cng Mn Ha hc 8 I.Cc khi nim c bn(t hc thuc) 1. Hp cht l,n cht l.,Nguyn t l,Phn t l,Nguyn t khi l Phn t khi l,Nguyn t ha hc l, hin tng vt l l,hin tng ha hc l., 2. Phn ng ha hc l.... 3. Din bin ca phn ng ha hc: Trong phn ng ha hc....

4. iu kin phn ng ha hc xy ra: (1) Cc cht phi (2) C nhng phn ng phi ... (3) C nhng phn ng cn c mt ca.. 5. Du hiu thng gp ca phn ng ha hc.. 4. Ni dung LBTKL.

II. Bi tp BT1: Nguyn t O c tng s ht l 24, trong s p l 8. Tnh s n? BT2: Lp v (e) ca nguyn t Cl c 17e, c 3 lp e. Hi lp ngoi cng c bao nhiu e? BT3: Ngt Fe c s p l 26 v tng s ht ca nguyn t A l 82. Tnh s p,n,e ca ngt Fe? BT4: Nguyn t Zn c tng s ht l 95, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 25. Tnh s p,n,e ca ngt Zn. BT5: Cch vit sau ch g: a. Fe --> ... b. 2 Al --> .... b. N2 --> d. 3 O2 --->e. H2O -->..... g. 5CO2 -->........ h. Fe = 56 vC --> .. i. MFe = 56 gam/mol --> ..; k. H2O = 18 --> .... m. MCuO = 80 g/mol -->... BT6: Cho cc nguyn t sau: C, S, Na, Mg, Al, Cl, Fe, F, Cu, Ag, N, O, Ba, Ca, Si, Zn, Hg, Au, Mn, Br, Cr, I, Sn, Pb. Hy sp xp cc nguyn t sau theo nhm: 1. Nguyn t kim loi : 2. Nguyn t phi kim: ..

BT7: Cho cc cht c CTHH sau: N2, O2, CH4, H2O, Fe, CaO, CO2, CaCO3, Fe, Cu. C bao

nhiu n cht, bao nhiu hp cht trong s cc cht trn? BT8: Bit ha tr ca O l II, NO3 (I), CO3 (II), SO4 (II), PO4 (III). Tnh ha tr ca thnh phn

cn li trong hp cht sau: CTHH Na2O CuO SO2 Al2O3 SO3 P2O5 Mn2O7 RxOy R2On Ha tr Na: Cu: S: Al: S: P: Mn: R: R:

CTHH Na2CO3 FeCO3 Fe(NO3)3 CuSO4 AlPO4

Ha tr Na: Fe: Fe: Cu: Al:

BT9: Lp CTHH v nu ngha ca CTHH lp c vo v: Na(I), Ca(II) v NO3 (I), SO4 (II), PO4 (III). b. Fe(III), Cu(II) v Cl (I), SO4 (II), PO4 (III).

BT10: Bit: Hp cht X c CTHH l Fe2O3 , hp cht Y c CTHH H2SO4. Vy CTHH ca hp cht Z to bi Fe v SO4 l ...................................

BT11: Lp PTHH 1 P + O2 P2O5 2 Fe + Cl2 FeCl3 3 Al + O2 Al2O3 4 Cu + O2 CuO 5 Na + O2 Na2O 6 P + Cl2 PCl5 1 Mg + Fe2O3 MgO + Fe 2 Al + HCl AlCl3 + H2 3 Al + Fe3O4 Al2O3 + Fe 4 Fe + AgNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + Ag 5 Al + CuSO4 Al2(SO4)3 + Cu 1 Na2O + HCl NaCl + H2O 3 Al2O3 + H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + H2O

4 Fe2O3 + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + H2O 5 NaOH + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + H2O 6 Ca(OH)2 + HNO3 Ca(NO3)2 + H2O 7 Al(OH)3 + H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + H2O 1 Fe(OH)2 + O2 Fe2O3 + H2O 2 FeCO3 + O2 Fe2O3 + CO2 3 Fe3O4 + CO Fe + CO2 4 Fe2O3 + H2 Fe3O4 + H2O 5 Fe2O3 + Al Fe3O4 + Al2O3

7. . + 2 O2 Fe3O4 8. 2 Mg + . 2 MgO 9. CuO + 2 HCl CuCl2 + .. BT12: 1.Tnh s mol ca: a. 75,24 gam Al2(SO4)3 ?

b. 15,68 lt O2 (kc) ? c. 13,2.10

23 phn t H2SO4

d. hn hp X ( 11,2 gam Fe v 3,24 gam Al)? e. Hn hp Y ( 8,94 lt O2 v 2,24 lt H2) ?

2. Tnh khi lng ca: a. 0,25 mol FeSO4 ?

b. 13,2 . 1023

phn t FeSO4 ? c. 8,96 lt kh NO2 (kc) ? d. hn hp A ( 0,22 mol Al v 0,25 mol Cu) ? e. hn hp B ( 11,2 lt O2 v 13,44 lt N2) (kc)

BT13: Hn hp kh X gm ( 0,2 mol kh O2 , 0,4 mol kh N2). Tnh : a. s mol ca X : nX = . b. Khi lng hn hp X: mX = mO2 + mN2 = .= c. Th tch ca X: VX = VO2 + VN2 = = . d. Khi lng mol trung bnh ca X: MX = mX/ nX = ..= BT14:Tnh % khi lng mi nguyn t trong hp cht CuSO4 v Fe2(SO4)3 ? BT15: Xc nh tn (CTHH): a. Hp cht X c to bi nguyn t R (II) v O, trong c MX = 80 ?. Xc nh R? c. Hp cht Z c to bi nguyn t R (III) v SO4 (II), trong % O = 56,14%. Xc nh R? d. Hp cht Q c to bi nguyn t C, H, O , trong %C = 40%, %H = 6,67% c li l %O. Xc nh CTHH ca Q? bit MQ = 60. e. Hp cht X to bi 2 nguyn t C, H, trong % C = 82,758621% . T khi hi ca X so vi khng kh l 2. Xc nh CTHH ca X ? BT16: t chy hon ton 4,86 gam bt nhm (Al) cn dng V lt kh O2 (ktc), to ra m gam nhm oxit ( Al2O3).

a. Lp PTHH cho phn ng ho hc trn ? b. Tnh V lt kh O2 tham gia phn ng ? c. Tnh m gam Al2O3 to ra ? ( bng 2 cch). BT17: t chy hon ton m gam bt nhm (Al) cn dng V lt kh O2 (ktc), to ra 12,24 gam nhm oxit ( Al2O3).

a. Lp PTHH cho phn ng ho hc trn ? b. Tnh V lt kh O2 tham gia phn ng ? c. Tnh m gam Al phn ng ? ( bng 2 cch). BT18: Ha tan ht 3,24 gam kim loi Al vo dd axit Clohidric (HCl), to ra nhm clorua(AlCl3) v gii phng kh H2. a. Tnh s mol Al phn ng ? b. Lp PTHH ? c. Tnh khi lng HCl phn ng ?

d. Tnh th tch kh H2 thot ra kc ? e. Tnh khi lng AlCl3 to ra( bng 2 cch) ?