C»Á\¨ £õh¡À 167
%: ×<
+− ÷
> 2x 123
13
¤ßÚ[PÒ IC¨£õhzøuU PØ£uß ‰»® }[PÒ
² J¸ ¤ßÚzøu J¸ •Ê GsnõÀ ö£¸USÁuØS®
² J¸ ¤ßÚzøu ÷ÁöÓõ¸ ¤ßÚzuõÀ ö£¸USÁuØS®
² J¸ ¤ßÚzøu J¸ P»¨¦ GsnõÀ ö£¸USÁuØS®
² J¸ P»¨¦ Gsøn ÷ÁöÓõ¸ P»¨¦ GsnõÀ ö£¸USÁuØS®
÷uøÁ¯õÚ BØÓÀPøͨ ö£ÖúPÒ.
13.1 ¤ßÚ[PÒ
}[PÒ uµ® 6, 7 GߣÁØÔÀ ¤ßÚ[PÒ £ØÔU PØÓ Âh¯[PøÍ {øÚÄ
Tº÷Áõ®. R÷Ç uµ¨£mkÒÍ E¸ÂÀ AøhUP¨£mkÒÍ AÍøÁ Kº A»S
GÚU öPõÒ÷Áõ®.
÷©Ø£i A»PõÚx I¢x \© £SvPÍõP¨ ¤›UP¨£mk AÁØÔÀ ‰ßÖ £SvPÒ
{ÇØÓ¨£mkÒÍÚ. A¨÷£õx {ÇØÓ¨£mh AÍÄ ö©õzu AÍÂß 35 GÚ |õ®
PØÖÒ÷Íõ®.
Kº A»øPa \©ÚõÚ £SvPÍõP¨ ¤›US®÷£õx AÁØÖÒ J¸ £Sv AÀ»x ]»
£SvPÒ AÆÁ»Qß J¸ ¤ßÚ® GÚ AøÇUP¨£kö©Ú }[PÒ PØÖÒϺPÒ.
J¸ Tmhzvß ¯õuõ°Ý® J¸ £Sv²® AUTmhzvß J¸ ¤ßÚ©õS®.
CÆÁõÖ SÔUP¨£mh JßÔ¾® SøÓ¢u §a]¯zv¾® Ti¯ GsPÒ AuõÁx,
35, 1
2, 2
3 ÷£õßÓ ¤ßÚ[PÒ •øÓø©¨ ¤ßÚ[PÒ Gߣøu }[PÒ •ßÚº
PØÖÒϺPÒ.
J¸ •Ê Gsq® J¸ •øÓø©¨ ¤ßÚ•® Tmh¨£kÁuõÀ Põmh¨£k®
GsnõÚx Ax GÊu¨£k® •øÓU÷PØ£ P»¨¦ Gs GÚ AÀ»x
•øÓø©°À»õ¨ ¤ßÚ® GÚ AøÇUP¨£k®.
112
, 213 , 42
5 BQ¯øÁ P»¨¦ GsPÐUPõÚ ]» Euõµn[PÍõS®.
425 GßÝ® P»¨¦ GsoÀ •Ê Gs £Sv 4 BÁxhß ¤ßÚ¨ £Sv 2
5 BS®.
32" 53 , 11
7 BQ¯øÁ •øÓø©°À»õ¨ ¤ßÚ[PÐUPõÚ ]» Euõµn[PÍõS®.
C»Á\¨ £õh¡À168
J¸ •øÓø©°À»õ¨ ¤ßÚzvß öuõSv¯õÚx £Sv°¾® ö£›¯x AÀ»x
£SvUSa \©ÚõÚx BS®.
J¸ ¤ßÚzvß £Svø¯²® öuõSvø¯²® §a]¯® uº¢u J÷µ GsoÚõÀ
ö£¸USÁuß ‰»® •uØ ¤ßÚzvß \©Á¾ÁõÚ J¸ ¤ßÚzøu¨
ö£Ó»õ®. £Svø¯²® öuõSvø¯²® §a]¯® uº¢u J÷µ GsoÚõÀ
ÁS¨£uß ‰»•® •uØ ¤ßÚzvØSa \©Á¾ÁõÚ J¸ ¤ßÚzøu¨
ö£ØÖU öPõÒÍ»õ®.
² J¸ P»¨¦ Gsøn J¸ •øÓø©°À»õ¨ ¤ßÚ©õPz u¸uÀ
J¸ P»¨¦ Gsøn J¸ •øÓø©°À»õ¨ ¤ßÚ©õP ©õØÖ®÷£õx R÷Ç
uµ¨£mkÒÍ £i•øÓPøͨ ¤ß£ØÓ»õ®.
$ P»¨¦ Gso¾ÒÍ •Ê Gsøn Av¾ÒÍ •øÓø©¨ ¤ßÚzvß
£Sv°ÚõÀ ö£¸UQ •øÓø©¨ ¤ßÚzvß öuõSv²hß TmkP.
$ A®•øÓø©°À»õ¨ ¤ßÚzvß £Sv P»¨¦ Gsoß •øÓø©¨
¤ßÚzvß £Sv÷¯ BS®.
² J¸ •øÓø©°À»õ¨ ¤ßÚzøu J¸ P»¨¦ GsnõP ©õØÖuÀ
J¸ •øÓø©°À»õ¨ ¤ßÚzøu J¸ P»¨¦ GsnõP ©õØÖ® •øÓø¯
¤ßÁ¸® Euõµnzvß ‰»® £õº¨÷£õ®.
74 I J¸ P»¨¦ GsnõPU Põmk÷Áõ®.
7
4 = 7 ÷ 4 1
4 7 4 3
7 ÷ 4 CÀ DÄ 1 E® «v 3 E® BS®. ÷©ØSÔzu DøÁ
P»¨¦ Gsoß •Ê Gs £Sv GÚ GÊx÷Áõ®.
«v •øÓø©¯õÚ ¤ßÚzvß öuõSv BS®.
C[S £Sv¯õÚx •øÓø©°À»õ¨ ¤ßÚzvß
£Sv BS®.
∴ 74
3
4= 1 + 3
4= 1
•øÓ II7
4
4 4
3 4
3 4
=
+ = =
= = 1 + 3 4 1
•øÓ I
4
4 + 3
C»Á\¨ £õh¡À 169
%: ×<
+− ÷
> 2x 123
¤ßÚ[PÎß Tmhø»²® PÈzuø»²® |õ® uµ® 6, 7 CÀ PØÖÒ÷Íõ®.
¤ßÚ[PÒ £ØÔU PØÓ Âh¯[PøÍ {øÚÄTºÁuØPõP ¤ßÁ¸® «mhØ
£°Ø]PÎÀ Dk£kP.
«mhØ £°Ø]
1. Aøh¨¤ÝÒ÷Í°¸¢x ö£õ¸zu©õÚ ö£Ö©õÚzøuz öu›¢öukzx
öÁØÔh[PøÍ {µ¨¦P.
(i) 34 Gߣx 1
4 PÒ '''''' BS®' ^2" 3" 5&
(ii) 25 Gߣx '''''' PÒ 2 BS®' ^13 "
12" 15&
(iii) 17 PÒ 4 Gߣx '''''' BS®' ^47"
45" 49&
2. R÷Ç uµ¨£mkÒÍ JÆöÁõ¸ ¤ßÚzvØS® \©Á¾¨ ¤ßÚ® Cµsk Ãu®
GÊxP.
(i) 34 (ii) 2
5 (iii) 6
10 (iv) 8
24
3. R÷Ç uµ¨£mkÒÍ JÆöÁõ¸ P»¨¦ Gsøn²® •øÓø©°À»õ¨
¤ßÚ©õPz u¸P.
(i) 1
51 (ii) 3
53 (iii) 1
66
4. R÷Ç uµ¨£mkÒÍ JÆöÁõ¸ ¤ßÚzøu²® P»¨¦ GsnõPz u¸P.
(i) 145
(ii) 187
(iii) 373
5. TmkP.
(i) 25 + 1
5 (ii) 1
3 + 1
2 (iii) 3
5 + 1
3 (iv) 7
12 + 1
8
(v) 16 + 5
8 (vi) 11
15 + 2
10 (vii) 1
12
+ 4
38 (viii) 2
14
+ 3
59
6. PÈUP.
(i) 67 - 2
7 (ii) 7
10 - 2
5 (iii) 1
3 - 2
7 (iv) 1- 1
5
(v) 78 - 5
6 (vi) 3
78 - 1
12
(vii) 3 - 1
58 (viii) 2
25 - 1
320
C»Á\¨ £õh¡À170
13.2 ¤ßÚ® JßøÓ •Ê Gs JßÔÚõÀ ö£¸USuÀ
I¢x \©ÚõÚ £SvPÍõP¨ ¤›UP¨£mkÒÍ J¸ ÷PU E¸ÂÀ uµ¨£mkÒÍx.
AU÷PUQß J¸ £Sv ö©õzuU ÷PUQß 15
GÚ |õ® AÔ÷Áõ®. AÆÁõÓõÚ
‰ßÖ £SvPøÍ GkzxU öPõÒ÷Áõ®.
15
15
15
C®‰ßÖ ÷PU xskPÎß TmkzöuõøP¯õÚx ö©õzuU ÷PUQß GßÚ
£[S GÚ Bµõ´÷Áõ®. AuØPõP A®‰ßÖ xskPÎÚx® AÍÄPøÍU Tmh
÷Ásk®.
Ax, 15
+ 15
+ 15 = 3
5 BS®.
«sk® «sk® J÷µ Gsøn¨ £» uhøÁPÒ TmkÁøu¨ ö£¸UP»õP GÊu
•i²® GÚ •ßÚº |õ® PØÖÒ÷Íõ®.
AuõÁx 2 + 2 + 2 = 2 × 3 = 6 BS®.
CuØ÷PØ£ 15
+ 15
+ 15 = 1
5 × 3 GÚ GÊu»õ®.
GÚ÷Á, 15 × 3 = 3
5 BS®. AuõÁx
15
PÒ 3 Gߣx 35 BS®.
² Gmka \© £SvPÍõP¨ ¤›UP¨£mkÒÍ J¸
ö\ÆÁP® E¸ÂÀ uµ¨£mkÒÍx. AvÀ J¸ £Sv
•Ê E¸Âß 18 BS®.
CÆÁõÓõÚ 5 £SvPÎß Tmhø»¨ £õº¨÷£õ®.
AuøÚ 18
+ 18
+ 18
+ 18 + 1
8 = 5
8 GÚ GÊu»õ®.
C»Á\¨ £õh¡À 171
%: ×<
+− ÷
> 2x 123
AuõÁx 18 PÒ 5 Gߣx
58 BS®.
18 × 5 = 5
8.
CuØ÷PØ£ 13 × 1 =
13 E®
13 × 2 =
23 E®
110
× 7 = 710
E® BS®.
CÛ |õ® 25 × 2 Ái»õÚ J¸ \¢uº¨£® £ØÔ Bµõ´÷Áõ®.
CuøÚ Kº E¸ÁzvÀ SÔ¨÷£õ®. } }
25
25
25 + 2
5 = 4
5 BS®.
CUTmhø»¨ ö£¸UP©õP GÊx®÷£õx
25 × 2 = 4
5 BS®.
CuØ÷PØ£z uµ¨£mkÒÍ J¸ ¤ßÚzøu J¸ •Ê GsnõÀ ö£¸US®
÷£õx ö£Ó¨£k® ¤ßÚzvß öuõSv¯õÚx uµ¨£mkÒÍ ¤ßÚzvß
öuõSv°Úx® •Ê GsoÚx® ö£¸UP©õÁxhß Auß £Sv¯õÚx
uµ¨£mkÒÍ ¤ßÚzvß £Sv÷¯¯õS®.
•ÊöÁs JßøÓ J¸ ¤ßÚzuõÀ ö£¸USuÀ
1 A»S }Í•® 1 A»S AP»•® Eøh¯ J¸ \xµ Ái»õÚ Ah›ß
£µ¨£ÍÁõÚx 1 \xµ A»S GÚ }[PÒ CuØS •ßÚº PØÖÒϺPÒ.
1 A»S
1 A»S
AuõÁx \xµ Ái»õÚ Ah›ß £µ¨£ÍÄ = 1 A»S × 1 A»S
= 1 \xµ A»S
CÛ |õ® 1 A»S }Í•® 12 A»S AP»•® Eøh¯ ö\ÆÁP 1 A»S
12
A»S
Ái»õÚ Kº Ah›ß £µ¨£ÍøÁU Põs÷£õ®.
C»Á\¨ £õh¡À172
•øÓ ICaö\ÆÁPzvß £µ¨£ÍÁõÚx 1 \xµ A»Søh¯ \xµzvß AøµÁõ] GߣuõÀ
Auß £µ¨£ÍÄ 12 \xµ A»S BS®.
•øÓ IICaö\ÆÁPzvß J¸ £UP }Í® 1 A»S® AP»®
12 A»S® GߣuõÀ
Ah›ß £µ¨£ÍÄ = ^}Í® × AP»®& \xµ A»SPÒ
= 1 × 12 \xµ A»SPÒ
∴ 1 × 12 = 1
2
÷©¾® 1 A»S }Í•® 13 A»S AP»® Eøh¯ E¸ÂÀ
1 A»S
13 A»S
uµ¨£mkÒÍ ö\ÆÁP Ái»õÚ Ah›ß £µ¨£ÍÄ 13 \xµ
A»SPÒ BS®.
AuõÁx 1 × 13 = 1
3
13 × 1 = 1
3 GÚ }[PÒ •ßøÚ¯ £SvPÎÀ PØÖÒϺPÒ.
∴ 13 × 1 = 1 × 1
3 BS®.
CÆÁõ÷Ó
27 × 3 =
67 E® 3 ×
27 = 6
7 E® BS®. ∴ 2
7 × 3 = 3 ×
27
∴ 411
× 2 = 2 × 411
∴ 213
× 5 = 5 × 213
411
× 2 = 811
E® 2 × 411
= 811
E® BS®.
213
× 5 = 1013
E® 5 × 213
= 1013
E® BS®.
J¸ ¤ßÚzøu J¸ •Ê GsnõÀ ö£¸USÁuÚõ¾® A÷u •Ê Gsøn
A÷u ¤ßÚzuõÀ ö£¸USÁuÚõ¾® J÷µ ö£Ö©õÚ÷© ö£Ó¨£k®.
C»Á\¨ £õh¡À 173
%: ×<
+− ÷
> 2x 123
Euõµn® 1
(i) _¸USP. 37 × 2
37 × 2 =
3 × 27
= 67
(ii) _¸USP. 38 × 5
38 × 5 =
3 × 58
= 158 = 1
78
(iii) _¸USP. 4 × 25
4 × 25 =
4 × 25
= 85 = 1
35
£°Ø] 13.1
1. R÷Ç uµ¨£mkÒÍ JÆöÁõ¸ ö£¸UP¼¾® ö£Ó¨£k® Âøhø¯ Gί
ÁiÂÀ GÊxP. ^•øÓø©°À»õ¨ ¤ßÚ[PÍõP¨ ö£Ó¨£k® ÂøhPøÍ
P»¨¦ GsnõPz u¸P.)
(i) 16 × 5 (ii) 3
10 × 3 (iii) 6 × 2
13 (iv) 3
7 × 5
(v) 27 × 9 (vi) 1
10 × 17 (vii) 5 ×
79 (viii) 3
4 × 12
(ix) 25 × 10 (x) 7
8 × 1 (xi) 2
3 × 0 (xii) 0 × 3
5
(xiii) 3 × 14 (xiv) 5
6 × 8 (xv) 10 × 3
5
2. J÷µ ÷ÁPzvÀ £¯oUS® J¸ ÁõPÚ® J¸
{ªhzvÀ 34 Q÷»õ«ØÓº ö\À¾©õ°ß, 8
{ªh[PÎÀ £¯ozxÒÍ yµ® ¯õx?
3. ¤ÍõzvUSU SÁøÍPøÍ EØ£zv ö\´²® Kº
C¯¢vµ® 1 ©o ÷|µzvÀ 600 SÁøÍPøÍ
EØ£zv ö\´²ö©Ûß, 23 ©o ÷|µzvÀ GzuøÚ
SÁøÍPøÍ EØ£zv ö\´²®?
C»Á\¨ £õh¡À174
13.3 J¸ ¤ßÚzøu ÷ÁöÓõ¸ ¤ßÚzuõÀ ö£¸USuÀ
E¸ÂÀ, J¸ £UP }Í® 1 A»Søh¯ \xµÁi»õÚ
12
13
13
13
Kº Ahº \©ÚõÚ 6 £SvPÍõP¨ ¤›UP¨£mk J¸ £Sv
{ÇØÓ¨£mkÒÍx.
A¢{ÇØÓ¨£mh £Sv¯õÚx •Êa \xµ Ah›ß £µ¨£ÍÂß 16 GߣuõÀ, Auß £µ¨£ÍÄ 1
6 \xµ A»SPÒ BS®.
AÆÁõ÷Ó {ÇØÓ¨£mh £Sv J¸ ö\ÆÁP ÁiøÁ GkUQßÓx. Auß }ͨ
£UP©õÚx \xµzvß J¸ £UP }Ízvß 12 BÁxhß Auß AP»¨ £UP©õÚx
\xµzvß J¸ £UP }Ízvß 13 BS®.
Caö\ÆÁP Ah›ß £µ¨£ÍÁõÚx Auß }Í®, AP»® GߣÁØÔß
ö£Ö©õÚ[Pøͨ ö£¸USÁuß ‰»® PoUP¨£kQßÓx.
CuØ÷PØ£ {ÇØÔ¯ £Sv°ß £µ¨£ÍøÁ 12 × 1
3 GÚ GÊu»õ®. E¸Âߣi
A¨ö£Ö©õÚ® 16 GߣuõÀ
∴ 12 × 1
3 = 1
6
E¸ÂÀ £UP® JßÔß }Í® 1 A»øP Eøh¯ \xµ } }35
23
ÁiÁ Ahº uµ¨£mkÒÍx. Ax 15 \© £SvPÍõP¨
¤›UP¨£mkÒÍx. CvÀ {ÇØÓ¨£mh £Sv •Ê
E¸Âß £µ¨£ÍÂß GzuøÚ A»SPÒ Gߣøu C¸
÷ÁÖ •øÓPÎÀ Põs÷£õ®.
•øÓ IC[S {ÇØÓ¨£mh £Sv •Ê E¸Âß £µ¨£ÍÂß
615
GߣuõÀ Auß £µ¨£ÍÄ 615
\xµ A»SPÒ BS®.
•øÓ II{ÇØÓ¨£mh ö\ÆÁP ÁiÁ¨ £Sv°ß AP»©õÚx \xµzvß J¸ £UP }Ízvß
35
^AuõÁx 35
A»SPÒ & BS®. Auß }Í©õÚx \xµzvß J¸ £UP }Ízvß
23 BS®. ^AuõÁx
23
A»SPÒ
BS®.& {ÇØÓ¨£mh £Sv°ß £µ¨£ÍÄ ö©õzu¨ £µ¨£ÍÂß
35 × 2
3 \xµ A»SPÒ
BS®.
∴ 35 × 2
3 = 6
15
C»Á\¨ £õh¡À 175
%: ×<
+− ÷
> 2x 123
÷©ØSÔzu Cµsk \¢uº¨£[PøͲ® P¸x÷Áõ®.
12 × 1
3 = 1
6 ^ 1 × 1
2 × 3 = 1
6& 35 × 2
3 = 6
15 ^ 3 × 2
5 × 3 = 6
15&
AuõÁx, Cµsk ¤ßÚ[Pøͨ ö£¸USÁuß ‰»®
² ö£Ó¨£k® ¤ßÚzvß öuõSv¯õÚx Cµsk ¤ßÚ[PÎÚx®
öuõSvPÎß ö£¸UP©õS®.
² ö£Ó¨£k® ¤ßÚzvß £Sv¯õÚx Cµsk ¤ßÚ[PÎÚx® £SvPÎß
ö£¸UP©õS®.
SÔ¨¦ :
² G¢uöÁõ¸ ¤ßÚzøu²® §a]¯zvÚõÀ ö£¸US®÷£õx Âøh 0 BS®.
12 × 0 = 1 × 0
2 = 0
2 = 0 C[S
12 × 0 = 1
2 × 0
1 = 1 × 0
2 × 1 = 02 = 0
² G¢uöÁõ¸ ¤ßÚzøu²® 1 BÀ ö£¸US®÷£õx Âøh A÷u ¤ßÚ©õS®.
12 × 1 = 1
2 × 1
1 = 1 × 1
2 × 1 = 12
Euõµn® 1
(i) _¸USP. 47 × 2
3
47 × 2
3 =
4 × 27 × 3
= 821
(ii) _¸USP. 38 × 4
5 × 1
2
38 × 4
5 × 1
2 =
3 × 4 × 18 × 5 × 2 =
1280
= 12 ÷ 480 ÷ 4
^\©Á¾¨¤ßÚ®&
= 320
C»Á\¨ £õh¡À176
SÔ¨¦ :38 × 4
5 = 12
40
1240 GßÝ® ¤ßÚzvÀ 4 Gߣx öuõSv, £Sv BQ¯ÁØÔß ö£õxU Põµo
GߣuõÀ £Svø¯²® öuõSvø¯²® 4 BÀ ÁS¨÷£õ®.
∴ 1240 = 12 ÷ 4 40 ÷ 4 = 3
10
Cx 1240 = 31010
3 GÚ GÊu¨£k®.
38 × 4
5 = 1240 = 3
1010
3 BS®.
÷©¾®,
38 × 4
5 = 3 × 4
8 × 5 = 3 × 42 × 4 × 5
CÛ, 4 Gߣx öuõSv, £Sv BQ¯ÁØÔß ö£õxU Põµo GߣuõÀ
£Svø¯²® öuõSvø¯²® 4 BÀ ÁS¨£uõÀ
3 × 42 × 4 × 5
1
1 = 3
10
38 × 4
5 _¸US®÷£õx öuõSv°Úx® £Sv°Úx® ö£õxU PõµoPÍõÀ
ÁS¨£uõÀ Ca_¸USuÀPÒ ªP GÎuõS®.
38 × 4
5 =
2
1 3 × 12 × 5 = 3
10
£°Ø] 13.2
1. _¸USP.
(a) (i) 12 × 1
4 (ii) 2
3 × 1
5 (iii) 3
4 × 5
7 (iv) 3
5 × 2
7
(v) 38 × 2
5 (vi) 7
10 × 3
14 (vii) 5
12 × 4
7 (viii) 6
7 × 14
15
(b) (i) 67 × 3
8 (ii) 3
5 × 2
3 (iii) 2
11 × 3
4 (iv) 3
10 × 5
6
(v) 34 × 2
3 (vi) 5
12 × 3
10 (vii) 1
2 × 1
4 × 3
5 (viii) 2
3 × 5
8 × 3
10
C»Á\¨ £õh¡À 177
%: ×<
+− ÷
> 2x 123
13.4 J¸ ¤ßÚzøu J¸ P»¨¦ GsnõÀ ö£¸USuÀ
C¨÷£õx |õ® J¸ ¤ßÚzøu J¸ P»¨¦ GsnõÀ ö£¸USÁøuU P¸x÷Áõ®.
35 I 1
12
CÚõÀ ö£¸US÷Áõ®.
AuõÁx 35 × 1
12
Cß ö£Ö©õÚ® Põs÷£õ®.
C[S, •u¼À P»¨¦ Gsøn •øÓø©°À»õ¨ ¤ßÚ©õPU Põmk÷Áõ®.
∴ 35 × 1
12
= 35 ×
32
= 3 × 35 × 2
= 910
P»¨¦ GsPÒ Ah[Q¯ ¤ßÚ[PøÍa _¸US®÷£õx P»¨¦ GsPøÍ
•øÓø©°À»õ¨ ¤ßÚ[PÍõP ©õØÔ¨ ö£¸USuÀ C»SÁõÚuõS®.
Euõµn® 1
_¸USP. 23 × 1
14
23 × 1
14
= 23 × 5
4
1
2 ^2, 4 I 2 BÀ
= 1 × 53 × 2
ÁS¨÷£õ®&
= 56
Euõµn® 2
_¸USP. 1
35 × 3
4
1
35 × 3
4 = 8
5 × 3
4
2
1 ^4, 8 I 2 BÀ
= 2 × 35 × 1
ÁS¨÷£õ®&
= 65
= 1
15
£°Ø] 13.3
1. _¸USP.
(i) 23 × 1
13 (ii) 3
5 × 1
14
(iii) 58 × 1
23 (iv) 7
10 × 2
17
(v) 16 × 2
15 (vi) 3
5 × 3
19
(vii) 710
× 33
13 (viii) 5
12 × 3 3
11
(ix) 2
12
× 15 (x) 3
34
× 710
(xi) 25 × 1
2 × 2
12
(xii) 34 × 2
5 × 1
16
C»Á\¨ £õh¡À178
2. 1 ½ØÓº G›ö£õ¸ÎÀ 12
12
km £¯n® ö\´²® J¸
ÁõPÚ®
34
½ØÓº G›ö£õ¸ÎÀ £¯n® ö\´²®
yµzøuU PõsP.
3. h¯õÚõ J¸ |õÎÀ 1
34
©o÷|µ® ¦zuP® JßøÓ
Áõ]¨£õÒ. AÁÒ A¨¦zuPzøu 7 |õmPÎÀ Áõ]zx
•izuõÒ. AÁÒ A¨¦zuPzøu Áõ]zx •iUP Gkzu
Põ»zøu ©ozv¯õ»[PÎÀ PõsP.
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(vii) 1
37
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27
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