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Shrimp Genetic
Improvement Center
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The Shrimp Genetic Improvement Center (SGIC) was founded undera cooperation of three Thai governmental institutes: the Ministry of
Science and Technology represented by the National Center for Genetic
Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC) National Science andTechnology Development Agency, Prince of Songkla University and
Mahidol University. The center provides research and production facilities
for the selective breeding program of the black tiger shrimp Penaeus
monodon, and is set to become the Nucleus Breeding Center
(NBC) of this highly economic and indigenous species
of the Indo-Pacific Ocean.
Introduction
As a NBC, SGIC rears different families for P. monodon, from
nauplius stage to broodstock. These families are cross-breed to provide
new generations of shrimp that show improved growth rate, disease
resistance, and other industrially required traits. The shrimp (F1) are
specific pathogen-free (SPF), and are generated from offspring (F0) of wild
(W) broodstocks, kept in a quarantine located outside SGIC. From the
NBC, postlarvae (PL) of two selected families are sent to the Broodstock
Multiplication Center (BMC), which is also located outside SGIC. The PLsare reared in the BMC to become broodstocks, which are cross-breed to
provide nauplii and PLs for shrimp farmers.
50 pairs of wild
broodstocksFounders
Selective
breeding
program
NBC BMCQuarantine
2 selected
families
F2...F1F0W
Production of high
number of best
broodstocks
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Practical Objectives
TostockdifferentP. monodon families,startingfromatleast50wildfounders.
To reach a state of self-sustainability.
The period of operation for SGIC is
estimated at 15 years. This is divided intotwophases:
Initial Phase: Construction of facilitiesandshrimpfamilyestablishment,2003-
2008.
Progressive Phase: Genetic selectionandbroodstockprovision,2008-2018.
General Objectives To stock and cross-breed different families of
P. monodonandothertropicalshrimpspecies
To provide SPF P. monodon broodstocks withfavorabletraits,suchashighgrowthrate,disease
resistance,etc.totheshrimpindustry
Toprovideresearchfacilitiesforhighereducation
intropicalshrimpspecies
Shrimp Genetic Improvement Center
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National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
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Technologies Employed
DetectionofshrimpviralinfectionsbyDNA-basedtechnologies(conventional,nestedandreal-timePCR)
Biosecuritysystemofshrimprearing
Articialinsemination
Genomicidenticationofshrimpfamiliesusingmicrosatellite
markingandothermethods
ExpressedSequenceTag(EST)
Cryopreservationofsperm,eggsandnauplii
Traceabilitytechnology
SGICcollaborateswithseveralacademicinstitutesinThailandaswellasabroad,frombothgovernmentalandprivatesectors.Itaimstobeaplaceforfreecommunication
among academic researchers at one end, and among shrimp farmers at the other.Attempts are carried out to bridge the gap between the two ends, to install
application insight into academics and to guide traditional shrimp farmerstowardcleaner,moreprotableandupdatetechnologies.
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
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The facilities inside SGIC can be divided into two main
areas: one is within and the other is outside the biosecurity area.The biosecurity area is a rectangular area of 130 m x 275 m,
surrounded by a 1.5 m concrete wall. The purpose of the wallis topreventpotential shrimp viruscarriers toenter, and toset upan
area where shrimp pathogens are strictly screened out. Those whoenter the area are required to wear special dress and spray their
handswith70%ethanol.
Facil it ies within SGIC
Technology Transfer
Seminars for shrimp farmers and personnel involved in the industryare held regularly at SGIC and relevant farm sites. Communication between
SGIC and end-users are essential for development of the center. SGIC aims toexceed in academic excellence and to collaborate with local farmers for a higher
understanding in shrimp cultivation. SGIC also provides site visits and training tolocalfarmersonaregularbasis.
Services
SGIC provides many services, which include training for farmers, academic
research, seminars and staff training. Other services such as water qualitydeterminations or shrimp disease diagnostics by histology or PCR etc. are available
atseveralotherinstitutesthatperformequallywellforfarmers.
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Shrimp Genetic Improvement Center
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Ofce and Laboratory. The ofce provides internetaccess, as well as conference rooms and laboratories. The
laboratories are for routine lab analyses (such as waterqualities,microbiology,etc.)andforresearchactivities,whichare
directedtowardworkonmolecularbiology.
Housing Facilities. Rooms and facilities (dining hall,exercise room, utilities, entertainment and reading room) are
availableforSGICstaffandguests.
Shrimp Genetic Improvement Center
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Facil it ies Outside the Biosecurity Area
Facil it ies Inside the Biosecurity Area
Hatchery. This is the largest building withinthebiosecurityareaandisforarticialinsemination,
ovarian maturation, spawning and hatching of theshrimp.The facility iscapableofholdingup to480
animalsatonetime.
Nursery.Thisbuildingisforgrowingnauplius
to postlarval (PL) stages. A small fraction ofnauplii from each cross are reared to become PL
aimingatbecomingbroodstocks.
Diatom Building.Thisbuildingisforculturingdiatoms for shrimp larvae. The main species
cultured are Chaetoceros spp. Research onalternative species, such as Thalassiosira spp., are
alsocarriedouthere.
Artemia Building.Thisbuildingisforhatchingofartemiacysts.Theactivityiscarriedoutinasystem
that aims at reducing bacterial contamination (such
asfromVibriospp.).
Polychaete Building.Polychaetesorseaworms
are one of the main natural live-feed for shrimpbroodstocks. An indoor facility has been set up for
the culture of Perinereis nuntia and other tropicalpolychaete species, with a closed cycle from
fertilization through to nectochaete, atoke andepitoke (broodstock) stages, with SPF condition
and optimum nutritional components suitable forshrimp broodstocks. Selective breeding programs
and physiological studies of these polychaetes arealsocarriedout.
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National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
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TheSGICorganizationisheadedby
a directorand comprises a sitemanager,aneducationandpublicrelationsteam,an
accountingandpersonnelteam,anin-houseresearchteamincludinglaboratorypersonnel,
and an engineering team. The dormitoryfacilitycanaccommodateupto50peopleat
anyonetime,andnon-residentpersonnel,including collaborative researchers, can
varybetween10-20individualsatanytime.
Broodstock Growout
Initial Phase. AnindoorfacilityhasbeensetupforrearingPL15toabout
a 1 g sized shrimp, and then the shrimp is injected with a visible implantedelastomerto identifyshrimpfamiliesbyaphysicalmethod.Atthesametime,theshrimpareanalyzedfortheirmicrosatellitemarkers.
Main Phase. Shrimp of different families that have been physicallytagged are then reared together in the same growout pond, which
is under a transparent roof and completely lined with a polythene sheet. Theperiod of growout to become broodstocks is 1.0-1.5 years, during which
timetheshrimparetransferredonceortwiceintonewlypreparedponds.
Research Staffs
Seawater is pumped from theshore400maway into the sedimentationseawater pond, where the surface clear
water is passed into the clear seawaterpond(CSP).WaterfromtheCSPisltered
throughanupowsandlterandpressuresandlter(50mm),stockedandconditioned
(e.g.,pH,salinity,alkalinity,etc.)in40x100ton-capacityconcretetanks.
For salinity adjustment, a naturalfreshwater pond and clear freshwater
pond have been set up at the end ofthe biosecurity area where the water
is ltered through an upow sand lterand pressure sand lter before being
mixed with seawater. The conditionedwater is ozonized before being supplied
tobuildingsandpondsinthebiosecurityarea. Depending on its necessity, the
water in the biosecure buildings andpondsis passed througheither one orall
of the following treatments beforereachingrearingtanks:
Ultraviolet(UV)light
Foamfractionation
Bioltration
Water isalsoeither replaced0-30% daily, or ow-throughwhich
is judged by cost-effectiveness foreachutility.
The discharged water isdrained through an undergroundtunnel to a site 500 m away from
the biosecurity area. The drainedwater is biologically treated by
passing through sh, bivalve andseaweed ponds, before owing
out into natural waterways. Thebiological demand of the treated
waterislessthan20ppm.
Water System
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Design and Production:
Printing Section
Printed and Multimedia Division
National Science and Technology Development Agency
Tel: +66 2564 7000 ext: 1162
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For more information, please contact :
Shrimp Genetic Improvement Center
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC)
National Science and Technology Development Agency
333 Moo5, Phumrieng, Sub-district, Chaiya District, Suratthani 84110
Tel: (66-7) 7435 100 Fax: (66-7) 7435 049
e-mail: [email protected]
website: http://www.biotec.or.th/
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