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TM TT NI DUNGVi s pht trin nhy vt ca mng chuyn mch gi IP hin nay khng ch !m"i ch# ch$ng ta nh%ng &'ch v( mi a &ng m) c*n ") c+ h,i ci thin cc &'ch v(vi-nthngtr.ckiavich/t".0ngt1th+nv)gith)nhr2h+n3 45t6"7u8 mngchuyn mch k9nh gh:p ph7n k9nh th!# th;i gian P 5 c m,t vai tr* v c?ng@uan trng vi s pht trin ca A5 h,i3 B9n cnh nh%ng .u im vC ch/t ".0ng &'chv( t1t8 v?ng &'ch v( r,ng "n tr9n khDp mi "5nh thE8F thG mng P cHngI,c ",nhiCu hn chJ nh. s1 ".0ng cc &'ch v( hn chJ8 sK &(ng t)i nguy9n .;ng truyCnkhng t1i .u8 gi th)nh ca#3=r9n c+ sL 8 mng V#IP ra ;i v) ng)y c)ng p Mng t1t h+n cc y9u cNu Ot ranh. ch/t ".0ng &'ch v(8 gi th)nh8 s1 ".0ng tPch h0p cc &'ch v( th#i "Qn phi th#i3RHng nh. cc cng ngh ra ;i tr#ng th;i gian gNn 7y8 thG v/n C Sia# thMc ") OcIit @uan trng3 Vic nDm chDc Sia# thMc ") chGa kha th)nh cng ca vic trin khaimTi m,t cng ngh mi v)# thc tJ3 RhPnh vG vUy8 tr#ng n,i &ung ca I)i VuUn vWn t1tnghip n)y8 !m Ain .0c gii thiu vC XSia# thMc sK &(ng tr#ng mng V#IPY3 B)i "uUnvWn sZ g[m cc n,i &ung chPnh nh. sau\Rh.+ng ]\ =Eng @uan vC mng V#IP3Rh.+ng ^\ Rc gia# thMc truyCn ti tr#ng V#IP3Rh.+ng_\ Sia# thMc I# hiu V#IP3`,t v/n C Oc Iit @uan tr#ng khi mTi cng ngh8 m,t gia# thMc mi .0c sinhra ") vNn C t.+ng thPch vi cc cng ngh v) gia# thMc tr.c 3 4 cHng ") m,t tr#ngnguy9n nh7n @uyJt 'nh s s1ng c*n ca mng V#IP .0c C cUp ti ti\Rh.+nga\ bJt n1i mng V#IP v) P3V) phNn cu1i c?ng tr#ng I)i VuUn vWn t1t nghip\ Rh.+ng c\ bh# st gia# thMc cu,c gi V#IP !tm#rk`ng tPch h0p &'ch v( s1?it8hi$%@A=r#ng chuyn mch gi mTiIntin.0cchiath)nhccgitinzpack!t{8 ckhun&ng.0c@uy'nhtr.c3=r#ng mTi gi cHng c chMa thng tin iCu khin\ 'a ch trm ngu[n8 'a ch trm Pchv) s1 thM t ca gi tin8F Rc thng tin iCu khin .0c t1i thiu8 chMa cc thng tinm) mng y9u cNu c th 'nh tuyJn .0c ch# cc gi tin @ua mng v) .a n tiPch3 =i mTi n#&! tr9n tuyJn gi tin .0c nhUn8 nh v) sau thG chuyn tiJp ch# tichm Pch3 VG k thuUt chuyn mch gi tr#ng @u trGnh truyCn tin c th .0c 'nhtuyJn ,ng truyCn tin3 4iCu kh khWn nh/t 1i vi chuyn mch gi ") vic tUp h0pcc gi tin t# In tin In Nu Oc Iit ") khi m) cc gi tin .0c truyCn th!# nhiCuc#n .;ng khc nhau ti trm Pch3 RhPnh vG "} tr9n m) cc gi tin cNn phi .0cnh &/u s1 thM t8 iCu n)y c tc &(ng8 ch1ng "Op8 sKa sai v) c th truyCn "i khihi9n t.0ng m/t gi Ay ra3Rc .u im ca chuyn mch gi\ `Cm &2# v) hiu su/t truyCn tin ca#\ jiu su/t sK &(ng .;ng truyCn r/t ca# vGtr#ng chuyn mch gi khng c khi nim k9nh c1 'nh v) &)nh ri9ng8 mTi.;ng truyCn gi%a cc n#&! c th .0c cc trm c?ng chia s2 ch# truyCntin8 cc gi tin sDp h)ng v) truyCn th!# t1c , r/t nhanh tr9n .;ng truyCn3 bh nWng tryCn .u ti9nA Rhuyn mch gi c*n c th sDp thM t ch# cc gi c th truyCn i th!# mMc , .u ti9n3 =r#ng chuyn mch gi s1 cu,c gi I' t6ch1i Pt h+n nh.ng phi ch/p nhUn m,t nh.0c im vi th;i gian tr- sZ tWng "9n3_ bh nWng cung c/p nhiCu &'ch v( th#i v) phi th#i3 =hPch nghi t1t nJu nh. c "Ti Ay ra\ 4Oc tPnh n)y c .0c ") nh; kh nWng'nh tuyJn ,ng ca mng3B9n cnh nh%ng .u im thG mng chuyn mch gi cHng I, ", nh%ng nh.0c im nh.\ =r- .;ng truyCn "n\ t# i @ua mTi trm8 &% "iu .0c ".u tr%8 AK "} tr.c khi.0c truyCn i3 4, tin cUy ca mng gi khng ca#8 &- Ay ra tDc nghZn8 "Ti m/t In tin =Pnh a .;ng c th g7y ") "Op In tin8 "##p ")m tWng ".u ".0ng mng khngcNn thiJt3 =Pnh I# mUt tr9n .;ng truyCn chung ") khng ca#3-.D. )E8 t$h 8"' 23$% V4I5-.D.-. Fu i92 GiG2 8hi Hh\ 47y ") .u im nEi IUt ca V#IP s# vi in th#i .;ng &)ithngth.;ng3 Rhi phP cu,cgi .;ng&)i ch Ingchi phP ch#truynhUpInt!rn!t3 `,t gi c.c chung sZ thc hin .0c vi mng Int!rn!t v) tiJtkim ng k cc &'ch v( th#i v) qaA3 Junh.tr#ngmngth#i8 ,tr-th/pn9ntiJngvngkhng nh h.Lng nhiCu thG tr#ng mng IP8 tr- "n n9n tiJng vng nh h.LngnhiCu Jn ch/t ".0ng th#i3 K6thu7tHhU8t3HA=ruyCntPnhiuth!#th;i gianthctr9nmngchuynmch gi ") r/t kh thc hin m/t gi tr#ng mng ") khng th trnh .0c v)c, tr- khng c1 'nh ca cc gi thng tin khi truyCn tr9n mng3 4 c .0cm,t &'ch v( th#i ch/p nhUn .0c8 cNn thiJt phi c m,t k thuUt n:n tPn hiut .0cnh%ngy9ucNukhDt kh!\ t s1n:n"nzgim.0ct1c,IitAu1ng{8 c kh nWng suy #n v) t# "i thng tin ca cc gi I' th/t "c333 =1c, AK "} ca cc I, R#&!c zR#&!r an& t!c#&!r{ phi nhanh khng ")mcu,c )m th#i I' gin #n3 4[ng th;i c+ sL h tNng ca mng cHng cNn .0cn7ng c/p "9n cc cng ngh mi nh. yram! o!"ay8 p=`8333 c t1c , ca# h+nh#Oc phi c m,t c+ chJ thc hin chMc nWng r#< zrua"ity #q Ing cch sK&(ng cc In tin j3^^c ") porpRypo3 Vic iCu khin n)y &a tr9n s ch# ph:pcu,c gi8 IWng thng8 h#Oc m,t v)i thng s1 khc nh) sn Au/t @uy 'nh3 > c th") chMc nWng rTng c ngha ") ch/p nhUn mi y9u cNu truy nhUp ca Nu cu1i34iCu khin , r,ng IWng thng\ Sat!k!!p!r hT tr0 cc In tin BorBoBRych# vic @un "} IWng thng3 > c th ") chMc nWng rTng ngha ") ch/p nhUn mi y9ucNu thay Ei IWng thng3 Sat!k!!p!r c th hn chJ m,t s1 cc Nu cu1i j3_^_ c?ngm,t "$c sK &(ng mng3 =hng @ua vic sK &(ng k9nh I# hiu j3^^c8 Sat!k!!p!r cth "#i Iw cc cc cu,c gi t6 m,t Nu cu1i s hn chJ IWng thng3 4iCu c thAy ra nJu Sat!k!!p!r th/y rng khng IWng thng sn c tr9n mng tr0 gi$pch# cu,c gi3 Vic t6 ch1i cHng c th Ay ra khi m,t Nu ang tham gia m,t cu,c giy9u cNu th9m IWng thng3 > c th ") m,t chMc nWng rTng ngha ") mi y9u cNu truynhUp Cu .0c [ng }3run "} miCn &'ch v(\ L 7y miCn &'ch v( zmain{ ngha ") tUp h0p t/t c ccphNntKj3_^_g[mthiJt I' Nucu1i3 Sat!may8`RscWngk}h#t ,ngviSat!k!!p!r thc hin "i9n "c gi%a cc phNn tK tr#ng miCn &'ch v( hay t6 &'ch v(n)y sang &'ch v( khc34iCu khin I# hiu cu,c gi\ Sat!k!!p!r c th "a chn hai ph.+ng thMc iCukhin I# hiu cu,c gi ")\ h#)n th)nh I# hiu cu,c gi vi cc Nu cu1i v) AK "} I#hiu cu,c gi chPnh In th7n n8 h#Oc Sat!k!!p!r c th ra "nh ch# cc Nu cu1i kJtn1i m,t k9nh I# hiu cu,c gi h.ng ti nhau3 =h!# ph.+ng thMc n)y thG Sat!k!!p!rkhng phi gim st I# hiu tr9n k9nh j3^^c3run "} cu,c gi\ `,t vP &( c( th vC chMc nWng n)y ") Sat!k!!p!r c th "Upm,t &anh sch t/t c cc cu,c gi j3_^_ h.ng i ang thc hin ch th' rng m,tNu cu1i I' gi ang IUn v) cung c/p thng tin ch# chMc nWng @un "} IWng thng3D.-.-.Z. KhMi i1u :hi9$ ' i92bh1i iCu khin a im z`Rs{ .0c sK &(ng khi m,t cu,c gi hay h,i ngh' cNngi% nhiCu kJt n1i h#t ,ng3 t# c m,t s1 h%u hn cc kJt n1i [ng th;i8 n9n cc]k`Rs gim st s th# thuUn gi%a cc Nu cu1i v) s kim tra mi Nu cu1i vC tPnhnWng m) ch$ng c th cung c/p ch# h,i ngh' h#Oc cu,c gi3 Rc `Rs g[m hai phNn\B, iCu khin a im z`R{ v) B, AK "} a im z`P{3B, iCu khin a im c trch nhim tr#ng vic th# thuUn v) @uyJt 'nh khnWngcaccNucu1i3 =r#ngkhi I,AK"}aim.0csK&(ngAK"}mu"tim!&ia8 cc "u[ng tr#ng su1t @u trGnh ca m,t h,i ngh' h#Oc m,t cu,c gi aim3D.-.D. Gi'4 thU8 H.ZDZjGnh a3 Sia# thMc I# hiu j3_^_Sia# thMc j3_^_.0c chia ")m _ phNn chPnh\ B# hiu j3^^c op< zo!gistrati#n8 p&missi#ns8 an& g.;i I' gi nh/c 1ng ngh!3 xn&p#int = gKi In tin R#n!ct ti xn&p#int thng I# k9nh cu,c gi 5 .0c thiJt "Up3 V$c n)y8 gi%a hai xn&p#int mL m,t kJtn1i=RP n%ach#k9nhI#hiuj3^acth.+ng".0ng8 thiJt"Upv)&uytrGk9nhm!&ia3B.c c\ bhi 5 th.+ng ".0ng A#ng zcc thng s1 .0c m t tr#ng phNn I# hiuj3^ac{8 mTi xn&p#int y9u cNu mL m,t kJt n1i au&i# truyCn th#i3 >h. vUy sZ t[nti hai k9nh ch# ph:p thc hin cu,c gi hai chiCu gi%a hai thu9 Ia#3 ru trGnh th#i.0c thc hin hin &a tr9n gia# thMc o=P vi s kim s#t ca o=RP3D.-.Z.D. _]4 hiu +I8 K$h tu!$ thS$% 0u' G'tC:CCHC==r#ng hGnhthMc I#hiun)ythG mi IntinI#hiu .0c gKi @uaSat!k!!p!r3 Sat!k!!p!r sZ AK "} v) chuyn tiJp I# tin ti phPa I' gi3 bhi 8 phPa gikhng nh/t thiJt phi IiJt chPnh Ac 'a ch ca phPa I' gi nh.ng @u trGnh n)y sZ I'tr- nhiCu h+n3Rc In tin I# hiu tr#ng m hGnh n)y gNn nh. gi1ng vi tr.;ng h0p I# hiutrc tiJp gi%a hai thiJt I' Nu cu1i nh.ng c m,t s1 ch$ } nh. sau\ Sat!k!!p!r L7ysZg[mchai gia#&in\ gia#&invi xn&p#int v)xn&p#int =3 Vic ph7n Iit nh. vUy sK gi$p ch$ng ta re rng h+n tr#ng vic gKinhUn cc In tin vG hai gia# &in n)y h#t ,ng c s ,c "Up nh/t 'nh vinhau3 b9nh I# hiu j3^^c .0c thiJt "Up gi%a cc xn&p#int v) Sat!k!!p!r]l bhinhUn .0c In tin I5=r#ng vP &( thM nh/t8 ch# ta c m,t ci nhGn khi @ut vC chMc nWng ca Pr#AyVI=x ti thu9 Ia# Rar#" thiJt "Up cu,cgi3D.D.D. _G$ ti$ >I5D.D.D.-. C]8 O43i QG$ ti$ >I5 Bn tin y9u cNu zo!@u!st{\ .0c gKi t6 c"i!nt ti s!rv!r3 oyR _^h] 'nh ngha hkiu In tin r!@u!st ch# ph:p sp v) pr#Ay c th2 Ac 'nh ng.;i &?ng8 khLit#8 sK Ei8 hy m,t phi9n3 Bn tin I>VI=x\y9u cNu thiJt "Up m,t phi9n h#Oc thay Ei cc OctPnh ca phi9n tr.c 3=r#ng In tin n)y c sK &(ng VI=x3 pRb ch .0c sK &(ng km vi In tin I>VI=x3 pRb.0c gKi t6 Nu cu1i Jn Nu cu1i ch# r!sp#ns! ^kk b3 pRb cHng cthchMaphNnth7nIntinvi mtphi9ncu1i c?ngnJuIntinI>VI=x khng chMa3 Bn tin P=I>VI=x3 > khng nh h.Lng ti r!@u!st 5 h#)n th)nh tr.c m)s!rv!r 5 gKi r!sp#ns!3 Bn tin oxSI IPa ]i^3]l3]~_3]k^s IPa ]i^3]l3]~_3]k^tk kmau&i# a~]ik o=PpVP kartpmap\k PR`slkkk Bn tin o!sp#ns!\>I5lD.m Dmm nKVia\ I5lD.m Dmm nKR#nt!ntnV!ngth\ 333 vk#I#I _lkklaa_]h _ihklaah~h I> IPa ]i^3]l3]~_3]k~s IPa ]i^3]l3]~_3]k~tk kmau&i# al]ak o=PpVP kartpmap\k PR`slkkk ngha ca cc tr.;ng tr#ng In tin\Ti;u 1 >I5 MS tG yr#m=h.;ng ") pozp&&r!ss #q o!c#r&{ ca ng.;i gKi3 > Ia# g[m VI=xchDcrng t/t c cc In tin tuNn t sau .0c 'nh tuyJn @ua pr#Ay3 4iCu n)ycNn thiJt ch# @u trGnh tPnh c.c h#Oc cc Mng &(ng khc cNn thiJt kims#t cc In tin ch# &ia"#g n)y3^~c3 PhPa .0c gi rung chung3 >g.;i .0c gi nh/c my3 h3 PhPa .0c gi gKi In tin ^kk b thng I# cu,c gi IDt Nu3i3 Bn tin ^kk b .0c chuyn tiJp @ua pr#Ay s!rv!r ti phPa gi3l3 PhPa gi tr ";i In tin ^kk b nhUn .0c Ing In tin pRb ti pr#Ayns!rv!r z khi pr#Ay chn ti9u C o!c#r&no#ut! v)# tr#ng In tin I>VI=x{h#Oc gKi trc tiJp ti phPa ng.;i .0c gi3~3 Pr#Ay chuyn tiJp pRb ti ng.;i .0c gi3]k3 Ru,c gi th#i .0c thiJt "Up3D.D.Z.D. _]4 hiu t=e8 tiH %if' 8]8 thit QK u 8uMi jGnh ]_3 =hiJt "Up cu,c gi vi o!&ir!ct VI=x t6 phPa sp gi3^3 o!&ir!ct s!rv!r "i9n "c vi V#cati#n s!rv!r "/y thng tin 'a ch ca sp.0c gi3_3 V#cati#n s!rv!r tr "i 'a ch ca sp .0c gi3a3 o!&ir!ct s!rv!r tr 'a ch trc tiJp vC sp gi vi In tin _AA vi tr.;ngR#ntact 5 .0c cUp nhUt3 bhng gi1ng nh. Pr#Ay s!rv!r8 o!&ir!ct s!rv!rkhng chuyn tiJp In tin I>VI=x3c3 sp gi gKi In tin pRb ti o!&ir!ct s!rv!r Ac nhUn vC In tin _AA3_kh3 spR gi gKi trc tiJp In tin I>VI=x vLi tr.;ng R#ntact\ ") 'a ch tr vCILi o!&ir!ct s!rv!r ti sp .0c gi3i3 sp .0c gi rung chung v) ng.;i &?ng nh/c my3 sp .0c gi gKi Intin ^kk b ti sp gi3l3 spR gi gKi In tin pRb Ac nhUn3D.Z. >4 c]$h %if' %i'4 thU8 H.ZDZ vV >I5Si%a j3_^_ v) am c th cm,t sn phNm mang tPnh chiJn ".0c v) h#)n t#)n kh thi nJu .0c Nu t. $ng h.ng3Rc gia# thMc V#IP .0c C cUp ti tr#ng I)i VuUn vWn t1t nghip ") hJt sMc c+ Innh.ng kh Ny v) t#)n &in3 B)i "uUn 5 i s7u tGm hiu nh%ng v/n C hJt sMc c+In v) mL r,ng vi nhiCu gc cch v) cch nhGn khc nhau ca ng.;i A7y &ng mng3 gi$p !m pht trin ph.+ng php "uUn8 cch Ot v/n v) gii @uyJt v/n C3t# hn chJ vC th;i gian8 khun khE ca I)i "uUn cHng nh. kinh nghim thc ti-nca !m ch.a nhiCu n9n khng trnh khwi nh%ng sai st v) nh%ng nhNm "Qn3 >9n sng gp ca thNy c c?ng cc In khng ch gi$p I)i "uUn ca !m c ch/t ".0ng ca#h+n m) c*n trang I' ch# !m m,t kiJn thMc v%ng v)ng h+n tr#ng nghi9n cMu v) cngtc sau n)y3xm Ain ch7n th)nh cm +n__=I VIs =jp` bj ] p"an B3#hns#n3


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