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2
1 80 (X) ( 1 )
1.
. 5 20/1
. 8 20/1
. 10 20/1
. 12 20/1
2. 2000 cc (4 ) Bore x Stoke
. 85 mm x 90 mm
. 70 mm x 80 mm
. 90 mm x 105 mm
. 100 mm x 100 mm
3. Performance Map
.
.
.
.
4. Max. Power F/A Ratio 0.75
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. F/A rich lean
.
.
.
5.
. 2
. 2
.
.
6. Squish
. Rotational flow
.
. Turbulance
.
7. Supercharger Turbo
.
.
. .
8. Valve Overlap
.
.
.
.
9.
.
.
.
.
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10. Fuel Injection
. bsfc
.
.
.
11. Common Rail
.
.
. bsfc
.
12. Pintle Hole
.
.
.
.
13. Scavenging Efficiency
. Scavenging Efficiency
.
.
. 14. E 20
.
.
.
.
15. Bio diesel
.
.
.
Esterification
.
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16. Fuel cell
. Alcohol
.
. H2
.
17. Knock
.
.
.
.
18.
. HC
.
.
.
19. Exh. Gas Recirculation Valve
.
.
.
.
20. Motor Hybrid Car
.
.
.
.
21. Hybrid Car
.
. CO2
.
.
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22. Knock SI
.
. (advance)
. (retard)
. Octane 23.
. SAE Number
. Centi stroke
. Centi poise
.
24. Multi Viscosity
.
. Single grade
.
. grade
25. Single Grade 2 Viscosity
.
.
. .
26. VI (Viscosity Index)
.
.
.
.
27.
. Hygrometer
. Thermometer
. Viscosimetor
.
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28. W
.
.
.
.
29. Additive
.
.
.
.
30.
.
.
.
.
31.
. SAE
. VI
. API
.
32. Biodiesel
. Esterification
.
.
.
33. Gasohol SI
. Octane Number
.
.
.
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34. Biodiesel CI
.
.
.
. 35. CNG
.
.
.
.
36.
. 16
.
16
.
8
.
8
37.
.
.
.
.
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38.
.
.
.
.
39.
.
.
.
.
40.
.
.
.
.
41.
.
.
.
.
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42.
.
.
.
.
43. 4 875 cc 10:1
55% ( ti=0.55 otto) 8,000 RPM
85% 90%
13:1 44MJ/kg 27OC , 1 bar, = 1.35
. 0.068 kg/MJ
. 0.078 kg/MJ
. 0.087 kg/MJ
. 0.097 kg/MJ
44. 4 4 2.5
2,800 RPM S/B = 1.03
AF = 15 44,300 kJ/kg
100% 100 kPa, 60OC
4% , = 1.35
. 434OC, 1789 kPa
. 434OC, 1826 kPa
. 489O
C, 1789 kPa. 489
OC, 1826 kPa
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45. 8:1
1 bar, 27O
C 1,170
kJ/kg Cv = 0.717 kJ/kg. K , = 1.4
. 2048OC
. 2548OC
. 3048OC
. 3548OC
46. 4 4 2.5 L
3,000 RPM 8.6:1
= 1.025 AF = 15
44,300 kJ/kg 100%
100 kPa, 60OC 4%
. 0.67 , 0.04 g
. 0.74 , 0.056 g
. 0.78 , 0.06 g
. 0.78 , 0.065 g
47. 9:1
2,800 K 9,000 kPa
460 kPa 100 kPa = 1.35
. 540OC
. 599OC
. 619OC
. 699OC
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48. 10:1 70 bar
1,680 kJ/kg 1 bar 100O
C
Cp = 1.004 kJ/kg K Cv = 0.717 kJ/kg K
. 2816OC
. 2865OC
. 2924OC
. 3065OC
49. 4 875 cc 10:1
55% ( ti = 0.55 otto) 8,000 RPM
85% 90%
13:1 44 MJ/kg 27OC , 1 bar, = 1.35
. 24.1 %
. 25.9%
. 27.9%
. 28.1%
50.
3,900 K 10,100 kPa
100 kPa , = 1.35
. 705.61OC
. 805.61OC
. 905.61O
C. 1005.61
OC
51.
.
.
.
.
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52.
.
.
.
.
53.
.
.
.
.
54.
.
.
.
.
55. ABS
.
.
. ( )
.
56.
.
.
. [ m / s2]
. 0 100 km/h 57. ( )
. 4
.
.
.
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58.
.
.
.
.
59. ( )
.
.
.
.
60.
.
.
. .
61.
.
.
.
.
62. FL = CW A P V2 CW A
P V ( )
.
. CW
.
.
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63. FR = f R G ( ) f R
G
. f R
. f R
. f R
. f R f R
64. ( )
.
.
.
. 65.
.
.
.
.
5 66 - 70 (spark ignition engine) 4 6
3 (3000 cc.) 9.5:1
2400 3.4 14.6:1
66.
. 8.2
. 8.6
. 9.0
. 9.8
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67.
. 6.9
. 7.5
. 8.0
. 8.5
68. ( )
. 49.9
. 52.6
. 55.5
. 58.8
69. ( = 0.750 kg/L)
. 13.3
. 14.0
. 16.8
. 18.6
70.
. 0.02
. 0.19
. 1.94
. 19.40
5 71 - 75 Direct Injection 2.5 (2500
cc.) 2200 140 -
8 (
850 kg/m3) 42.5 MJ/kg
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71. (brake power)
. 16.13
. 30.80
. 32.25
. 64.50
72. (Brake specific fuel consumption) g/(kW-h)
. 203.7
. 210.9
. 220.0
. 231.9
73. (Brake thermal efficiency) %
. 35.0
. 38.7
. 40.2
. 42.5
74. Brake mean effective pressure kPa
. 695.0
. 703.6
. 710.2
. 750.4
75. Indicated mean effective pressure kPa mechanical efficiency = 83%
. 837.3
. 847.7
. 855.7
. 904.1
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5 76 - 80 C8H15
21 79
(H=1, C=12, N=14, O=16)
C8H15 + 11.75 O 2 + 11.75(3.76) N 2------- 8CO2 + 7.5 H2O +
11.75(3.76) N 2
76.
. 13.80
. 14.03
. 14.53
. 15.98
77. %
. 12.57
. 13.40
. 15.33
. 19.69
78. %
. 12.57
. 13.40
. 15.33
. 19.69
79. 10 %
C8H15 + 1.1(11.75 O 2 + 11.75(3.76) N 2) 8CO2 + 7.5 H2O + 1.175 O 2 +
1.1(11.75(3.76) N 2)
. 13.80
. 14.03
. 14.53
. 15.98
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80. 10 %
%
. 1.0
. 1.4
. 1.8
. 2.2
2 1 (20 ) 1. Otto Cycle Model
(Spark Ignition Engine)
(Suction) (Compression) Isentropic
Process (PVk = C) ( - Top Dead Center)
(Spark Plug)
(Ignition) Isometric Process (V = C)
(Bottom Dead Center) Isentropic Process (PV
k = C)
(Exhaust) Isometric Process (V = C)
Air Standard Cycle Otto Cycle
Cp = 1.005 kJ/kg-K, Cv = 0.718 kJ/kg-K , k = 1.4
100 kPa 20 o C0.0023 m 3 8:1 1,500 J
(20 )
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m
m = P1V1/RT1 = 100 x 0.0023/(0.287 x (20 + 273)) = 0.0027 kg
T2
T2 = T1{v1/v2}(k-1)
= 293 x 8(1.4-1)
= 673.1 K
T3
Qin = 2Q3 = m cv (T3 T2)
T3 = 1.5/(0.0027 x 0.718) + 673.1 = 1,436.95 K
T4
T4 = T3/{v1/v2}(k-1)
= 625.47 K
Qout = 4Q1 = m cv (T1 T4) = 0.0027 x 0.718 x (293 - 625.47) = - 0.6529 kJ
Net Work W, W = Qin + Qout = 1.5 - 0.6529 = 0.8471 kJ
Cycle Efficiency = W/Qin = 0.8471 / 1.5 = 0.5647 = 56.47 %
Recommended