Hello, my name is Tomomi Kudo. I’m working in Janpan Non Profit Organization. I’m going to presentation about…
・Population:127 million・Area: 37,790,000 ha・Capital : Tokyo
About Japan
Tokyo
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・I think you already know, I would like to introduce about Japan. ・Japan is located in Northern hemisphere. ・And here is Korea, here is North Korea and China, Russia. ・Population is 127million, then vertical length is almost same as western coast of America. ・And Capital city is Tokyo. ・My living and working place is Hokkaido where is Northern part of Japan.
About Hokkaido
Sapporo
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・We have a lot of untouched nature. ・This is one of the reason that I wanted to move from near Tokyo. ・Here is Sapporo which is very big city. ・Recently, I can see many foreigners. ・The reason why Hokkaido is popular with foreigners is we can see snow in winter and we have huge landscape. ・And this island is only one prefecture but including 5 National park and 5 semi National Park.
・For example, we have Blakiston’s fish and Brown bear and Steller’s sea eagle. ・These are very big animal either. ・Blakiston’ｓ fish owl lived in whole area of Hokkaido about 100 years ago. ・But this owl needs huge tree to breeding. ・So now, we have only 50 pairs.
Research ＆
SurveyEnvironmental
Education
Data&
Info. SharingInternational Cooperation
PolicyAdvocacy
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・Our Office located in Sapporo city and very small structure. ・But we try to approach for conservation mainly Hokkaido island. ・These 5 missions are our main activity. ・Today, I would like to talk about one of project concern to research & survey , Data & Info.Sharing.
Sika deer(Cervus Nippon)
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We have big problem that is about Sika deer’s population. We have one species of deer. This picture’s deers are all Sika deer living in japan. But Body size is different depends on area. Southern part of Japan, this island have this Sika deer. 120cm 30kg.Very small subspecies. This one is living in mainland and these 2 islands. Then, Hokkaido’s deer is the biggest deer in this species. We have this one. Male deer is about 180cm and 180kg.
Population Change
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Agriculture and Forestry damage costs (Billion of ￥)Estimated number of deer (Million deer)Number of captured deer (Million deer)
1 dollar = 110 yen
(year)
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Recently, it has been proven that an increase in population size influence the environment in number of ways. This is Sika deer’s population after 2000. Over 2 yeas old’s female Sika deer can pregnant almost 100％. If we do nothing, population to be double in 4 years.
Factor of population change
■PredatorSika deer’s predator, wolf was extinct 100 years ago.
■HunterHunter’s population is tend to decreasing and aging.
■Climate changeRecently, we have less much snow in winter.
So that Sika deer doesn’t bother feeding and moving.
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Why Sika deer’s population is increasing. Mainly, we have 3 causes. In 100 years ago, we have wolf. But people kill them in order to protect farm animals. Then, Sika deer’s predator was extinct. Second, Sika deer is popular hunting animals, but recently Hunter’s population is decreasing and aging. Third, Recently, we have not too much snow in winter. So that Sika deer doesn’t bother feeding and moving.
Influence By Population Change
Traffic accident
Feeding Pasture
Eating rare species
Vegetation damage
Eating Bark
Eating specific species FarmerWild life animals
Forest Owner
Biodiversity
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Influence by Sika deer’s population change is roughly divided into “Vegetation change” and ”Traffic accident” If they feed a lot of rare species will affect landscape and biodiversity. Sika deer tend to eat up favorite vegetation, so that birds can’t live in bush, then insects and small animal’s population is increasing because their predator’s population is decreasing. And feeding pasture is very serious problem for farmer. Daily farming is one of the main industry in Hokkaido. And if they feeding bark one around, that tree can’t growing anymore. And traffic accident will be increasing with increasing of Sika deer’s population. Mainly, Car and Train. Then , nowadays, many organization and university try to many countermeasures. Setting deer fence, population control, promotion of eat deer meet, like that. ・個体数調整 ・食肉利用の促進 ・防鹿柵 ・皮守る
GPS Collar
We can see data any time,If you can use internet.
Satelite
Sending Data
Sending Data
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Then, I would like to introduce result of analysis using GPS collar data. The Ministry of the Environment have fitted a number of Sika deer with GPS collars in a number of locations in Hokkaido, clarifying movement patterns. After we fit collar for deer, data sending for satellite, then we can see and download this data on internet. We can setting interval of get data. In this case , we can get data every 3 hours.
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GPS Collar Data
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・Eastern part of Hokkaido is the best highest density of Sika deer. ・This case, we caught deer living around wetland in winter. ・Winter is about December to February. ・This wetland has been specified National Park. ・We fit collar for 10 deer in this area in 2015. ・I set color each deer individual. ・In February, Deer was caught in this area, and move to summer habitat. ・Then, I considered about some deer may select forest area to move. ・道東は、北海道で最もエゾシカの個体数密度が高く、被害も多い地域。 ・よって先進事例も多く、首輪も多くつけられている。 ・今回は、冬を湿原で過ごす個体のGPS首輪の記録結果をお伝えする。 ・日本でいう冬とは、12月～2月頃のことをいう。 ・ここにある沼付近をターゲットとした場所では、2015年で、計10頭のエゾシカに首輪がつけられた。 ・オレンジのエリアが湿原である ・これらは個体ごとに色分けをした図である。 ・2月頃にここで捕まえて、夏の生息地に向けて、ほとんどの個体が移動をしているのが分かる。 ・データを見てみると、雪が溶け始めた4月～5月頃に一気に移動する。 ・移動距離は約100kmほどだが、個体によっては2日か３日程度で移動を終える。 ・どういった場所を選んで移動をしているのか？経験と、データから、森林を選んでいるのではという予測をたて、解析をした。
Forest Area & Not Forest Area
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・So I analyzed deer movement route and what area they use. ・I divided into forest area & other area using vegetation map. ・Forest area is pointing out conifer. ・Almost conifer aren’t lose their leaves, so that Sika deer can hide from people and keep out snow. ・So this green area is conifer forests and this grey area is other area. ・Other area mean is pasture or other vegetation.
Around Pasture Area
Forest Density
Forest Density & GPS points
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Number of Point Density(n = 3918)
1084 points are located Forest Density 100% area.
127 points
1084 points
Importance Of GPS Data
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・We can grasp the effective migration route, if we fit GPS collar for Sika deer. ・It is impossible to estimate Sika deer’s migrate if we don’t get GPS tracking data. ・So that we have to use GPS data effectively. ・But now, we have one more problem. ・That is share of data. ・Several organization try to fit collars for Sika deer follow the problem of Sika deer’s population is increasing. ・Even if different place for catch deer, ・But still we can’t share these data.
