代名詞的種類人稱代名詞 : I, you, he指示代名詞 : this, that, these, those…不定代名詞 : one, some, any, other…疑問代名詞 : who, what, which…關係代名詞 : who, which, that…

主格主詞They are happy.Who is he?

主詞補語 He was taken to be I.受格

He told me the truth. I am afraid of snakes.

所有格 She is my pretty English teacher.

兩個以上的人稱代名詞並用的順序 : 單數 231 複數 123

You, he and I are good friends. We, you and they are good friends.

選選看 : He likes you better than me.

He you > me

He likes you better than (he likes) me. He likes you better than I.

He > I you

He likes you better than I (like you).

I thought it to be ____(he/him).S V O O

I thought it was ____(he/him). S V (that) S V S

They took him to be ____(I/me).He was taken to be ____(I/me).

A. 代替前面提過的名詞What color is the shirt? It’s red.

B. 指天氣、時間、距離It’s sunny. It’s ten. How far is it to school?

C. 虛主詞 or 虛受詞It’s interesting to play baseball.I think it interesting to play baseball.

D. It is + 加強部分 +that+ 句子其餘部分It is I that love you.

E. 慣用語make it a rule/custom + toV 習慣於make it possible to V 使 ~ 成為可能take it for granted that S V 視 ~ 為理所當然

It 代替特定的單 N; one 代替不特定的單 NDo you want this pen? Yes, I want it.Do you want a pen? Yes, Ｉ want one.

them 代替特定的複 N; ones 則不特定的複NHave you read the books? Yes, I have read them.I don’t like those dresses. I like red ones.

My father bought me a bike last month. But I lost it last night.

The climate of Taipei is much colder than that of Tainan.

The ears of rabbits are longer than those of cats.

EXERCISE1. New cars are much more expensive than

old (one/ ones).2. I have a dog. (Its/ It’s) tail is very short.3. I make ___(that/ it/ which/ this) a rule to

get up early every day.

PART II 所有代名詞1. 所有代名詞 = 所有格 + N2. my + N = ____________3. our + N = ____________4. your + N = ____________5. his + N = ____________6. her + N = ____________7. its + N = ____________8. their + N = ____________

mine

ours

yours

his

hers

its

theirs

A. 避免重複 The book is my book. mine

B. 雙重所有 a, an, this, that, these

those, some, many + N of + 所有代名詞 any, no… 我的一個朋友 a friend of __________ 他的那隻錶 that watch of __________ 我哥哥的一個朋友

_______________________________

mine

his

a friend of my brother’s

我阿姨的很多衣服 _______________________________

I like many dresses of her dresses. hers

避免做異類的比較His hair is longer than my hair.

mine

many clothes of my aunt’s

EXERCISE1. You go your way and I go (my/ mine).2. This isn’t my book. It’s ___(my brothers/

a book of my brother/ a book of my brother’s).

PART III. 反身代名詞 主格 反身代名詞 (主 /受格 ) 反身代名詞 (所有格 )

第一人稱單數 I

第二人稱單數 you

第三人稱單數

he

she

it

第一人稱複數 we

第二人稱複數 you

第三人稱複數 they

myself

yourselfhimself

herself

itself

ourselves

yourselves

themselves

my own

your own

his own

her own

its own

our own

your own

their own

反身代名詞的用法A. 主受詞同一人時 He killed himself.B. 加強語氣 I myself saw the king.

I saw the king himself.

C. 所有格 I have a house.

I have my own house.

強調我本人看到

強調看到國王本人

強調有自己的房子

by oneself= alone 獨自enjoy oneself= have a good timeseat oneself=sit= be seateddress oneself in= be dressed indevote oneself to 專心於help oneself to 自行取用pride oneself on= be proud ofmake oneself at home 不要客氣come to oneself 甦醒

EXERCISE1. I saw the teacher (him/ himself).2. If you aren’t careful, you will cut (you/

yourself).

PART IV. 指示代名詞 this, that, these,

those

A. that 與 those 可用以代替前面提過的名詞，以避免重複；單數用 that, 複數用 thoseEx: The price of this table is higher than __________ of this chair.Ex: The ears of a rabbit are longer than __________ of a cat.

that

those

B. this=the latter 後者 ; that=the former 前者Health is above wealth; this cannot give so much happiness as that.

C. Those who…= people who…Heaven helps those who help themselves.

wealth

health

EXERCISE1. The color of my coat is different from

(that/ those) of yours.2. The students of your school are more

diligent than ___(my school/ these of ours/ mine/ those of mine).

some 用在肯定句 any 用在疑問、否定、條件句 兩者皆可修飾可數及不可數名詞I want some meat/ apples.Do you want any meat/ apples?No, I don’t want any.If there is any left, give me some.

期待對方回答 yes 或勸人吃東西或請人幫忙時，問句可用 someWe are having coffee. Would you like some?

肯定疑問

否定

條件肯定

other / anotherone…the other ●○ 一個 ~ 另一個 ~

I have two dogs; one is white and the other (is) black.

one…the others ●○○○○○… 一個 ~ 其餘的 ~Five students made this exhibit; one was a boy and the others were girls.

other / anotherone…another…the other ●○⊙

一個 ~ 一個 ~ 另一個 ~There were three men. One was blind, another was deaf, and the other was lame.

some of…the others… ●●●… ○○○…一些 ~ 其餘的 ~I know only some of the students; the others are strangers to me.

another 又一 ; 另一I don’t like this one. Please show me another.

one thing…anotherTo learn is one thing; to teach is another.

one after another “ 一個接一個”The students left the classroom one after another.

有些 ~ 有些 ~ 的句型Some + UCN…; some + UCN…

Some reading is interesting; some (reading) is boring.

Some + CN…, other + CN…Some habits are good; other habits are bad. = Some habits are good; others are bad.

Some +(CN)…; some(=others)…Some (people) like swimming; others like jogging.There are many TV programs. Some are good for us; others will have a bad influence on us.Some said yes; others said no.

EXERCISE1. Be kind to (other/ others).2. To say is one thing and to do is (another/

the other).3. I don’t like this one; please show me

(another/ the other).

each/ everyeach可做 adj 和 pron 用Each boy received a present.Each of the students brought a dictionary.

every只能做 adjThe boss shook hands with every one of us.every of us (X)

兩個或兩個以上的每一個There is a bookstore on each side of the street.Each one of the two sisters has a new pen.

every one of my fingerevery one of my hands(X)each one of my hands(O)

each/ everyeach otherThey respect each other.

one anotherWe talked to each other.

every other/two..N每隔 ~He comes every other day.He comes every three weeks.

否定字 (not) 不與 each 連用

Not every student walks to school.not every 表示部分否定

全部 全無 任一 兩者 both neither either

三者以上 all none any

I know both of the two girls.I know all of the three girls.I know neither of the two girls.I know none of the three girls.You may take either of the two books.You may take any of the three books.

He comes here (each/ every) two days.

PART VI. 疑問代名詞主格 所有格 受格

人 ( 誰 ) Who Whose Whom

人、物 ( 甚麼 ) What X What

人、物 ( 哪一個 )

which X which

Who, whose, whomWho 作主詞或主詞補語

Who is he?Who took these pictures?

Whose 作疑問形容詞Whose bag is this?Whose shoes was he wearing?

Whom 作受詞Whom did you see?By whom was she killed?

whatA. 甚麼 What is your name?B. 職業、身分 What are you? I’m a teacher.

(who 姓名、關係 Who is he? He’s Lin./ He’s my uncle.)

C. What 可當疑問形容詞 What time is it?

which哪一個

Which do you like better, summer or winter?Which of these is yours?

Which+N 可當疑問形容詞Which watch do you like better?

使用疑問代名詞應注意事項間接問句為 : 疑問詞 + S + V

Do you know where he lives?No one could understand what he was saying.

Wh- + do you say/think/ believe/ guess/ imagine/ suppose + (S) + V?What do you suppose he will give you?Who do you think came to see me?

歷屆試題 Energy can be changed from one form into ___.

(A)other (B)others (C)another (D)the rest The flowers in the garden are more beautiful

than ___ in the park. (A)this (B)that (C)these (D)those

The climate of Taipei is not so hot as ___. (A)Tainan (B)of Tainan (C)one of Tainan (D)that of Tainan

My cat caught rats but ___ didn’t. (A)you (B)your (C)yours (D)you’re

We find ___ difficult to cross the road. (A)there (B)one (C)that (D)it

歷屆試題 Six students came to the party; one was a boy

and ___ were girls. (A)the other (B)another (C)other (D)the others

Don’t speak ill of ___ behind their backs. (A)other (B)the other (C)others (D)another

There are two white buildings on this street. One is the library and ___ is the hospital. (A)other (B)the other (C)the others (D)others

The students of your school are more diligent than ___. (A)my school (B)these of ours (C)mine (D)those of mine

歷屆試題 There are trees on ___ sides of the river. (A)both (B)all

(C)either (D)neither I’m sorry I cannot find ___ of the two books you lent me.

(A)neither (B)each (C)either (D)any It was ___ that came here at midnight. (A)him (B)them

(C)her (D)they It doesn’t matter whether there is only coffee or tea. ___

will do. (A)Any (B)Both (C)Anything (D)Either A: Have you ever seen a living whale? B: Yes, I’ve seen

___. (A)that (B)it (C)one (D)such ___ who respect others will be respected by others.

(A)They (B)Those (C)People (D)One

EXERCISE The telephone makes ___ possible to get in

touch with people quickly. (A)he (B)his (C)its (D)it

The tail of a fox is longer than ___ of a hare. (A)this (B)that (C)it (D)those

A bank is a place where people put ___ spare money for safekeeping. (A)its (B)his (C)your (D)their

___ of the students was present the day before yesterday. (A)Neither (B)None (C)All (D)Every

I make ___ a rule to get up early every day. (A)it (B)that (C)which (D)this

EXERCISE When using the telephone to take orders, John

learned that ___ is necessary to be courteous and careful. (A)he (B)it (C)that (D)this

I have two friends. One is from Tainan. ___ is from Kaohsiung. (A)Other (B)The other (C)Another (D)Others

I take it for granted ___. (A)to looking for better ways of getting food. (B)that he can speak English well (C)and had received the letter (D)being a good student

EXERCISE The climate of Jamaica is similar to ___ the

Philippines. (A)those of (B)which of (C)one of (D)that of

We have two bathrooms. One is downstairs and ___ is upstairs. (A)the other (B)the others (C)others (D)other

What time is ___ by your watch? (A)that (B)you (C)it (D)this

Many athletes jump rope to warm up for a sport. ___ do it as part of their daily workout. (A)Other (B)Others (C)The other (D)Another

EXERCISE I think the winner to be ___. (A)his (B)he is (C)him

(D)he Since oceans are so large, ___ seems impossible to

hurt them. (A)which (B)that (C)it (D)what Those young people enjoyed ___ a lot at the party.

(A)his (B)their (C)himself (D)themselves Nearly all animals produce eggs. ___ of the eggs we

eat come from chickens. (A)All (B)Most (C)Few (D)None

The climate in Taipei is different from ___ in Kaohsiung.

(A)that (B)this (C)it (D)one

EXERCISE ___ was Harry Potter that rescued her. (A)That

(B)Which (C)It (D)What On Halloween, ___ is not unusual to see children

dressed like witches, black cats, devils, and skeletons. (A)it (B)this (C)that (D)there

If a person breaks these rules, he or she can lose face, and in turn lose the respect of ___. (A)the other (B)other (C)another (D)others

At age 12, Franklin began writing articles for a newspaper, and that made ___ famous as a young writer. (A)it (B)him (C)them (D)her

EXERCISE For ___ still unsure of how to do with their

vouchers, some councilors suggested that the public donate the vouchers to charity. (A)those who (B)who (C)people who (D)those

Some scientists think that the hot weather in this tropical region makes the effects of global warming even worse. ___ believe forest reduction on Kilimanjaro may be the strongest human influence on glacial recession. (A)Another (B)The other (C)Others (D)The others