulis “kontrrevoluciur saqmianobaSi”, malavdnen an icodnen mainc amis

Sesaxeb da ar daabezRes. 15 welze meti asakis bavSvebic aseve mxolod maSin

7 pirvelad gamoqveynda: memorial-aspeqti. 1993, #2/3, n.g. oxotinis publ. ix. agreTve: gulagis

bavSvebi. 1918-1956 , moskovi,2002 gv. 234-238.



eqvemdebarebodnen dapatimrebas, roca maT cnobdnen “socialurad saSiSad da

antisabWoTa qmedebis Cadenis SemZled”. am SemTxvevaSi maTi saqmeebi, iseve, rogorc

dapatimrebul colTa saqmeebi, gansaxilvelad sagangebo TaTbirs (ОСО)

gadaecemoda. marTalia, msjavrdebuli Svilebi SeiZleba ara marto banakSi an

Sroma-gasworebis koloniaSi gaegzavnaT, aramed “gaemwesebinaT gansakuTrebuli

reJimis sabavSvo saxlebSi”.

dabolos, unda SevniSnoT, rom brZanebis Tanaxmad, orsuli qalebis, mZime

avadmyofebis, meZuZurebis, agreTve xnieri colebis dapatimreba droebiT unda

gadadebuliyo. Tumca, brZanebis sxva adgilas maTi Semdgomi bedis Sesaxeb mkafiod

aris naTqvami: “samSoblos moRalateTa msjavrdebuli colebi, romlebic ar iyvnen

dapatimrebuli avadmyofobis an avadmyofi bavSvebis yolis gamo,

gamojanmrTelebisTanave dapatimrdebian da gaigzavnebian banakSi. samSoblos

moRalateTa meZuZuri colebi ganaCenis gamotanisTanave dapatimrdebian da cixeSi

Segzavnis gareSe igzavnebian uSualod banakSi. aseve unda moeqceT xnier

msjavrdebul colebs”.

brZanebis mniSvnelovani nawili eTmoba dedis dapatimrebis Semdeg

umeTvalyureod darCenil bavSvebs. Cvilebi erTidan sam wlamde igzavnebodnen

jandacvis saxalxo komisariatis bagebSi da sabavSvo saxlebSi, bavSvebi 3-dan 15

wlamde _ ganaTlebis saxalxo komisariatis sabavSvo saxlebSi. amasTanave,

specialurad iyo miTiTebuli, rom Tu “darCenili oblebis TavianT srul

kmayofaze ayvanas sxva naTesavebi (ararepresirebuli) moindomeben _ amas ar

SeewinaaRmdegoT”.

* * *

stalinis TvalsazrisiT qalebi, romlebic represirdebodnen # 00486

brZanebis CarCoebSi, mxolod “xalxis mtrebis” colebi ar iyvnen. isini iyvnen

colebi “mTavari mtrebisa”: “trockist-buxarinel SeTqmulTa” _ partiul da

sabWoTa moRvaweTa, mrewvelobis xelmZRvanelTa, gamoCenil samxedroTa, kulturis

moRvaweTa8 . Tanamedrove enaze rom vTqvaT, elitis colebi iyvnen. swored im

8 gagaxsenebT, rom represirebulTa am kategoriis bedis gansazRvraSi stalini piradad

monawileobda. 1937-38 wlebSi, manam, sanam saqme samxedro kolegias gaegzavneboda xolme, igi

(Tavis uaxloes garemocvasTan erTad, Cveulebriv _ molotovTan, voroSilovTan, kaganoviCTan,

JdanovTan erTad) aTvalierebda da vizas aZlevda momaval msjavrdebulTa Sinsaxkomis mier

warmodgenil siebs. amis Semdeg samxedro kolegias isRa rCeboda, Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT “beWedi

daesva” faqtobrivad ukve gamotanili ganaCenisaTvis (80%-ze met SemTxvevaSi _ daxvreta). xolo

1937 wlis agvistodan, operaciis dawyebis Semdeg, Sinsaxkomis #00486 brZanebis Tanaxmad



elitisa, romelic sabWoTa xelisuflebis pirvel or aTwleulSi Camoyalibda da

romelsac stalini (ara mTlianad, rasakvirvelia, aramed mis mniSvnelovan

nawils) 30-iani wlebis Sua periodisaTvis ganixilavda an rogorc balasts, an

rogorc mudmiv wyaros SeTqmulebebisa swored am xelisuflebis an piradad mis

winaaRmdeg. saukunis dasawyisis revolucioner-iatakqveSelTa ojaxur yofaze

dakvirvebis sakuTari gamocdileba hkarnaxobda: yofil TanamebrZolTa da momxreTa

_ rogorc xnierTa, ise axalgazrdaTa _ colebi TavianTi qmrebis mxares unda

yofiliyvnen. beladis logikiT es sulac ar niSnavda imas, rom isini pirdapir

exmarebodnen maT “kontrrevoluciur saqmianobaSi”. magram icodnen amis Sesaxeb, ar

SeiZleboda, rom ar scodnodaT. da es codna, SesaZloa TanagrZnobac, aqcevda am

qalebs TavianTi qmrebis Tanamoazreebad mis TvalSi. swored am juris

warmodgenebi daedo safuZvlad represiebs colebis winaaRmdeg.

“samSoblos moRalateTa” colebis dapatimrebebi 1937 wlis 15 agvistos

Semdeg maSinve daiwyo.

Cveulebriv, colebs qmrebze ramdenime dRiT, kviriT da TviT gvianac ki

apatimrebdnen, radgan colisTvis ganaCenis gamotana mxolod qmris gasamarTlebis

Semdeg SeeZloT.

sagangebo TaTbiris dadgenilebebSi braldebis nacvlad figurirebs

formula “rogorc samSoblos moRalatis ojaxis wevri”, zogjer ki pirdapir

abreviatura _ smow (ЧСИР) .

xandaxan dapatimrebul smow-Ta ricxvSi xvdebodnen agreTve

msjavrdebulTa debi da mSoblebi. cnobilia SemTxvevebi, roca erT banakSi (maT

samxedro kolegiis mier qmrisTvis gamotanil ganaCens avtomaturad mosdevda sagangebo TaTbiris

(ОСО) ganaCeni colisTvis. ise, rom gadaWarbebuli ar iqneba, Tu vityviT, rom colebisTvis

ganaCeni arsebiTad imave adamianebs gamohqondaT, romlebmac sikvdili miusajes maT qmrebs, radgan

faqtobrivad isev da isev “stalinuri siebisaken” migviTiTebdnen. “stalinuri siebi” (maTSi 40

000-ze meti saxelia) gamoqveynebulia eleqtronuli saxiT sazogadoeba “memorialis” mier. ix.

kompaqt-diski: dasaxvretTa stalinuri siebi, moskovi,memorial-rgolebi, 2002.



Soris alJirSic) erTdroulad imyofebodnen deda da qaliSvili _ orive,

rogorc smow-i.

1937 wlis oqtomberSi sarepresio colTa “kontingenti” mkveTrad

gafarTovda. eJovis specialuri gankargulebiT # 00486 brZaneba gavrcelda maT

colebzec, vinc dapatimrebuli iyo “polonuri xaziT’, Semdeg rumineli da

germaneli “jaSuSebis” colebze da “xarbinelebis” colebze ( КВЖД _ CineT-

aRmosavleTis rkinigzis _ manjuriidan dabrunebuli yofili TanamSromlebi,

romelTac bralad edebodaT jaSuSoba iaponiis sasargeblod).

1938 wlis Semodgomaze mkafiod gamoikveTa kursi 1937 wlis zafxulSi

dawyebuli “masobrivi operaciebis” Semcirebisken. 1938 wlis oqtomberSi gauqmda

# 00486 brZanebis 36-e punqti _ xalxis mtrebis colebis qmrebTan erTdroulad

dapatimrebis aucileblobis Sesaxeb. TviT brZaneba Zalas inarCunebda kidev xuTi

kviris ganmavlobaSi. sabolood gauqmda 1938 wlis 26 noembers.

* * *

sul ramdeni qali iqna gagzavnili banakebSi 1937-38 wlebSi, rogorc

“samSoblos moRalatis ojaxis wevri”? zusti cifri CvenTvis ucnobia9. misi

aRdgena SeiZleba mxolod sagangebo TaTbiris ( ОСО) oqmebis mixedviT, romlebic

samwuxarod CvenTvis jer kidev miuwvdomelia. garkveul orientirad SeiZleba

gamogvadges monacemebi zemoT naxsenebi baraTisa, romelic 1938 wlis 5 oqtombriT

aris daTariRebuli. masSi Sinsaxkomis xelmZRvaneloba stalins atyobinebs, rom

# 00486 brZanebis safuZvelze sul “arasruli monacemebiT represirebulia

dapatimrebul moRalateTa 18 000-ze meti coli, maT Soris _ moskovidan 3 000-

ze meti da leningradidan daaxloebiT 1 500”10 .

9 “ojaxis wevrTa” mimarT represiis SesaZleblobebi marto #00486 brZanebiT ar iyo uzrunvelyofili.aseT SesaZleblobebs iZleoda, magaliTad, zemoT naxsenebi “kulakuri brZaneba”. igi Seicavda punqts, romlis Tanaxmadac represirebulis ojaxis srulwlovani wevrebi SeiZleba gagzavniliyvnen SromiT dasaxlebebSi an banakebSi, Tu maT “xelewifebaT aqtiuri antisabWoTa qmedebebi” an yovel SemTxvevaSi, unda gasaxlebuliyvnen reJimuli qalaqebidan da sasazRvro teritoriebidan. 10 ufb-s centraluri arqivi. Ф.3, Оп.5, Д. 79, Л. 281. vfiqrobT, rom represirebuli colebis aq dasaxelebuli ricxvi ar aris Semcirebuli. ufro gviandel dokumentSi, Sinsaxkomis pirveli specganyofilebis ufrosis _ petrovis 1939 wlis noembris raportSi berias saxelze, romelic eZRvneba konfiskebuli qonebis problemebs, dasaxelebulia ufro mcire ricxvi _ 12,5 aTasi. magram dokumentis konteqstidan ar Cans, es ricxvi #00486 brZanebiT msjavrdebul yvela cols moicavs,

Tu mxolod maT, visTanac konfiskacia Catarda (ix. iqve. Оп. 6, Д. 839, Л. 71-73). SeiZleba gagvikvirdes, Tu msjavrdebuli colebis ricxvs SevadarebT uzenaesi sasamarTlos samxedro kolegiis ricxvobriv SedegebTan (tribunalebiT msjavrdebulTa saerTo ricxvi gacilebiT naklebi iyo), 1936 wlis 1 oqtombridan 1938 wlis 1 noembramde ussk-m (uzenaesi sasamarTlos samxedro komisia) da misma gamsvlelma sesiebma msjavri dasdes 39 745 adamians. am Seusabamobas ramdenime



ufro zustia monacemebi “CamorTmeul” bavSvebze. Sinsaxkomis

administraciul-sameurneo sammarTveloSi, romelic ganagebda am bavSvebis

ganawilebas sabavSvo dawesebulebebSi, mkacri aRricxva mimdinareobda. Semonaxuli

Sidauwyebrivi da uwyebaTaSorisi mimoweridan vigebT ara marto maT raodenobas,

aramed imasac, rom # 00486 brZanebis mixedviT Catarebuli mTeli operacia

nawilobriv “gegmiuri xasiaTisa” iyo.

jer kidev operaciis dawyebamde eJovi dawvrilebiT atyobinebda stalins

momavali “CamorTmevebis” Sesaxeb: “saorientacio gaTvlebiT pirveli kategoriis

bavSvebi iqnebian 5 000-mde suli”11 . Semdeg is werda: “bavSvebis ganTavsebas ise

vapirebT, rom ramdenime mSoblis Svilebi erTi qalaqidan, romlebic

dakavSirebuli arian saerTo nacnobobiT an naTesaobiT, ver moxvdnen erTsa da

imave sabavSvo saxlSi. amasTanave, rogorc wesi, erT olqSi mcxovrebi bavSvebi

aucileblad iqnebian gadayvanili sxva olqis sabavSvo saxlebSi”12 .

magram CamosarTmev bavSvTa raodenoba gacilebiT meti aRmoCnda. 1937 wlis

27 noembers eJovi atyobinebs saxkomsabWos Tavmjdomares molotovs: “skkp(b) ck-s

gadawyvetilebis Sesrulebis Sesabamisad [igulisxmeba politbiuros 1937 wlis 5

ivlisis dadgenileba _ a.r.], operaciis dawyebidan a.w. 20 noembramde moskovsa da

mTel kavSirSi Sinsaxkomma ganaTlebis saxkomis bavSvTa saxlebSi gagzavna da

moawyo 5 862 suli _ represirebuli mSoblebis Svilebi. gansaTavsebeli bavSvebis

adre navaraudevi raodenoba (5 000) gadaWarbebulia. operaciis bolomde

ivaraudeba kidev 10 000-mde bavSvis CamorTmeva”. am mimarTvis pasuxad 1937 wlis

19 dekembers saxkomsabWom daadgina, rom ruseTis federaciis, ukrainis, yazaxeTisa

da belorusiis ganaTlebis saxalxo komisariatebs daevaloT sabavSvo saxlebSi

gamoyon damatebiTi 10 000 adgili. Tumca, es adgilebic ar aRmoCnda sakmarisi.

1938 wlis 4 agvistos Sinsaxkomis Tavmjdomaris moadgile Jukovski

(Tanamdebobrivad kurirebda Sinsaxkomis administraciul- sameurneo sammarTvelos

mizezi aqvs. pirvel yovlisa, ussk da tribunalebi asamarTlebdnen ara mxolod “memarjvene trockist jaSuSebsa da diversantebs”, aramed braldebulTa ufro farTo wres, Sesabamisad, am organoebis mier msjavrdebulTa yvela coli ar eqvemdebareboda dapatimrebas, rogorc smow-i. meorec: dapatimrebuli qmrebis bevri coli 1937-38 wkebSi msjavrdebuli iyo damoukidebeli braldebebiT _ zusti statistika, samwuxarod, ucnobia. da bolos, memuaristikis Tanaxmad, colebis arc Tu mcire raodenobam moaxerxa mimalva, “damalva” qmris dapatimrebis Semdeg, qveynis sxva raionSi gamgzavrebiT, an naTesavebTan an megobrebTan gadasvliT imave qalaqSi, sadac qmari daapatimres. 11 iqve; Оп. 4, Д. 79, Л. 85 . pirveli kategoriis xseneba, albaT, afiqsirebs brZanebis momzadebis Sualedur stadias _ ideas _ dapatimrdnen da msjavri daedoT mxolod daxvretilTa colebs. Sesabamisad igegmeboda bavSvTa saxlebSi mxolod im bavSvebis gagzavna, romlebic gasamarTlebuli iyvnen “pirveli kategoriiT”. 15 wlamde asakis aseTi bavSvebi 1937 wlis ivnisSi kavSiris

masStabiT aRiricxa daaxloebiT 3 800 suli (ix. iqve: Д. 2166, Л. 249). SegaxsenebT, rom maT ricxvSi imaTi Svilebic Sediodnen, vinc 1934 wlis pirveli dekembris Semdeg daixvrita. 12 es debuleba Sevida #00486 brZanebaSi, romlis 27-e punqtSi naTqvamia, rom erTsa da imave bavSvTa saxlSi ar unda moxvdnen bavSvebi, romlebic “dakavSirebuli arian erTmaneTTan naTesaurad an nacnobobiT”. 1937 wlis 20 seqtembers es debuleba Serbilda: eJovma neba darTo “..... gaigzavnon erTsa da imave bavSvTa saxlSi bavSvebi, dakavSirebulni naTesaurad, Tu maT amis piradi survili

aqvT” (ix. iqve: Д. 10, Л. 12 ).



_ АХУ НКВД) swerda saxkomsabWos saqmeTa mmarTvels petruniCevs: :“skkp(b) ck-s

gadawyvetilebis Sesrulebis mizniT ssrk Sinsaxkomma a.w. 10 ivlisisaTvis

mokavSire respublikaTa ganaTlebis saxkomatebis bavSvTa saxlebSi moawyo

represirebul mSobelTa 17 355 bavSvi. ssrk Sinsaxkomis varaudiT saWiro iqneba

CamorTmeuli da ganTavsebuli iyos kidev 5 000-mde bavSvi“. Txovna ruseTis

federaciisa da ukrainis bavSvTa saxlebSi damatebiTi 5 000 adgilis gamoyofis

Sesaxeb dakmayofilda13 .

1937-38 wlebis Semajamebeli cifrebi Sinsaxkomis administraciul-

sameurneo sammarTvelos ( АХУ НКВД) ufrosma sumbaTovma Seatyobina baraTiT

berias saxelze:

„Sinsaxkomis 1937 wlis # 00486 brZanebiT Sinsaxkomis administraciul-

sameurneo sammarTvelos mieca gansakuTrebuli davaleba xalxis mtrebis Svilebis

CamorTmevisa da am bavSvebis ganTavsebisa bavSvTa dawesebulebebSi an sameurveod

naTesavebisTvis gadacemis Sesaxeb.

1937 wlis 15 agvistodan aqamde administraciul-sameurneo sammarTvelos

mier Catarebulia Semdegi samuSao:

sul kavSirSi CamorTmeulia bavSvebi 25 342 suli. aqedan:

a) ganaTlebis saxkomisariatis bavSvTa saxlebSi da adgilobriv bagebSi 22

427 suli

aqedan moskovisaSi 1 909 suli

b) sameurveod gadaecaT da dedebs daubrundaT 2 915 suli”14 .

es cifrebi sruliad sandod gamoiyureba, magram namdvilad arasrulia.

maTSi ar Sedian 15 welze meti asakis Svilebi, romlebic CaiTvalnen

“socialurad saSiSebad”, dapatimrdnen da msjavri daedoT. Cven Zalian cota

saxeli viciT – sul ramdenime aTeuli. sinamdvileSi msjavrdebuli Svilebi

bevrad metni iyvnen.

aq ar aris monacemebi arc represirebuli mSoblebis sxva 15-17 wlis

Svilebze, romlebsac ar aRmoaCndaT naTesavebi, romlebic isurvebdnen TavianT

ojaxebSi maT wayvanas. maT saSualo skolis damTavrebamde bavSvTa saxlebSi

gzavnidnen an iZulebiT awyobdnen samuSaoze. magram 15 welze meti asakis bavSvebis

bavSvTa saxlebSi gagzavnasac da maT SromiT mowyobasac axorcielebdnen

Sinsaxkomis adgilobrivi sammarTveloebi ssrk Sinsaxkomis administraciul-

13 ix. iqve: Оп. 5, Д. 69, Л. 186. 14 iqve: Оп. 6, Д. 839, Л. 35.



sameurneo sammarTvelos monawileobis gareSe, amitom statistikaSi es monacemebi

ar aisaxa.

ar arsebobs monacemebi arc im ufrosi Tu umcrosi asakis bavSvebze,

romlebic naTesavebma mSoblebis dapatimrebisTanave waiyvanes (zogjer ukve bavSvTa

gamanawileblebidan), Sinsaxkomis organoebSi meurveobis oficialuri gaformebis

gareSe. ar aris aRricxuli arc mravali SemTxveva, roca TviT bavSvebma SeZles

Tavi aeridebinaT “CamorTmevisaTvis”, sakuTari riskis fasad gaemgzavrnen

naTesavebTan (zogjer Soreuli mogzaurobiT, saidumlod Caiparnen sxva qalaqebsa

da regionebSi) an, ubralod, upatronoTa rigebi Seavses.

Sinsaxkomis administraciul-sameurneo sammarTvelos ufrosis baraTSi ar

aris cnobebi arc im ZuZuTa bavSvebze, romlebic dedebs Tan mihyavdaT banakebSi,

arc patimrobaSi gaCenil bavSvebze (miuxedavad fexmZimeTa dapatimrebis akrZalvis

arsebobisa # 00486 brZanebaSi, es wesi mudmivad irRveoda).

magram saqme cifrebSi ki ar aris, aramed ucilobel faqtSi _ # 00486

brZanebiT operacia mimarTuli iyo ara marto “xalxis mtrebis” colebis, aramed

maTi Svilebis winaaRmdegac. da rodesac Cven vcdilobT am brZanebis msxverplTa

saerTo ricxvis gamoTvlas, aucilebelia, rom saboloo cifrebSi isinic CavrToT.

Csir-ebs, romlebsac sabanako vadebi hqondaT misjili, uflebebi

sareabilitacio procesis dasawyisSive aRudgines _ 1950-ian wlebSi. 2003 wels

ruseTis federaciaSi bolos da bolos sakanonmdeblo wesiT CaiTvalnen

politikuri represiebis msxverplad Svilebi, romlebic “CamoarTves” mSoblebs an

didi xniT moswyvites maT, moswyvites mSobliur adgilebs; romlebmac gaiares

Sinsaxkomis bavSvTa gamanawileblebi da saxlebi; romlebic mravali weli

imyofebodnen uSiSroebis organoTa marad fxizeli zedamxedvelobis qveS.

* * *

Csir-ebis pirveli etapebi banakebisken 1937 wlis seqtemberSi daiZra.

1937 wlis ivlisSi gaica brZaneba, rom qalebisTvis Seqmniliyo ori

specialuri banaki dasavleT cimbirsa da yazaxeTSi. magram operaciis

dasawyisisTvis maTi momzadeba ver moeswro. amitom, # 00486 brZanebaSi patimarTa

gasagzavnad miTiTebuli iyo temnikovis Sroma-gasworebis banaki, romelic

dislocirebuli iyo arc Tu Sors moskovidan _ mordveTSi.



1937 wlis seqtemberSi aq organizebuli iyo pirveli specialuri

ganyofileba daetia temlagSi qalTaTvis _ “samSoblos moRalateTa” ojaxis

wevrTaTvis. Tumca mas ar SeeZlo gagzavnili yvela smow-i.

rogorc iqna, 1938 wlis dasawyisSi gaixsna specganyofileba akmolinskSi,

romelic Sedioda yaragandis Sgb-s (ИТЛ) struqturaSi. misi Seqmnis nebarTva

gulagma jer kidev seqtembris dasawyisSi gasca15 . Semdegi oTxi Tve

mosamzadebel samuSaoebze daixarja, Tanac moskovi mudmivad aCqarebda karlags16 .

1938 wlis 10 ianvridan moyolebuli, daiwyo etapebis Camosvla. akmolinskis

specganyofileba swrafad ivseboda17 da naxevari wlis ganmavlobaSi ise

gadaitena, rom karlagis xelmZRvaneloba iZulebuli gaxda, patimari colebis

morigi etapebi jer droebiT gadaenawilebina sxva sabanako ganyofilebebSi, xolo

SemodgomisaTvis Seeqmna kidev erTi specialuri ganyofileba smow-ebisaTvis _

spaskisa. cnobebis mixedviT, 1939 wlis Sua ricxvebSi alJir-Si imyofeboda 4

400-ze meti qali _ smow-i.

banakis arsebobis pirveli weliwadnaxevari yvelaze Zneli iyo

patimarTaTvis. siviwrove, mZime, uCveulo yofa, auwyobeli warmoeba, yvelaferi es,

“speckontingentisaTvis” dadgenili mkacri izolaciis reJimTan erTad, maT

cxovrebas gansakuTrebulad mtanjvels xdida. da mTeli am drois ganmavlobaSi

alJir-i ganixileboda ara rogorc ubralod banaki smow-ebisaTvis, aramed

rogorc maTgan ~yvelaze saSiSTa” gamomwyvdevis adgili18 . mxolod 1939 wlis

15 ix. gulag-is ufrosis plineris depeSa yazaxeTis ssr SinsaxkomSi 9.09.37 TariRiT:

“akmolinskis #26 SromiTi dasaxlebis bazaze sakoncentracio banakis organizebaze Tanaxma var.

<.........> daaproeqteT barakebis mSenebloba (rf-s ufs-s centraluri arqivi.Ф. 3, Оп. 4, Д. 2246,

Л.566). 16 ix., mag., gulag-is ufrosis moadgilis leoniukis depeSa alma-ataSi 13.11.37 TariRiT: “gTxovT,

SematyobinoT, rogor midis sakoncentracio banakis mSenebloba akmolinskSi, rodis ramdeni saTavsi

iqneba mzad, rodis iqneba SesaZlebeli msjavrdebulTa iq gagzavna; ivaraudeba, rom sakoncentracio

banaki gamoyenebuli iqneba sagangebo TaTbiris mier gasamarTlebuli qalebis _ samSoblos

moRalateTa ojaxis wevrebis mosaTavseblad”(ix.Д. 2254, Л. 749). ix. agreTve misi depeSa

yaragandaSi 17.12.37 TariRiT: “midepeSeT msjavrdebulTa miRebisa da ganTavsebisaTvis akmolinskis

specganyofilebis momzadebis msvlelobis Sesaxeb, agreTve, sadgur akmolinskSi mimRebi punqtis

organizebis Sesaxeb <........>. gaiTvaliswineT, rom dekembris bolos daiwyeba patimarTa Camoyvana (ix.

iqve; Д. 2259, Л. 599). 17 a.r. kukuSkinas monacemebiT mxolod pirveli ori kviris ganmavlobaSi banakSi 8 etapi Camovida

moskovidan, orenburgidan, irkutskidan, rostovidan, kalugidan, orSidan ( Кукушкина А.Р.

Акмолинский лагерь жен «изменников родины» : История и судьбы. Караганда, 2002. С. 73). . a.r. kukuSkinas _ yazaxeTis finansur-ekonomikuri universitetis pedagogisa da istoriul-

saganmanaTleblo sazogadoeba „memorial-yaragandas“ Tavmjdomaris naSromSi Tavmoyrili da

ganzogadebulia mniSvnelovani faqtobrivi masala, kerZod, yaragandis Sroma-gasworebis banakis (

ИТЛ) arqividan. zogierTi cnoba, romelic Cven mogvaqvs winamdebare statiaSi, da romelic exeba

akmolinskis specganyofilebis funqcionirebas, Cvens mier swored am naSromidan aris aRebuli. 18 ix. Sinsaxkomisris moadgilis Jukovskis miTiTeba Soreuli aRmosavleTis mxaris Sinsaxkomis

sammarTvelosadmi (УНКВД) 23.07.38 TariRiT: “xalxis mtrebis colebi,romlebic eqvemdebarebian

sagangebo TaTbirze ganxilvas, gagzavneT karlagSi. garda gansakuTrebulad saSiSebisa, romlebic



maisSi, mxolod naxevari wlis Semdeg mas mere, rac gareT damTavrda “samSoblos

moRalateTa colebis mimarT mimarTuli operacia, gamoica gulag-is brZaneba,

romlis Sesasrulebladac zafxul-Semodgomis ganmavlobaSi temlagis, siblagis da

karlagis ganyofilebebi, sadac koncentrirebuli iyvnen smow-ebi, “specreJimidan”

saerTo sabanako reJimze gadaiyvanes. es moaswavebda ramdenime principul

cvlilebas alJir-is patimarTa cxovrebaSi. maTgan mTavari iyo, rom qalebs neba

daerToT manamde akrZaluli mimowerisa gare samyarosTan. mxolod axla Seityo

mravalma maTganma TavianTi qmrebis bedis Sesaxeb, an ra mouvida maT Svilebs.

agreTve darTes amanaTebis miRebis neba, moixsna akrZalva specialistebis

specialobis mixedviT gamoyenebis Sesaxeb da a.S.

saerTo-sabanako reJimze gadasvla kerZod imas niSnavda, rom smow-ebi aRar

warmoadgenen ”speckontingents”, romelic sxva patimrebisagan mkacrad unda

yofiliyo izolirebuli. axla SeiZleboda maTi gaerTianeba sxva sabanako

“kontingentebTan”, gadayvana sxva sabanako punqtebSi, warmoebis an reJimisaTvis

saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi _ sxva banakebSi. aman sakmaod swrafad gamoiwvia smow-ebis

tomskis banakis daSla; iqidan qalebis umetesi nawili gadaiyvanes siblagis # 1

Sroma-gasworebis koloniaSi sadgur iaiaSi, smow-ebis ramdenime etapi gadatenili

temlagidan gaigzavna sxva banakebSi, magaliTad, kareliaSi, segeJis

tyeqimqaRaldkombinatis mSeneblobaze (mravali maTgani Semdeg iqidan karlagSi iqna

gadayvanili. TviT karlagSi likvidirda cota xniT adre Seqmnili spaskis

ganyofileba, xolo smow-ebi ganawildnen banakis sxva ganyofilebebs Soris

(mniSvnelovani niwili dolinkaSi moxvda). daiwyo agreTve smow-ebis gadayvana

karlagidan sxva banakebSi _ solikamskis celuloza-qaRaldis kombinatis

mSeneblobaze, krasnoiarskis Sroma-gasworebis banakSi da a.S.

akmolinskis specganyofileba 1939 wlis miwuruls sabolood Seerwya

karlags (manamde is karlagis struqturaSi formalurad Sedioda, ZiriTadad ki

uSualod gulags eqvemdebareboda) da daerqva karlagis me-17 ganyofileba. Tumca,

omis dawyebamde is jer kidev inarCunebda Tavdapirvel specifikas, rCeboda ra,

pirvel yovlisa, swored smow-ebis Tavmoyris adgilad. aq daiwyes im qalebisa da

kacebis moTavseba, romlebic msjavrdebuli iyvnen sxva “kontrrevoluciuri

danaSaulebisaTvis”, zogjer ki sisxlis samarTlis muxlebis mixedviT.

Tanamedrove mkvlevris azriT _ “40-iani wlebis dasawyisisaTvis akmolinskis

ganyofileba gaxda Sereuli da sul ufro emsgavseboda karlagis sxva

ganyofilebebs”19 .

gagzavneTcalke akmolinskis specganyofilebaSi“ (rf-s ufs-s centraluri arqivi . Ф.3, Оп. 4, Д. 87,

Л. 181). 19 a.r. kukuSkina. cit. naSromi.gv. 90. ix. agreTve gv. 83-85 da sxva.



akmolinskis banakis patimar-qalTa cxovrebas eZRvneba bevri, ukve

gamoqveynebuli da Tavisi gamomcemlis momlodine, memuaruli teqsti20 . maTSi

dawvrilebiT aris aRwerili barakebic, mwiri ulufac, Sromac _ lerwmis Wra,

sasoflo-sameurneo samuSaoebi, samkervalo warmoeba. iqvea aRwerili agreTve

banakSi Camoyvanili an iq gaCenili bavSvebis bedi, aRwerilia sabanako “CvilTa

saxlebi”. banakis qalTa mogonebebis TiTqmis gamWoli Temaa _ bavSvebTan

ganSorebuli dedebis tanjva, warmatebuli an warumatebeli cdebi mimoweris

saSualebiT im BbavSvebis Zebnisa, romlebic bavSvTa saxlebSi iyvnen moTavsebuli

an _ rac arc Tu iSviaTad xdeboda _ sulac sadRac gaqrnen, daikargnen teroris

oromtrialSi. kidev erTi Temaa _ ganTavisuflebis Semdeg SvilebTan nanatri

Sexvedrebi, romlebic arc Tu iSviaTad tragediad iqceoda xolme. da bolos,

cxovreba TavisuflebaSi “xalxis mtris” damRiT. yvela am Temas Cven axla ar

SevexebiT. isini TiTo-orola gverds ki ara, calke wignebs imsaxureben.

# 00486 brZanebiT msjavrdebul qalebs vadebi unda damTavrebodaT 1942-

43 an 1945-46 wlebSi. Tumca, droulad arc erTi maTgani ar gauTavisuflebiaT.21

omis pirvelsave dRes, 1941 wlis 22 ivniss gamoica specialuri direqtiva,

romelic krZalavda banakebidan “kontrrevolucionerebis, banditebis,

recidivistebis da sxva saSiSi damnaSaveebis” ganTavisuflebas. Semdeg wels

gamoica axali direqtivebi, romlebic im smow-ebis ganTavisuflebis nebas iZleoda,

romlebsac patimrobis vada daumTavrdaT. magram Tavisufleba, romelsac isini

iRebdnen, metad pirobiTi iyo, radgan direqtiva iuwyeboda:“ sasjelis

vadamoxdili ganTavisuflebulebi datovebul unda iqnan samuSaod Sinsaxkomis

banakebSi, rogorc Tavisuflad daqiravebulni, gamgzavrebis uflebis gareSe, omis

damTavrebamde banak-mSeneblobebis samuSaoTa raionebTan mimagrebiT”. aseT

“ganTavisuflebulebs”, rogorc wesi, pasportebs ar aZlevdnen, sakmarisad

Tvlidnen mxolod banakis cnobas. garda amisa, nabrZanebi iyo maTi moTavseba

“calkeul sabanako punqtebSi, sadac zonis mavTulxlarTebi unda moxsniliyo,

20 ix.,mag., Мамаева Е.А. Жизнь прожить.... М.: КОПИ-ЦЕНТР, 1998; Поль И.Л. Оглянись со скорбью:

История одной семьи. _-- Иркутск: Вост.-Сиб. кн. изд-во 1991. Степанова-Ключникова Г. Казахстанский

АЛЖИР \ Подгот.: Ассоц. жертв незаконных полит. репрессий. – с. Малшновка, г. Астана, 2003.

Страницы трагических судеб: Сборник воспоминаний жертв политических репрессий в СССР в 1920-

1950-е гг. \ Казахстан. ист.-просветит. о-во «Адилет» (Справедливость) – Алматы:Жети жаргы, 2002.

(на каз. и рус. яз.). rac Seexeba memuaruli xasiaTis gamouqveynebel teqstebs, mxolod sazogadoeba

„memorialis“ (moskovi) arqivSi inaxeba ramdenime mogoneba, miZRvnili alJir-isadmi: m.l. ancisisa,

a.f. barina-Silovasi, i.i.verJenskaiasi, r.l. volinskaiasi, m.m. goldbergisa, o.m. kuCumovasi, g.a.

semionovasi da sxvaTa. ix., agreTve a.d. saxarovis saxelobis centris da muzeumis (moskovi) da

istoriul-literaturuli sazogadoeba „dabrunebis“ (moskovi) saarqivo koleqciebi. 21 garda imaTi, visac sagangebo TaTbirma ratomRac 3-wliani vada ganusazRvra. Tu es vada omis

dawyebamde mTavrdeboda,maSin maT, ramdenadac CvenTvis cnobilia, droulad uSvebdnen. garda amisa,

qalTa Zalian mcire nawili ganTavisuflda banakidan saqmis gadasinjvis Sedegad 1939-1940 wlebSi.

amasTan, zogierT maTgans banakis vada Seecvala gadasaxlebiT.sul 1939-41 wlebSi karlagidan

ganTavisuflda iq myof qalTa _ smow-Ta daaxloebiT 5%.



vagonis tipis narebiT gawyobil barakebSi”. Tumca, Tu amgvarad ganTavisuflebuli

invalidebis, moxucebis, bavSviani qalebis banakebSi samuSaod gamoyeneba

SeuZlebeli iyo, banakis ufross ufleba hqonda, Tavisi Sexedulebisamebr

gaeTavisuflebina isini “saerTo safuZvelze”. amasTanave, masve hqonda ufleba,

sulac ar gaeTavisuflebina patimari da daeyovnebina banakSi omis damTavrebamde,

Tu is “uaryofiTad xasiaTdeboda”. amgvarad, bevri qalisaTvis, romelsac vada

omis wlebSi umTavrdeboda, ganTavisufleba mxolod formaluri iyo, faqtobrivad

es sxvas arafers niSnavda, garda zonis gareT gadabargebisa. isini sabolood

mxolod 1946 wlis maisis Semdeg gaaTavisufles. amasTanave, yvela

gaTavisuflebulis pasportSi miTiTebuli iyo Caweris SezRudva “reJimul

adgilebSi”22 . es imas niSnavda, rom ganTavisuflebuli qali-smow-ebis

umetesobas ar SeeZlo mSobliur qalaqebSi dabruneba.

sul 1938-46 wlebSi karlagSi sasjeli moixada daaxloebiT 6 500 qalma-

smow-ma. maTgan 4 500-ze metma gamoiara alJiri _ erT-erTi umsxvilesi (Tu

yvelaze msxvili ara) sabWoTa qalTa banaki.

* * *

amJamad yazaxeTis respublikis mraval qalaqsa da dasaxlebaSi aRmarTulia

sabWoTa epoqis politikuri represiebis msxverplTa memorialuri kompleqsebi,

monumentebi, samaxsovro niSnebi. axal dedaqalaqSi _ astanaSi (yofili

akmolinski) _ msxverplTa ZeglTan miaqvT yvavilebi, maxloblad rgaven xeebs.

malinovkaSi _ ase ewodeba axla yofil SromiT dasaxlebas # 26 _ dgas

alJir-is patimarTa Zegli. odesRac maTi xeliT darguli alvis xeebis xeivanSi

ganTavsebulia stendebi saxelebiT da mogonebaTa fragmentebiT; kulturis saxlSi

Seqmnilia alJir-is muzeumi. im adgilas, sadac gardacvlil patimrebs

marxavdnen, aRmarTulia simboluri saflavis qvebi _ qristianuli da

muslimanuri23. yovel wels xsovnisa da mwuxarebis dRes aq Camodian im qalTa

naTesavebi, romlebic odesRac patimrobas akmolinskis banakSi ixdidnen.

Camodian TviTon yofili patimrebic. isini ukve sul cotaniRa arian

darCenilni.

22 ix. direqtivebi, miTiTebebi da brZanebebi banakebidan ganTavisuflebis Sewyvetisa da ganaxlebis

Sesaxeb 22.06.1941, 29.04.1942, 7.05.1942, 24.06.1946 daTariRebiT,sakanonmdeblo da normatiuli

aqtebis krebulSi politikuri represiebis msxverplTa represirebisa da reabilitaciis Sesaxeb.

Seadgina e.a.zaicevma. moskovi, 1993, gv. 158-166. 23 SeuZlebelia ar aRiniSnos, rom es yvelaferi _ Zeglic, stendebic, muzeumic, memorialuri

saflavis qvebic _ Seiqmna da moqmedebs adgilobrivi sabWiTa meurneobis direqtoris i.i. Sarfis

mudmivi TanadgomiT. Zegli daidga jer kidev 1989 wels, roca ssrk-s bevr regionSi amaze

seriozulad arc ki laparakobdnen.