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Understanding My Data, MyselfSupporting Self-Reflectionwith Ubicomp Technologies
Mingi Pyo2011.12.08.UX Lab.
Ian Li, Anind Dey, Jodi ForlizziCarnegie Mellon Univ.
Proceeding of 13th international conference on Ubiquitous computing(2011.09.17-21)
Keyword
Personal Informatics ToolsSelf-Reflection
fitbitPedometer
DanaFemale
Where she is activeor not
Issues
Know how to collect a lot of informationvs. Answer how to reflect on information
Number of steps Web history
Sleep Quality Food consumption
Blood level Expenditures
Location Weight
Electricity Usage Driving habits
Purpose
1. What kinds of questions do people ask about their data?2. When do people ask these questions?
Ultimately, to design personal information tools that effectively assist self-reflection
Findings
1. What kinds of questions do people ask about their data?
2. When do people ask these questions?
6 Kinds of Questions
2 Phases, and transition between phases
Recruitment & Participants
Advertised on: Craiglist, Study Recruitment site, Quantified Self Blog http://quantifiedself.com
15 Participants (P1 - P15) 91 people expressed interest
Participants who
:currently using a personal information tools:used tool for more than a month
Types of data collected
Financial expenditures (3 participants)Sleep (3)Weight (2)Blood glucose level (2)Exercise (1)Productivity (1), web history (1)Books read (1), general life events (1)
Procedure
1-hour interviews in the lab or on SkypeObserved using their personal information tools
Asked how they reflected on their data: what were they looking for?: what questions did they ask?: how did they answer their questions?: what problems did they encounter?
Finding 1.
6 Kind of Questions
Status History
Goals Discrepancy
Context Factors
Finding 1-1
StatusWhat is my current status?
P7 looked at her fitbit pedometer several times a day to check her physical activity level
Finding 1-2
HistoryWhat happened in the past?
P5 looked at her spending history to check if she was reducing her expenditures
Finding 1-3
GoalWhat goals should I purse?
P9 tracked what she ate and her physical activity level to find the cause of her leg cramps, so she can avoid certain foods or not do certain exercises
Finding 1-4
DiscrepancyHow does my behavior compare to my goals?
P11 compared her current food consumption with the goal she had set for herself
Finding 1-5
ContextWhat other things happened during a particular point in time?
P3 who has diabetes measured her blood sugar level, and kept in mind the food she ate and her physical activity
Finding 1-6
FactorsWhat influences my behavior over a long period of time?
P2 tracked many types of data over time to control her weight: exercise,what she ate and total calories
Finding 2.
2 Phases
MaintenancePhase
DiscoveryPhase
Finding 2-1
Maintenance Phase
1. Already know how different factors affect their behavior,
Just want to know what their current status is
2. Already identify their goals, Only concerned with whether to meet the goal
Finding 2-1
Maintenance PhaseMost important kinds of questions
Status History
Goals DiscrepancyContext Factors
Finding 2-1
Maintenance PhaseMost important kinds of questions
Status History
Goals DiscrepancyContext Factors
Collecting data is easier because fewer types of data are collected
Tools could provide Alerts and Suggestions
Finding 2-2
Discovery Phase
1. Try to figure out What their goals are
2. Collect several types of data, find out what factors affect their behavior
Finding 2-2
Discovery PhaseMost important kinds of questions
Status HistoryGoals Discrepancy
Context Factors
Finding 2-2
Maintenance PhaseMost important kinds of questions
Status HistoryGoals Discrepancy
Context Factors
Help users collect data over a long period of time
Help users select the goals that they should pursue
Finding 2-3
Transitions between 2 Phases
MaintenancePhase
DiscoveryPhase
Finding 2-3
Maintenance -> Discovery
P7 who has recurrent insomnia tracks her sleep using fitbit
Maintenance
When insomnia returns, she records the factors that may be causing the problem
Discovery
Finding 2-3
Discovery -> Maintenance
P6 initially tracked his blood sugar level,food consumption, and mood
Discovery
Eventually, he transitioned into just collecting his blood sugar levelbecause he felt like he had control of his diabetes
Maintenance
Finding 2-3
Transition problems
P9 tracked multiple data to figure out what causes her leg cramps when sleeps
Discovery
But she still doesn’t know the causes,so she continue to collect data about her sleep and possible causes
?
Lesson Learned
1. Supporting the maintenance phase
Alert the user when they are not meeting their goal
Assist the user when they don't meet their goal
Lesson Learned
2. Supporting the discovery phase
Collect data anytime, anywhere, and often
Support different kinds of collection tool
Data should be presented together
Reduce the upfront cost of data collection
Lesson Learned
3. Supporting transition between phases
Identify which phase the user is in
Help users transition from Discovery to Maintenance quickly
Continuous data collection throughout the phase
Understanding My Data, MyselfWhat is my big picture?What is my final goal?Who am I?...
End of document
Appendix
Multiple types of data gathering
For example, P7, who collected the widest variety of data, used Daytum and your.flowingdata to track television shows and movies that she watched, restaurants she dined at, and places she visited. She recorded her eating habits with DailyBurn. Because of periods of insomnia, she used Fitbit to record her sleep patterns and physical activity levels. She also complemented her sleep tracking by taking notes about the quality of her sleep in YawnLog.