32 20 2013/14 , 2 1. , 1800-19001.1. (emancipation) 1848 . - . , . 1849, . ( Aymard, 2003, ., . 228) , , , 1848 (Jacob Katz, 1980, . 105-202) , , Heinrich Heine,Johann Jacoby,Gabriel RiesserBerr, Isaac Berr Lionel Nathan Rothschild . , , , 19 . , , . (, 91, .-. 2005, . 39-42) 1848, ( 13), . , . . , (1812), Wrttemberg (1828), (1842), . (Jacob Katz, 1980, . 210-220) . 3 1869, 1871. , , .

1.2. : 1873, , 1873, , , , , . (Shulamit Volkov, 1978, . 32-60) (1870-71) , , . 1873. , , . 19 20 , , ( , ) , . : 1. . ( , , , ( 1838), 1848, , ) (, 1999, . 255, Hobsbawm E., 1979, . 5-17, 64-124)2. (1799 . : 1830-1840 , , ). (, 1999, . 255, Hobsbawm E., 1979, . 5-17, 64-124) , 1848. (, 1999, . 250), 19 , , , . - - , , , , , . 19 , . (, 199, . 275-280) , 1881 - , . , . , ( ), , . ( 10 . ) , . (, 199, . 275-280, Gildea R., 1996, . 345-356) , , . , ( ) . 1890 . . , , , . Bernard Lazare, , Dreyfous, , , , . (, 199, . 275-280, Gildea R., 1996, . 345-356)

1.3. . 1879, (Wilhelm Marr, 1819-1904) , , , 18 19 . , , , , . Marr , . , 1848-1849 , , . Der Sieg des Judenthums ber das nicht von Germanenthum confessionellen Standpunkt" (" Germandom: - ") 12 1879. Marr , . - . Marr , , . : 1870-1880, . 1870-1880 (, 2011, . 13): , . , (Eugen Dhring, 1833-1921) ( ) (, , , ).

1.4. (1806-1871) - ( 80) . 1806-1808 . , . , 38 . . (Katz, 1980, . 74-75) 11 1848, , , . - 1866, . , (1864) (1866), , - (1870/71). . 1871 , ( ) ' , " " (Deutscher Kaiser), " ", . O . (Reichskanzler) , , . , (Danzig) , - 1871.

: 1871-1918 (Kaiserreich)1871-1890 1890-1918 '' 1918-1933 1933-1945 '

, 1871. .

, . , . , . . (Katz, 1980, . 76-77) Friedrich Rhs , On the claims of the Jews to Civil Rights in Germany (1816), -, . (Katz, 1980, . 76-91) Marr .

2. - , : , , . : 1) ( ), 2) , 3) 4) 5) 6) .

. , . (, 2011, . 31-34)

1.1. 1.1.1. - 12 15 . 18 19 . , , . 1889: (Henri Desportes), , , : , , . (, 2011, . 35-39) , 1890, , . . , : . 1890: , , . (Pierrard Pierre, 1998, . 30) , 1840, Tomasso . , , , ( 1831 ), . (Yakub Kamil al-Dajani et Lina Yakub al-Dajani,2001, . 88-89) 1840 , , . . . . . . . . 19 . . ( , 1992, . 196-203) , 1891 , . , , , . (, 2005, . 33-38) 19 , , .

1.1.2. 1.1.2.1. : 1890, Dreyfus, . , , , . , , . , , ( 1 ), , . . (Baquiast Paul, 2002) , 1890 , 1870. , , . , , .( Baquiast Paul, 2002) ( ), , , . . . ... , , Maximilian Von Schwartzkoppen. - (1870-1871), Mnster . , Maximilian Von Schwartzkoppen , Bastian, . , 1892 , . Von Schwartzkoppen D; , . . , Alfred Dreyfus . , , . , , . Dreyfus, . Dreyfus . Dreyfus . Von Schwartzkoppen Dreyfus , Dreyfus. , . Cherche-Midi Dreyfus . , - , , , . . Bertillon , , Dreyfus . Dreyfus. , . Henry , . , . Dreyfus , , . 1848 , , , , . , 3 3 , , Dreyfus , . , .To 1896, , Ferdinand Walsin Esterhazy , . , Dreyfus. Esterhazy , . , . Alfred Dreyfus, , . Dreyfus 1906. 12 Alfred Dreyfus, , . 1898 Emile Zola , L' Aurore. , . (Pierrard Pierre, 1998)

Enzo Traverso: , , 19 20 , . , , . , , , . , , , . , Zivilisation civilisation, . Zivilisation . , . (: http://ektosgrammis.gr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1834%3A2013-02-05-20-29-59&catid=104%3Atheory&Itemid=515)

*Baquiast Paul,La Troisime Rpublique, 1870-1940, d. L' Harmattan, Paris, 2002.* Berindei Dan, , Aymard (.), . , , , 2003, . 220-231.* , , : 1999.* Duclert Vincent,La Rpublique imagine: 1870 - 1914, Berlin, 2010.* , , , 1992. * Gildea Robert, Barricades and borders. Europe 1800-1914, Oxford University Press, 1987.* Katz Jacob, From prejudice to destruction. Anti-Semitism, 1700-1933, Harvard University Press, 1980.* , . , , , : 2005

* , , , 91, ( 2005), 41. * Pierrard Pierre, 1998, Les Chrtiens et laffaire Dreyfous, Les Editions de latelier, , 1998.* -, ; , 2011.* Volkov Shulamit, The rise and popular Antimodernism in Germany. The urban master artisans 1873-1896, Princeton University Press, , 1978* Yakub Kamil al-Dajani et Lina Yakub al-Dajani,The cry of the innocent, Dar al-Fikr lil-Tiba'ah Wal-Nashr Wal-Tawzi', 2001.