TP HUN chuyn bin ng
Din gi: L Th Xun Lan BUI TP HUN
Chuyn BO - T THN BIN NG NI DUNGI. Nhng hiu bit c bn v nh hng ca
bin ng n thin nhin Vit Nam 1. Khi qut v bin ng 2. nh hng ca bin ng
n thin nhin Vit NamII. Din bin tht thng ca bo trong nhng nm gn
yIII. Mt s bin php phng, trnh, ng ph vi bo v p thp nhit i
1. Khi qut v bin ng
S = 3477 triu km2Bin kn, c bao bc bi cc vng cung oBin ng nm
trong vng nhit i m gi ma2. nh hng ca bin ng n thin nhin Vit Nam Kh
hua hnh v cc h sinh thi vng ven binTi nguyn thin nhin vng binThin
tai
a) Kh hu m ln do ma nhiu Gim tnh cht khc nghit ca thi tit Kh hu
mang c tnh hi dng, iu ha hn.b) a hnh v cc HST vng ven bin
a hnh ven bin a dng: b bin mi mn, tam gic chu, bi ct, m ph, cn
ct, vng, vnh, o ven b HST ven bin phong ph: HST rng ngp mn (450
nghn ha), HST trn t phn, HST rng trn cc o,Cc dng a hnh ven b
i Ct Bay
Cn ctMt s hnh nh v m ph
H sinh thi rng ngp mn
c) Ti nguyn thin nhin vng binTi nguyn khong sn: tr lng ln v gi
tr nht l du kh (B Nam Cn Sn, Cu Long,), titan, mui, Ti nguyn hi sn:
2000 loi c, hn 100 loi tm, mc, ph du, san h
C ngMc ngTi nguyn khong snDu kh
Khai thc titan
Sn xut muid) Thin taiBo v p thp nhit iSc l b binCt bay, ct ln Cn
phi s dng hp l TN bin, phng chng nhim MT bin, thin tai,Hnh nh thin
tai bin ng
Ct bay
Sc l b binHin tng ct bay tn cng Tp. Vng Tungy 10/04/2007
Cng nhn v sinh vt v xc ct gii phng mt ng
Ct xm ln ng inh hng ca bo
Bo v p thp nhit i
Bo Durian thng 12 nm 2006Khi nimBo l hin tng c bit nguy him, gy
ra gi rt mnh, c th nh m tu thuyn, lm nh ca; ma rt ln, gy l lt nghim
trng, c khi tr thnh thm haBo v p thp nhit i c gi chung l xoy thun
nhit i. Xoy thun nhit i l mt vng gi xoy, c ng knh rng ti hng trm
km, hnh thnh trn vng bin nhit i17
t t cp 6 n cp 7 (tc l t 39 - 61 km/gi) gi l p thp nhit it t cp 8
tr ln (tc l t 62 km/gi tr ln) gi l boiu kin hnh thnh bo trn mt bin
sn sinh hi ncNn nhit >26,5oC bc hi ncThuc v 5o - 20o c lc quay
ln
mt bin c hi nc bc ln cao, p sut khu vc gip mt nc gim xung, khi
lng khng kh cc vng ln cn s lan vo b sung phn chnh lch p xut. Cng lc
di s nh hng ca lc quay tri t ni s hnh thnh nn mt vng xoy. Khi khng
kh nng bc ln cao gp lnh th ngng t thnh nhng ht nc, qu trnh ny li
gii phng ra nhit lng gip cho tng khng kh thp bn di khng ngng bc ln
cao, phn gip nc bin p sut khng kh li tip tc xung thp, khng kh xoy
chuyn ng cng ngy cng cao. chnh l bo19c im boBo thng km theo ma
nhiuGi thi xoy vo trung tm theo hng ngc chiu kim ng hp sut kh quyn
thp hn 1000mbTc gi ty theo v tr ca tm bo v gi mi trng
bo chuyn ng mt khi khng kh m rt ln. Khng kh m cng ln cao th hi
nc m n cha ng li thnh my v ma cng nhiu, cho nn vng bo khng nhng c
gi mnh m li c my c ph kn v ma nhiu20Cu trc ca bo
ng knh khong 30 - 60 km, l vng tng i lng gi, quang my300 - 500
kmL bc tng my dy xung quanh mt bo, c gi mnh v ma to nht ra ngoi ca
bo,rng hng trm km, chuyn ng xon chm theo hng ngc chiu kim ng h gi
mnh + ma toS di chuyn ca bong di chuyn: hng Ty Ty Bc, Ty Bc, Ty
Nam, cng c khi ng i phc tp ngon ngoo tr ra hng ng - BcQuy lut
chung
Nhng nguy him do bo gy raGi mnhC bo (t cp 8 tr ln), xy ra ngay
pha bn phi ca thnh mt bo nguy him n tnh mng con ngi.Thng suy gim
nhanh khong 12 gi sau khi bo b.
Nhng nguy him do bo gy raMa lMa ln (khong 100 n 300 mm) l lt. Nu
nh cn bo ln v chuyn ng chm th lng ma gy nn s ln hn nhiu.
H thng thot nc ca nhiu thnh ph ven bin c th khng th that nc kp
do a hnh thoi ca cc khu vc ven bin ny. Khi b, mt cn bo trung bnh c
th gy nn tng lng ma khong 100 n 300 mm. Nu nh cn bo ln v chuyn ng
chm th lng ma gy nn s ln hn nhiu24Nhng nguy him do bo gy raT lcCc
cn bo mnh cng c th gy nn t lc tng thm mc tn ph ca bo.Ngoi ra cn c
th km theo ma ging
T lcMa gingII. Din bin tht thng ca bo trong nhng nm gn yTht thng
c v thi gian, a im v tnh cht.
Bnh thngTht thngThng 7Pha BcThng 3-4Pha Nam
Nm 2008Nm 2008, c 3 bn tin nhn nh v xoy thun nhit i (XTN bao gm:
p thp nhit i v bo). Trong 2 bn tin ca H Tng hp Hng Kng v Vin Nghin
cu quc t v KH v XH u cho rng s lng XTN hot ng trn khu vc bin ng,
cao hn mc trung bnh khong 2 cn, t 12 - 15 cn (trung bnh l 12 cn).
Ring trong ma (thng 7, 8, 9) XTN c khong 5 - 6 cn hot ng trn khu vc
bin ng.C th im qua nhng cn bo tht thng trong lch s t 2008 - 2012Nm
2009C cn bo s 9 b vo min Trung Vit Nam cui thng 9/2009, c nh gi l
cn bo mnh nht trong lch s 45 nm qua ti Vit Nam vi nhiu tn tht v ngi
v ca. 162 ngi cht thit hi 14,3 ngn t ng Nhng con s kinh khng do cn
bo kinh hong gy ra i vi khc rut min Trung Vit Nam, vi t nc Vit Nam
nh b.Nm 2010Nhn chung trn c nc, ma ma bo nm 2010 kt thc mun so vi
trung bnh nhiu nm, khong cui thng 10. c bit, s cn bo hot ng trn khu
vc Bin ng t hn trung bnh nhiu nm, khong 10 - 12 cn trong khi trung
bnh 14 - 15 cn. Tuy nhin, s cn bo, p thp nhit i nh hng trc tip n
Vit Nam li cao hn, khong 6-7 cn trong khi trung bnh hng nm ch c 5-
6 cn. Cng cc cn bo cng mnh v din bin c bit phc tp khi vo cc tnh min
Trung. Nm 2010 c nhng cn bo mnh cp 14 - 15 nh hng n nc ta v tp
trung vo cui ma.Nm 2012Nm 2012 c d bo l bo vp thp nhitihot ng trn
khu vc Bin ng c kh nng nhiu hn trung bnh nhiu nm v xut hin sm hn so
vi quy lut hng nm.iuny c minh chng khi cn bo s 1 xut hin ngay t cui
thng 3. c bit hn, cn bo u ma ny li xut hin ti cc tnh pha Nam ch
khng phi min Bc hay min Trung nh mi nm.Cn bo s 1 him gp ny cng gy
thit hi kh nng n cho 7 tnh pha nam k c v ngi v ti sn.
Nhng hnh nh v cn bo bt thng-bo s 1-nm 2012
ng i ca bo s 1-nm 2012Bo trn ph Ct LiHu qu li sau cn bo
III. Mt s bin php phng, trnh, ng ph vi bo v p thp nhit i1. Trc
ma ma boNh Cng trnh xy dngCy xanhin, vin thngPhng tin, tu thuynCng
trnh phc v sn xut nng, lm, ng nghipGiao thng
Cn tng cng d bo v a thng tin sm, kp thiTuy nhin, khng c d bo no
ng 100%, d bo ng nht t nhng i mnh trn th gii cng khong 65-70%, vn
cn 35-30% d bo sai. D bo ng trong d bo di hn l iu khng tng. Hin ti,
Vit Nam cng cha c mt m hnh d bo no d bo c s lng cn bo nh hng n Vit
Nam, m ch d bo c s lng bo hot ng trn bin ng.
33a. Nh -Xy dng cc nh kin c, thng xuyn chng chng nh ca tng vng
chc nhm phng bo, p thp nhit i. cc ca bin, ven bin, ni trng tri, nu
nh lp bng l, tn trng km, fibro xi mng, ngi c th dn ln mi nh cc loi
thanh np bng g, st, dy km c ln hoc cc bao cha ct hn ch tc mi khi c
bo, p thp nhit i.-Mt s bin php chng chng nh ca:i vi nh mi l: dng
ging ch A v dy neo chng tc mi, nh.
K thut chng chng tc mi, nh
i vi nh mi tn, fibro xi mng
Chng tc mi tn, fibro xi mng bng bao ct
i vi nh mi ngi
Hm tr nKinh nghim mt s vng thng xuyn c bo, p thp nhit i bo m an
ton tnh mng, ngi ta lm hm tr n nh sau: Tm mt vng t cao khng b ngp
nc, xung quanh khng c ct in, cy ci ln. Sau o su khu t xung khong
0,5m, dng bao ct chn xung quanh dy 2-3 lp cao khong 1,5m, khng nn
chn cao phng gi cun, pha trn ph bng vt liu nh. Ty theo rng, mi hm
nh vy c th cho vi chc ngi tr n kh an ton.
b. Cng trnh xy dngSa cha nhng cng trnh xung cp khng m bo an ton,
nht l chung c c.Khi xy dng cng trnh mi cn tnh ton n kh nng chu lc
ca cng trnh trc s tc ng ca gi bo, p thp nhit i.
c. Cy xanhCht ta cnh, nhnh ca cc cy cao, d gy , mc rng, nm gn nh
, li inC k hoch trng cy xanh hp l, va m bo to cnh quan, mi trng
sinh thi, va m bo chng c gi bo, p thp nhit i.d. in, vin thngDuy tu,
sa cha ng dy in, ng dy vin thng khng m bo an ton v tng bc ngm ha h
thng ng dy in, ng dy vin thng, nht l khu vc ni thnh.e. Phng tin, tu
thuynKim tra s lng tu thuyn, kim tra ng kim, ng trng hot ng ca tu
thuyn. i vi cc tu thuyn khng t tiu chun cht lng, s khng gia hn hot
ng; i vi cc tu thuyn khng trang b cc phng tin an ton th buc ch tu
thuyn phi trang b mi c gia hn hot ng. M cc lp bi dng nghip v i bin,
o to thuyn trng hng nh cho ng dn.
f. Cng trnh phc v sn xut nng, lm, ng nghipKim tra, gia c b vng,
b tha, sa cha cc p, cng bng, trang b li cc np cng b h hng, b sung
np cng cn thiu. Kim tra v sa cha cc my bm, trm bm tiu, no vt knh
mng nhm bo v sn xut, bo v ao h nui trng thy sn.
g. Giao thngKim tra h thng thot nc, no vt cc h ga, cng rnh b bi
lng, lp t mi h thng cng nhm m bo cho vic tiu thot nc trong ma ma
bo;Kim tra, nng cp, sa cha cc cy cu yu, khng m bo an ton;Kim tra
hot ng ca cc bn ngang, dc, nht l vic trang b cc thit b an ton v ti
trng cho php ca cc
2. ng ph vi bo, p thp nhit iang trong nh kin cang trong nh khng
kin cang i trn ngang trn tu thuynD tr thc n, nc ungCh ng thu
hoch
2. ng ph vi bo, p thp nhit iang trong nh kin cBt kn ca v cc khe
ca, ca cng kn gi th chng bo, p thp nhit i cng tt, v vy phi ng kn ca
trnh gi thi tc vo nh. Nh kin c vn c th b tn ph, cho d khng b
sp.
Khng ra ngoi khi c ma to, gi mnh trnh b cy ng ln ngi, gi qut ng
hay tn bay chm vo ngi. Cn ch , khi tm bo, p thp nhit i n th gi v ma
ngng hn, tri quang my tnh, nhng ngay sau gi, ma li ni ln vi hng ngc
li.V vy sau vi gi bo, p thp nhit i i qua mi nn ri khi nh.
b. ang trong nh khng kin cNn ch ng s tn n cc nh kin c, cc cng
trnh cng cng kin c nh tr s c quan nh nc, trng hc, trm y t, nh vn ha
tr n; tuyt i khng li trn cc chi canh, lng b nui trng hi sn;Nu c o
hm tr n th phi nhanh chng s tn xung hm.
c. ang i trn ngNhanh chng chn mt ni an ton nh tr s c quan nh nc,
trng hc, trm y t, nh vn ha tr n. Trnh np di bng cy, nh tm b, nhng
ni c nhiu bng hiu qung co d gy tai nn.d. ang trn tu thuynThng xuyn
theo di tin d bo thi tit trn cc phng tin thng tin, h thng tn hiu bo
bo, ng thi ch quan st bu tri v mt bin nhn bit thi tit. Khi nhn c
tin bo, p thp nhit i th ty thuc vo v tr ca tu thuyn ang hot ng, v
tr cng hng di chuyn ca bo, p thp nhit i m kp thi cho tu thuyn vo b
hoc trnh xa vng nh hng ca bo, p thp nhit i.
e. D tr thc n, nc ungD tr thc n, nc ungcho gia nh ti thiu 07 n
10 ngy.Chun b cc loi m bo nh sng nh n du, n pin, hp gaz, v khi bo,
p thp nhit i nh hng c th gy mt in.Chun b thuc cha bnh thng thng s
dng, v bo, p thp nhit i b s gy ma to, c th gy ngp lt lm ngun nc b
nhim gy dch bnhf. Ch ng thu hochCh ng thu hochcc sn phm nng nghip,
sn phm nui trng thy, hi sn trc khi bo, p thp nhit i b gim thiu thit
hi.THE END!
