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Group 1 : 王艺伦 徐丹 张倩倩 张洪月 郭珊珊

PPT 制作:王艺伦

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Outline:

ⅠBackgroud of Christianity

Ⅱ A. Relations

B. The Introduction of Christianity: Puritanism/Christian/Catholic/Orthdox/Protestant

C. Influence

Ⅲ Conclusion

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ⅠBackgroud of Christianity

• Christianity is a monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus as presented in canonical gospels and other New Testament writings.

• The three largest groups in the world of Christianity are the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox churches, and the various denominations of Protestantism.

• The Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox split from one another in the East–West Schism of 1054 AD, and Protestantism came into existence during the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century, splitting from the Roman Catholic Church.

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Ⅱ A. Relation

Anglicans

217,948,000Orthodox

275,583,000Other Christians

395,867,000Protestant

968,000,000Catholic

Number of AdherentsBranch

Roman Catholic Orthdox

Christianity

Protestant

PuritanismMajor Traditional Branches of Christianity (mid-1995; source: Encyclopedia Britannica)

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B. Puritanism 清教主

义Time: the late 16th and 17th centuries

Purpose: to“purify” the Church of England

Beliefs:

• Covenant of Works( 行为之约 ) is God‘s promise to Adam.

• Covenant of Grace( 恩典之约 ) is God’s promise to send the Holy Spirit.

• God predetermines who is to be chosen (God's elect 上帝的选民 ) and who is predestined to be damned to hell.

Requrements: work hard, spend little and invest for more business. Working hard and living a moral life were their ethics. they also advocated self-discipline and introspection.

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Christian 基督徒 Definition: A person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion.

Based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as recorded in the Canonical gospels and the letters of the New Testament.

Faith groups:• Four to seven meta-groups, (Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy,

Protestantism…)

• Three wings, (conservative, mainline and liberal)

• Fifteen religious families, (Adventist, Baptist, Lutheran, Reform…)

• Dozens of denominations, (from the Amish to The Way)

• Many systems of belief, (Arminianism, British Israelism, Calvinism…)

Personalities:

God, Yeshua/Jesus, Mary, Saints, Satan/demons

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Catholic 天主教徒

Definition:

The term "catholic", derived from the Greek word καθολικός (katholikos), which means "universal" or "general", was first used to describe the Church in the early 2nd century.

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Catholic 天主教

Roman Catholic doctrine:

maintains that the Church is infallible when it definitively teaches a doctrine of faith or morals. Catholic worship is centred on the Eucharist, in which the Church teaches that the sacramental bread and wine are transubstantiated into the body and blood of Christ. The Church holds the Blessed Virgin Mary in special regard. Catholic beliefs concerning Mary include her Immaculate Conception and bodily Assumption at the end of her earthly life.

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Orthodox 东正教

• History : The Eastern Orthodox Churches trace their roots back

to the Apostles and Jesus Christ. Apostolic succession established the seats of Patriarchy (for example see the Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem). Orthodoxy reached its golden age during the high point of the Byzantine Empire, taken over by the Bulgarian Orthodox Church and the Serbian Orthodox Church before it continued to flourish in Russia after the Fall of Constantinople. Numerous autocephalous churches have been established in Eastern Europe and Slavic areas

Orthodox Church : the second largest Christian denomination in the world, with an estimated 300 million adherents mainly in the countries of Belarus, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Georgia, Greece, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Russia, Serbia, and Ukraine, all of which are majority Eastern Orthodox. The Orthodox Church is composed of several self-governing ecclesial bodies, each geographically and nationally distinct but theologically unified.

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Protestantism 新教主义

Definition: the term Protestant has been used in many different senses, often as a

general term merely to signify Christians who belong to neither the Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodoxy, or Oriental Orthodoxy Churches.

Founders: the first major reformers and theologians( 神学家 ) 14th century John Wycliffe, English reformer, the "Morning Star of the Reformation". 15th century Jan Hus, Catholic Priest and Professor, father of an early Protestant

church 16th century Martin Luther, church reformer, Father of Protestantism , theological

works guided those now known as Lutherans.

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Protestantism 新教主义Movements :

Fundamental principles :Scripture Alone : The belief in the Bible as the supreme source of authority for the church.Justification by Faith Alone: The subjective principle of the Reformation is justification by faith alone, or, rather, by free grace through faith.Universal Priesthood of Believers: The universal priesthood of believers implies the right and duty of the Christian laity not only to read the Bible in the vernacular, but also to take part in the government and all the public affairs of the Church.

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C. Influence

• persecution ( 迫害 )of the Puritans, that brought about Puritan migration to Europe (Holland) and America( the Plymouth Colony in what is now southeastern Massachusetts).

Mayflower (五月花号):

America:

1.Traditon: New England also established another American tradition—a strain of often intolerant moralism.

2.American Values: American values such as individualism, hard work, and the sense of equality.

3.American Education: The foundation of a series of institutes, such as Harvard( 哈佛学院 )founded in 1636, College of William and Mary( 威廉玛丽学院 ) in 1693, and Yale( 耶鲁大学 ) in 1701.

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Ⅲ Conclusion

• The Christianity is the most important religion in the Western world. The development of the several branches and its beliefs caused a lot of influences in history which have a great impact on American began since the voyage of Mayflower.

• To have a better understanding of the relations between different branches and its beliefs help us to learn western culture better.

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Thank you ^^


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