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Zbstract2and2theoretical2background

Selected2References

üethodology

[[]2Z72Qhmura2et2al724[88]L72zlimate2at2the2equilibrium2line2of2glaciers72JournalTofTGlaciologyA2.q24[.fL02.8Cb([[7[]]2 R7/72 Kraithwaite2 4]ffqL72 Temperature2 and2 precipitation2 climate2 at2 the2 equilibriumbline2 altitude2 2 of2 glaciers2expressed2by2the2degreebday2factor2for2melting2snow72JournalTofTGlaciologyA29(24[q)L022(.Cb(((7[.]2 S72 zarr2 et2 al72 4]f[fL72 jlacier2 reconstruction2 and2 massbbalance2 modelling2 as2 a2 geomorphic2 and2palaeoclimatic2tool72EarthTSurfaceTProcessesTandTLandformsA2.902[[f.b[[[97[(]2–7”72Kenn2-2ö7R7/72“ulton24]f[fL72Zn2"xcel24TüL2spreadsheet2program2for2reconstructing2the2surface2profile2of2former2mountain2glaciers2and2ice2caps72ComputersT3TGeosciencesA2.)249L02)f9b)[f7[9]2 Z72 Fern2 -2 V72 Xaszlo2 4]f[fL72 Size2 specific2 steadybstate2 accumulationbarea2 ratio02 an2 improvement2 for2equilibriumbline2estimation2of2small2palaeoglaciers72QuaternaryTScienceTReviewsA2]802]Cq[b]CqC7[)]2K72R72Rea24]ff8L72–efining2modern2day2areabaltitude2balance2ratios24ZZKRsL2and2their2use2in2glacierbclimate2reconstructions72QuaternaryTScienceTReviewsA2]q4.–(L02].C–](q7[C]2 QsmastonA2 “72 4]ff9L72 "stimates2 of2 glacier2 equilibrium2 line2 altitudes2 by2 the2 ZreaZltitudeA2 the2 ZreaZltitude2Kalance2 Ratio2 and2 the2 ZreaZltitude2 Kalance2 ”ndex2 methods2 and2 their2 validation72 QuaternaryT

internationalA[.qb[.802]]b.[7[q]2S72”vybQchs2et2al724]ff)L722jlacier2response2in2the2"uropean2Zlps2to2“einrich2"vent2[2cooling02the2jschnitz2stadial72JournalTofTQuaternaryTScienceA2][24]L02[[9b[.f7[8]2 V7–72 “ughes2 et2 al72 4]f[.L72 Timing2 of2 glaciation2 during2 the2 last2 glacial2 cycle02 "valuating2 the2 concept2 of2 a2global23Xast2jlacial2üaximum324XjüL72EarthTScienceTReview72”n2press72[[f]2R72Vallás2et2al724]ff)L72Xate2Vleistocene2and2“olocene2glaciation2in2the2Vyrenees02a2critical2review2and2new2evidence2from2[fKe2exposure2agesA2southbcentral2Vyrenees72QuaternaryTScienceTReviewsA2]902]8.Cb]8).7222

This2project2is2funded2by02

"xpected2outputsThe2cold2event2known2as2the2Younger4Dryas24[]8ff2b2[[Cff2yr2KVL2was2characterized2by2a2sudden2interruption2of2the2öorth2Ztlantic2Qverturning2zirculationA2which2 forced2a2 rapid2climatic2deterioration2across2 the2ö72“emisphere72–espite2 its2 significance2 as2 a2 “recent”2 example2 of2 rapid2 climate2 change2 and2 the2 end2 of2 the2 last2 glaciationA2 and2impacts2 potentially2 as2 diverse2 as2 promoting2 a2 shift2 to2 agriculture2 and2 larger2 social2 groupingsA2 there2 is2 still2 little2understanding2on2the2synchronicityA2speed2and2regional2variability2of2changeA2especially2across2"urope72This2project2 is2 intended2to2better2constrain2 theYounger2–ryas2palaeoclimate2 in2"uropeA2using2palaeoglaciers2and2established2 glacierbclimate2 relationships72 The2 project2 will2 examine2 all2 published2 Y–2 palaeoglacier2 geometries2across2"uropeA2and2will2rebcalculate2their2"XZs2according2to2a2standardized2procedure2as2well2as2rebcalibrate2the2chronologies22according2to2common2criteria24e7g72same2production2rate2for2cosmogenic2datesL72This2will2provide2a2temporallybconstrained2 dataset2 of2 the2 palaeobtemperature2 and2 precipitationA2 which2 will2 be2 used2 to2 develop2 a2comprehensive2Y–2climatic2model2for2"urope722

The2 equilibrium2 line2 marks2 the2 position2 whereA2 over2 a2 period2 of2 one2 yearA2 accumulation2 is2 exactly2 balanced2 by2ablation72 There2 is2 therefore2 a2 very2 close2 connection2 between2 the2 "XZ2 and2 local2 climateA2 particularly2 solid2precipitation2and2summer2air2temperatures2[[]7

The2 project2 brings2 together2 glaciologistsA2 geochronologists2 and2 palaeoclimatologists2 from2 different2 institutions2across2"urope72Z2 key2 component2of2 this2project2 is2 the2geographical2 coverage2 required2 to2 identify2 differences2 in2timing2of2maximaA2doubleMtriple2Y–2moraine2systemsA2at2sites2across2"urope72”n2this2respectA2particularly2relevant2is2the2definition2of2the2effects2of2the2Volar2áront2variability2across2northbsouth2and2eastbwest2transects72

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bb2jlacier2geometryA2hypsometry2and2"XZs2for2the2chosen2sites7bb2 Regional2 reconstructions2 of2 palaeotemperatures2 and2 glacierbderived2palaeobprecipitation72bb2Xocation2and2dynamics2of2the2Volar2áront2and2air2masses2across22"urope7

b2Z2website2where2all2these2data2will2be2available2for2download722

[72–epartment2of2jeography2and2"nvironment72University2of2Zberdeen72]72–epartment2of2"arth2Science72University2of2KergenA2öorway7.72jeographyA2School2of2"nvironment2and2–evelopment72University2of2üanchester72(72”nsitut2für2TeilchenphysikA2"T“b“öggerbergA2ZürichA2Switzerland7972–epartment2of2jeography72Queen2üary2University2of2Xondon7)72–epartment2of2"arth2SciencesA2áaculty2of2"arth2and2Xife2SciencesA2VU2University2ZmsterdamA2öetherlands7C72–epartment2of2"arth2Sciences72University2of2VisaA2”taly7

Source02[]]Kraithwaite24]ffqL2Temperature2at2the2equilibriumbline2altitude2of2glaciers2expressed2by2the2degreebday2factor2for2melting2snow7

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.72Valaeoclimatic2modelling7

12,900T 11,700T

Calibrate4existing4model4outputs

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Climatic4change4scenarios

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Methods4assessment:

Cosmogenics2[q]0b2Vroduction2rates2[8]7b2"rosion2rates7b2Snow2cover7b2zorrect2boulder2choice7b2Sampling2procedure7b2“igh2error2rate7b2zosmogenic2element7

OSL0b2Sample2reliability7b2üorphostratigraphic2history7

14C4[[f]0b2zalibration7b2“ard2water2effect7b2zontamination7

Internal4consistency4

within4methods

Coherent44chronologies

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