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Back and front to the future



Pc

Ram

Gpu

Cpu

Motherbroad

Hard drives

Dvd/cd rom

Ram

ram ( ) .

ECC ( ) servers

Ram

Sd-ram (Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory ) . . ( CAS ) . MHz SDRAM PC-66, SDRAM PC-100 SDRAM PC-133

Ram

DDR (double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory ) sdram / , . ddr-200, ddr-233, ddr-333 ddr-400.

Ram

Ddr2 sd-ram ddr, sdram ddr2-400, ddr2-533, ddr2-667, ddr2-800 ddr2-1066.

Ram

DDR3 sd-ram 800MHz 2800MHz . .

Ram

Ddr4 SD-ram (double data rate fourth generation synchronous dynamic random-access memory) ram .

GPU

Graphics processing unit (GPU) visual processing unit (VPU)

GPU

Nvidia GeForce 256 1999 "the world's first 'GPU 1986 Texas Instruments TMS34010

gpu

The World's Fastest GPU AMD R9 2952 500w 1500$

, universal serial bus (USB)

usb :

1.5 mbit/s (-low ),12 mbit/s (-full , usb 1.1),480 mbit/s (-high , usb 2),5 gbit/s (-super speed ssusb/usb 3).

usb usb 3, 4,8 gbit/s, . 3gbit/s.

(CD: Compact Disc), , CD-ROM CD-R / CD-RW .

CD-ROM/CDR/CDRW DVD ROM/DVDR+/- /DVDRW. CD : 2004, CD-Audio, CD-ROM CD-R 30 ..

Blu-ray (BD) , . To - . lu-ray ' , DVD, .

lu-ray 25 gigabytes (GB), DVD 4,7 GB. lu-ray 50 GB, DVD 8,5 GB

cpu

- (CPU) , . . , . .

cpu

. . , , /, ..

cpu

. , . , . ENIAC, 1946,

cpu

, . , ' . .

cpu

'60 . .

cpu

"" (chip) , , . ,

cpu

70, . , , ""

cpu

megahertz gigahertz. , . , , , , . ,

cpu

(Registers): , , .

(program counter): .

(Instruction register): .

CPU

(accumulator): .

(Arithmetic and Logical Unit, ALU):

(Control Unit): , , /.

.

. , , MP3 players, , , . 160 GB 3 . 8 TB (terabyte. DVD/R/RW .

. , , : 2008, 120 1000 GB , 5.400 10.000 rpm 1 Gbit/s .

2008, 1,5 TB 2009 2 TB. 10.000 15.000 rpm, 1,6 Gbit/s 125 Mbytes/sec. , , .

5.400 rpm, 7.200 . , .

:

.

/ , -. , .

/ / .

,

Ssd - SSHD

(SSD) SSD () . (HDD), / . , SSDs , , /

Ssd - SSHD

2014, SSDs NAND flash, SSDs (RAM). , , .

(SSHDs) SSDs

Ssd - SSHD

2 hybrid Ssd hdd

Sshd 1 ssd hdd

, . , . , , , , , .

Computer cooling

, , chipset, , .

Computer cooling

, .

,

.

Computer cooling

(Undervolting)

..

1617. , , .

1642. , (Pascaline).

1822. , , , .

1906. , .

1943. ( ) , .

1945. ENIAC, . 1.000 , 18.000 , 167 .. 180.000 .

1947. 23 William Shockey, Walter Brattain John Bardeen , .

1949. EDSAC, , . 1950. ERA 1101, .

1952. UNIVAC ... .

1953. , "701".

1954. Gordon Teal Texas Instruments Inc. $2.50.

1954. 650 450 .

1955. ell RADIC, .

1956. -0, .

1956. 305 RAMAC Zellerbach .

1958. exas Instruments , .

1959. 7000 .

1960. , DEC PDP-1, $120.000.

1961. Damation, IBM 81.2% , 1400.

1964. CDC 6600 (Seymour Cray). 3.000.000 .

1964. System 360, , 40 .

1964. American Airlines on-line , reservation system.

1965. H Digital Equipment Corp. (DEC) PDP-8, -.

1966. Hewlett-Packard P-2115 .

1970. , ARPANET, . , , .

1971. 8 () . 1971. 4004 Intel.

1971. Kenbak-1, , $750.

1972. Hewlett-Packard P-35 , , .

1972. Intel 8008.

1972. (Steve Wozniak) "Blue box", .

1973. (Robert Metcalfe) Ethernet erox.

1973. icral , 8008 Intel.

1973. Don Lancaster "Tv Typewriter", .

1974. erox Palo Alto Research Center (mouse).

1974. Scelbi 8, 8008 Intel.

1975. Telnet, .

1975. "Popular Electronics" ltair 8800 Intel 8080.

1975. (VDM), (Lee Felsenstein), .

1976. Apple I. .

1976. 51/4 Shugart Associates.

1976. Cray I, (Seymour Cray).

1977. andy Radio Shack TRS-80.

1977. Apple Computers Apple II.

1977. Commodore PET 2001 (Personal Electronic Transactor).

1978. VAX 11/780 Digital Equipment Corp. 4,3 Gigabytes , .

1979. Motorola 68000.

1979. Motorola 68000.

1980. John F. Shock Jon A. Hupp o Xerox (worm), , , .

1980. Seagate Technology , ST-506.

1980. , 5 1/4

1981. Xerox "he Star", (Graphical user interface, GUI).

1981. (Adam Osborne) , (Osborne). 24 1.795$.

1981. IBM PC . O PC (PC). PC-DOS, Microsoft, .

1981. Sony 31/2 .

1983. H Compaq Computer Corp. IBM PC.

1984. pple Computers Apple Macintosh. . Super Bowl $1.5 .

1984. H IBM IBM PC-AT (PC Advanced Technology), 3 PC Intel, 286. (bus) ISA 16-bits .

1985. H Philips CD-ROM.

1986. Compaq Deskpro 386.

1986. Amstrad PC, o PC1512, PC1640. . .

1987. H IBM PS/2, 31/2 VGA. , , Micro Channel Architecture (CA) "Plug and Play" .

Architecture (CA) "Plug and Play" .

1988. Apple , "Unveil the Next".

1988. H Compaq (EISA) nhanced Industry Standard Micro channel SA.

1988. (worm) Robert Morris ARPANET. 23 Morris, , worm 6.000 60.000 .

1989. Intel (P4) 486 , . chipset .

1990. (im Berners-Lee), CERN. http, (URI, URL) HTML.

1991. Linux .

1993. Intel Pentium (P5). .

1995. Intel Pentium Pro, (P6).

1995. H Microsoft Windows 95, , MS-DOS, ().

1997. Intel Pentium II, Pentium Pro MMX .

1998. Microsoft Windows 98, Windows 95. MS-DOS.

1998. Intel Celeron, Pentium II.

1999. ntel Pentium III, Pentium II SSE (Streaming SIMD Extensions).

2000. Microsoft Windows 2000. Windows, , MS-DOS.

2000. , Intel AMD, 1 GHz. Microsoft Windows Millenium, Windows 98 ' . MS-DOS .

2000. Itanium P7.

2001. Microsoft Windows XP, MS-DOS.

2003. AMD Athlon 64 FX-51 Toms Hardware 2003.

2005. 64 bits.

2005. (Dual Core) Advanced Micro Devices (AMD).

2006. Intel Conroe.

2007. Microsoft Windows Vista, Aero.

2008. 1 TeraFLOP.

2009. Apple Mac OS X Snow Leopard ( 10.6)

2010. Microsoft Windows 7, Windows Windows Vista

2014. Microsoft HP 7. Windows 8 8.1

(1946- 1956)

1946, , .

, (Lee DeForest). ENIAC.

(1946- 1956)

C ( ), . , , .

ENIAC . , , .

(1956- 1963)

. (, ), . 1956 (...) , -0.

(1964- 1971)

1958, Jack Kilby Texas Instruments . , , . . , , , , , .

(1971 - )

4 . (CPU), , , , (, , ).

Moore, 18 . , () .

. () . , .

: (). , , .

. . Ctrl, Alt, Windows Esc.

. . F1, F2,

F3 , F12. .

. . , Home, End, Page Up, Page Down, Delete Insert.

. . .

, , GAMING

GAMING

RAZER CHROMA RAZER GAMING PC

2

T GAMING

mouse

GAMING

GAMING MOUSE

T

80

GAMING

90

H 2000 2007

H 2012

GAMING

Pcsteps

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