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EOARDLasers and Electro-Optics Program16 March 2011
A. GAVRIELIDESProgram ManagerAFOSR/EOARD
Air Force Office of Scientific Research
AFOSR
Distribution A: Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. 88ABW-2011-0759
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2011 AFOSR Spring ReviewPortfolio Overview
DESCRIPTION OF PORTFOLIO:Provides international support to AFRL Technical Directorates in basic and
developmental research on Lasers and Coherent Sources , Optics , BeamControl , Optical Materials , Detectors , Photonics, and RF .
SUB-AREAS IN PORTFOLIO :
Fiber-Nonlinear Optics THz propagation and detectionNonlinear Optics Met materialsNonlinear Optical Material Ceramics and Laser MaterialsFibers LasersPropagation Effects RF
NAME: Dr. Tom Gavrielides
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Scientific Challenges
Challenging and Exciting Opportunities: Met materials in visible and THz radiation THz Radiation-generation, detection-QCLs
Fiber lasers components and devices Nonlinear frequency generation at Mid-IR and
visible
New Laser Concepts, Optofluidic lasers, alkali-metal lasers, THz room temperature QCLs Nonlinear coupled periodic structures
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Current Research Portfolio
Optics
Lasers and MasersOptical Detectors
United Kingdom
BelgiumLasers and Masers
SpainSemiconductorNonlinear Optics
UkraineAtomic & Molecular Physics
RussiaOptics
Optical MaterialLasers
Czech Republic
Physical Chemistry
Estonia
Solid State Physics
Denmark
Optics
GermanyLasers and Masers
NetherlandsPhotonic crystals
ItalyOptics
FinlandLasers and Masers
PolandOptics
GreeceOptics
France
Semiconductors
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HANSCOM
WRIGHT-PATT
EGLIN
SENSORS
MATERIALS & MFG
MUNITIONS
DIRECTED ENERGY
AFOSR
Sensors
Principal Collaborators
Dave Bliss, RYHX
Gernot Pomrenke, NEHowe Schlossberg, NEArje Nachman, NE
Ken Schaller, RYJP
Vassilios Kovanis RYDPJed Hurry RYHC
Nils Ferneries, RXPSODean Evans, RXPJE
Tim Madden RDLC
Leanne Henry, RDLORick Birdie, RDTPeter Latham RDLSMark Gruneisen, RDBS
John Gonglewski, RDBS
Donald Snyder, RDGGRic Wehling, RDG
KIRTLAND
Jim Grote, RXPSTom Cooper RXPJE
Jon Sjogren, NM
Gerry More, RDLS etc
James Butler, NRLMarshall Saylors, NSA
Other
Space Vehicles
Dave Cardimona RVSSPaul Alsing RVS
Charles Lee, NA
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Other Organizations That Fund orCo-Fund Work
Fibers RD and JTO Met materials RY and JTO Photorefractive and Liquid Crystals RX Ceramics RD Femtosecond propagation JTO, AFOSR Semiconductor QCLs QDs RY RF and Nonlinear optics AFOSR Biophotonics RW THz and fiber Communications NSA
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Guiding of Long-Distance ElectricDischarges
Triggering and guiding long-distance HV electricdischarges in air Use of UV short-pulse train or combination of shortand long pulses. The short pulse produces long-distance partiallyionized tracks in a gas due to multi-photon ionization
Primary photoelectrons are attached quickly (for ~10ns) to molecular oxygen, Long UV pulse with relatively low intensity detachelectrons and keep the electron density for a dischargetriggering.Ti:Sapphire front-end facility 10 Hz, 0.1-1 ps
Berdysh: E-beam Pumped KrF preamplifier 100 ns , 25 JGARPUN: E-beam Pumped KrF, amplifier 100 ns, 100J
Short pulse amplification in preamplifier Short pulse amplification in master amplifier
PI: A. Ionin
Lebedev Physics Institute AFRL/DELO, JTO
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Guiding of Long-Distance ElectricDischarges
Single short pulse
Train of pulses withoutamplification
Train of pulsesamplification
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OPTOFLUIDS
Optical filter based onoptifluid micro-ring resonator
The all-optical switch based on optofluidic beam manipulation
Optofluid memory system based on nanowells and QD
Adaptive photonic devices
Compact and wavelength-tunable light sources,
Biosensors-Chemical weapon sensor
Switches and Memorydevices
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TUNABLE MICROFLUIDICMICROLASERS
PI: Prof. Francesco SimoniUniversita Politecnica delle Marche
SEM of a SU-8 (epoxy based photoresist or liquid crystal) grating. Grating pitch is 1.8 m. High resolution gratings with pitch 180 nm recorded .
Optofluidic cell made by a PDMS channelstructure crossing the SU-8 grating
Silicon tubes used as fluid inlet and outlet
A poly (dimethylsiloxane ) (PDMS) matrix in which the microfluid channel isimpressed by soft nano-lithography .
Small holes are drilled with needles into the PDMS to form the in and outlets. The PMDS seals itself to other flat surfaces and grating by conformal contact(Van de Waals forces).
AFRL/DE, RY
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TUNABLE MICROFLUIDICMICROLASERS
Device A: Grating is recorded between the ends of a
multi-mode optical fiber 105/125 m; NA=0.22 )
Device B: 50-100 m Grating is recorded on Mylar and PMDS
channel is formed.
A
B
Pumped by second harmonic of Nd Laser emission with Rhodamine 6G.
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CERAMICS
Larger and more uniform optical properties Large pieces for slab or thin disk high power lasers Faster Fabrication Larger doping concentrations Fracture strength and fracture higher than crystals Shaped gain regions for mode guiding
Nanopowder Green ceramic optical ceramic
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Search and Characterization ofOptical Ceramics and Crystals forDiode-Pumped Laser Oscillators
PI: Prof. T. BasievProkhorov General Physics Institute AFRL/RDLO
Material for direct lasing in the mid-IR requires short phonon spectra
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Search and Characterization ofOptical Ceramics and Crystals forDiode-Pumped Laser Oscillators
Ceramics
CaF 2-SrF 2-YbF 3 ceramics
Low quantum defect: Efficient Oscillation at 1.025 microns with pumping at 967 micronsLarge pieces for slab or thin disk high power lasers
Microstructure of a ceramic CaF 2-SrF 2-YbF 3 sample
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Nonlinear Met materials
Applications Cloaking-Index shaped surface Imaging-Resolution Luneburg lens-180 o field of view Mid-IR-Masking, shielding
Novel propagation effects Micro antenna-communications
Split Ring Resonators: Negative magnetic permeability above resonance W
Metallic Wires: Negative permittivity below plasma W
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Three Dimensional Optical Metmaterials via Direct Lasing Writing
3D lithography-two or multiphoton Chromophores with large 2PA Negative, positive tone polymers
Inorganic-organic hybrid materials Metal nanocomposites
Photonic crystals Mechanical devices with movable parts Microchannels for optofluidic devices Biocompatible templates Met materials
1. Design 3D metamaterials foroptical wavelengths.
2. Optimize hybrid metal-binding
3. Fabricate metamaterialstructures using 2PA 4. Characterize the metallated 3D
structures.
PI: M. Farsari
University of Crete, GreeceAFRL/RY
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Nonlinear Plasmonics and TerahertzEmission
Linear case:
Discrete Dynamic Dispersion of the linear ,magneto-inductive waves:
Bandpass propagation
Profiles for five frequencies, insideand outside the magneto-inductivewave band.
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Nonlinear Plasmonics and TerahertzEmission
Energy Transfer as a function of ng=0.001g=0.01
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Far-Field Super-Resolution Mapping ofSurface Plasmons and nano-antennas
PI: Stefan Maier, Imperial College, UK .AFRL/AFOSR, RY, RX
A technique was develop for the imaging of nanoscale surfaceplasmon modes with super-resolution.
Nano-antenna coated with dye enhanced fluorescence
Imaging local field of antennas
The methodology underpins plasmonics and metamaterialsresearch, areas of key importance in a security-related context(e.g. nanoscale optical sensors, metamaterials for cloaking).
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Far-Field Super-Resolution Mappingof Plasmons
Au micro antennas generated byelectron beam lithography
SEM Image
Optical dark-field scattering images of nanoantenna arrays with a gap of 50 nm.
Elongation of the length of each arm from 50 nm , 75 nm and 100nm Tuning of the dipole antenna resonance from the green to the red part of the spectrum.
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Summary
European fiber laser researchers world leaders in many technical areas FSU researchers leaders in optical materials Extensive programs in metamaterials EOARD has expanded research significantly:
Optifluid lasers, metamaterials and nonlinear optics Support of high power lasers
Research in fibers, laser materials and new laser concepts
Still more sources to explore: Fiber Nonlinear optics Metamaterials-Periodic optical structures New Laser concepts
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Contact Information
Dr. Tom Gavrielides
EOARDUnit 4515APO, AE 09421-0014
DSN: 314-235-6205
COMM: +44 189-561-6205
E-mail: [email protected]