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SISTEM OPERASI &
ANTARMUKA
PengenalOperasi
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TOPIK BAHASAN
Apa yang dimaksud Sistem Operasi
Sistem Mainrame
Sistem !eskt"p
Sistem Multipr"#ess"r
Sistem Terdistri$usi
Sistem Ter#luster
Sistem Real %Time
Sistem Handeld
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APA 'AN( !IMAKSU!SISTEM OPERASI) Se$ua pr"gram yang $ertindak se$agai perantara antara pek"mputer dan perangkat keras k"mputer*
Tu+uan sistem "perasi, Men+alankan pr"gram pengguna dan mem$uat pengguna le$i mudameme#akan masala*
Mem$uat sistem k"mputer nyaman untuk digunakan*Menggunakan perangkat keras k"mputer dengan #ara yang e
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KOMPONEN SISTEMKOMPUTER .* Hard/are 0 menyediakan sum$er daya k"mputasi dasar 12mem"ry3 I4O de5i#es6*
7* Sistem Operasi 0 mengendalikan dan mengk""rdinasikanpenggunaan ard/are pada $er$agai pr"gram aplikasi untuk$er$agai pengguna*
8* Pr"gram aplikasi 0 menentukan #ara%#ara $agaimana sum$daya sistem yang digunakan untuk meme#akan masalak"mputasi dari pengguna 1#"mpiler3 sistem data$ase3 5ide" gpr"gram $isnis6*
9* User 1"rang3 mesin3 k"mputer lain6
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ABSTRAKSI KOMPONENSISTEM
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!E:INISI SISTEM OPERASI
Res"ur#e all"#at"r 0 mengel"la dan mengal"kasikan sum$er
Pr"gram Peng"ntr"l 0 mengendalikan eksekusi pr"gram user "perasi perangkat I 4 O
Kernel 0 pr"gram yang $er+alan pada setiap saat 1selain pr"gaplikasi6*
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E;O
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SERIA< PRO2ESSIN(
Earliest 2"mputers,
N" "perating system pr"grammers intera#ted dire#tly
/it te #"mputer ard/are
2"mputers ran r"m a
#"ns"le /it displayligts3 t"ggle s/it#es3s"me "rm " inputde5i#e3 and a printer
Users a5e a##ess t"te #"mputer in =series>
Pr"$lems,
S#eduling, m"st installati"ns used aard#"py sign%up seet t"reser5e #"mputer time
time all"#ati"ns #"uld run s"rt
"r l"ng3 resulting in /asted#"mputer time
Setup time a #"nsidera$le am"unt " time
/as spent +ust "n setting up tepr"gram t" run
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SIMP
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MONITOR POINT O: ;IE
M"nit"r #"ntr"ls te seuen#e " e5ents
Resident Monitor is s"t/are al/ays in mem"ry
M"nit"r reads in +"$ and gi5es #"ntr"l
C"$ returns #"ntr"l t" m"nit"r
InterruptProcessing
DeviceDrivers
JobSequencing
Control LanguageInterpreter
UserProgram
Area
Monitor
Boundary
igure !"# Memory Layout $or a %esid
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PRO2ESSOR POINT O: ;IE
Pr"#ess"r e?e#utes instru#ti"n r"m te mem"ry #"ntaining te m"
E?e#utes te instru#ti"ns in te user pr"gram until it en#"unters anending "r err"r #"nditi"n
=control is passed to a job” means pr"#ess"r is et#ing and e?e#uinstru#ti"ns in a user pr"gram
=control is returned to the monitor” means tat te pr"#ess"r is etand e?e#uting instru#ti"ns r"m te m"nit"r pr"gram
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MU
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U&IP%'(%AMMI&(
Te pr"#ess"r spends a #ertainam"unt " time e?e#uting3 until itrea#es an I4O instru#ti"nD it must ten/ait until tat I4O instru#ti"n#"n#ludes $e"re pr"#eeding
%un )ait )ait%un
*ime
+a, Uniprogramming
Program A
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MUL*IP%'(%AMMI&(
Tere must $e en"ug mem"ry t" "ld te OS 1residentm"nit"r6 and "ne user pr"gram
en "ne +"$ needs t" /ait "r I4O3 te pr"#ess"r #ans/it# t" te "ter +"$3 /i# is likely n"t /aiting "r I4O
%un )ait )ait%un
%unA
%unA
%un )ait)ait )ait%un
%unB
)ait )ait%unB
*ime
+b, Multiprogramming -it. t-o programs
Program A
Program B
Combined
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MUL*IP%'(%AMMI&(
Multipr"grammingals" kn"/n as multitasking
mem"ry is e?panded t" "ld tree3 "ur3 "r m"re
pr"grams and s/it# am"ng all " tem
%un
A
%un
A
%un
B
%un
B
%un
C
%un
C
*ime
+c, Multiprogramming -it. t.ree programs
%un )ait )ait%un
%un )ait)ait )ait%un
Program A
Program B
)ait )aitCombined
%un )ait)ait )ait%unProgram C
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:ITUR SO 'AN( !IPER
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TIME%SHARIN( S'STEM0INTERA2TI;E2OMPUTIN(
2an $e used t" andle multiple intera#ti5e +"$s
Pr"#ess"r time is sared am"ng multipleusers
Multiple users simultane"usly a##ess tesystem tr"ug terminals3 /it te OSinterlea5ing te e?e#uti"n " ea# userpr"gram in a s"rt $urst "r uantum "#"mputati"n
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BA*C2 MUL*IP%'(%AMMI&3S" *IM0 S2A%I&(
Batc. Multiprogramming *ime S.aring
Principal objective Maximize processor use Minimize response time
Source of directives to
operating system
Job control language
commands provided with the job
Commands entered at the
terminal
*able !"# Batc. Multiprogramming versus *ime S.aring
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C'MPA*IBL0 *IM04S2A%I&( S5S*0MS
2TSS One " te -rst time%saring "perating systems
!e5el"ped at MIT $y a gr"upkn"/n as Pr"+e#t MA2
Ran "n a #"mputer /it 873
8F%$it /"rds " main mem"ry3/it te resident m"nit"r#"nsuming G " tat
T" simpliy $"t te m"nit"r andmem"ry management apr"gram /as al/ays l"aded t"start at te l"#ati"n " teGt /"rd
Time Sli#ing System #l"#k generates interrupts
at a rate " appr"?imately "nee5ery *7 se#"nds
At ea# interrupt OS regained#"ntr"l and #"uld assign pr"#ess"t" an"ter user
At regular time inter5als te#urrent user /"uld $e preemptedand an"ter user l"aded in
Old user pr"grams and data /ere/ritten "ut t" disk
Old user pr"gram #"de and data/ere rest"red in main mem"ry/en tat pr"gram /as ne?t gi5ena turn
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Monitor
reeree ree
J'B 6
0
!000
"000
!0000
!0000
#a$
Monitor
J'B !
0
!000
"000
!"000 !"000
#b$
ree
Monitor
J'B !
0
!000
"000
!"000
#f$
Monitor
J'B #
+J'B !,
0
!000
"000
%0000
#c$
ree!"000
Monitor
J'B 6
+J'B !,
0
!000
"000
#d$
!0000%"000
ree!"000
Monitor
J'B 7
+J'B !,
+J'B 6,
0
!000
"000
#e$
igure !"8 C*SS 'peration
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SISTEM !ESKTOP
Pers"nal #"mputers 0 sistem k"mputer yang didedikasikan untuk siuser*
Perangkat I4O 0 key$"ards3 m"use3 layar3 printer dalam $entuk le$i
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MUL*I*2%0ADI&(
Te#niue in /i# a pr"#ess3 e?e#uting anappli#ati"n3 is di5ided int" treads tat #an run#"n#urrently Tread
• dispat#a$le unit " /"rk• in#ludes a pr"#ess"r #"nte?t and its "/n data area t"
ena$le su$r"utine $ran#ing• e?e#utes seuentially and is interrupti$le
Pr"#ess
• a #"lle#ti"n " "ne "r m"re treads and ass"#iatedsystem res"ur#es
• pr"grammer as greater #"ntr"l "5er te m"dularity "
te appli#ati"n and te timing " appli#ati"n related
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SISTEM PARA
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SISTEM PARA
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ARSITEKTUR S'MMETRI2MU
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S5MM0*%ICMUL*IP%'C0SSI&( +SM
Term tat reers t" a #"mputer ard/are ar#ite#tureand als" t" te OS $ea5i"r tat e?pl"its tatar#ite#ture
Se5eral pr"#esses #an run in parallel
Multiple pr"#ess"rs are transparent t" te user
tese pr"#ess"rs sare same main mem"ry and I4Oa#ilities
all pr"#ess"rs #an per"rm te same un#ti"ns
Te OS takes #are " s#eduling " treads "rpr"#esses "n indi5idual pr"#ess"rs and "syn#r"ni@ati"n am"ng pr"#ess"rs
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SMP AD3A&*A(0S
Per$ormance
m"re tan "ne pr"#ess #an $erunning simultane"usly3 ea#
"n a dierent pr"#ess"r
Availability
ailure " a single pr"#essd"es n"t alt te system
Incremental
(ro-t.
per"rman#e " a system#an $e enan#ed $y adding
an additi"nal pr"#ess"r
Scaling
5end"rs #an "er a range "pr"du#ts $ased "n te num$er" pr"#ess"rs #"n-gured in te
system
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Process 6
igure !"6! Multiprogramming and Multiprocessing
Process !
Process #
+a, Interleaving +multiprogramming9 one processor,
Process 6
Process !
Process #
+b, Interleaving and overlapping +multiprocessing: t-o processors,
Bloc;ed %unning
*ime
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SISTEM TER!ISTRIBUSI
Mendistri$usikan k"mputasi pada $e$erapa pr"sess"r -sik
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STRUKTUR UMUM 2
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CLI0&*
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SISTEM TER2
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SISTEM REA
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SIS*0M 2A&D20LD =A&D%'ID 'P0%A*I&(
S5S*0M A
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APPLICA*I'&%AM0)'%>
Pr"5ides ig%le5el $uilding $l"#ks a##essi$le tr"ugstandardi@ed APILs tat pr"grammers use t" #reatene/ apps ar#ite#ture is designed t" simpliy te reuse " #"mp"nents
Key #"mp"nents,A#ti5ity
ManagerManages lie#y#le
" appli#ati"ns
Resp"nsi$le "rstarting3
st"pping3 andresuming te
5ari"usappli#ati"ns
ind"/
Manager Ca5a a$stra#ti"n" te underlyingSura#e Manager
All"/sappli#ati"ns t"de#lare teir
#lient area anduse eatures likete status $ar
Pa#kage
Manager
Installs andrem"5es
appli#ati"ns
Telep"y
Manag
All"/sintera#ti"n /p"ne3 SMS3 a
MMS ser5i#e
APPLICA*I'&
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APPLICA*I'&%AM0)'%>+C'&*",
Key #"mp"nents, 1#"nt*6
2"ntent Pr"5iders tese un#ti"ns en#apsulate appli#ati"n data tat need t" $e sared $et/een
appli#ati"ns su# as #"nta#ts
Res"ur#e Manager manages appli#ati"n res"ur#es3 su# as l"#ali@ed strings and $itmaps
;ie/ System
pr"5ides te user intera#e 1UI6 primiti5es as /ell as UI E5ents
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S5S*0M LIB%A%I0S
2"lle#ti"n " useul system un#ti"ns /ritten in 2 "r 2 anused $y 5ari"us #"mp"nents " te Andr"id system
2alled r"m te appli#ati"n rame/"rk and appli#ati"nstr"ug a Ca5a intera#e
E?p"sed t" de5el"pers tr"ug te Andr"id appli#ati"nrame/"rk
S"me " te key system li$raries in#lude, Sura#e Manager
Open(<
Media :rame/"rk
S< !ata$ase
Br"/ser Engine
Bi"ni#
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A&D%'ID %U&*IM0
E5ery Andr"id appli#ati"n runsin its "/n pr"#ess /it its "/ninstan#e " te !al5ik 5irtual
ma#ine 1!;M6 !;M e?e#utes -les in te
!al5ik E?e#uta$le 1*de?6 "rmat 2"mp"nent in#ludes a set "
#"re li$raries tat pr"5idesm"st " te un#ti"nalitya5aila$le in te #"re li$raries "te Ca5a pr"gramminglanguage
T" e?e#ute an "perati"n te!;M #alls "n te #"rresp"nding242 li$rary using te Ca5aNati5e Intera#e 1CNI6
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AC*I3I*I0S
An a#ti5ity is a single 5isual user intera#e #"mp"nenin#luding tings su# as menu sele#ti"ns3 i#"ns3 and#e#k$"?es
E5ery s#reen in an appli#ati"n is an e?tensi"n " teA#ti5ity #lass
Use ;ie/s t" "rm grapi#al user intera#es tatdisplay in"rmati"n and resp"nd t" user a#ti"ns
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P')0% MA&A(0M0&*
Alarms
Implemented in te
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UESTION)))