ENGLISH WRITING

應用外語系二年乙班教師 : 黃麗莉

英文句型寫作

Parts of Speech

Nouns

Adjectives

Conjunctions

Pronouns

Adverbs

Interjections

Verbs

Prepositions

Nouns

Nouns may name persons, animals, places,

things, plants, or ideas –

for example, Tom, horse, flower, love.

Pronouns

I, me, myself, that, who, whom

each, everyone, nobody

this, that, these, thoseThis is my pen.

which, whatWhich is the best

piano?

Verbs

Being Verbs: is, am, was, were• I am a student.

Action Verbs : Vt, Vi• She washes her clothes everyday.• A: Has the mail come yet?• B: I’ll look and see.

Verbs

Helping Verbs: can, should, could, will

• Can you come to my party?

Verse phrase: be+ving, have/has/had +PP• My sister is singing now.• My sister had sung this song many times.

Adjectives

dirty dress my doll

five personsan apple

a dogthe door

Prepositions

at, in, on, with, over, below… • The book is on the table.

because of, according to, instead of…• They come to your party because of me.

Adverbs

Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and adverbs.

She walks slowly. (adv)

She is very beautiful. (adv) (adj)

She walks very slowly. (adv) (adv)

Conjunctions

Coordinating conjunctions: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so.(FANBOYS)• She is beautiful and smart.

Subordinating conjunctions: because, after, before, if, until, when…• Because she is sick, she doesn’t go to school.

Interjections

Oh! Wow!

Wow! You look terrific.

Kinds of Sentences

Kinds of Sentences

Simple Sentences

Complex Sentences

Compound-Complex

Sentences

Compound Sentences

Kinds of Sentences 1. Type

Simple 2. Definition

One independent clause 3. Example

She works hard.

Kinds of Sentences

1. Type

Compound 2. Definition

Two or more independent clauses 3. Example

She works hard, so she gets a promotion.

Kinds of Sentences

1. Type

Complex 2. Definition

One independent clause and one or

more dependent clauses 3. Example

Because she works hard, she gets a

promotion.

Kinds of Sentences

1. Type

Compound-Complex 2. Definition

Two or more independent clauses

and one or more dependent clauses 3. Example

Because she works hard, she gets a

promotion, and she was satisfied.

Kinds of Sentences

Compound Sentences

A compound sentence consists of two or more

independent clauses with no dependent clauses.

Kinds of Sentences

He broke the vase. He cleaned the fragments.

 

Here are three ways to join the independent

clauses to form a compound sentence.

Kinds of Sentences

1. Connect the two independent clauses using a connecting word called a coordinating conjunction. The coordinating conjunctions are for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so (FANBOYS).

He broke the vase, and He cleaned the fragments. He broke the vase, so He cleaned the fragments.

Kinds of Sentences

Use a comma before the coordinating conjunction between two independent clauses.

2. Put a semicolon between the clauses. He broke the vase; he cleaned the fragments.

Kinds of Sentences

Use a transitional word, such as however or therefore. Place a semicolon before the word and a comma after.

He broke the vase; therefore, he was sad.

Kinds of Sentences

Complex SentencesA complex sentences consists of one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses.

After Jerry had had breakfast, he began his work as usual.

(one dependent clause and one independent clause)

Kinds of Sentences

Because the weather was wonderful last week, we decided to go to beach that could play beach volleyball.

(one independent clause and two dependent

clauses) A relative clause can be the dependent clause

in a complex sentence. I knew the singer who sang that in the1970s.

Kinds of Sentences

Compound-Complex Sentences

A compound-complex sentence consists of two

or more independent clauses and one or more

dependent clauses.

Kinds of Sentences

Judy worked in China, and Mary, who was her younger sister, visited her a day later.

Because Rick was a talented student, he got a good grade, and his mother proud of him.

Kinds of Sentences

Exercise: Combine each set of sentences to make an

effective compound or complex sentence.

1. It was boring yesterday. I went to cinema with my best friend. (對等 )

1. It was boring yesterday, so I went to cinema with my best friend. (Answer)

Kinds of Sentences

2. John didn’t feel good. He ate too much food last night. (從屬 )

2. John didn’t feel good, because he ate too much food last night. (Answer)

Correcting Fragments, Comma Splices, and

Run-On

Correcting

Comma Splices

Run-On

Fragments

Fragments

Dependent Clauses as Fragments: Clauses with Subordinating

Conjunctions

Dependent Clauses as Fragments: Clauses

with Relative Pronouns

Prepositional Phrases

Phrases as Fragments Appositive Phrase

Fragments Dependent Clauses as Fragments: Clauses with

Subordinating Conjunctions (because, after, although, since, and before)

While the teacher was angry.

Incorrect: I stopped talking. While the teacher was angry.

Correct: I stopped talking while the teacher was angry.

Correct: While the teacher was angry, I stopped talking.

Correct: The teacher was angry. I stopped talking.

Correct: The teacher was angry; I stopped talking.

Fragments

Dependent Clauses as Fragments: Clauses with Relative Pronouns

Who is standing on the right.

Incorrect: That pretty girl is my sister. Who is standing

on the right.

Correct: That pretty girl, who is standing on the right, is

my sister.

Fragments

Phrases as Fragments

Incorrect: Having worked hard every day. Amy wanted to take a break.

Correct: Having worked hard every day, Amy wanted to take a break.

Fragments

Prepositional Phrase Incorrect: Before the

movie started. We went to the bathroom.

Correct: Before the movie started, we went to the bathroom.

Fragments

Appositive Phrase

Incorrect: He received a gift on his birthday. A beautiful sweater.

Correct: He received a gift on his birthday, A beautiful sweater.

Comma Splices and Run-ons

The weather was wonderful, we decided to play soccer. (CS)

The weather was wonderful we decided to play soccer.(RO)

Correcting Comma Splices and Run-ons

  1.Use a comma and a coordinating conjunction

(FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.) 2. Use a subordination conjunction 3. Use a semicolon 4. Make each clause a separate sentence

Comma Splices and Run-ons

Incorrect: We decided to play soccer the weather was wonderful. (run-on)

Correct: We decided to play soccer, for the weather was wonderful.

(use a comma and a coordinating conjunction for)

Parallelism

Nonparallel: Either we will clean the house, or let’s go out.

Parallel: Either we will clean the house, or we will go out shopping.

Parallelism

Nonparallel : Yesterday, I bought a lace dress, went to hair salon , and was seeing a movie.

Parallel: Yesterday, I bought a lace dress, went to hair salon , and saw a movie.

Adjectives and Adverbs

The order of adjectives

Opinion : ugly, beautiful Size : big, little Shape :round, square Age :old, young Color : blue, yellow Origin :American, English Material :plastic, silk

The order of adjectives

I want to buy a new dress. I want to buy a beautiful dress. I want to buy an American dress. I want to buy a pink dress.

I want to buy a beautiful, new, pink, American dress

The order of adjectives

Exercise: 1. Helen has ______________________.

( red, beautiful, thick) 2. She has a ___________________dress. (cotton, dirty, old) 1. beautiful, thick, red 2. dirty, old, cotton