Download ppt - B4Unit 2 词汇练习

Smart CarsSmart Cars

By Michio KakuBy Michio Kaku

Time allotmentTime allotment

• Warming Up

• Text Explanation

• Writing strategy of Resume

Warming UpWarming Up

• Automobile( 美 ) 各种机动车总称

• Car( 英 ) 尤指小轿车( 美 ) 小轿车，四轮马车

• Sedan( 美 ) 小轿车，箱式小客车

Types of AutomobileTypes of Automobile

• Convertible敞篷双门轿跑车

• SUV-Sports Utility Vehicle多功能运动车

• Off-road vehicle越野车

• Sports Coupe硬顶跑车

Types of AutomobileTypes of Automobile

• MPV-Multi-Purpose Vehicle 多功能车

• Classical car老爷车

• Recreational Car房车

• Conceptual Car概念车

• Pick-up 皮卡 ( 小卡车 )

Automobile BrandsAutomobile Brands

• Ferrari• Citreoen• Peugeot• Mitsubishi• Honda• Toyota• Porsche• Chevrolet• Volkswagen• Ford• Buick• Lamborghini• Rolls Royce

• BMW-Bavarian Motor Works 宝马

• Jaguar 捷豹• Benz 奔驰• Hummer 悍马

( 原意为“蜂鸟”，悍马多数为大型吉普车、房车 )

• Cadillac 凯迪拉克the Cadillac of sth 一流的，最好的，顶级的

BrainstormingBrainstorming

• What functions do you think a smart car should have?Discuss and list

• Let’s take a look at an intelligent car in a movie.

Unit 2 Text A Smart CarsUnit 2 Text A Smart Cars

• Excerpted from Excerpted from Visions: ‘Visions: ‘How Science How Science Will Revolutionize the Will Revolutionize the 2121stst Century Century’’

• Michio KakuMichio Kaku• An internationally recognized aAn internationally recognized a

uthority in theoretical physics uthority in theoretical physics and environmentand environment

• A professor of theoretical PhysA professor of theoretical Physics at the City College and Graics at the City College and Graduate Center of City University duate Center of City University in New York in New York

Smart CarsSmart CarsText OrganizationText Organization

• Part One—(Paras 1-3)Part One—(Paras 1-3)

• Part Two—(Paras 4-9)Part Two—(Paras 4-9)

• Part Three—(Paras 10-13)Part Three—(Paras 10-13)

Part One, Paragraph 2Part One, Paragraph 2Language PointsLanguage Points

• LucrativeLucrative (L4): adj. producing much money (L4): adj. producing much moneysyn.—profitablesyn.—profitable

- lucrative business / market / contract / job

The lobbies of Baghdad's five-star hotels are packed with businessmen fighting over lucrative contracts.

There is still an illegal but lucrative trade in ivory between Africa and South-East Asia.


• presentlypresently (L5): adv. (L5): adv. especially American Englishespecially American English a at the present time, (syn.-now);t the present time, (syn.-now);in a short time, (syn-soon)in a short time, (syn-soon)

- This is a relatively clean source of energy compared to presently available nuclear power.

- Tea will be served presently.


• ManufactureManufacture (L7): v. 1) make goods on a large (L7): v. 1) make goods on a large scale using machineryscale using machinery

- The car was designed, developed, and manufactured in collaboration with Honda.

2) n.- During World War II, steel supplies were used

in the manufacture of weapons.- This country imports many foreign manufactu

res. (pl) 制造品，产品Cf- manufacturer 制造商

Part One, Paragraph 3Part One, Paragraph 3Background InformationBackground Information

• ITSITS (L13): (L13): Intelligent transportation systems; eIntelligent transportation systems; encompass a broad range of wireless and wireline communications-based information, control and electronics technologies.

- Functions of ITS:Help monitor and manage traffic flowReduce congestionProvide alternate routes to travelersEnhance productivitySave lives, time and money.

- Examples of Intelligent transportations systems include: Advanced Traveler Information SystemsAdvanced Traffic Management SystemsIncident Management Systems

Part One, Paragraph 2Part One, Paragraph 2ExerciseExercise

• L4: The automobile industry ranks L4: The automobile industry ranks as amongas among the most lucrative and powerful industries…the most lucrative and powerful industries…=rank as one of …=rank as one of …

• Rank as / amongRank as / amongToday's match Today's match ranks asranks as one of the most one of the most exciting games that these two have ever exciting games that these two have ever played.played.We We rank amongrank among the safest countries in the the safest countries in the world.world.

- Double preposition—Ex P52

Part OnePart OneQuestionQuestion

• How important was the automobile industry in the twentieth How important was the automobile industry in the twentieth century?century?

• What will happen to cars and roads in the twenty-first century?What will happen to cars and roads in the twenty-first century?

• Main idea of Part One:Main idea of Part One: New technology will have a dramatic impact on cars and highways New technology will have a dramatic impact on cars and highways

in the 21in the 21stst century. century.

Part Two, Paragraph 4Part Two, Paragraph 4Language PointsLanguage Points

• eliminateeliminate (L19): v. to completely get rid of sth. th (L19): v. to completely get rid of sth. that is unnecessary or unwanted; to defeat a team at is unnecessary or unwanted; to defeat a team or person in a competitionor person in a competition 淘汰淘汰

• ~ sth~ sth: eliminate a need/possibility/risk/problem: eliminate a need/possibility/risk/problem- The credit card eliminates the need for cash or cThe credit card eliminates the need for cash or c

hecks.hecks.• eliminate sth/sb from stheliminate sth/sb from sth- Their team was eliminated from the World Cup iTheir team was eliminated from the World Cup i

n the first round.n the first round.Cf-Select the superior and eliminate the inferior (sCf-Select the superior and eliminate the inferior (s

urvival of the fittest)urvival of the fittest) 优胜劣汰优胜劣汰


• vaporvapor (L21): n. (L21): n.- The atmosphere always contains some moisture in the form of water vapor.The atmosphere always contains some moisture in the form of water vapor.

• in the air in the air (L21): in the earth’s atmosphere; if a feeling is in the air, a lot of people feel it at the same time(L21): in the earth’s atmosphere; if a feeling is in the air, a lot of people feel it at the same time• Or Or be (up) in the airbe (up) in the air: uncertain, not yet decided: uncertain, not yet decided- There is a strong smell of burning in the air before the eruption of the volcano.There is a strong smell of burning in the air before the eruption of the volcano.- There was a sense of excitement in the air.There was a sense of excitement in the air.- Our trip is still very much (up) in the air.Our trip is still very much (up) in the air.

Cf- be on / off (the) airCf- be on / off (the) air 广播广播 // 停播停播 put on airsput on airs 摆架子摆架子 airs and gracesairs and graces 装腔作势装腔作势


• start upstart up (L21): if an engine, car etc starts up, or you start it up, it begins workin (L21): if an engine, car etc starts up, or you start it up, it begins working; g; 发动发动

if you start up a business, company etc, or it starts up, it begins to exist; if you start up a business, company etc, or it starts up, it begins to exist; 创办创办 if a sound, activity, or event starts up, it begins to exist or happen; if a sound, activity, or event starts up, it begins to exist or happen; 发生发生

- Tax breaks help new companies start up.Tax breaks help new companies start up.- The anti-virus icon should appear whenever you start up your computer.The anti-virus icon should appear whenever you start up your computer.


• alertalert (L22) v. (L22) v.alert sb; alert sb to sthalert sb; alert sb to sth

- One fireman alerted the residents and helped them to safety.One fireman alerted the residents and helped them to safety.- Campaigns have been carried out to alert the public to the dangers of HIV.Campaigns have been carried out to alert the public to the dangers of HIV.adj. be alert to sth.adj. be alert to sth. - The authorities should have been alert to the possibility of invasion.The authorities should have been alert to the possibility of invasion.n. be on the alert for sth. / sb.n. be on the alert for sth. / sb.- Be on the alert for anyone acting suspiciously.Be on the alert for anyone acting suspiciously. on full alert / on high alerton full alert / on high alert (=completely ready to deal with a dangerous situation) (=completely ready to deal with a dangerous situation)

Part Two, Paragraph 4Part Two, Paragraph 4Background InformationBackground Information

• The latest “personal The latest “personal police” system that police” system that prevents drunk prevents drunk drivingdriving

Part Two, Paragraph 5Part Two, Paragraph 5Background InformationBackground Information

• Blind spotBlind spot (L27): (L27):1) the part of road that a driver cannot see fro1) the part of road that a driver cannot see from the rear-view mirrorm the rear-view mirror

2) sth that you are unable or unwilling to und2) sth that you are unable or unwilling to understanderstandI have a blind spot where computers are concI have a blind spot where computers are concerned.erned.

Part Two, Paragraph 6Part Two, Paragraph 6Language pointsLanguage points

• prototypeprototype (L29): n. the first model or design o (L29): n. the first model or design of sth. from which other forms are copied or df sth. from which other forms are copied or developed eveloped 原型原型

- Bell uttered to his assistant the words, “Mr. Bell uttered to his assistant the words, “Mr. Watson, come here; I want you,” using a protWatson, come here; I want you,” using a prototype telephone.otype telephone.


• monotonousmonotonous (L31): adj. boring because of (L31): adj. boring because of always being the samealways being the same

- Robots are used in Robots are used in repetitive, monotonous repetitive, monotonous taskstasks in which human performance might in which human performance might degrade over time.degrade over time.

- The explorers lived on The explorers lived on monotonous dietmonotonous diet of of rice and vegetables.rice and vegetables.


• grosslygrossly (L32): adv. extremely (L32): adv. extremely- Medical records were found to be grossly inaMedical records were found to be grossly ina

dequate.dequate.

Cf- Cf- grossgross adj. 1) adj. 1) 总的，毛的总的，毛的 ant.– netant.– net

Gross profit / weight GDP GNPGross profit / weight GDP GNP

2) clearly wrong and unacceptable2) clearly wrong and unacceptable

soldiers accused of gross violations of humasoldiers accused of gross violations of human rightsn rights


• hazardhazard (L33): n. a danger or risk (L33): n. a danger or risk

Hazard to/for sth.Hazard to/for sth.- Polluted water sources are a hazard to wildlifPolluted water sources are a hazard to wildlif

e.e.

health/safety hazardhealth/safety hazard

- The lead in old paints is a real health hazard.- The lead in old paints is a real health hazard.

Cf.- Cf.- hazardoushazardous adj. adj.

be hazardous to healthbe hazardous to health


• train sth on/at sb/sth. train sth on/at sb/sth. (L34): aim sth such as (L34): aim sth such as a gun or camera at sb or stha gun or camera at sb or sth

- She trained her binoculars on the bird.She trained her binoculars on the bird.- Train one’s gun on the enemyTrain one’s gun on the enemy


• Get/be stuck in sth. Get/be stuck in sth. (L38): impossible or unab(L38): impossible or unable to move; le to move; informalinformal unable to escape from a b unable to escape from a bad or boring situationad or boring situation

- Getting stuck in the traffic for two hours, JohGetting stuck in the traffic for two hours, John was late for his first date with Annie.n was late for his first date with Annie.

- Mum resented being stuck at home with two Mum resented being stuck at home with two young kids.young kids.

Part Two, Paragraph 7Part Two, Paragraph 7Cultural NotesCultural Notes

• Navstar-Navstar-24 navigation satellites24 navigation satellites

• GPS-GPS-Global Positioning Global Positioning SystemSystem

Part Two, Paragraph 7Part Two, Paragraph 7ExerciseExercise

• They make it possible They make it possible (L43): review the sente(L43): review the sentence structure—nce structure—v + it + adj. + to do sth.v + it + adj. + to do sth.

• ““it”it”: used as object of a verb when the real o: used as object of a verb when the real object is later in the sentencebject is later in the sentence

- P52 structure exerciseP52 structure exercise


• vibrate vibrate (L46): v. (cause sth to) move rapidly a(L46): v. (cause sth to) move rapidly and continuously backwards and forwards; shnd continuously backwards and forwards; shakeake

- The floor was vibrating to the beat of the musThe floor was vibrating to the beat of the music.ic.

- Microwave ovens operate by agitating the waMicrowave ovens operate by agitating the water molecules in the food, causing them to viter molecules in the food, causing them to vibrate, which produce heat.brate, which produce heat.

- Cf- n. Cf- n. vibrationvibration

Part Two, Paragraph 8 and 9Part Two, Paragraph 8 and 9Language pointsLanguage points

• convert convert (L52): v. to change sth into a different form o(L52): v. to change sth into a different form of thing, or to change sth so that it can be used for a df thing, or to change sth so that it can be used for a different purpose or in a different wayifferent purpose or in a different way

• Convert sth. into/to sthConvert sth. into/to sth- Stocks can be easily converted to cash.Stocks can be easily converted to cash.- Solar cooking requires a dark pot to absorb the sun’Solar cooking requires a dark pot to absorb the sun’

s rays and convert them into heat energy.s rays and convert them into heat energy.

- Cf- adj. Cf- adj. convertibleconvertible

a convertible currencya convertible currency

a convertible sofaa convertible sofa

Part Two, Paragraph 9Part Two, Paragraph 9Background informationBackground information

• Japan’s smart car Japan’s smart car systemsystemAssociated Press Associated Press December 27, 2004December 27, 2004

• Our CountryOur CountryV-type Smart Car by QinghV-type Smart Car by Qinghua Universityua University

Part Two, Paragraph 8 and 9Part Two, Paragraph 8 and 9Language pointsLanguage points

• Correlate Correlate (L54): v. have a mutual relationship or con(L54): v. have a mutual relationship or connection, in which one thing affects or depends on annection, in which one thing affects or depends on anotherother

• Correlate (strongly/significantly/closely) with/to sthCorrelate (strongly/significantly/closely) with/to sth- Poverty and poor housing correlate with a shorter lifPoverty and poor housing correlate with a shorter lif

e expectancy.e expectancy.- Obesity correlates closely with increased risk of stroObesity correlates closely with increased risk of stro

ke.ke.

- Cf- n. Cf- n. correlationcorrelation

There is a There is a direct correlation betweendirect correlation between the best-known the best-known brands and the best-selling brands.brands and the best-selling brands.

Part TwoPart TwoText OrganizationText Organization

• Functions brought by Advanced technology Functions brought by Advanced technology

eliminate traffic eliminate traffic accidentsaccidents

warn of traffic warn of traffic jamsjams

determine car’s determine car’s precise locationsprecise locations

Paras 4-6Paras 4-6

• drunk electronic sensorsdrunk electronic sensors

• driving warning radarsdriving warning radars

• sleepy driving monitoring camerasleepy driving monitoring camera

Paras 7Paras 7

Paras 8-9Paras 8-9• time taken for signal from time taken for signal from satellite to arrivesatellite to arrive

• rotations in the steering wheel rotations in the steering wheel and position on mapand position on map

• sensors in cars tuned to radio signsensors in cars tuned to radio signals from Navstar for traffic jamsals from Navstar for traffic jams

• Main idea of part two Main idea of part two

Part Three, Paragraph 10Part Three, Paragraph 10Language pointsLanguage points

• drastically drastically (L56): adv.(L56): adv.Drastic adj: extreme and sudden, having a strong Drastic adj: extreme and sudden, having a strong or violent effector violent effect

- The size of the government was The size of the government was drasticallydrastically cut. cut. (( 大幅削减大幅削减 ))

- Drastic changesDrastic changes are needed if environmental cata are needed if environmental catastrophe is to be avoided.(strophe is to be avoided.( 彻底改变彻底改变 ))

- NATO threatened NATO threatened drastic actiondrastic action if its terms were if its terms were not met.(not met.( 严厉措施严厉措施 ))


• Be poised to Be poised to (L57): be ready to take action at (L57): be ready to take action at any momentany moment

- The automobile company is poised to launch The automobile company is poised to launch its new advertising campaign.its new advertising campaign.

- The company seems The company seems poised forpoised for success. success.- The economy is The economy is poised on the edge/brink ofpoised on the edge/brink of

collapse.collapse.


• explode explode (L58): v. 1) to suddenly increase gre(L58): v. 1) to suddenly increase greatly in number, amount, or degreeatly in number, amount, or degreesyn.-rocketsyn.-rocket

- Florida's population exploded after World WaFlorida's population exploded after World War II.r II.

2) to suddenly express strong feelings such 2) to suddenly express strong feelings such as angeras anger

- He told a joke which made Hank explode with He told a joke which made Hank explode with laughter.laughter.

Part Three, Paragraph 11Part Three, Paragraph 11ExerciseExercise

• ““telematics” telematics” (L62): abbreviation (L62): abbreviation Exercise P49 Word FormationExercise P49 Word Formation

AbbreviationAbbreviation

Initialism WTO, WHO

AcronymNATO, APEC, AIDS

Clipping Ad, lab, math

Blending Smog, motel

Part Three, Paragraph 11Part Three, Paragraph 11Cultural NotesCultural Notes

• Highway Highway (L63): (L63): 公路，国道公路，国道• Expressway Expressway 高速公路高速公路• Underground / subwayUnderground / subway• Light rail (elevated railway)Light rail (elevated railway)• Inner-ring roadInner-ring road• Outer-ring roadOuter-ring road• Elevated road; viaduct Elevated road; viaduct 高架高架• Over-pass Over-pass 天桥天桥• Mag-lev train: Magnetically levitated trainMag-lev train: Magnetically levitated train

Part Three, Paragraph 11Part Three, Paragraph 11Language PointsLanguage Points

• mount mount (L65): v. (L65): v. 1)1) to fix (sth.) in position for use, displa to fix (sth.) in position for use, display or studyy or study

• The ship mounts eight cannons.The ship mounts eight cannons.

2)2) go up stairs go up stairs• A car suddenly mounted the pavement to avoid a vehicA car suddenly mounted the pavement to avoid a vehic

le coming in the opposite direction.le coming in the opposite direction.

3)3) to plan, organize, and begin an event or a course of to plan, organize, and begin an event or a course of actionaction

• Guerrillas have Guerrillas have mounted an attackmounted an attack on the capital. on the capital.

4)4) to increase gradually in amount or degree to increase gradually in amount or degree• Casualties on both sides of the battle have continued tCasualties on both sides of the battle have continued t

o mount.o mount.


• magnetic magnetic (L70): adj. having the properties of a (L70): adj. having the properties of a magnetmagnet

• magnetic forcemagnetic force• magnetic fieldmagnetic field• magnetic personality/charm (qualities that makmagnetic personality/charm (qualities that mak

e other people feel strongly attracted to you)e other people feel strongly attracted to you) 有有魅力的，有吸引力的魅力的，有吸引力的

- To be a successful businessman you must be To be a successful businessman you must be enthusiastic and magnetic.enthusiastic and magnetic.


• bunch bunch (L71): v. group together (both active and (L71): v. group together (both active and passive)passive)

• bunch together, bunch upbunch together, bunch up- They bunched together to allow others to squeThey bunched together to allow others to sque

eze into the crowded elevator.eze into the crowded elevator.

cf- n.cf- n. 束，串，群束，串，群- a bunch of flowers / keys / grapesa bunch of flowers / keys / grapes- a bunch of people = a group of peoplea bunch of people = a group of people


• incorporate incorporate (L75): v. to include sth as part of a (L75): v. to include sth as part of a group, system, plan etcgroup, system, plan etc

• incorporate sth. into/in sth.incorporate sth. into/in sth.- We've incorporated many environmentally-frieWe've incorporated many environmentally-frie

ndly features into the design of the building.ndly features into the design of the building.- They laid down a health club incorporating a gThey laid down a health club incorporating a g

ym, sauna and steam room.ym, sauna and steam room.


• boon boon (L79): n. sth that is very useful and make(L79): n. sth that is very useful and makes your life a lot easier or betters your life a lot easier or better

- A recently acquired photo-copier has proved a A recently acquired photo-copier has proved a great time-saving boon for note taking.great time-saving boon for note taking.

- Toronto’s loss is a boon to the other candidate Toronto’s loss is a boon to the other candidate cities hoping to host the 2012 Summer Olympicities hoping to host the 2012 Summer Olympics.cs.

- boon companion: boon companion: literaryliterary a close friend a close friend 好友好友

Part ThreePart ThreeQuestionsQuestions

• What technology is used in building smart highWhat technology is used in building smart highways?ways?

• What are the advantages of smart highways?What are the advantages of smart highways?

• Main idea of Part ThreeMain idea of Part Three::• GPS and “telematics” will make it possible to bGPS and “telematics” will make it possible to b

uild smart highways, which will benefit us in muild smart highways, which will benefit us in more than one way.ore than one way.

Writing StrategyWriting StrategyHow to write a resumeHow to write a resume

• A resume is a concise business-style report A resume is a concise business-style report that displays your job qualifications to a that displays your job qualifications to a prospective employer. Typically, information is prospective employer. Typically, information is grouped under six headings. P69grouped under six headings. P69

- Headings - Employment Objective- Education- Employment Experience- Professional Interests- References

Writing StrategyWriting StrategyHow to write a resumeHow to write a resume

• Some tips:Some tips:- Keep your resume brief and to the point - Try to fit your resume on one page. Use two

pages only if your experience is extensive- Avoid personal pronouns (don’t use “I”)- If you are using the chronological format, list

your most recent experience- If you are using the skills format, begin with

your strongest and most relevant experience

Writing StrategyWriting StrategyHowHow to write a resumeto write a resume

• Useful websites for job-hunting :Useful websites for job-hunting :- www.zhaopin.com.cn- www.51job.com.cn

Has a printed newspaper named career post (Qian Cheng weekly)

- www.china-hr.com- www.1stjob.net

the target reader is graduate student- www.onchina.com- www.chinacareer.com- www.jobcenter.com.cn

focus on IT talent, links to other job-hunting web site- www.hr.com.cn

http://www.zhaopin.com.cn/

ExercisesExercises

• Multiple ChoicesMultiple Choices