5/16/11

1

AWholeNewWorldThelasttwodecadesataglaceandAmerica’srole.

WastheColdWaragoodthing?•  DuringtheColdWarthereweretwogreatsuperpowerstheU.S.andtheU.S.S.R.–  Countriesaroundtheworldlookedtoeitheroneofthesecountriestotaketheleadinmajorissues.

•  ADerthefalloftheSovietUnionmanycountriesaroundtheworldfoundthemselvesfreetoshapetheirownfuture.

•  However,thischangedidn’thappeneasilyandmuchbloodshedandinstabilityfollowed.

U.S.inaNewWorld•  Inthe1990s,naMonsaroundtheworldwerebecominglessstable.– Manyweretornapartbyracial,cultural,orreligioustensions.

–  EventsacrosstheworldhelpedshapeAmericanforeignpolicy.

RussiaandEasternEurope•  U.S.promotedthemovetowardWestern‐styledemocracyintheformerSovietrepublics.–  Offeredbillionsofdollarsinaid.

–  NATOallowedPoland,Hungary,andtheCzechRepublictojoin.

SouthAfrica•  ApartheidhadbeenthepolicyofSouthAfricafordecades.–  Apartheid:separaMonofpeopleofdifferentracialbackgrounds.

–  SouthAfrica’swhiteminority(15%ofthepopulaMon)hadlongdeniedequalrightstotheblackmajority.

•  ToencouragereformofApartheid,theU.S.usedeconomicsancMons(traderestricMonsandeconomicmeasuresintendedtopunishanothernaMon).

•  In1990,NelsonMandela,ananM‐apartheidleader,wasreleasedfromjailaDerbeingincarceratedfor27years.

5/16/11

2

•  MandelaandPrimeMinisterKlerkworkedtogethertoendapartheid.

•  In1994,SouthAfricahelditsfirstelecMonswhereblackscouldvote.

•  NelsonMandelabecamethenewpresident,andSouthAfricamadeapeacefultransiMontoblackmajorityrule.

U.S.Challenge•  Inthe1990s,theU.S.wantedtopromotethespreadofdemocracytonewareas.–  U.S.alsowantedtostoptheviolencethateruptedinseveralregionsaroundtheworld.•  VietnamhadleDAmericanshesitantaboutcommi`ngtocommitmentsinothercountries.

TheU.S.hadbecomehesitantlikethisducklingandhorsewhen

itcametoforeignconflicts.

Somalia•  Africancountrythatsufferedafamineandcivilwarintheearly1990s.

•  PresidentBushsentAmericanstoSomaliain1992toassistaUNreliefeffort.

•  WhiletheU.S.didhelpwithfoodefforts,theSomaligovernmentwasunabletocontrolarmedrebelgroupsthatruledthecountryside.

•  In1993,agroupofSomalirebelsadackedaforceofU.S.soldiers.

•  MorethanadozenU.S.soldierswerekilledinthisbadle.

•  ADerthisbadle,Clintonremovedthetroops,despitethefactthatorderhadnotbeenrestored.

TheeventsofthebadlearedepictedinthemoMonpictureBlackHawkDown.

TheClintonadministraMontookalotofcriMcismforevent.

Israel•  Inthe1990s,PresidentClintonhelpedtriedtohelpnegoMateapeaceagreementwithPrimeMinisterEhudBarakofPalesMneandYasirArafatofIsrael.

•  Theleaderswereunabletoreachanagreement,andviolenceinIsraelhasbeenincreasingeversince.

Nothinglikeawalkthroughaforesttoerasethousandsofyearsofconflict.

TheBalkans•  TheU.S.playedakeyroleinpeacekeepinginYugoslavia,anaMonofseveraldisMnctethnicandreligiousgroups.

•  ADerthecollapseofcommunism,theproblemsbetweenthesegroupseruptedintoaviolentconflict.

5/16/11

3

•  YugoslavRepublics:Bosnia,CroaMa,Serbia– BosniaandCroaMawantedtobeindependentnaMons.

•  SerbiawantedtokeepYugoslaviaunited.– AminorityofSerbslivinginBosniaalsowantedtokeepaunifiedYugoslavia.

SlobodanMilosevicwaspresidentofSerbiaandhelpedorchestratea

genocidetokeepYugoslaviaunified.Hewastriedasawarcriminalanddiedinjailbeforeaverdictcouldbereached.

•  WhenBosniadeclaredtheirindependencein1991,theBosnianSerbstookmilitaryacMonwithasiegeofSarajevo(majorcityinBosnia).–  EthnicCleansingcampaigntoremovenon‐SerbsfromBosnia.

– Millionsfledtheirhomes,andmorethan200,000peoplewerekilled.

SerbiansoldierskickingBosnianMuslims.

•  PresidentClintonwashesitanttogetinvolvedintheconflictbecauseourEuropeanalliesresistedtheuseofforce.

•  However,NATOairstrikesin1995pushedBosnianSerbsintopeacetalks.–  Cease‐fireandforeignpeacekeepingtroops,includingthousandsofU.S.soldiers.

Clintonwashesitanttojointheconflict.

•  ViolencethenspreadtoKosovo,anotherpartoftheformerYugoslavia.

•  LedtoanotherroundofviolencebetweenSerbsandethnicAlbaniansinKosovo,withtheSerbstakingcontrolofaviolentcampaign.

•  In1999,theU.S.andNATOlaunchedaseriesofairstrikesagainstSerbia.–  ForcedSerbianleaderSlobodan

MilosevictoallowinternaMonalpeacekeepingforcestoenterKosovo.

Afghanistan•  Afghanistanbecameafocal

pointfortheU.S.aDertheSovietUnioninvadedin1979.–  ODenreferredtoasthe

U.S.S.R.’sVietnam.

•  U.S.respondedbyboyco`ng1980OlympicsinMoscowandwithdrawinganucleararmstreatyfromtheSenate.–  Sovietseventuallywithdrew.

•  CharlieWilson’sWar(watchit!)

•  In1996,agroupofMuslimfundamentalistscalledtheTalibantookcontrolofKabul.

•  Builta‘pureIslamicstate’(notelevisionormusic).

•  TalibanalsoprovidedprotecMonforOsamabinLaden(al‐Qaedaleader).

5/16/11

4

•  TheTalibanwerethefirsttargetoftheU.S.waronTerrorlaunchedaDerSeptember11.

•  InOctober2001,U.S.forcesoustedtheTalibanfrompower.–  Didn’tgetbinLaden

•  Inrecentyears,theTalibanhasreemergedandhascausedtheU.S.lotsofproblemsinAfghanistan.

•  TheTalibanwereneverreallydefeated.–  HidamongtheAfghanpopulaMon.

–  TraveledtoPakistan.•  TheU.S.isusingdifferentopMonstocombattheTaliban.–  NaMonBuilding– Militarily,sMllfighMngtheTalibanwhenchancesarise.

–  PoliMcally,adempMngtoengagetheTalibaninpeacetalks.•  OffersofposiMonsinAfghangovernment.

Iraq•  SaddamHusseinconMnued

tooppressgroupswithinIraqthroughthe1990s.

•  HealsorefusedtocooperatewithUNinspectorssenttoIraqtoensurethatthenaMondestroyedtheirWeaponsofMassDestrucMon(WMDs).

•  AdecadeaDerthePersianGulfwar,theU.S.didn’tseeanyrealprogressbeingmadetowardafreeandpeacefulIraq.

CommonHazardSymbols

•  ADerSeptember11,BushsentawarningtoIraqtostopdevelopingweaponsofmassdestrucMon.

UnleashtheCheney!

•  OnMarch20th2003,theU.S.militaryinvadedIraq(OperaMonIraqiFreedom)underthepresumpMonIraqpossessedweaponsofmassdestrucMon(WMDs).

•  Saddam’sregimefellinweeks.

•  Saddamwascaptured,putontrial,andhanged.

•  WMDswereneverfound.•  InAugustof2010,thelast

“combat”troopsleDIraq.–  SMllover50,000“support”

troopsinIraq.

May1st2003,betPresidentBushwisheshecouldtakethisoneback.

May1st2011•  PresidentBarackObamaannouncedthataU.SspecialforcesteamhadkilledOsamaBinLaden.

•  ManywonderaboutthefutureoftheU.S.militaryintheMiddleEast.

•  ManyfearretaliaMonsbecauseofBinLaden’sdeath.

ReleasedpictureofPresidentObamaashewatchesthemissionintheWhiteHouse

SituaMonRoom.

5/16/11

5

PresidentObamawithhisnaQonalsecurityteamastheywatchandlistenrealQmeasthemissiontokillBinLadencommences.

America:ANaQonofDiversity•  Inthe1990s,anotherwaveofimmigrantshelpedmaketheU.S.morediversethananyMmeinitshistory.

•  80%ofalllegalimmigrantsduringthisMmecamefromAsiaandLaMnAmerica.

•  ImmigraMonActof1990increasedimmigraMonquotasby40%,anderasedmanyrestricMons.

ImmigraQonDebate•  ArgumentsforRestricQngImmigraQon.–  Immigrantshurttheeconomybecausetheywillworkforlowwages.

–  Immigrantservicesarecostlytostategovernments.

–  “Dividing”AmericansocietybysMckingwiththeirethnicgroupsinsteadofadapMngtoAmericanculture.•  BilingualEducaMon(studentstaughtintwolanguages);opponentsbelievethisencouragesimmigrantstoconMnueusingtheirownlanguage.

•  ArgumentsforexpandedimmigraQon:–  ImmigrantshelptheeconomybytakingjobsthatfewAmericanswant(highlymoMvatedtowork).

– Only5.7%ofimmigrantsreceivegovernmentaid.

–  ImmigraMonisagoodinvestmentforthefuture,expandingthesizeoftheworkforceandthenumberoftaxpayers.

Duringthelate1800s,theU.S.experienceditslargestgrowthin

immigrantsandindustry.

ThegrowthinindustryhelpedAmericabecomethesuperpower

itistoday.

ValidargumentscanbemadethatimmigrantsfueledournaMons

success.

ModernTechnology•  InformaQonAge:– ReferstotheinvenMonofmanymorewaystostore,retrieve,andtransmitinformaMonthatcreatedaneweraofcommunicaMon.

To

DoesAnyoneRemember?

Beepers Payphones

CasseUeTapes

MusicStores

Arcades

5/16/11

6

•  Computers: –  By2000,51%ofAmericanshadahouseholdcomputer.

–  ComputershavedecreasedinsizeastheyhavegrownintheirabilitytostoreandretrieveinformaMon.

–  Internet:revoluMonizedAmericanlife.•  Allowsbusinessestoreachaglobalaudience.

•  ComputersandTheirImpact:–  Dotcomcompanies:increasingonlinebusiness.

–  Computershavereplacedsomehumanworkers,butthegrowthofhigh‐techindustrieshascreatedthousandsofnewjobs.•  ThesejobsdemandahighlevelofeducaMonandskill.

•  ImpactonEducaQon:– ComputersandtheInternetarealargepartofAmericansociety,butsMllachallengetoimplementinschools.

–  Internetisaresearchtool,butstudentsmustevaluatethereliabilityofthisinformaMon.

•  ImpactonForeignAffairs:– NewcommunicaMonsincreasedMesamongnaMons.

–  In2001,only8%oftheworldhadaccesstoInternet,comparedwith60%oftheU.S.

WithcommunicaMonstechnologybecomingmoreavailabletotheworld.TheUnitedStatesisseeingitsdominanceinworldaffairsbeingthreatened.

•  Government:–  Internetcausesconcernaboutprivacy•  Napster:allowedpeopletodownloadmusicforfree;recordindustrythoughtthisshouldbeillegal.

• MicrosoY:Manyseethecompanyasamonopolydrivingothersoutofbusiness.

Getit?

•  TechnologyandDailyLife:– Keepintouchthroughemail,cellphones,andhand‐heldcomputers.

– ShopontheInternet.

Thelidleused“@”signallofthesuddengotasecondleaseoflifewithemail.