前瞻裝置技術論壇
Philip Chang
Brian Su
Jian-hua Wu
Jacky Yu
Dec. 2016
1
PageAgenda
前瞻裝置無線技術面面觀
5G關鍵技術與測試方案
新興IoT無線技術-LoRa、NB-IoT、Bluetooth 5
802.11ax/802.11ad/802.11ay
LTE-A pro 發展與測試
行動裝置省電技術與測試
封包追蹤放大器
行動裝置耗電驗證
行動裝置高速數位介面及儲存技術
克服MIPI PHY、UniPro、UniPort-M、UFS與(LP)DDR4測試挑戰
前瞻裝置技術論壇 2
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies
What is news in 5G?
5G Wireless – The Next
Generation of Mobile
Communications 3
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© 2015 Keysight Technologies
5G Timing: Drivers
– 2018 and 2020 Olympics will showcase 5G.
– 3GPP: commercialization “Phase 1” (2020) and “Phase 2” (2022+)
• Study Items: New Radio “NR”; mmWave Channel Model; Scenarios & Requirements
• 4G LTE-A and IoT (CatM, NB-IoT) Continue (these are not 5G).
– Major operators actively planning/doing trials; none committing to pre-standards commercialization of 5G
(exception Verizon)
Industry rallying around these cardinal dates
5G Wireless – The Next
Generation of Mobile
Communications 4
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 20212020 2022
2018 Milestones
Feb: Winter Olympics South Korea
Summer: FIFA World Cup, Russia,
2015 Milestones
Sept: 3GPP 5G Workshop
Nov: ITU WRC 15
Dec: 3GPP RAN Plenary
2019 Milestone
Nov (Likely): ITU-WRC 19
2020 Milestone
July/Aug: Summer Olympics Japan
Summer (Likely): 1st 5G Commercial
2022 Milestone
Summer (Earliest): 2nd
5G Commercial
3GPP “Phase 1” 3GPP “Phase 2”R15R14R13
Some claim 5G commercialization here
2017 Milestone
Q4: Verizon to Launch
28Ghz Fixed Wireless
Yo
u A
re H
ere
Rel. 14 Rel. 15 Rel. 16 Rel. 17 & beyond
802.11aj
China mmW
802.11ax
HEW
802.11ay
ET > 45GHz
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© 2015 Keysight Technologies
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What will 5G Do? 5G Key Performance Indicator (KPI) Compared to 3G/4G
Source for Spider Diagram: ITU: 5D/TEMP/390-E
4G3G
5G
100X Energy
Efficiency
Reliability
99.999%
1mS Latency
100X
Densification
1000X
Capacity
100X Data
Rates
All requirements cannot be met by any single radio access technology (RAT)
5
eMBB mMTC
uRLLC
– Peak data rate > 10 Gbps
– Mini data rate > 50 Mbps
– High user mobility
– Access in dense area
– Peak data rate > 10 Gbps
– Minimum data rate > 50 Mbps
– High user mobility
– Broadband access in dense area
– Ultra-high reliability
– Ultra-low latency
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© 2015 Keysight Technologies
5G eMBB Air Interface Key Technologies
65G Key Technologies and
T&M Opportunities
NewWaveform & BroadBand
mmWave
Full Dupliex-
ing
Massive
MIMO
OFDM vs. FBMC
OFDMA
tp
f NOMA
tp
f SCMA
t
f
UFMC
Co-location
High SINR
Low SINR
eMBB
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© 2015 Keysight Technologies
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mmWave: 5G Frequency bands >6GHzFrequency Europe FCC (2016/6) ITU (2015/10) SI Japan Korea
28GHz (25-27GHz) 24.25-27.5
27.5-28.5
27.5-28.35
BW 425MHzX2
24.25-27.5GHz 27.5-28.5
32GHz
37GHz 37.0-38.6
BW 400MHzX4
37-40.5GHz
39GHz 38.6-40.0
BW 200MHzX7
40.5-43.5GHz UK at least FFS 42.5-43.5GHz
45.5-48.9GHz UK at least 45.5-47GHz
47.2-50.2GHz
50.4-52.6GHz
57-66GHz 59.3-71GHz
(extend ISM—
unlicensed)
64-71GHz 66-71GHz 66-76GHz
71-76GHz UK at least
81-86GHz
Examples of Public Activity (Updated Summer 2016)
• FCC Announced rules on mmWave proposals 14 July 2016
• Ericsson will provide 28GHz system for SKT (Korea) and 15GHz system for
CMCC
• AT&T, Verizon, T-Mobile filed for experimental licenses (3.5, 3.7, 15, 28,
37, 39GHz)
• Most large players demonstrating high-rate capabilities from 15-90GHz
Most Likely Uses of Spectrum as of Sept 2016
• Significant investment in EMBB Mobile, Multiple Access <40GHz due to cost and simplicity.
• 28GHz: Korea, Japan, and USA
• 37-39 GHz USA and perhaps more likely for Europe
• 24-27GHz : Europe
• 45GHz: Focus for 802.11aj in China
• 57-86GHz Bands more likely for high-speed point-to-point and extensions of ISM-based WiFi
eMBB
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© 2015 Keysight Technologies
HetNet: 4G macro and 5G macro are used for
wide-area coverage. Pico and Femto of 4G/5G are
used in hotspot.
Coverage: the coverage of 5G is similar to 4G
Coexistence: Inter-site and intra-site deployment
of 5G and 4G can be adopted.
F1 F2
Deployment – Low and High Freq Band
“Headlamp”
“Flashlight”
5G eNB
4G eNB
F1
F2
eMBB
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© 2015 Keysight Technologies
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Today’s 5G Engagements: 30 Total WW
9
Key
Commercial Collaboration
University Collaboration
Consortium Research Project
Regional/Country Consortium
UC San Diego
Multiple
NYU Wireless
mmWave
mmMAGIC
mmWave Air Intfc
Kwangwoon Univ
Multiple
MET5G
5G Metrology
Univ of Bristol
mmWave
Docomo
mmWave Channel
TRIANGLE
5G Applications
Tsing Hua Univ
MIMO & mmWave
5G Forum Korea
Multiple
5G MFJapan
Multiple
Huawei
Shanghai
Full Duplex,
MIMO
Datang Beijing
mmWave Channel
China Mobile
Multiple
FutureForum China
Multiple
SEU Nanjing
MIMO & mmWave
C
U
PR
C
C
C
C
U U
U
U
U
U
P
P R
R
R
26 Total
Commercial: 11
Consortium: 9
College: 10
Reference
Public
Anite
Confidential
Univ of Surrey 5GIC
Multiple
U
METIS
mmWAVE
P
Univ of Oulu CWC
Air Interface/Channel
U
VIRTUOSO
Air Intfc/Channel
P
P
Samsung
Multiple
C
Korea Telecom
Multiple
C
NAR Labs Taipei
Multiple
NTU Taipei
MultipleU
C
NGMN
MultipleP
Verizon
mmWave
C
Huawei Ottawa
<6GHZ PHY/MAC
C
Intel
mmWave
C
Qualcomm
mmWave
C
Wideband, MIMO
Channel Sounding
Sub-6 GHz MIMO
Wideband, MIMO
Channel Sounding
SystemVue Simulation
Software with 5G LibrarySignal Studio with
Custom 5G
89600 VSA Software with
Custom OFDM/Demod
RF/µW/mmWave
Wideband Testbed
Massive MIMO
Tx/Rx
PageAgenda
前瞻裝置無線技術面面觀
5G關鍵技術與測試方案
新興IoT無線技術-LoRa、NB-IoT、Bluetooth 5
802.11ax/802.11ad/802.11ay
LTE-A pro 發展與測試
行動裝置省電技術與測試
封包追蹤放大器
行動裝置耗電驗證
行動裝置高速數位介面及儲存技術
克服MIPI PHY、UniPro、UniPort-M、UFS與(LP)DDR4測試挑戰
前瞻裝置技術論壇 10
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© 2015 Keysight Technologies
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<10cm <5km
Proximity
WPAN
WLAN
WNAN WWANWHAN
NFC
EMV
Bluetooth/LE
ANT+
MiWi
ZigBee
Z-Wave
Thread (6LoWPAN)
EnOcean
Many others
802.11a/b/g/n/ac (WiFi)
802.11ah (WiFi HaLow 1km)
802.11p (V2X)
802.11af (white space)
Wi-SUN (6LoWPAN)
ZigBee NAN (6LoWPAN)
Wireless M-bus
Many othersSIGFOX
LoRa
Telensa
OnRamp/INGENU
Weightless P
Many others
Cellular (licensed)
LPWAN (un-licensed)
<100km
WFAN
Terms not precise
ISA100.11a (6LoWPAN)
WirelessHART
Many others
IoT Radios
11
Blue: > billion units/year now
Red: emerging
WPAN: Wireless Personal Area Network
WHAN: Wireless Home Area
WFAN: Wireless Field (or Factory) Area
WLAN: Wireless Local Area
WNAN: Wireless Neighbourhood Area
WWAN: Wireless Wide Area
LPWAN: Low Power Wide Area Network
LPWAN (licensed)
3GPP NB-IoT3GPP LTE-MTC, eMTC/Cat M, LTE-V
3GPP GSM, WCDMA, EC-GPRS
3GPP2 Cdma2000, WiMAX
© 2016 Keysight Technologies
mMTCuRLLC
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© 2015 Keysight Technologies
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Low Power Wide Area (LPWA)
Keysight in IoT 12
Social housing
monitoring
Street lighting Parking sensor
Soil moisture
Trash collection Pet tracker
Bag trackerEmbedded
asset status
Bike tracker Capital asset Meter
Fire detection
Coverage pools Global coverageRegion coverage
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© 2015 Keysight Technologies
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Cat M and NB-IoT
13
3GPP Release 13 Deployment options
Typical 5MHz LTE5MHz with 25 x 180kHz
LTE 180kHz PRB(Physical Resource Block)
180kHz from 12x15kHz
subcarriers (OFDMA downlink)
Cat M1.4MHz with 6 x 180kHz
Cat M in-band
with LTE
Central control 6PRB
6x 180k=
1.08MHz
25x180k=
4.5MHz
© 2016 Keysight Technologies
NB-IoT LTE guard
band
NB-IoT200kHz from 1 x 180kHz
NB-IoT in-band
with LTE
NB-IoT in 200kHz GSM
spectrum no guard
NB-IoT in 200kHz GSM
spectrum with guard
3GPP
Rel
13
CMCC推動NB-IoT於2017年實現商用化
GTI 2.0 (2016) 2017
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© 2015 Keysight Technologies
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Bluetooth® Standard Evolution
14
1999 2003 2004 2007 2009
Many problems
Difficult making
products
interoperable
Faster connection/
discovery
Use AFH
Up to 721 kbps
Introduction of
EDR
EDR Up to 2.1
Mbps
SSP, EIR
power consumption
optimization
Alternate MAC/PHY
Unicast connectionless data
Enhanced power control
HS up to 24 Mbps
Adoption of
Bluetooth LE
LE up to 260 kbps
Including classic, LE and HS
V1.0
V1.2
V2.0 + EDR
V2.1 + EDR
V3.0 + HS
V4.0
Coexist with 4G
Smart connectivity
Data transfer
improvement
V4.1
20142010 2013
V4.2
Bluetooth® is a registered trademark of Bluetooth SIG, Inc.
2016
V5.0
2Mbps BT LE (deviation
doubles to 370kHz)
For IoT (Support IPv6/6LoWPAN)
High privacy
Data throughput increase (10x
packet capacity increase)
Leverage Wear Device and
Handheld Experience to IoT
Bluetooth 5Capability– 4 x Longer Range
– 2 x Higher Speed
– 800% Broadcasting Capacity
Application– Bluetooth mesh
– Extensible beacons
– Direction & discovery: Indoor Location
Data from: iBeacon
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies
Keysight IoT Wireless Test Solution
N9064A N9081A
N9077A N9080/2A
N7617B
N7606B N7610B
Short Rang Comm.
N7624/5B
E6640A EXM MXG/EXG
PXA/MXA/EXA/CXA
PageAgenda
前瞻裝置無線技術面面觀
5G關鍵技術與測試方案
新興IoT無線技術-LoRa、NB-IoT、Bluetooth 5
802.11ax/802.11ad/802.11ay
LTE-A pro 發展與測試
行動裝置省電技術與測試
封包追蹤放大器
行動裝置耗電驗證
行動裝置高速數位介面及儲存技術
克服MIPI PHY、UniPro、UniPort-M、UFS與(LP)DDR4測試挑戰
前瞻裝置技術論壇 16
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies
Wi-Fi Evolution Path
2002-2006 2007-2011 2012 2013 2014 and beyond
2.4 GHz 802.11n
5 GHz 802.11a 802.11n 802.11ac
60 GHz
802.11aj
802.11ay
802.11af
802.11ah
<1 GHz
802.11a/b/g/j/p
802.11nWidely adopted and large
installed base
802.11ac/axHigher capacity, higher data
rate for mobile, computing and
CE devices
802.11ad/WiGig/ayWireless docking, in-room
wireless display, audio and more
802.11ahHome/building automation,
sensors and more
802.11afTV white space
802.11ajChina (59-64 & 45 GHz)
17
802.11ad
1999…
802.11ax
802.11p802.11pWireless access in vehicular
environment at 5.8/5.9 GHz
802.11ax
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© 2015 Keysight Technologies
Why do we demand for high efficiency Wi-Fi?18
Rock
Star
2016
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© 2015 Keysight Technologies
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IEEE 802.11ax vs. 802.11acHow is it different from 802.11ac?
19
802.11ac 802.11ax
Frequency Band 5 GHz 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz
Bandwidths 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz
Optional: 160 MHz, 80+80 MHz
20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz
Optional: 160 MHz, 80+80 MHz
Modulation Type Up to 256QAM
(Optional 1024QAM)
Up to 1024QAM
FFT Size 64, 128, 256, 512
Sub-carrier space as 312.5 kHz
256, 512, 1024, 2048
Sub-carrier space as 78.125 kHz
OFDM Duration 3.2us + 0.8/0.4 us CP 12.8 us + 0.8/1.6/3.2 us CP
Multi-user
technology
MU-MIMO (DL),
up to 8 spatial streams
OFDMA + MU-MIMO (UL & DL),
up to 8 spatial streams
Data Rate Up to 7 Gbits/s (WAVE 2) Up to 10 Gbit/s
Application Multi-room distribution
(Multi-media home)
Indoor, Outdoor and IoT applications
Key Performance
Indicators (KPI)
Peak rate driver
• Link throughput
• Aggregate throughput
User experience driver
• Average per station throughput
• Area throughput
• Power efficiency
Multi-user with OFDMA and SDMA
KE
YS
IGH
T C
ON
FID
EN
TIA
L
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© 2015 Keysight Technologies
802.11ax Design Challenges
• Up to 1024QAM modulation requires higher SNR
• Smaller sub-carrier spacing needs better phase noise
Higher Order Modulation and Smaller Sub-carrier Spacing
• Internal transmission signals or harmonics generated from other devised falling into the same frequency band
• Apply new technologies like tone nulling, notch filtering, dual sub-carrier modulation to eliminate the narrow interference
Narrow Interference
• Each antenna might interfere with other antennas, damaging performance
• True MIMO test becomes more important requiring more complex detectors like Maximum Likelihood (ML) detector
MU-MIMO (DL& UL)
• 802.11ax introduce OFDMA to maximize the resource utilization and multiplexing flexibility
Wi-Fi with OFDMA
20Keysight 802.11ax
KE
YS
IGH
T C
ON
FID
EN
TIA
L
Page 21 © 2015 Keysight Technologies
Visualizing 5G
Massive MIMO
Moray Rumney Page 21
Keysight 802.11ax Solutions for R&D/DVT/Manufacturing
89600 VSA Software
N9077A WLAN Application
Up to BW160
(N) N5182B MXG
Signal Generators N5182B MXG
Signal Generator
MXA
Signal Analyzer
PXA
Signal Analyzer
Single Channel 2x2, 3x3, 4x4, 8X8 MIMO
UXA
Signal Analyzer
N7617B Signal Studio for
WLAN
21
M9421A PXI VXT
M9421A PXI VXT
M9421A PXI VXT
Vector Transceiver
M9421A PXI VXT
Vector Transceiver
Keysight 802.11ax
E6640A EXM
E6640A EXM
Page 22 © 2015 Keysight Technologies
Visualizing 5G
Massive MIMO
Moray Rumney Page 22
WLAN 802.11ad/aj
802.11ad MAC PHY standard was completed in 2013
• Channel bandwidth of 2 GHz
• SC and OFDM PHY’s
Protocol Adaptation Layer specifications developed by the WiGig Alliance (WGA)
A new 802.11 study group for ‘Next Generation 60GHz’ to start in July 2014
• MIMO and Channel bonding likely to be included. Targeting speeds of up to 24 Gbps for a single
channel, 100 Gbps for 3 channels
802.11aj is proposed to support operation in Chinese Milli-Meter Wave (CMMW) frequency
bands including the 59-64GHz and 45GHz, which is unlicensed band in China. Key 5G
project of 863 of China.
Technical details of 802.11aj
• More close to 802.11ac; Add single carrier mode
• Support multiple antenna, up to 4 streams
• BW is up to 512MHz, ¼ of BW of 802.11ad
60GHz/45GHz
22
Page 23 © 2015 Keysight Technologies
Visualizing 5G
Massive MIMO
Moray Rumney Page 23
23
60 GHz Channel Plan by Region
CWPAN (China) also
planning
43.5-47.0 GHz deployment
TGaj (802.11aj)
2 31 4
5 6 7 8
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Antenna Design: beam forming is necessary at mmWave
Antennas: 2G, 3G, 4G are similar. Requires NEW design
BSEE is very adequate Companies hiring Phd’s for antenna design
Antennas are isotropic design Antennas are steerable beam array
Test method was RF cable Antenna is bonded to BBIC. OTA test only
Antenna was characterized Phased array antenna may need cal
Modest power = adequate distance Small power available…must steer it
New Design
RF mmWave
Page 25 © 2015 Keysight Technologies
Visualizing 5G
Massive MIMO
Moray Rumney Page 25
60 GHz PHY Test Solution: Signal Path Interconnect
25
DUT
M1971E WB Smart Mixer
MXG2: N5183A-520 MXG (Rx LO)
Controlling PC(Could be Desktop, Laptop or Embedded)
Waveform
Acq'd Signal
DSA91304A Infiniium Digital Speed Analyzer
81199A Wideband
Waveform Center (WWC)
89601B VSA SW
Differential IQ
AWG to Scope
5 G
Hz
LO/IF
WARNING: Exit 89600 VSA Software before changing instrument
setup
Dem
od
PSG: E8267D-520-016 (I/Q Modulation)
VDI Up-converter
MXG1: N5183A-520 MXG (Tx LO)
M8190A Wideband AWG (I/Q Generation)
Differential IQ AWG to PSG
AuxRF In
LO/IF
10 MHz
Introducing E7760A and M1650A
World’s 1st 802.11ad Non Signaling One Box Tester
26
1st
Y7707A 802.11ad Application SW
Performs all tests in the 802.11ad standard
Runs inside the E7760A
Node Locked, Transportable, Perpetual, Time based
M16M1650A mmWave Transceiver, 55 – 68GHz
Each M1650A is bidirectional and tunable
Includes 2 meter cable to deliver signals near the DUT
Single cable from E7760A provides the LO, power, and
control signals
E7760A Wideband Transceiver
1 VSA, 1 VSG in 2U form factor saves precious rack
space
2 x IFIO ports (SMA): 2 – 18 GHz
6x RF ports (Type N): 55 - 68GHz for mmWave
Transceivers (M1650A)
Page 27 © 2015 Keysight Technologies
Visualizing 5G
Massive MIMO
Moray Rumney Page 27
802.11ay/NG60 status
Expect schedule: 2017
Target Max Data Rate: 20GHz (4,32GHz),
100GHz(8.64GHz)
Modulation: up to 64APSK (NUC)
Range: 10m -> 300 ~ 500m (LOS and NLOS)
MIMO and MU-MIMO up to 4x4
NUC 64APSKDistance between array
centers - d
PAA #1
PAA #2
PAA elementSignal 1st stream
Signal 2nd stream
Phase shifterV pol
H pol
PAA elementSignal 3rd stream
Signal 4th stream
Phase shifterV pol
H pol
H and V pol
H and V pol
4x4 MIMOChannel Bonding
Source: IEEE, “11-15-1145-00-00ay-su-mimo-configurations-for-ieee-802-11ay”
Page 28 © 2015 Keysight Technologies
Visualizing 5G
Massive MIMO
Moray Rumney Page 28
802.11ay/NG60 use cases
Wireless Video
28
NG60
AP
NG60
AP
LOS AccessN-LOS Access
Backhaul @60GHz
BUS STOP
TV or Display
Set-top box
(TV controller)
Blu-ray player
Smart phone/Tablet
Replacement
of wired interface
Wireless Transfer
from fixed device
Wireless Transfer
from mobile device
8K UHD
Service
Data Center backup connection
VR/AR Backhaul
PageQuestions?
Thank you!
5G Wireless – The Next
Generation of Mobile
Communications 29
PageAgenda
前瞻裝置無線技術面面觀
5G關鍵技術與測試方案
新興IoT無線技術-LoRa、NB-IoT、Bluetooth 5
802.11ax/802.11ad/802.11ay
LTE-A pro 發展與測試
行動裝置省電技術與測試
封包追蹤放大器
行動裝置耗電驗證
行動裝置高速數位介面及儲存技術
克服MIPI PHY、UniPro、UniPort-M、UFS與(LP)DDR4測試挑戰
前瞻裝置技術論壇 30
PageIncrease the throughput
– Carrier Aggregation
5G Massive MIMO and
mmW Design and Test
Solution 31
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies
LTE UE Category DL and UE Category UL
FDD Downlink TDD Downlink
Cat 0 1 Mbps 1 Mbps
Cat 6/7301 Mbps (2CC 64QAM 2x2 MIMO)
(1CC 64QAM 4x4 MIMO)
263 Mbps(2CC 64QAM 2x2 MIMO)
(1CC 64QAM 4x4 MIMO)
Cat 9/10452 Mbps(3CC 64QAM 2x2 MIMO)
394 Mbps (3CC)
(3CC 64QAM 2x2 MIMO)
Cat 11/12
603 Mbps(4CC 64QAM 2x2 MIMO)
(3CC 256QAM, 2x2 MIMO)
(2CC 64QAM, 4x4 MIMO)
526 Mbps(4CC 64QAM 2x2 MIMO)
(3CC 256QAM, 2x2 MIMO)
(2CC 64QAM, 4x4 MIMO)
Cat 13391 Mbps (2CC 256QAM 2x2 MIMO)
(1CC 256QAM 4x4 MIMO)
335 Mbps(2CC 256QAM 2x2 MIMO)
(1CC 256QAM 4x4 MIMO)
Cat 143916 Mbps
(5CC 256QAM 8x8 MIMO)
3355 Mbps
(5CC 256QAM 8x8 MIMO)
Cat 15 750-799 Mbps(4CC 256QAM 2x2 MIMO)
(2CC 256QAM 4x4 MIMO)
643 - 684 Mbps (4CC 256QAM 2x2 MIMO)
(2CC 256QAM 4x4 MIMO)
Cat 16 979-1051 Mbps(5CC 256QAM 2x2 MIMO)
838-901 Mbps(5CC 256QAM 2x2 MIMO)
FDD Uplink TDD Uplink
Cat 0 1 Mbps 1 Mbps
Cat 3 51 Mbps (1CC) 30 Mbps (1CC)
Cat 5 75 Mbps (1CC 64QAM) 46 Mbps (1CC 64QAM)
Cat 7102 Mbps(2CC or 2x2 MIMO)
61 Mbps (2CC or 2x2 MIMO)
Cat 81.5 Gbps
(5CC 64QAM 4x4 MIMO)
612 Mbps
(5CC 64QAM 4x4 MIMO)
Cat 13151 Mbps (2CC 64QAM)
90 Mbps (2CC 64 QAM)
In UE Capability Information Message
<UL-DCCH-Message>
UE indicates the highest category it supports:
32
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What is Carrier Aggregation?
• Combining (using) multiple LTE carriers together in order to
increase data throughput
• Extends the maximum transmission bandwidth, up to 100 MHz, by
aggregating up to five LTE carriers – a.k.a component carriers
(CCs)
• Initially defined in the 3GPP Release 10 standard
• To preserve compatibility with existing devices, all aggregated
carriers look exactly “like R8/R9” carriers.
• Can be supported in Downlink only or both in Downlink and
Uplink
• Supported for FDD and TDD modes
33
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© 2015 Keysight Technologies
Multi-cell Aggregation
Example of PCC+ 3 SCC: 2 Layers, 2x2 MIMO and only 64 QAM
Multi-cell carrier aggregation
34
PageIncrease the throughput
– Carrier Aggregation
– 4x4 MIMO
5G Massive MIMO and
mmW Design and Test
Solution 35
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies
Keysight Confidential* Keysight Confidential* Keysight Confidential*
4x4 MIMO:
configuration
and
expectations
36
Source: PCTEL
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies
Keysight Confidential* Keysight Confidential* Keysight Confidential*
In UE Capability Information Message
<UL-DCCH-Message>
UE informs eNB that it is capable of supporting fourLayers in DL, for each of the bands it supports in CA
4x4 MIMO Support: How does eNB know UE supports it?You guessed it: UE Capability Information
37
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies
Keysight Confidential* Keysight Confidential* Keysight Confidential*
2x2 MIMO example: How does it work + how to configure 4x4
Source: PCTEL38
PageIncrease the throughput
– Carrier Aggregation
– 4x4 MIMO
– 256QAM
5G Massive MIMO and
mmW Design and Test
Solution 39
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies
On 256 QAM DL In UE Capability Information Message
<UL-DCCH-Message>
UE informs eNB that it is capable of supporting
256QAM in DL
The UE Capability Information Message keeps getting bigger, as new features are being added in 3GPP and
technology evolves.
Enhances the spectrum
efficiency for terminals
experiencing favorable channel
conditions.
40
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© 2015 Keysight Technologies
Keysight Confidential* Keysight Confidential* Keysight Confidential*
Table 7.1.7.1-1A. Modulation and TBS index table 2 for PDSCHTable 7.1.7.1-1. Modulation and TBS index table for PDSCH
How does UE know if it should decode 256QAM or other modulation?MCS index itself has not changed, but the mapping shall be different, if Q256 is
used.
From 3GPP Spec 36.213 (PHY Layer):
Mapping to
Modulation order
and TBS Index is
new
41
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© 2015 Keysight Technologies
Keysight Confidential* Keysight Confidential* Keysight Confidential*
– The study in the physical layer aspects (in 3GPP Rel-12 TR 36.872)
recommended:
• Downlink 256 QAM for low mobility sparse indoor scenarios
• Reduced transition time for small cell on/off
• Efficient radio-interface-based inter-cell synchronization (network listening)
– Downlink 256 QAM has been specified with much tighter EVM. From 36.104:
E-UTRA Small cell enhancements - Phy layer aspects
42
PageIncrease the throughput
– Carrier Aggregation
– 4x4 MIMO
– 256QAM
– UXM support Cat 16 , 1G throughput !
5G Massive MIMO and
mmW Design and Test
Solution 43
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies
Page
UXM Multi-Unit ConnectivityRealistic data performance for functional test
Main UXM Aux UXMManage all LTE cells & component
carriers from a single user interface
Keysight UXM & QC Snapdragon X16 LTE modem
• Mobile Industry Milestone: 1Gbps IP Data Throughput
• 4x4 MIMO w/ Carrier Aggregation & 256QAM Downlink
News from MWC ‘16
44
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© 2015 Keysight Technologies
Page
Setting the record straight: 3GPP 36.213 (V12.7.0) T. 7.1.7.2.1-1
“Downlink Throughput of 1 Gbps ~= 978.960 Mbps”
DL Category 16 978960 149776 (4 layers, 64QAM)
195816 (4 layers, 256QAM)
75376 (2 layers, 64QAM)
97896 (2 layers, 256QAM)
((x 2 for MIMO)x 2 for cells)
(x 2 for MIMO) +
45
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies
Page
We could do more, but via simulation of UE
46
PageLTE-A pro
– What’s LTE-A pro?
5G Massive MIMO and
mmW Design and Test
Solution 47
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies
New LTE marker agreed
– New marker “LTE-Advanced PRO” for Rel-13 and beyond
48
PageLTE-A pro
– What’s LTE-A pro?
– Cooperation and competition with WIFI
5G Massive MIMO and
mmW Design and Test
Solution 49
Cooperation and competition
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies
It’s happening in multiple ways…
3GPP has focused in two areas to help Operators offload traffic in the
unlicensed spectrum:
• WLAN via LTE/WLAN Interworking (via offload or aggregation)
• LTE over unlicensed spectrum
Rel. 12 Rel. 13 Rel. 14Rel. 11Rel. 10
LTE/WLAN
Interworking
LTE over
unlicensed eLAA
WLAN
Offload
RAN Assisted
Interworking
RAN Controlled
Interworking
LAA
LTE-U
Aggregation LWA
LWIP
50
Offload
LAA
5G Wireless – The Next
Generation of Mobile
Communications 51
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies
• Based on Carrier Aggregation with the Primary Cell being deployed in any
Licensed Band to ensure highest reliability and a set of SCells in unlicensed
spectrum to boost data rates.
LAA Overview and Design Targets
52
Design targets:
1. Single global solution compliant with any regional regulatory requirement
2. Effective and fair co-existence with WLAN
3. Effective and fair co-existence with others Operators’ LAA deployments
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies
LAA Functionalities
LTE functionality required:
i. Listen-Before-Talk (LBT)
ii. Frame structure type 3:
• Discontinuous transmission with limited usage of channel
• Use of incomplete subframes
• Downlink only
• No PBCH
• Use of Band 46 (5.150 – 5.925 GHz)
iii. Discovery Signals to enable RRM
More information can be found in TR 36.889
“Feasibility Study on Licensed-Assisted Access to Unlicensed Spectrum“
53
PageLTE-A pro
– What’s LTE-A pro?
– Cooperation and competition with WIFI
– Cellular IOT
5G Massive MIMO and
mmW Design and Test
Solution 54
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies
Why do we need IoT?
Healthcare
Agriculture
Asset tracking
Smart Energy
Connected cities
Manufacturing
Connected
cars
Weareables
Range
ZigBee
BT LE
NFC
WiFi Cellular
LPWAN
Data rate / Power consumption
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies
3GPP IOT
5G Wireless – The Next
Generation of Mobile
Communications 56
PageLTE-A pro
– What’s LTE-A pro?
– Cooperation and competition with WIFI
– Cellular IOT
• NBIOT
5G Massive MIMO and
mmW Design and Test
Solution 57
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies
NB-IoT: Key parameters
Frequency rangeLTE FDD Bands:
1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 13, 17, 18, 19, 20, 26, 28, 66
Duplex Mode FDD Half Duplex type B
MIMO No MIMO support
Bandwidth 180 KHz (1PRB)
Multiple AccessDownlink: OFDMA
Uplink: SC-FDMA
Modulation Schemes
Downlink: BPSK, QPSK
Uplink: Single Tone: π/4-QPSK, π/2-BPSK
Multi Tone: QPSK
Coverage 164 dB (+20dB GPRS)
Data Rate ~ 10s kbps
Latency < 10 seconds
Mobility Nomadic (only re-selections, no handovers)
Low Power eDRX, Power Saving Mode
HARQ (1 process only)
UL Power Control (Open Loop only)
RSRP, RSRQ Reporting
CSI Reporting
Carrier Aggregation
IMS
eMBMS
Support for other features:
Handovers in CONNECTED
$
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies
NB-IoT: Operation Modes
1. Standalone:
• Replacing a GSM carrier
with an NB-IoT cell
2. Guard band:
• Utilizing the unused
resource blocks within a
LTE carrier’s guard-band
with guaranteed co-
existence
3. In-band:
• Through flexible use of
part of an LTE carrier with
a self-contained NB-IoT
cell using 1PRB
LTE
(i.e. 5MHz , 25PRB)
In-Band Guard-Band Standalone
Frequenc
y
123
NB
-Io
T
NB
-Io
T
NB
-Io
T
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies
POP QUIZ
How many Operators are planning to deploy
NB-IoT during the next 12-18 months?
A. 10 kbps? Really?? NB-IoT is rubbish … Z E R O !
B. Between 5 and 10
C. More than 25 Operators
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies
Companies we know are working on NB-IoT
Chipset / IP vendors
• Neul
• HiSilicon/Huawei (collaboration)
• Intel (collaboration)
• Qualcomm (collaboration)
• Sequans (call)
• Altair (collaboration)
• GCT (future collaboration)
• Mediatek
• Samsung LSI (future collaboration)
• Nordic semiconductors
• Ceva (IP)
• Commsolid (IP) (collaboration)
• RDA (collaboration)
• ZXIC
• Mistbase
• NextG-com
Module vendors
• U-blox
• Sierra Wireless
• Telit
• Gemalto
• Quectel
Operators
• Vodafone
• CMCC
• China Unicom
• China Telecom
• AT&T
• Verizon
• Sprint
• T-Mobile USA
• Bell Mobility
• SK Telecom
• KT
• LG U+
• British Telecom
• Telecom Italia
• Telefonica
• TDC Denmark
• T-Mobile Netherlands
• Telia
• Deutsche Telekom
• Megafon Russia
• Tele2
• NTT Docomo
• KDDI
• Turk Telecom
• Etisalat
• Ooredo
• Safaricom
• Telstra
• Two Degree Mobile
• … Up to 50 Operators
End Devices vendors
• Optex
• Hisense
• LG
• Samsung
• Kamstrup Meters
• Pietro Fiorentini Meters
• Oviphone China wearable
• Veolia
• Nextivity
• Digi
• Harman
Base Station Vendors
• Huawei
• Nokia
• Ericsson
Industry Forums
• 3GPP
• GCF
• GSMA NB-IoT Forum
PageLTE-A pro
– What’s LTE-A pro?
– Cooperation and competition with WIFI
– Cellular IOT
• NBIOT
• Cat M1
5G Massive MIMO and
mmW Design and Test
Solution 62
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies
Page
Category M1 featuresKey Parameters
Feature Category M1 Any Category Comments
BL
Bandwidth Reduced
(BR)Mandatory N/A
• 1.4MHz BW (1 NarrowBand)
• MPDCCH (no PDCCH, PCFICH,
PHICH)
• NB hopping (re-tuning)
• FDD (opt. Half Duplex Type B) and TDD
• Specific SIB-BR (eMTC SIBs)
Lower Complexity
(LC)Mandatory N/A
• Max TBS is 1000 bits (uni and multi-
cast)
• Limited number of Transmission Modes
• Simplification of RRM
• Max power 20dBm (optional)
CE
Mode A Mandatory Optional
• Normal, Robust coverage
• Limited number of Repetitions
• TPC, CSI support
• DCI 6-1A (PDSCH), DCI 6-0A (PUSCH)
Mode B Optional Optional
• Extended coverage
• Large number of Repetitions
• No support for TPC, CSI
• DCI 6-1B (PDSCH), DCI 6-0B (PUSCH)
eDRX, PSM Optional Optional
• Hyperframe support (H-SFN)
• C-eDRX values of 5.12s and 10.24s
• I-eDRX values up to 44 minutes
*BL = Bandwidth reduced Low complexity
*CE = Coverage Enhancement
$
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies
Page
Cat-M1: Operation Mode
Typical 5MHz LTE5MHz with 25 x 180kHz
Cat M1 in-band
with LTE
Cat M11.4MHz with 6 x 180kHz
6 PRB x 180k=
1.08MHz
– Single Operation Mode with Cat-M1 devices embedded within the LTE cell
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies
Page
Cat-M1 sharing channel with LTEMPDCCH and NB Hopping
PD
CC
H
Sync, Broadcast
1
The UE uses the 6 central PRB
to acquire sync and Broadcast
6 central PRB
(1.4 MHz)
1 subframe (1ms)
Keysight Confidential
S800 2016
65
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies
Page
Cat-M1 sharing channel with LTEMPDCCH and NB Hopping
PD
CC
H
Sync, Broadcast
PD
CC
H
1
The UE uses the 6 central PRB
to acquire sync and Broadcast
6 central PRB
(1.4 MHz)
1 subframe (1ms)
2
nNB = 0
nNB = 1
nNB = 2
nNB = 3
The UE can only listen to just one
of the Narrowbands
1 subframe (1ms)
LTE cells is divided in blocks of 6
PRB called Narrowbands (NB)
Keysight Confidential
S800 2016
66
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies
Page
PD
CC
H
Sync, Broadcast
PD
CC
H
Cat-M1
1
1 subframe (1ms)
2
MPDCCH
PDSCH
1 subframe (1ms)
Given Cat-M1 BW is only 1.4MHz,
It cannot read legacy PDCCH (and PCFICH,
PHICH)
The UE uses the 6 central PRB
to acquire sync and Broadcast
Cat-M1 sharing channel with LTEMPDCCH and NB Hopping
6 central PRB
(1.4 MHz)
6 PRB
LTE cells is divided in blocks of 6
PRB called Narrowbands (NB)
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies
Page
PD
CC
H
Sync, Broadcast
PD
CC
H
Cat-M1
1
1 subframe (1ms)
2
1 subframe (1ms)
The UE uses the 6 central PRB
to acquire sync and Broadcast
PD
CC
H
Cat-M1
3
NB Hopping is posible to
improve frequency selectivity
1 subframe (1ms)
Cat-M1 sharing channel with LTEMPDCCH and NB Hopping
6 central PRB
(1.4 MHz)
LTE cells is divided in blocks of 6
PRB called Narrowbands (NB)
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies
Companies we know are working on Cat-M1
Chipset vendors
• Intel (collaboration)
• Qualcomm (call)
• Sequans (call)
• Altair (collaboration)
• GCT (using Hisilicon)
• Mediatek (Taiwan and Finland)
• Samsung LSI (Field)
• Nordic semiconductors (PR)
• RDA (collaboration)
• Mistbase (IP)
• NextG-com
• Virtuosys
Module vendors
• U-blox (call)
• Sierra Wireless (PR)
• Telit
• Gemalto (meeting)
• Quectel (PR)
Operators
• Vodafone (call)
• CMCC (visit)
• China Unicom (HiSilicon material)
• China Telecom
• AT&T (AVL 2016)
• Verizon (IWPC presentation)
• Sprint (3GPP)
• T-Mobile USA (meeting)
• Bell Mobility
• SK Telecom (NB-IoT Forum member)
• KT
• LG U+
• British Telecom (meeting)
• Telecom Italia (GSMA PR)
• Telefonica (GSMA PR)
• TDC Denmark (TLO)
• Telia
• Deutsche Telekom (HiSilicon material)
• Megafon Russia (NB-IoT Forum member)
• Tele2 (NB-IoT Forum member)
• NTT Docomo (Japan Field)
• KDDI
• Turk Telecom
• Etisalat
• Ooredo
• Safaricom
• Telstra
• Two Degree Mobile
End Devices vendors
• LG (Field)
• Samsung (Field)
• Nextivity (email)
Base Station Vendors
• Huawei
• Nokia
• Ericsson
Industry Forums
• 3GPP
• GCF
• PTCRB
69
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© 2015 Keysight Technologies
NB-IoT and Cat-M1
• Both NB-IoT and Cat-M1 have fundamental changes in the
physical layer and adds new specific features which need testing
Customer Challenge:
Many of our potential customers will have products covering both
NB-IoT and Cat-M1; possibly GSM and LTE as well
PageLTE-A pro
– What’s LTE-A pro?
– Cooperation and competition with WIFI
– Cellular IOT
• NBIOT
• Cat M1
• CIoT Verification Challenges
5G Massive MIMO and
mmW Design and Test
Solution 71
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies
Keysight Confidential* Keysight Confidential* Keysight Confidential*
CIoT Verification Challenges
Reliability
Long time between re-boot, unattended recovery
Remote software update, Server down, No coverage
Operator settings, IoT protocol selection, Authentication
Battery Life
Lifetime SLA, software update drain
Repetitions performance under extreme coverage
Unhandled software and network exceptions
Superior Coverage
Achieving deep in-building coverage
3rd party enclosure/antenna effects
Multi-radio interference/inter-mod
Acceptance
Certification & regulation test e.g. GCF/PTCRB
Operator acceptance, interop lab and field test
System integrator acceptance
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies
Keysight Confidential* Keysight Confidential* Keysight Confidential*
CIoT Verification Challenges
Reliability
Battery Life
Superior Coverage
Acceptance
UXM built-in app serverTest Automation Platform (TAP)
Lifetime SLA, software update drain
Repetitions performance under extreme coverage
Unhandled software and network exceptions
Certification & regulation test e.g. GCF/PTCRB
Operator acceptance, interop lab and field test
System integrator acceptance
Antenna test systems
General Purpose RF test tools
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies
Keysight Confidential* Keysight Confidential* Keysight Confidential*
CIoT Verification Challenges
Reliability
Battery Life
Superior Coverage
Acceptance
UXM built-in app serverTest Automation Platform (TAP)
Certification & regulation test e.g. GCF/PTCRB
Operator acceptance, interop lab and field test
System integrator acceptance
Antenna test systems
General Purpose RF test tools
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies
Keysight Confidential* Keysight Confidential* Keysight Confidential*
CIoT Verification Challenges
Reliability
Battery Life
Superior Coverage
Acceptance
Antenna test systems
UXM built-in app serverTest Automation Platform (TAP)
T4000S RCT/RRM operator RF
General Purpose RF test tools
PageAgenda
前瞻裝置無線技術面面觀
5G關鍵技術與測試方案
新興IoT無線技術-LoRa、NB-IoT、Bluetooth 5
802.11ax/802.11ad/802.11ay
LTE-A pro 發展與測試
行動裝置省電技術與測試
封包追蹤放大器
行動裝置耗電驗證
行動裝置高速數位介面及儲存技術
克服MIPI PHY、UniPro、UniPort-M、UFS與(LP)DDR4測試挑戰
前瞻裝置技術論壇 77
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies
Page
Envelope Tracking vs. Fixed Supply - Concept
PABasebandUp-
converter
Fixed DC
Supply
IQ RF
PABasebandUp-
Converter
Envelope
tracking power
supply (ETPS)
IQ RF
Envelope
detector
Shaping
table
Battery
Conventional RF Amplifier
RF Amplifier with Envelope Tracking
Constant supply
Variable envelope
Variable supply
Variable envelope
Efficient Inefficient
PA ET and DPD
and Test Solution
78
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies
• Improve battery life
• Increase RF amplifier performance over broad frequencies
• Lower distortion
• Reduce heat dissipation
Envelope Tracking - The How & Why
79
PA ET and DPD
and Test Solution
Continuously
adjust the
supply voltage
to change the
PA’s operating
point
Page行動裝置省電技術與測試
– Envelope Tracking
– Digital Pre-Distortion
80
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies
Digital Pre-Distortion (DPD) - Concept
+ =
DPD corrects PA nonlinearities resulting in higher performing power amplifiers
Pmax correctable
PsatPout
Pin
PA with Gain Compression
DPD Gain
Expansion
Linear
Region
DPD
Region
Very Important Intercept Point
Linearized DPD + PA Response
81PA ET and DPD
and Test Solution
Raw PA output (no DPD)
PA+DPD, after 1 iteration to extract DPD
coefficients
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies
DPD - The How & Why
Improve linearity of PA output signal by modifying the input
PA ET and DPD
and Test Solution
82
Page行動裝置省電技術與測試
– Envelope Tracking
– Digital Pre-Distortion
– Crest Factor Reduction
83
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies
• CFR is not a linearization technique
• Two methods widely used: 1) Clipping and Filtering 2) Peak Windowing
Crest Factor Reduction - The How & Why
Reduce the PAPR to limit distortion produced in the PA
PA ET and DPD
and Test Solution
84
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies
© Keysight Technologies 2015
CFR – Clipping and Filtering
85
• This is the conventional method, includes both hard clipping and lowpass filtering
• Clipping can cause sharp corners in a clipped signal, which leads to an unwanted out-of-
band emission (increased ACP)
• To reduce the unwanted out-of-band emissions, the clipped signal will go through a low-
pass filter to reduce the high frequency signals which correspond to the sharp corners in
the clipped signal.
PA ET and DPD
and Test Solution
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies
© Keysight Technologies 2015
CFR – Peak Windowing
86
• Peak windowing aims to smooth the sharp corners which result from hard clipping
• In the peak windowing algorithm, clipping is implemented by multiplying the original
signal in the region of the peak with a windowing function such as Kaiser, Gaussian and
Hamming.
PA ET and DPD
and Test Solution
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies
ACP-EVM Performance Trade-off Using CFR
Example: CFR
using clipping &
filtering
If ACPR fails the
3GPP spec.,
applying CFR can
give a few dB
improvement,
enough to pass
or provide some
margin but EVM
will increase.
PA ET and DPD
and Test Solution
87
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies
Page
Where do ET, DPD and CFR apply?
ET DPD CFR
WLAN Exploring/Verification
(Mainly in R&D)
Access Point (AP) and
Station (STA)
Access Point (AP) and
Station (STA)
Cellular UE BTS (normally complicated
with real-time feedback)
UE (normally pen-loop)
BTS
Benefit Save Power
Improve linearity
Improve Linearity Improve linearity
(PAPR)
88PA ET and DPD
and Test Solution
Page行動裝置省電技術與測試
– Envelope Tracking
– Digital Pre-Distortion
– Crest Factor Reduction
– Keysight PA Test Solution
89
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies
Page
Keysight Power Amplifier Bench-top and PXI Solution
Common Measurement Science
Bench top
Ideal for R&D / Interactive DVT
Modular
Ideal for Automated DVT / Production
• Min. investment for bench-top install base
• Wideband solution support w/ AWG+PSG
• Front panel maximizes measurement insight
• Asset portability
• Optimized for test throughput
• Smaller footprint
• Reference Solution Software.
• Controls the programming DC Power and DUT
Design &
DevelopmentDVT Production
ModularBench top
PA ET and DPD
and Test Solution
90
Envelope
RF
DUT
N7614B Signal
Studio for PA Test
Timing
Alignment
X-Series
Measurement
Applications
N6700B with N6782A (1 to 4)
4 channel SMU
ETP
A
Data
N7614B
API
Ref Solution
SW
PXIe VSG / PXIe VSA/AWG/VNA
ETPS
ETPA
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies
Keysight Common Measurement Science N7614B
91
Easy exploration of PA performance improvement techniques using N7614B
1: RF waveform
selection
3: Shaping table
selection, time alignment
4: DPD algorithms &
coefficient export
5: ETPS
configuration
7: Standard
RF analysis
6: Output power
servo control
2: CFR technique &
parameter selection
PA ET and DPD
and Test Solution
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies92
X-Series Signal Generator
33600/33500 series AWG
Envelope
RF
ETPS
ETPA
TriggerTiming
Alignment
N6705B DC Power Analyzer
I/Q Waveforms:
• Pre-loaded waveforms
• Signal Studio
• User-defined waveforms
(Matlab, CSV/TXT, BIN)
PA Technologies
Envelope Tracking: Opt. EFP
Digital Pre-Distortion: Opt. FFP
Crest Factor Reduction
Measurement View:
• Distortion: AM-AM, AM-PM
• Spectrum: channel power, ACP
• CCDF
• Delta EVM; Demod EVM vs. Power
Closed Loop Operation
N7614B
Signal Studio
for PA Test
quickly explore the
comprehensive
interactions
between the PA and
non-linear
correction
techniques like
envelope tracking
and digital pre-
distortion
RF Power Amplifier Test w/Envelope Tracking and DPD Bench-top Solution for Design, Development and DVT
PA ET and DPD
and Test Solution
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies93
Accelerate the
measurement
speed for LUT
based DPD and
shaping table effect
for ET with real-time
solution
RF Power Amplifier Test w/Envelope Tracking and DPD Dual-MXG Solution for Design, Development and DVT Acceleration
X-Series RF Signal Generator
Envelope
RF
ETPS
ETPA
EVENT1
Timing
Alignment
N6705B DC Power Analyzer
Closed Loop Operation
N7614B
Signal Studio
for PA Test X-Series Envelope
Signal Generator
Pattern
Trigger In1
PA Test
• Can apply LUT based DPD in
real-time
• Can apply shaping table for ET in
either ARB or real-time
Two MXGs
• For ET, one is used as RF generator and
one is used as envelope generator
• Speed is faster than the one MXG plus
one AWG
• 660 option is needed for real-time MXGs
Measurement View: • Distortion: AM-AM, AM-PM
• Spectrum: channel power, ACP
• CCDF
• Delta EVM
• Dynamic EVM (for WLAN)
PA ET and DPD
and Test Solution
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies
Page
RF Power Amplifier Test - Wideband DPD SolutionAXI Solution for Design, Development and DVT
M8190A AWG + E8267D PSG
RF
DUT
N7614B Signal Studio
Or Customer DPD
N9040A UXA Signal Analyzer
PA
𝐼 𝐼 𝑄𝑄
Wideband IQ Inputs (PSG Rear Panel)
Wideband PA Test Use Case
• DPD support only
• For wideband signal, such as
80MHz or 160MHz WLAN
• For wideband LTE BTS PA Test
Wideband signal Analysis
• the required bandwidth depends
on customers’ DPD algorithms
• UXA support up to 510 MHz
• Support I/Q data capture
• 89600B VSA may be needed for
demodulation
Wideband Signal Generation
• Up to 2GHz bandwidth
• Automatic calibration including spectrum
flatness and IQ imbalance.
• Automatic or manual adjustment
Wideband DPD solution
for PA Test enabling by
WLAN and LTE
applications
PA ET and DPD
and Test Solution
94
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies
RF Power Amplifier Test w/Envelope Tracking and DPDPXI Solution for Automated test in DVT and Production
95
Envelope
RF
ETPS
DUT
N7614B Signal Studio’s
Envelope Tracking/DPD
Timing
Alignment
X-Series Measurement
Applications
N6700B with N6782A (1 to 4)
4 channel SMU
HW System Control
(IVI Drivers)
• Power & Spectrum
Measurements
• Waveform &
Envelope Download
• IQ Data Upload
ETPA
PXIe VSG/PXIe VSA/AWG/VNA
Data
N7614B
API
Ref Solution SW
PXI based solution is
targeting for high-
throughput, automated
measurements with
CFR/ET/DPD algorithm
from N7614B
PA ET and DPD
and Test Solution
Page行動裝置省電技術與測試
– Envelope Tracking
– Digital Pre-Distortion
– Crest Factor Reduction
– Keysight PA Test Solution
– N7614B Signal Studio for PA Test Introduction and
Example
96
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies
Page
PC installed with
N7614B signal studio
RF Signal Generator
(N5182B or N5172B)
Signal Analyzer
(PXA/MXA/EXA)
RF Out
RF In
PA as DUT
EVENT 1
TRIGGER1
IN
LAN/GPIB
LAN/GPIB
Envelope Signal Generator
(33522B or 33622A)
ETPS
LAN/GPIB
10 MHz
Ref Out
10 MHz
Ref In
Sync
Pattern
Trigger In
VETP
VETN
Ch1 out
VETPS_OUT
Vcc
ETPA
Ch2 out
10 MHz
Ref Out
10 MHz
Ref In
DC Power
Timing Alignment
Required
PA ET/ET+DPD Test System Connection Diagramwith Bench-top Instruments and N7614B SW
PA Test Seminar
7/3/2014
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© 2015 Keysight Technologies
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N7614B GUI – Block Diagram View
I/Q Waveforms:
• Free Pre-loaded waveform
• Signal studio waveform
• User-defined waveform
• CFR (Crest Factor
Reduction) Processing
Envelope Tracking: Opt. EFP
• Shaping Table Input
• ETPS and ETPA settings
• Automatic or manual time
alignment
Digital Pre-Distortion: Opt. FFP
• User-defined Look-Up Table
• Close-Loop DPD: LUT,
Volterra Series or polynomial
• Export DPD model
ETPS settings:
• ETPS Gain
• Vcc Offset
• Vcm setting
• Vcc clipping/Min./Max.
Instrument settings:
• LAN or GPIB connection
• RF generator settings
• Envelope generator settings
• Signal analyzer settings
PA settings:
• Loss in, Loss out
• Specify PA Input /output
power
• Power servo mode
• Power sweep mode
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© 2015 Keysight Technologies
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N7614B GUI - Measurement View
AM/AM AM/PM
ACPR EVM vs. Power
Red: signal with ET only
Green: signal with both ET and DPD
Measurement View:
Distortion measurement
• AM-AM
• AM-PM
• CCDF
Spectrum measurement
• Channel power
• ACP
Mod quality meas.
• Delta EVM
• Dynamic EVM
• Demod EVM
(need XA option)
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© 2015 Keysight Technologies
ET+DPD Measurement Example: AM-AM/AM-PM
Fixed DC Supply AM/AM, AM/PM ET+DPD: AM/AM, AM/PM
Signal: LTE 5 MHz Full RB with QPSK Red: signal with ET only
Green: signal with both ET and DPD
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© 2015 Keysight Technologies
ET+DPD Measurement Example: ACPR
Fixed DC Supply ACPR: -36 dBc
ET Only ACPR: -40 dBc
ET+DPD ACPR: -62 dBc
Signal: LTE 5 MHz Full RB with QPSK
26 dB ACP improvement
with ET+DPD
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© 2015 Keysight Technologies
Delta EVM – Independent from any standard specification
RF envelope
voltage
Instantaneous error
“Delta EVM”
• Delta EVM shows the difference between the wanted
signal and the measured waveform
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© 2015 Keysight Technologies
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N7614B Signal Studio for PA TestET/ET+DPD Test Results (Example Result only)
Measurement
LTE 5MHz FullRB w/ QPSK
Average
Power
(mA)
ACP
(dB)
Delta EVM
(%)
Demod EVM
(%)
Waveform 360 -36 3.58% 1.88%
ET only(With Shaping Table)
240 -40 2.22% 1.34%
ET +DPD(DPD Volterra, Iteration=2)
240 -62 0.46% 0.23%
PageAgenda
前瞻裝置無線技術面面觀
5G關鍵技術與測試方案
新興IoT無線技術-LoRa、NB-IoT、Bluetooth 5
802.11ax/802.11ad/802.11ay
LTE-A pro 發展與測試
行動裝置省電技術與測試
封包追蹤放大器
行動裝置耗電驗證
行動裝置高速數位介面及儲存技術
克服MIPI PHY、UniPro、UniPort-M、UFS與(LP)DDR4測試挑戰
前瞻裝置技術論壇 104
PageAgenda
MIPI 實體層測試
C-PHY
D-PHY
M-PHY
(LP)DDR4測試及DDR5 說明
DDR4 Testing
DDR5 update
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© 2015 Keysight Technologies
C-PHY Three Data Lane PHY Configuration
– Data-rate completely agile, no discrete operating frequencies, continous range
– Embeddeded / encoded clocking
– RX testing is basically stressed eye testing
(eye closure mainly due to ISI and DCD caused by A,B, C – skew and Tr, Tf differences )
C-PHYSlave Data Lane Module
C-PHYSlave Data Lane Module
C-PHYSlave Data Lane Module
C-PHYMaster Data Lane Module
C-PHYMaster Data Lane Module
C-PHYMaster Data Lane Module
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© 2015 Keysight Technologies
C-PHY Spec 1.2 CTS 1.0
Keysight has proposed to using 2 port S-Parameter as test
reference channel for C-PHY.
TX Eye diagram test, RX jitter test.
Original measurement Adding reference channel TX eye diagram test
Concern 1
C-PHY TX eye diagram test/ RX jitter test required to imply reference
channel that needs 6 port S-parameter to test but none of scope can
support 6 port s-parameter directly.
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© 2015 Keysight Technologies
C-PHY Spec 1.2 CTS 1.0
Concern 2
Current CTS can not promise, TX eye diagram test result and RX jitter
calibration method is same so that both test will be correlated
between. Because oscilloscope can’t make one eye diagram for 3
VAB, VBC, VCA waveforms, which will be required for RX jitter
calibration.
TX Eye diagram test, RX jitter test.
Which eye diagram to use
RX jitter calibration?
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© 2015 Keysight Technologies
C-PHY Spec 1.2 CTS 1.0
Keysight will use/propose combined one eye diagram for eye mask
test.
TX Eye diagram test, RX jitter test.
3 single VA,VB, VC
Makes differential
VAB, VBC, VCA
Based on differential
Signals generate clock
Stich VAB, VBC, VCA
As one long signal
Also stich generated
clock signal
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© 2015 Keysight Technologies
Combined 3 waveforms to 1 eye diagramTest results
Result show
that eye
shape is not
same
PageAgenda
MIPI 實體層測試
C-PHY
D-PHY
M-PHY
(LP)DDR4測試及DDR5 說明
DDR4 Testing
DDR5 update
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© 2015 Keysight Technologies
D-PHY specification 2.0 CTS1.0
– RTB issue, current Reference termination Board is not fit to test over
1.5Gbps, due to LP to HS switching speed.
– Unless UNH-IOL or other vendor provide new RTB, test result will be
impacted by this limitation
Concern 1. Higher speed - TX
4.5Gbps signal measure from RTB,
added STD channel
4.5Gbps original signal, added STD channel
Start in consideration on direct connection or Active
termination adopter, RTB will used for Global parameter
test only
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© 2015 Keysight Technologies
D-PHY CTS 2.0 considerationConcern 2. Eye diagram test - TX
– Eye diagram test will be performed after passing reference channel while
applying TX EQ(de-emphasis), Keysight will provide reference channel as
S-parameter model so do not need to change probing due to reference
channel.
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© 2015 Keysight Technologies
D-PHY CTS 2.0 considerationConcern 2. Eye diagram test - TX
– Do we need to consider moving eye diagram?
– D-PHY specification 1.2 support SKEW calibration, but Oscilloscope
does not support this feature. So if there has inter skew between
clock and data, eye mask can be violated due to inter skew which
can be compensated by skew calibration in real environmental.
CLK
Data
Inter skew
Keysight will add to finding optimal
Eye position within +/-0.2UI range
PageAgenda
MIPI 實體層測試
C-PHY
D-PHY
M-PHY
(LP)DDR4測試及DDR5 說明
DDR4 Testing
DDR5 update
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© 2015 Keysight Technologies
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M-PHY Physical LayerHigh Speed and Low Speed Modes
– High Speed NRZ (HS) and Lower Speed (LS) modes
• Common LS mode: Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
– Always differential and 8b/10b coded
– High and low voltage swing operations
– Terminated (100 ohm) or not terminated operation
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© 2015 Keysight Technologies
M-PHY 4.1 CTS consideration
M-PHY CTLE USB 3.1 Gen2 CTLE
CTLE shape is looks like USB3.1 Gen2 CTLE but equation is totally different
How we can get similar shape?
Concern 1, wrong spec
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© 2015 Keysight Technologies
M-PHY 4.1 CTS consideration
M-PHY CTLE USB 3.1 Gen2 CTLE
Concern 1, wrong spec
USB 3.1 Gen2
use Aac value
to limiting boost
effect(peaking)Okay, MIPI
also has
Vac. But
where in
equation?
?
Equation has Vdc,
Wpz, Wp1 and
Wp2 as variable.
Where is fp1?
?
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© 2015 Keysight Technologies
MIPI Technology Industry Roadmap
Q3 2016 Q4 2016 H1 2017 H2 2017
M-PHY
D-PHY
C-PHY
Others
*Roadmap based on fiscal quarters Industry spec drop
Keysight scope solution (Tx)
D-PHY
2.0
M-PHY v 4.0
compliance
D-PHY v2.0
compliance
Keysight receiver solution (Rx)
C-PHY 1.2
(M8085A)
D-PHY 2.0
(M8085A)
Keysight protocol solution (P)
C-PHY v1.2
compliance
D-PHY 2.0 Pre
compliance
M-PHY
4.0
C-PHY
1.2
C-PHY v1.0
compliance
I3C protocol
Phase 1I3C protocol
Phase 2
C-PHY
protocolSPMI 2.0
protocol
I3C v0.8
D-PHY
1.2 CTS
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© 2015 Keysight Technologies
MIPI All TX
Keysight MIPI Physical Testing solution
~2013/2014 2016 ~2015
M-PHY RX
D-PHY RX
C-PHY RX
J-BERT N4903B
ParBERT 81250
J-BERT M8020A
AWG M8190A
AWG M8190A
J-BERT M8020A
AWG M8195A
AWG M8195A
S, V, Z series scopeS, V, Z series scope9K/90K/90KX
series scope
PageAgenda
MIPI 實體層測試
C-PHY
D-PHY
M-PHY
(LP)DDR4測試及DDR5 說明
DDR4 Testing
DDR5 update
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© 2015 Keysight Technologies
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Measuring The DDR4 Eye (tDIVW and vDIVW)DDR4 Measured Eye Diagram
Use the smallest observed timing or voltage margin
Test supported with
N6462A DDR4
compliance app
• Clock Tests
• Electrical
• Timing
• Eye diagram
DDR4 Speed grades:
1600, 1866, 2133, 2400,
2666, 3200 MT/s (as per
JESD79-4)
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© 2015 Keysight Technologies
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Mask Voltage Position - Vcent
1. Find the widest part of the eye for each DQ
2. Select the highest and lowest eyes
3. Vcent = Midpoint (all DQ eyes) = Average(highest, lowest)
Vcent
• LPDDR4 Vref is an internal signal – not visible during system operation• Vref can driven out DQ pins only when DRAM is in special test mode
• Vcent = estimate of the internal Vref derived from DQ eyes
Vcent necessary to enable in-system measurements
How to determine Vcent:
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© 2015 Keysight Technologies
Connect Acquire View & Analyze
DDR4 / LPDDR4 Insight with a Logic Analyzer
Mid-Bus &
specialty Probing
Memory Analysis SW
Listing with Decoders
Traffic Overview
Protocol Compliance
across Speed changes
Performance Analysis
WaveformsBus Level Signal
Integrity Insight
Capture highest data rates! Address and command for DDR4
or LPDDR4 up to 5000 Mb/sData up to 4000 Mb/s
Capture smallest eyes!100mV x 100ps at probe point.
Sequential Triggers up to 2.5GHz or 4000 Mb/s!
12.5GHz Timing Zoom 256k deep
Up to 400M deep traces
DIMM
SODIMM
Interposers
U4164A Logic Analyzer
Module
B4661A Memory
Analysis SW
New
New
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© 2015 Keysight Technologies
Key User Requirements
– Maximum visibility of simultaneous R/W traffic capture for DDR4 and LPDDR4
– Higher speed timing mode
– Deeper captures
– Continuous state mode capture through resets and clock off periods.
Addressed by new features of U4164A
• U4164A has new comparator that enables single point probing, relaxing routing constraints and decreasing probe
loading.
• U4164A has new ¼ channel 10GHz timing mode with SW deskew. (2 x U4154B)
• U4164A has twice the memory depth option of U4154B, with 400M option
• 400M option in State modes and full channel Timing, 800M in half channel timing mode and 1.6G in ¼ channel timing
mode.
• U4164A has new clock hysteresis to improve state capture through clock tri-state events.
PageAgenda
MIPI 實體層測試
C-PHY
D-PHY
M-PHY
(LP)DDR4測試及DDR5 說明
DDR4 Testing
DDR5 update
Page
© 2015 Keysight Technologies
What’s new in DDR5 proposed spec?
1. Speed bin: up to 6.4GT/s
2. New Tx jitter specs (defined separately for DQ and DQS)
3. DFE for Data Buffer
Testing requirements may add:
1. Jitter characterization on DRAM, Host and Buffer
2. Equalization for unmatched DQ/DQS at Receiver
3. More accurate simulation models to optimize system margin
Source: Intel DDR5 Technical Review
EZJIT Complete Jitter
Decomposition Software
PageQuestions?
Thank you!