Pre-Historic Africa

Kingdom of Kush[295 BCE – 320 CE]

Nubia[modern-day

Sudan]

Pyramids of Kush at Meroë

Pyramids of Kush at Meroë

Kushite in Egypt, 23 BCE

Kingdom of Axum [300-700]

Stele, Ezana’s Royal Tomb,Aksum (4c)

Christian Church, Lalibela[Ethiopia]

Christian Church, Lalibela[Ethiopia]

Coptic Christian Priest

AXUM’SACHIEVEMENTS

AXUM’SACHIEVEMENTS

Controlled NE African

Trade

Controlled NE African

Trade

WrittenLanguageWritten

Language

Spread Christianityin No. & E.

Africa

Spread Christianityin No. & E.

Africa

TerraceFarmingTerraceFarming

BuiltStelaeBuilt

Stelae

Berbers

GOLDGOLD

SALTSALT

Gold-Salt Trade

Gold “Money”, Ghana/Ivory Coast

Ghana Empire [4c-11c]

Salt

Mali Empire [13c-15c]

GOLDGOLD

SALTSALT

Timbuktu-”Heavenly Clay”

Timbuktu Rooftop, Mosque

Tuaregs

Marketplace near the Niger River

Mosque in Gao

Great Mosque at Djenne, Mali

Distant Mosque at Djenne, Mali

Sundiata [1210-1260]

“Lion Prince”

Mansa Musa [r. 1312-1337]

European Map

Songhai Empire [15c-16c]

GOLDGOLD

SALTSALT

Sunni Ali [r.1464-1492]

Askia Mohammed [r.1493-1529]

Askia Mohammed’s Tomb [1443-1538]

Gao, Mali

Benin Empire [15c-19c]

Bronze Heads from Benin (16c)

Benin Bronze Leopard

BantuMigration

s:

1000 BCE

To

500 CE

Islamic

Invasions

African Trade Routes

Swahili-Speaking Areas of E. Africa

SWAHILI [“the coast’] = Bantu + some Arabic

Arab Dow off the coast of Zanzibar

Great Zimbabwe [1200-1450]

“Zimbabwe” = “stone enclosure”

Great Zimbabwe Street

Great Enclosure, Zimbabwe

Manamotopa Empire [1450-1630]

Overland & Sea Trade Routes by 16c

African Trade [15c-17c]