Guanxi psychological contract

Guanxi psychological contract1 1960 Argyris 1960 psychological work contract Argyris 1960 foreman . Guanxi1992 Jacobs, 1979 19482000Janssens, Sels & Brande, 2003 Herriot 2001 2 Rousseau 1995 2001 1.2.3.4.3 Guanxi 2000social tieinterpersonal connections Xin & Pearce, 19961982 1999 19971998 social capitalsocial exchange Butterfield, 1983 Pye, 19821988 objective guanxi subjective guanxi1996Guanxi base. 4 Jacob, 1979 1992 Farth, Earley, & Lin, 1997; Farth, Tsui, Xin, & Cheng, 1998; Ho, 1998; Jacob, 1979; Yang, 1994; Tsui & Farh, 1997; Tsui, Farh, & Xin, 2000 20071999 ...1997 2000 Farh et al., 1998 identityDunfee & Warren, 200119951996 Kiong & Kee, 19981999 1988 5 19891999 non-job related Chan, 1995; Chang and Holt, 1991; Yan, 1996; Yang, 199419881993 Foa & Foa, 1976 1989 1999198119881996 1988Tedeschi & Riess, 1981 1988 6 19932008 Park & Luo, 2001Standifird & Marshall, 2000 1993 Chan, 1995; Chang & Holt, 1991; Chen & Peng, 2008; Yan, 1996; Yang, 1994 Park & Luo, 20012002 Schein 1980mutualityDavis and Newstrom 1989 Rousseau 1989 beliefRousseauperception 7 Levinson, Price, Munder, Mandl and Solley 1962 Morrison 1994 Levinsonpredictability interdependencepsychological distancechangeablecrisis managementRousseau 19951 2342004 12promise Rousseau & Parks, 19933 individual perception Rousseau & Tijoriwala, 19981 2 1999 3456 Robinson, Kraatz, & Rousseau, 1994 MacNeil 1985 transactional contractrelational contractRousseau and Parks1993 8 organiztion-specific skillsmutual adjustment2002Rousseau 1995Rousseau and Wade-Benzoni 1994 Rousseau 1995 Tsui, Pearce, Porter, and Tripoli 1997Hui, Lee, and Rousseau 2004 Hui, Lee, & Rousseau, 2004; Rousseau, 1995 Rousseau 2000hybrid contract transitional contract( ) 9 2004MacNeil 1985 Rousseau 1995Rousseau 1995Tsui et al. 1997Rousseau, 2000social networkinformal networkssocial identityattitudes perceptions behaviors Ho & Levesque, 2005; Rice & Aydin, 1991 Burt, 1992; Ibarra, 1995; Podolny & Baron, 1997 Van Dyne and Ang 1998 Ho, Rousseau, and Levesque 2006 Mitchell, 1969emic perspective Yeung & Tung, 10 1996 place securitytrustprescribed role Hammond & Glenn, 2004 19881993 Yan, 1996 Chan, Cheng, & Szeto, 2002; Yang, 1994employment relationship Coyle-Shapiro & Conway 2005Blau, 1964 MacNeil 1985 Blau 1964 Robinson, Kraatz, & Rousseau, 1994 Millward, 1998 11 Chen & Peng, 200819941989 1990 19911988198519992002Chan, 1995; Chang & Holt, 1991; Chen & Peng, 2008; Yan, 1996; Yang, 1994Park & Luo, 20022002 MacNeil, 1985; Rousseau, 1995; Rousseau & Parks, 19932004Robinson & Morrison, 1995; Rousseau, 1995Hui, Lee, & Rousseau, 2004; Rousseau, 1995; Rousseau & Wade-Benzoni, 1994; Tsui, Pearce, Porter, & Tripoli, 1997 Rousseau, 2000 1988 12 3-1 3-1 1-11-2 1 [ ] 1 13 2007 20081 23 1233-13-119881999 2007 3 53 33 36 20Likert123453-214 3-21.2.3.4.5.( )6.7.8.9.10.11. 12.13.14. 15.16. 17.18.19.20.Rousseau1989 belief200415 11 11 11 212154 15 Likert 123456 3-33-31.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.105 959287.6%1.16 7 8 14 18 3-43-4 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20. 2. 6 7 11 3-517 3-51.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15. 9710 797 11 22 670 48271.9% 44 438 65.3 3-618 3-6% 670 100.0 18828.1 48271.9 43890.9 449.1 65.3%3-7 24656.16% 19243.84% 26 34 279 63.7 2587 19.8635 7216.44264 60.27138 31.5136 8.22216 49.32 18943.15 33 7.53 73419 41.16 4114132.1913 126 28.77 3575 17.125 9621.91 79.43 43 141 32.1937 147 33.56 7 119621.92 1154 12.323-7N=438%192 43.84246 56.16 25 8719.8630.25 26 3427963.7 35 7216.4436 8.22264 60.27138 31.51189 43.1533 7.53216 49.32 1141 32.19 13 126 28.77 41.16 35 7517.12 59621.91 3141 32.19 37 147 33.56 79.43 7 11 9621.92 11 5412.3220 3-2 3-2 1-1 1-1a 1-1b1-2 1-2a 21 4-1 4.23 0.474.050.42 3.95 0.523.72 0.523.70 0.5634-14.03 0.91 3.971.06 3.66 1.093.54-1 P 0.05 P0.01 22 4-1N 4383.95 0.52 0.118* 0.186** -0.081 0.278** 0.142** 0.247**0.259** 4.05 0.420.305** 0.183** 0.370** 0.139** 0.109*0.170** 3.70 0.56 0.210** 0.275** 0.099* 0.193** 0.054 3.72 0.52 0.189** 0.145** 0.0170.054 4.23 0.47 -0.0540.050 -0.023 4.03 0.91 0.641** 0.601** 3.97 1.06 0.520** 3.66 1.09 *P0.05 ** P0.01 2 [ ]4-2 P 0.05 4-2 N 438t 0.569 3.97 0.5873.940.4781.269 4.09 0.4234.040.4272.119* 3.77 0.5313.650.590 -1.424 3.68 0.5603.750.502 -1.535 4.20 0.4974.270.459 -0.306 4.02 0.8834.050.937 4.04 0.9933.931.1121.124 3.69 1.1063.641.0860.485* P 0.05 2 23 25 26 34 354-3 ANOVAP30.05 P0.01Scheffe`s method[ ]4-3 N 438FScheffe 25 a 26 34 b35c3.983.98 3.83 2.411 0.530.52 0.53 4.154.07 3.96 * 3.191 0.390.42 0.42 3.963.71 3.53 **a bacbc 9.000 0.510.58 0.44 3.773.77 3.49 **a c bc 9.375 0.260.52 0.59 4.124.26 4.22 1.744 0.510.46 0.50 4.13 4.09 3.76 **bc 4.4400.78 0.85 1.134.08 4.08 3.50 9.982** ac bc0.82 1.01 1.273.70 3.72 3.40 2.6821.19 0.99 1.35 *P 0.05 ** P 0.01 324 4-4 4-4N 438 FScheffeab c3.643.954.03** abac8.0400.570.500.533.864.074.09* abac4.3800.520.400.423.313.773.67** abac11.3190.630.520.583.603.743.721.0300.630.480.574.284.224.270.6830.560.470.453.614.014.20** ac6.2811.060.940.753.253.984.16** abac 10.9601.381.050.893.523.623.781.3411.571.100.89 * P 0.05 **P 0.014-5 25 P 0.014-5 N 438 F Scheffe ab c3.92 3.614.03abbc10.331**0.55 0.510.484.07 4.124.040.5810.45 0.260.423.72 3.883.662.3770.59 0.560.543.67 4.023.72abbc6.392**0.59 0.360.474.31 4.034.21ab5.640**0.54 0.460.403.89 4.634.06abbc9.772**0.98 0.860.814.02 3.913.950.3051.20 1.000.933.48 4.003.77abac5.553**1.26 0.740.94* P 0.05**P 0.01 1 133554-626 134-6N 438F Scheffe1a13 b35 c 5d4.023.863.99 3.95 2.2910.560.550.44 0.484.114.134.01 3.93a d 5.362**0.390.430.38 0.46b d3.723.753.80 3.53b d 4.052**0.570.620.52 0.45c d3.703.883.65 3.60b c 5.904**0.450.500.61 0.55b d4.264.274.25 4.15 1.5380.460.490.51 0.424.064.034.14 3.91 0.9080.850.990.84 0.924.043.884.05 3.95 0.6751.181.170.96 0.733.563.633.70 3.82 1.1131.201.171.03 0.82 * P 0.05 **P 0.013377 11 114-7 P0.05 P 0.01 1127 4-7N 4383.92 3.99 3.983.870.56 0.49 0.500.574.15 4.05 3.974.020.43 0.39 0.430.443.77 3.75 3.703.410.55 0.53 0.600.543.74 3.75 3.833.400.43 0.55 0.450.684.22 4.22 4.254.310.47 0.49 0.440.504.14 4.10 4.013.610.86 0.78 0.931.184.14 3.96 4.073.431.12 0.86 1.001.303.60 3.78 3.653.541.19 0.81 1.151.36 *P 0.05 ** P 0.01 mutiple regression4-14-8F5.559 P0.001 28 P 0.05 R2 Adjusted R2R20.037 3.7%3.7%F 13.405P 0.001 R20.085 8.5% 8.5%4-80.121*0.216***0.112*0.0410.140**0.0435.559*** 13.405***FR20.037 0.085Adjusted R2 0.030 0.078*P 0.05 ** P 0.01 ***P 0.0014-9 VIFF 0.409 29 4-90.038-0.030 F 0.409 R20.002 Adjusted R2-0.003 *P 0.05 ** P0.01 ***P 0.0014-104-101-1a1-1b1-2a30 Guanxi20072008 31 1.20032.20043.2000 4.1988 239-288 5.1993: 6.1999307-10 7.2006- 3 25-48 8. 1989 95-112 9.1994 10.1989213-239 11. 2000 SPSS 12.2000 13. 1997 14. 200523 201-257 15.200216.200218 175-226 17. 200318. 20072119.2007Guanxi 26 1 47-70 20. 2002 21. 1980 22. 198123. 199212143-157 24. 2008-25. 194957-84 32 26. 1999 12 261-288 27. 19977282-338 28. 19885 155-238 29. 19902847-64 30. 1994 31.199132219-232 32. 200533. 200110 4101-128 34. 2004 112 1-32 35. 200036.1982 345-36037. 2000 38. 1999 12 291-312 39.2001 181-198 40. 1948 41. 1988 7-43 42. 2000181-208 43. 2002 44. 2002 21 4 101-127 45. 2006Guanxi46. 1997 47. 1998 48. 199912105-179 49. 2001 50. 200013 277-316 51. 200552. 199353. 2002229-255 54. 199655. 199333 1992 56.199857.2007 58.1996 59.200060. 199739 1 75-92 61.19954 2-41 62. 2001 43 2 207 63.200564.200065.2003 1. 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Faultless OEMODM9 2-52001 911022-51999 2000 200120022003/92.9193.94 93.29 92.7692.97%/75.2278.23 77.91 77.5464.99%2-6 2000 2005EPS 48 2-6 EPS 2000 1561 2480 558 22.49%267 10.76% 1571.0 2001 1622 2747 642 23.36%366 13.31% 5353.29 2002 1701 2549 565 22.16%291 11.42% 3021.78 2003 1753 3042 650 21.38%359 11.81% 4252.42 2004 1874 4367 792 21.38%464 10.63% 5112.86 2005 1920 4602 611 13.28%226 4.91%1311 6.83 49 , DIY50 OEM ODM3-1 : 3-1 , , ,51 :1. Schlage Kwikset Weiser Master ,2. Home Depot Wal-Mart ,3. 1. 3-2 3-2 1.1.PRO-E 2. ANSI-G2 2. CAD/CAM 3. One-piece52 3-2 4. 3.5. UL4.6. 5. 7. 6.8. 7.9. 8.10. / /9.11.10. EN1154:1997 ANSI-G1 12. ANSI-G113.14. 2.12 OEM 53 /3 54 SWOT6 Andrews 1980 []S strengthW weaknessO opportunityTthreatAndrews SWOT7 4-1 David 1986 [ ]SWOT 4-1SWOT6 Andrews, K. R. (1980). The Concept of Corporate Strategy. Irwin, Homewood.7 David, F. R. (1986). Fundamentals of Strategic Management. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. 55 4-14-2 4-3 56 1.Home Depot Wal-Mart1. 2. 2.3.3.4.4.5. 6. 57 SW O SW OOT SW TT 1.S-O 2.W-O 3.S-T 58 4.W-TSPACESPACE SPACEThe Strategic Position and Action Evaluation8 Rowe, Mason, Dickel, Mann and Mockler 1994 [ ]SPACE Financial Strength, FSCompetitive Advantage, CAEnvironmental Stability, ESIndustry Strength, IS FSCA ESIS strategy posture SPACE Rowe SPACE 4-5 8 Rowe, Mason, Dickel, Mann and Mockler. (1994). Strategic Management: A Methodological Approach(4th), p.259, Massachusedts: Addison-Wesley Puldishing Co.59 4-5 SPACE FSES 1. (Return on investment)1.(Technological changes) 2. (Leverage)2.(Rate of inflation) 3.(Liquidity)3.(Demand variability) 4./(Capital4.(Price range ofrequired versus capital available)5.(Barriers to entry into 5.(Cash flow)6.(Competitive pressure/rivalry) 6.(Ease of exit from 7.(Price elasticity ofmarket) demand) 7.(Risk involved in business)8.(Pressure from substitute 8. 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Strategic Management A Methodological Approach(4th), p.259, Massachusedts Addison-Wesley Puldishing Co.SPACE SPACE 4-1FSIS +1 +6 ESCA164-6 60 FS CA ES IS (IS+CA,FS+ES)(X,Y)(X,Y) 4-1 SPACE 4-6 SPACE FS IS65 4321 ES CA -1 -2-3 -4 -5 -6 61 SPACE 1 Aggressive posture 2 Competitive posture 3 Conservative posture product competitiveness 4Defensive posture competitiveness Rowe et al. 1994 SPACE Porter62 4-2 SPACE PorterR&DR&DPorter acquisitionsurvival tactics 4-2 SPACE Porter Rowe et al. 1994Miles and9 Snow 1978 [] Miles and Snow9Miles, R. and Snow, C. (1978). Organizational Strategy, Structure, and Process,McGraw-Hill, New York. 63 Rowe et al. 1994 SPACE SPACE4-74-7 SPACEFS IS Know-how64 4-7 SPACE ES CA SPACE SPACE 4-865 4-8SPACEFS 14 4 15 51.5 57.51.5 4 6 FS22.54 5.625 22.5IS 14 4Know-how 13 3 14 4 12 21.5 4 6 IS195 3.8 19 ES1.5 -4 -6 1-2 -2 1-3 -3 1-2 -2 1-3 -3 ES-165 -3.2 -16CA1.5 -2-3 1-2-2 1-3-3 1-2-2 1-2-21.5 -2-31.5 -2-31.5 -1 -1.5 1-4-4 CA -23.59 -2.61 -23.566 4-7 SPACE FSIS ESCA4-8 SPACEXY X CA+IS+1.19 -2.31+3.8 Y ES+FS+2.425-3.2+5.625SPACE4-3 FS5.625(Aggressive) 1.9 2.425 -2.613.8CAIS-3.2 ES4-3 SPACE 67 SWOTSATTY SPACE Miles and SnowPorterOEM ODM68 69 70 71 :Stogdill R.M. and Coons,1957 10Stogdily, R. M. and Coons, A. E. 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