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Tiu chun vit nam TCVN 6153 : 1996

Tiu chun bt buc p dng ton phn

Bnh chu p lc - Yu cu k thut an ton v thit k ktcu, ch to

Pressure vessels - Safety engineering requirement of design, constructionmanufacture

1. Phm vi p dng1.1. Tu chun ny p dng cho

a) Bnh chu p lc sau y gi tt l bnh c p sut lm vic nh mc cao 0,7kG/cm2 ( khng k p sut thu tnh).

b) B (xitec) v thng dng chia, chuyn ch kh ho lng hoc cc cht lng cp sut lm vic cao hn 0,7kG/cm2 hoc cht lng hay cht rn dng bt khngc p sut nh|ng khi tho ra dng cht kh c p sut cao hn 0,7kG/cm2.

c) Chai dng chia , chuyn ch kh nn, kh ha lng, kh ho tan c p sut lvic cao hn 0,7kG/cm2

d) Ni hi un bng in c p sut lm vic cao hn 0,7kG/cm2 hoc cc ni un|c nng bng in c nhit n|c nng cao hn 1150C.

1.2. Tiu chun ny khng p dng cho.a) Thit b s|i m bng hi hay n|c nng;b) Bnh c dung tch t 25 lt tr xung nu tch s gia dung tch (tnh bng l

p sut (tnh bng kG/cm2) khng ln hn 200;c) Xi lanh my hi n|c v my nn kh, cc bnh lm ngui v phn li du, n|c

trung gian khng tch ri ca h thng my nn, cc bu khng kh ca mybm, cc thit b gim chn ng v.v...

d) Bnh khng phi bng kim loi;e) Bnh chia n|c c p sut, nh|ng nhit n|c khng qu 1150C hoc chia cc

cht lng c nhit mi cht khng qu im si ng vi p sut 0,7 kG/cm2.f) Bnh hp tng chic lp t, xe p.

2. Tiu chun trch dnTCVN 6008:1995 Thit b p lc - Mi hn - Yu cu k thut v ph|ng php kimtra

3. Thut ng Trong tiu chun ny cc thut ng |c hiu nh| sau:

3.1. Thut ng v thit b3.1.1. Bnh chu p lc l mt thit b dng tin hnh cc qu trnh nhit hc, ho

ho hc, cng nh| chia v chuyn ch mi cht c p sut ln hn p sut khquyn.

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3.1.2. Bnh chu p lc lin hp l t hp gm hai hay nhiu bnh chu p lc ni vinhau lm vic trong iu kin ging hoc khc nhau v p sut, nhit v cht.

3.1.3. B xic l bnh chu p lc |c t trn toa xe ho, t hay trn cc ph|ng tinvn ti khc.

3.1.4.

Thng l bnh chu p lc c dng hnh tr t nm hoc ng c th di chuyhoc t c nh.3.1.5. Chai l mt loi bnh chu p lc bng kim loi c dung tch nh (th|ng d|i 100

lt) dng cha cc cht lng, kh nn, kh ho lng, kh ho tan c p sut.3.1.6. Bnh hp hoc ni nu l loi bnh chu p lc, trong xy ra qa trnh nhit

v c th |c t nng bng in, kh nng, hi n|c hoc nhin liu khc.3.1.7. Ni hi un bng in l ni hi dng in un n|c thnh hi dng cho c

thit b khc.3.2. Thut ng v thng s 3.2.1. p sut lm vic cho php l p sut ln nht m thit b |c php lm vic

di.3.2.2. p sut cc i cho php l p sut ln nht m thit b |c php lm vic tro

mt thi gian nht nh. Tr s p sut ny v thi gian cho php ko di do ng|ch to quy nh

3.2.3. p sut thit k l p sut do ng|i thit k quy nh lm c s tnh sc bn ccphn ca bnh. p sut ny ch|a k n p sut thu tnh ti im tnh ton.

3.2.4. Nhit ln nht ca mi cht cha trong bnh |c xc nh l nhit mi chca bnh.

3.2.5. Nhit ln nht ca thnh bnh khi c chia mi cht |c xc nh l nhit tnh ton ca thnh bnh. Khi khng c s tng gim nhit thnh bnh do hth hay to nhit th c th ly nhit tnh ton ca thnh bnh bng nhit mi cht tip xc vi thnh bnh.

3.3. Thut ng v thit k, ch to v s dng bnh chu p lc.3.3.1. Ng|i thit k bnh chu p lc l t chc , c nhn tin hnh thit k bnh ch

lc.3.3.2. Ng|i ch to l t chc , c nhn c t| cch php nhn v |c cp c thm

quyn cho php ch to cc bnh.3.3.3. Ng|i bn bnh chu p lc l t chc, c nhn c t| cch php nhn v |c cp

c thm quyn cho php kinh doanh cc bnh.3.3.4. Ng|i ch s hu bnh chu p lc l t chc, c nhn s hu thc s v bnh.3.3.5. Ng|i s dng bnh chu p lc l t chc, c nhn trc tip hay gin tip s dng

bnh, cng nh| s dng mi cht cha trong cc bnh .3.3.6. Ng|i np mi cht (kh nn, kh ho lng, cht lng v.v...) l t chc , c nhn c

t| cch php nhn v |c cp c thm quyn cho php np cc mi cht.3.3.7. Ng|i cung cp vt liu l t chc, c nhn c t| cch php nhn trong vic kinh

doanh vt liu dng ch to, lp t, sa cha bnh.4. Trch nhim bt buc ca nhng ng|i c lin quan n thit k, ch to v s

dng bnh chu p lc.

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4.1. Ng|i thit k phi chu trch nhim trong vic, xc nh cu to, tnh bn, chvt liu cho cc b phn ca bnh, lp s trang b cc dng c o kim v an tocho bnh ph hp vi quy nh trong tiu chun ny. Ngoi ra cn chu trch nhimxem xt v tho thun nhng ngh thay i thit k ca ng|i ch to.

4.2. Ng|i ch to phi chu trch nhim lp quy trnh cng ngh ch to theo ng yucu ca ng|i thit k, t chc kim tra cht l|ng cc khu trong qu trnh ch to,chu trch nhim v cht l|ng sn phm do mnh ch to ra theo thit k v tichun ny.Khi xut x|ng phi cung cp cho ng|i mua bnh cc h s k thut sau y:- L lch ca bnh: 2 quyn;- Bn v cu to ca bnh c ghi r cc kch th|c chnh v ng ct;- Bn chi dn cc yu cu v lp t cng nh| cc chi dn v s dng;- Chng chi khm nghim xut x|ng;H s k thut phi |c l|u gi t nht 5 nm ti ni ch to.

4.3. Ng|i bn bnh chu p lc phi chu trch nhim v cht l|ng v thng s cc bnhbn ra p sut lm vic cng b trong chng t bn hng v phi bo hnh theoquy nh ca php lnh cht l|ng hng ho; ng thi phi cung cp cho ng|i muacc ti liu k thut lin quan n quy nh 4.1.Khi ng|i bn khng c cc ti liu k thut theo quy nh 4.2 th c th thcc c nhn hay n v khc lp h s k thut, nh|ng ng|i bn phi chu trchnhim v s ng n ca h s ny.

4.4. Ng|i ch s hu bnh chu p lc phi chu trch nhim php l trong vic qun lcc bnh v chu trch nhim bi hon thit hi do s c bnh gy ra.Ng|i ch s hu phi ban hnh quy nh trch nhim cho nhng ng|i gin tip haytrc tip s dng cc bnh, ng thi phi t chc thc hin cc quy nh khm

nghim, ng k s dng, cng nh| ban hnh cc ni quy, quy trnh vn hnh bod|ng v sa cha cc bnh.4.5. Ng|i s dng bnh chu p lc phi chu trch nhim v vic vn hnh an ton c

bnh p lc cng nh| mi cht cha trong . Ng|i s dng trc tip (cng nhnvn hnh) cc bnh phi thi tuyn |c cp chng chi vn hnh ti ni |c giaonhim v.

4.6. Ng|i np mi cht phi chu trch nhim xc nh tnh trng hon bo ca cc bnhtr|c khi np mi cht vo cng nh| ra cc bin php an ton v vn chuyn v sdng...

4.7. Ng|i cung cp vt liu ch to, sa cha bnh chu p lc phi m bo cht l|ngvt liu bn ra ph hp vi nhn hiu, phi cung cp cho khch hng cc c tnh cl v thnh phn ho hc. Khi khng c cc c tnh ny th phi tho thun ng|i mua v phi ghi r trong vn bn bn hng.

5. Vt liu ch to, lp t, sa cha bnh chu p lc.5.1. Yu cu chung.5.1.1. Vt liu ch to, lp t v sa cha cc b phn chu p lc ca bnh, k c

hn, dy hn phi l vt liu c bn theo yu cu, c tnh hn tt, bo m vic tin cy v an ton nhng iu kin vn hnh quy nh.

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5.1.2. Cht l|ng v chung loi vt liu dng ch to phi theo ng yu cu ca thik. Khi c nghi vn v cht l|ng v chng loi vt liu th ng|i ch to, lp hay sa cha phi em phn tch kim nghim li vt liu tr|c khi s dng. Ccc tnh ca vt liu phi |c ghi r trong l lch bnh.

5.1.3. Khi s dng kim loi nhiu lp phi ghi r cc c tnh ca lp c bn (chu lc).

5.1.4.

Khi sa cha khng |c thay th cc chi tit chu p lc bng vt liu c chtl|ng thp hn vt liu ch to ban u.5.1.5. Cho php ch to cc b phn ca bnh bng vt liu ca nhiu n|c khc nhau,

nh|ng phi c c tnh t|ng |ng nh| c tnh vt liu chn trong bn thik.

5.2. Cc chi tit rn v dp t thp tm nh|: np ca, np l, mt bch hoc cc chi t|ng t khc phi tho mn cc yu cu ca thp tm cng nhn hiu. Cc phi rn,dp cn phi |c kim tra bng siu m hay bng cc ph|ng php khng ph hukhc pht hin v x l cc khuyt tt bn trong.

5.3. Thp c5.3.1. Thp c dng ch to cc b phn chu p lc ca bnh cn phi qua nhi

luyn.Trong chng chi ca thp c cn phi c:a) Cc chi tit c lm vic p sut t 50 kG/cm2tr xung khi nhit thnh

n 400oC:- Thnh phn ho hc:C,S vP; - ben v dn di t|ng i.

b) Cc chi tit c lm vic p sut cao t 50 kG/cm2 tr xung hoc nhit thnh trn 4000C th ton b thnh phn ho hc v c tnh k c d dai va p

5.3.2. Cc mu th c tnh chi tit c phi |c c ng thi vi chi tit c tch ra sau khi kt thc nhit luyn. Cc chi tit c nh cho php c mu thring.

5.3.3. Cc chi tit c bng thp hp km ngoi vic kim tra c tnh v thnh phnhc cn phi kbo st km t|ng (kim tra t chc th i v t vi) sau khi nhit luyn. Tr|ng hp do yu cu k thut ch to quy nh cn phi kim tra mn gia cc tinh th.

5.4. Cc chi tit lp xit5.4.1. Cc chi tit lp xit phi |c ch to bng thp c cng c tnh vi thp mt b

v ph hp vi thng s quy nh.5.4.2. Cc chi tit lp xit lp cc mt bch thp hp kim cao phi dng cng vi m

bch. Cc chi tit lp xit bng thp hp kim cao lp vo mt bch thp cacng nh| vic dng phi hp khc ch s cho php trong tr|ng hp mi ni lmvic khng thay i.

6. Yu cu k thut an ton v kt cn bnh chu p lc.6.1. Yu cu chung.6.1.1. Vic ch to bnh v cc b phn chu p lc ca bnh phi |c tin hnh the

ng thit k v quy trnh cng ngh |c cp c thm quyn duyt.

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Ch to cc b (xitc) v thng chuyn ch cc cht kh ha lng ngoi qnh ca tiu chun ny cn phi theo quy nh ca ngnh giao thng vn ti.

6.1.2. Cc b v thng cha kh ho lng (tr xi lng v cc cht lng gy lnh khc)cn phi tnh ton n p sut c th xut hin nhit: 500C v ng sut c thxut hin do ti trng ng gy ra khi chuyn ch.

6.1.3.

Cc b v thng t trn t dng cha cacbua hyro lng ( propan, prpilenbutan, butilen v cc hp cht ca n) c th tnh ton vi p sut hin ng vinhit thp nht ca ni m b v thng s dng, nh|ng khng d|i 350C. Nhit phi ghi vo l lch ca b v thng.

6.1.4. Cc b v thng np y amlic lng c kh nng bc hi mnhit khi ktthc np khng qu m 250C v c lp cch nhit ngoi c th tnh ton vi psut 4 kG/cm2.

6.1.5. Cc b v thnh dng cha oxi lng v cc cht lng gy lnh khc phi tnh tontheo p sut kh dng tho mi cht ra, cng nh| ti trng ng gy ra khichuyn ch.

6.1.6. Cc chai phi |c tnh ton sao cho khi th thu lc ng sut tronh thnh chaikhng v|t qu 90% gii hn chy ca thp ch to chai.

6.2. Thn bnh6.2.1. Thn bnh ch yu c kt cu hnh tr. Cho php ch to thn bnh c dng h

khc vi iu kin phi tnh ton m bo bn tt c cc phn chu p lc. 6.2.2. Thn bnh c th ch to theo kiu khng c mi hn t thp rn, nh thp hoc

mi hn t thp tm.6.2.3. Cc mi hn dc cc khoang lin nhau ca thn bnh, cng nh| ca thn bnh

vi mi hn y bnh (c nhiu mnh) khng |c nm lin nhau, m phi lchnhau mt on t nht bng ba ln chiu dy, nh|ng khng nh hn l00mm.Tr|ng hp v kt cu khng th thc hin |c quy nh ni trn th cn c biphp kim tra thch hp v phi ghi r trong thit k v quy trnh cng ngh chto.

6.2.4. Cc b v thng cha kh ho lng cn c lp cch nhit theo ng quy nh cthit k cho kh khi b nung nng cao hn nhit tnh ton.

6.2.5. Cc bnh c |ng knh trn 800 mm cn phi c ca ng|i chui hnh bu dckch th|c 400mm x 300mm hoc hnh trn |ng knh 400mm.Cc bnh c |ng knh nh hn cn phi c cc l nh v sinh vi kch th|cnh nht khng d|i 80mm.i vi cc bnh c kt cu c th tho ri |c th khng bt buc phi c cahoc l v sinh.

6.2.6. pha trn ca b hoc thng phi c ca ng|i chui nh| quy nh 6.2.5 v csn ng gn ca vi cu thang c 2 bn.Cc bnh cha oxi, nit ho lng v cc cht lng gy lnh khc khng cn philm sn ng gn ca.

6.2.7. phn trn thn hoc y cc b v thng t trn t phi c mt ca ng|ichui nh| quy nh 6.2.5.

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Cc b c dung tch n l000 lt cho php khng phi lm ca ng|i chui nh|ngphi lm cc ca quan st hnh bu dc c kch th|c trc nh khng b hn80mm hoc hnh trn |ng knh khng d|i 80mm.

6.2.8. Cc chai phi c kt cu van c th vn cht vo l c chai hoc vo ccni nu l chai khng c c.

6.2.9.

Cc chai c dung tch ln hn l00 lt bt buc phi c van an ton. Khi b tr chathnh nhm cho php t mt van an ton chung cho c nhm chai.6.2.10. Cc chai c dung tch ln hn l00 lt cha kh ho lng dng lm nhiu liu cho

cc ph|ng tin vn chuyn, ngoi van an ton phi c dng c ch mc np ti a6.2.11. Cc ng ni ca van dng cho cc chai cha hyr v cc kh chy khc phi c

ren tri, cn cc chai cha oxi v cc kh khng chy phi c ren phi.6.2.12. Van ca chai cha kh c phi c np vn kn vo u ni.6.2.13. xit cht cc van ca chai cha oxi c th dng phn ch khng dnh du m

dng l kim loi mng hoc bng thu tinh lng; khng cho php dng m hoccc chi tit khc c dnh du m.

6.2.14. Ghi nhn6.2.14.1. Cc bnh sau khi ch to phi gn nhn ghi ni dung sau:

a) Tn ng|i ch to;b) S ch to;c) Ngy thng nm ch to;d) p sut lm vic cho php v p sut th;e) Nhit lm vic cho php;f) Dung tch ca bnh.

6.2.14.2. Trn cc b v thng sau khi ch to nhn cn b sung thm:

- Khi l|ng bn thn b v thng.6.2.14.3. Trn cc chai sau khi ch to nhn cn b sung thm:

a) S hiu chai;b) Khi l|ng thc ca chai khng, kg;- Cc chai dung tch n 12 lt ghi chnh xc n 0,l kg.- Cc chai dung tch trn 12 lt n 55 lt, ghi chnh xc n 0,2 kg.- Cc chai dung tch trn 55 lt ghi theo iu kin k thut ch to.a) Dung tch chai, lt.- Chai dung tch n 12 lt, ghi dung tch nh mc.- Chai dung tch trn 12 lt n 55 lt, ghi dung tch thc t vi chnh

n 0,3 lt.- Chai dung tch trn 55 lt, ghi theo iu kin k thut ch to.

6.2.15. Cc b v thng cha v chuyn ch cc kh ho lng n mn th tm nhn hiubng vt liu chng n mn hay phi ph mt lp sn chng n mn trong sut.

6.2.16. Mt ngoi ca b v thng phi qut sn men, sn du hay sn nhm mu xmbng, c ch v k sc theo bng l.

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Bng 1

Cng dng ca b vthng Ch Mu ch Mu sc

Dng cha amonic

Dng cha CloDng cha pht enDng cha xiDng cho tt c kh khngchy khcDng cho cc kh chy

Amoniac - kh ho lng, c

Clo - kh ha lng, cPht en - kh ha lng, cOxi - nguy himTn kh - nguy him

Tn kh - nguy him

en

Xanh l cyenVng

en

Vng

Mu bo vMu bo vXanh da trien

6.2.17. Ng|i ch to phi sn, k sc v ch trn cc b v thng mi ch to, cn ivi b v thng ang s dng th do ng|i np mi cht tin hnh.

Bng 2

Tn cht kh Mu sn cachai Ch Mu ch Mu sc

1 2 3 4 5Nit AmonicAcgn |tAcgn k thutAcgn schAxtylenButylenKh du mButanHyrKhng kh HliNit oxit

OxiOxi y t Hir sunfuaAnhyricSunfur Axit CacbonicPht enFreon 11Freon 12

enVngenenXmTrngXmXanh l cy smenNuXm

Xanh da triXanh da triTrngenenMu bo vNhmNhm

Nit Amonic

Acgn |tAcgn k thut

Acgn schAxtylenButylen

Kh du mButanHyr

Khng kh nnHli

Oxit nit

OxiOxi y t

Hir sunfuaAnhyricSunfur Axit Cacbonyc

-Freon 11Freon 12

Vngen

TrngXanh n|c bin

Xanh l cy

Vng

Trng

TrngTrngen

enen

TrngVng

-en

-

NuNu

TrngXanh n|c bin

Xanh l cy-

en------

--

Vng

-

Xanh n|c bin-

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Freon 13Freon 22CloPropanCc kh chykhcEtylenCc kh khngchy khc

NhmNhmMu bo vDa cam

Tmen

Freon 13Freon 22

-Propan

Tn cht kh

EtylenTn cht kh

enen

-en

Trng

Vng

2 sc 2 sc vng

Xanh l cy--

--

6.3. Chm, y v mt sng ng6.3.1. Chm v y bnh |c php ch to theo hnh dng bt k: li, lm, hnh c

hnh nn, phng...Cc y lm phi tnh ton m bo n nh ca hnh dng khi chu p sut.

Cho php dng y phng khi bnh c |ng knh trong hay cnh ln nht khngqu 500mm; nu do yu cu cng ngh phi lm y phng c kch th|c ln hnth ng|i thit k phi c bin php gia c m bo an ton.

6.3.2. y v chm c th ch to bng ph|ng php g, dp hoc cun trn cc mychuyn dng t l tm hay nhiu tm hn ni vi nhau.Cho php ch to chm, y bng thp rn trn my vi iu kin phi kim trthnh phm pht hin ht cc khuyt tt bn trong.

6.3.3. y v chm ch to bng cch hn ni nhiu tm phi m bo cc yu cu saua. Phi hn kiu gip mp;b. C th hn cc tm phng ri sau mi g, dp hoc hn cc mnh g, d

snc. Khng ni ghp cc tm bng mi hn chng mp;d. Khng b tr mi hn vo ch un cong.

6.3.4. Mt sng cng c th hn nhiu tm vi nhau vi cc iu kin sau:a. Mi hn phi l mi hn gip mp;b. Khng |c khoan l hng lot trn mi hn.

6.4. Cc mi ni.Tt c cc mi hn ni trong tiu chun ny u phi tun th ng quy nh troTCVN6008 : 1995.

6.5. Cc ng trao i nhit.6.5.1. Cc ng trao i nhit |c php ni vo mt sng bng ph|ng php nc hay hn

theo ng ch dn ca ng|i thit k.6.5.2. Cc ng trao i nhit c chiu di ln cn phi t. cc vch chn nh v tr

gian c nh khe h gia cc ng v cn c bin php b tr dn n thch ng trnh cong vnh ng hoc lm hng mi ni.

7. Ch to bnh chu p lc

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7.1. Ng|i ch to phi lp ra quy trnh cng ngh tr|c khi ch to v chu trch nhimv cht l|ng vn bn ny. Khi ch to theo ng cc yu cu ca thit k v quytrnh cng ngh. Tr|ng hp cn thay i so vi thit k cn phi |c tho thunca ng|i thit k bng vn bn.

7.2. Cc chi tit ca bnh phi |c trit tiu ng sut d| sau khi ch to. Ng|i ch tophi quy nh cc b|c trit tiu ng sut d| trong quy trnh cng ngh.

7.3. Dung sai cho php ca cc cng vic gia cng nh| van ca hnh tr khi lc trn,khi un ng, nhng dung sai v hnh dng, kch th|c, v chiu dy, v vic chun mi hn v.v... do ng|i thit k quy nh.

7.4. Vic kim tra cht l|ng sn phm phi theo ng quy trnh cng ngh ch to vphi tun th theo tiu chunTCVN6008 : 1995.Cc kt qu th nghim phi |c l|u trong h s thit b v l|u gi ti ni ch to tnht 5 nm.

7.5. Th thu lc7.5.1. Vic th thu lc p sut th cc bnh (bao gm c b, thng v chai cha kh)

sau khi ch to xong l bt buc.7.5.2. Cc bnh, b, thng v chai c lng lp bo v hay c cc cht xp v dungmiho tan bn trong th phi th thu lc tr|c khi tin hnh cc cng vic .

7.5.3. Kt qu th thu lc phi |c lp thnh bin bn v phi |c coi l ti liu kthut bt buc nh| quy nh 4.2.

8. Trang b o kim v an ton8.1. Yu cu chung8.1.1. Cc bnh thuc phm vi tiu chun ny (tr cc chai) phi c cc trang b o kim

v an ton sau y:- o p sut;- Cc c cu an ton;

8.1.2. Cc bnh lm vic c nhit thnh thay i t ngt phi |c trang b dng kim tra tc t nng, t nng ng u v gin n ca thnh bnTrong l lch bnh phi ghi r tc t nng v lm ngui cho php.

8.1.3. mi bnh phi quy nh kh nng np v tho mi cht trong bnh. Khi trongbnh c th tch n|c ng|ng, du phi trang b thit b x.

8.1.4. Ni hi un bng in phi trang b bm cp n|c v dng c x cn. Cho phpthay bm cp n|c bng ng dn n|c c p sut cao hn p sut ni hi, nh|ngkhng qu 1,25 ln p sut lm vic ca ni hi. Cng sut ca bm cp n|c tnht phi bng 120% cng sut ca ni hi.

8.1.5. Cc b v thng phi c cc trang b o kim v an ton sau:a. Van c ng xi phng tho v np mi cht.b. Van thot kh t phn trn ca b v thng.c. Van an ton.d. p k.e. Thit b ch mc cht lng.Cc trang b ny phi lp trn np ca hoc v tr thun tin thao tc.

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8.1.6. Cc b v thng chia amonic lng c kh nng bc hi vi p sut n 4 kG/cm2 cn phi c:a. van c ng xi phng tho v np mi cht;b. p k;c. Hai van an ton;d. Van vi c ng xi phng ly mu;e. Van vi kim tra mc cht lng;

8.2. p k 8.2.1. Mi bnh phi c t nht mt p k ph hp vi loi mi cht cha trong bnh. p

k c th lp trn ng ni ca thn hnh, trn |ng ng dn tr|c van kha hoclp trn bng iu khin.Khi p sut thit k ca bnh bng hoc ln hn p sut ca ngun cung cp psut v p sut trong bnh khng th tng do phn ng ho hc hoc do nhit thkhng bt buc phi lp p k trn bnh khi ngun cung cp c p k.

8.2.2. Cp chnh xc ca p k t trn bnh phi khng thp hn 2,5. Cc bnh chhyr c nhit trn 2000C cho php lp p k hyr cp chnh xc 4.8.2.3. Mt p k phi k vch s ch p sut lm vic ca bnh. Thang o ca p

phi chn s ch p sut lm vic nm vo khong t l/3 n 2/3 thang o.8.2.4. p k phi t thng ng hoc nghing v pha tr|c 300C v phi |c bo v

khi b nh h|ng ca nhit hoc bng gi.|ng knh p k phi khng d|i l60mm khi khong cch quan st t 2 n 5m. p k phi c van 3 ng, c ng xi phng hoc b phn gim xung khc bo vp k.

8.2.5. Cc bnh c p sut trn 25 kG/cm2 hoc nhit mi cht cao hn 2500C, cngnh| cc bnh c mi cht c, n, cho php ng ni vi p k c van kha lpp k th hai thay cho van ba ng.Cc bnh di ng khng bt buc phi lp van ba ng.

8.2.6. p k ca bnh phi |c kim nh v nim ch mi nm mt ln v sau mi lsa cha ti cc c s |c php kim nh.

8.2.7. Cm s dng p k trong nhng tr|ng hp sau:a. Khng c nim ch v du hiu ca n v kim nh, khng ghi r ngy kitra ln ca.b. Qu hn kim nh.

c. Kim khng tr v cht ta khi ngt hi, hoc khi khng c cht ta th kim lcqu 0 ca thang o mt tr s qu na sai s cho php ca p k .d. Knh v hoc nhng h| hng khc c th lm nh h|ng n s lm vic chnxc ca p k.

8.3. Van an ton8.3.1. Ng|i thit k phi tnh ton s l|ng, kch th|c v kh nng thot kh ca van an

ton t trn cc bnh sao cho p sut trong bnh khng |c v|t qu p sut lmvic cho php nh| sau:a. 0,5kg/cm2 - khi p sut lm vic cho php n 3 kG/cm2.

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b. l5% p - khi p sut lm vic cho php trn 3 kG/cm2 n 60 kg/cm2 c.10% p - khi p sut lm vic cho php cao hn 60 kg/cm2.

8.3.2. Khng |c php t van an ton kiu n by trn cc bnh di ng.8.3.3. Khi p sut lm vic cho php ca bnh bng hay ln hn p sut ca ngun cp p

lc v trong bnh khng c kh nng tng p do phn nh ho hc v bt k p lcv trong bnh khng c kh nng tng p do phn ng ho hc v bt k nguynnhn no khc th khng bt buc phi t van an ton trn bnh khi ngun cuncp p lc c van an ton ri.

8.3.4. Kt cu ca van an ton kiu l xo phi m bo:a. Trnh xit qu cng l xo.b. Bo v l xo khi b t nng v chu tc dng trc tip ca mi cht.c. Kim tra |c tnh trng k thut ca van.Nu do tnh cht ca mi cht (c, n) hoc do yu cu ca qui trnh cng ngvan |c php kt cu khng c b phn m xa. Tr|ng hp ny phi nh k kimtra theo quy nh trong qui trnh cng ngh.

8.3.5. Van an ton phi t trn ng ni trc tip vi bnh hoc trn ng nhnh thun ticho vic kim tra.Nu nhiu van an ton cng t trn mt ng nhnh th din tch mt ct ngca ng nhnh phi khng nh hn l,25 ln tng din tch cc van t trong nnhnh .Khng |c php trch, tho mi cht trn ng nhnh t van an ton.

8.3.6. Khng |c php t van kho gia bnh v van an ton.Cho php t van chuyn h|ng gia bnh v van an ton vi iu kin l bv tr no ca van chuyn h|ng cng phi thng vi mt hoc hai van an ton.Tr|ng hp ny mi van an ton phi c kh nng thot theo nh| quy nhtrong tiu chun ny.

8.3.7. Van an ton ca b v thng dng cha kh ho lng phi sn mu theo quy nhca kh . Cc van ca b cha kh chy phi sn mu nu sm, cn kh khchy th sn mu en.Van phi thng vi phn cha kh ca b v thng.Kh nng thot kh ca van an ton t, trn b v thng cha oxi, nit lng v cccht lng gy lnh khc |c xc nh cn c tng s kh nng bay hi tnh tonca cht lng v sn l|ng cao nht ca thit b to nn p sut trong b khtho sch mi cht bn trong.

8.4. Mng bo him8.4.1. Tr|ng hp do c im ca sn xut hoc do tnh cht ca mi cht, cc van

ton khng th hot ng tt khi t trc tip th phi trang b thm mt mng bhim, mng ny cn phi tnh ton sao cho khi b x th p sut trong bnh khth tng qu 25% p sut lm vic ca bnhMng bo him c th t c lp hoc t tr|c van an ton vi iu kin phthit b m bo kim tra |c tnh trng k thut ca mng khi bnh lm vic.

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8.4.2. Tt c cc mng bo him phi c nhn hiu ca ng|i ch to, trong ghi psut x mng v cc k hiu ring. Cho php dng sn ghi cc k hiu ni trn thacho tm nhn hiu.

8.5. Mt s trang b an ton khc8.5.1. Cc bnh c p sut lm vic cho php thp hn p sut ca ngun th phi t t

|ng ng dn t ngun n bnh mt van gim p t ng c km mt p k vmt van an ton t pha sau van gim p.8.5.2. Khi t mt nhm bnh lm vic cng mt p sut th c th lp mt van gim

cho c nhm c km mt p k v mt van an ton trn |ng ng chnh tr|c ngr nhnh u tin.

8.5.3. Cho php thay van gim p ni iu 7.5.l. bng van iu chnh bng tay c kmt van an ton v mt p k pha p sut thp trong tr|ng hp do tnh cht cami cht lm cho van gim p t ng khng th hot ng tt |c.

8.5.4. Mi cht thot ra t van an ton phi dn n v tr an ton.Cc ng thot t van an ton phi trang b b phn x n|c ng|ng

8.5.5. Mi bnh phi c van t ng x ht p sut trong bnh tr|c khi m np bnh.L thot ca van ny phi h|ng vo v tr an ton. Cm m np bnh khi trongbnh vn cn p sut.

8.5.6. Cc bnh c trang b cc van tho x nhanh cn c b phn bo him (lin ng) trnh kh nng to p sut trong bnh k ng np khng hon ton v khi mvn cn p sut trong bnh.

8.5.7. Cc b v thng chia kh c phi c mt van tho nhanh pha trn c ng xphng trnh kh thot ra ngoi.

8.5.8. Trn mi thng (tr thng cha clo v pht en) cn t van np v tho mi cht y. Khi t van trn y lm th van phi c m y, cn khi t van trn

li th ngoi m y ra cn phi t vng kp.Cc thng cha clo v pht en phi trang b ng xi phng trn van np v thomi cht.

8.5.9. Cc van phi c u ni vn cht vo ng ni. Cc thng cha kh chy, ng nica van phi c ren tri.

8.6. H thng van kha8.6.1. Cn phi t van kho trn cc |ng ng dn mi cht vo v ra khi bnh, Kh

ni lin tip mt nhm bnh vi nhau cho php khng t van kho gia cc bnh8.6.2. Van kho phi c nhn hiu. Trn van phi c k hiu chiu ng m trn tay quay

v chiu chuyn ng ca mi cht trn thn van.

Nhn hiu ca van phi ghia. |ng knh trong quy |c, mm.b. p sut quy |c, kG/cm2.

8.6.3. Bt buc phi lp van mt chiu t ng ng bng p sut ca bnh trn |ndn mi cht t bm hoc my nn kh n cc bnh cha mi cht c, chyhoc mi cht b bc hi do nhit t nng.Van mt chiu phi lp gia bm hoc my nn kh vi van kha ca bnh.

8.7. Trang b o mc cht lng.

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8.7.1. Cc bnh do t nng lm mc cht lng thay i cn phi trang b t nht mt thu o mc cht lng.Cc bnh chia kh ho lng cng phi trang b mt ng thu hoc thit b o mcht lng khc kim tra mc np ti a cho php.

8.7.2. ng thu phi c vch du ch mc cht lng thp nht v cao nht cho php vphi c kt cu m bo d thng ra, thay th v ch r lin tc mc cht lngtrong bnh.Cc ng dn ra ng thu phi thng trnh to sai lch mc cht lng.