CC-‐BY Per Olof Arnäs
Ins2tu2onen för Teknikens ekonomi och organisa2onAvdelningen för logis2k och transport
Emission calcula,on in road transport
Per Olof Arnäs
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Ins2tu2onen för Teknikens ekonomi och organisa2onAvdelningen för logis2k och transportCC-‐BY Per Olof Arnäs
Some clarifica,onsHaulage companies own vehicles that are used by…
…transport companies that service…
…customers that own…
…flows that are controlled by…
…logis,cs principles
1 2
3 45
Ins2tu2onen för Teknikens ekonomi och organisa2onAvdelningen för logis2k och transportCC-‐BY Per Olof Arnäs
The customer pays for transport work. Measured in tonne x km.
The haulier’s costs are driven by traffic work. Measured in vehicle capacity x km (also tonne km).
The transport company wants to maximise the amount of transport work and minimise the amount of traffic work
This mechanism is
fundamental to all transport opera1ons!
tonne kmCustomer
MAX
The
Transport Equa,on
tonne kmTraffic
Ins2tu2onen för Teknikens ekonomi och organisa2onAvdelningen för logis2k och transportCC-‐BY Per Olof Arnäs
Revenues (=increase)
Cost (=decrease)MAX
tonne kmCustomer
tonne kmTraffic
Ins2tu2onen för Teknikens ekonomi och organisa2onAvdelningen för logis2k och transportCC-‐BY Per Olof Arnäs
EmissionsCO2 – Depends on fuel
NOx – Depends on fuel + engine
HC – Depends on fuel + engine
CO – Depends on fuel + engine
PM – Depends on fuel + engine
SOx – Depends on fuel
Ins2tu2onen för Teknikens ekonomi och organisa2onAvdelningen för logis2k och transportCC-‐BY Per Olof Arnäs 6
How can this be co
rrect???
1 litre diesel = 2.4 kg CO2
Ins2tu2onen för Teknikens ekonomi och organisa2onAvdelningen för logis2k och transportCC-‐BY Per Olof Arnäs
C O O+ = CO O
16 kg 16 kg+ = 44 kg 44/(12+2)=3,16 kg CO2
per kg fuel
H H
12 kg
Wor
k
1 litre diesel = 2.4 kg CO2
How can this be co
rrect???
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Carbon dioxide
Ins2tu2onen för Teknikens ekonomi och organisa2onAvdelningen för logis2k och transportCC-‐BY Per Olof Arnäs
1 litre diesel= 9,77 kWh
To driveshaT: 4,2 kWh
Heat,
fric,on
etc: 5,
56 kW
h
The engine efficiency is:4,2/9,77 = 0,43 = 43%
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Ins2tu2onen för Teknikens ekonomi och organisa2onAvdelningen för logis2k och transportCC-‐BY Per Olof Arnäs
g/kWh
g/litre
g/,me unitt.ex. g/h
g/km
g/transported loadt.ex. g/tonne
g/transport workt.ex. g/tonnekm
Cost
Choice of technology
Choice of fuel
Revenue
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Emission units
Ins2tu2onen för Teknikens ekonomi och organisa2onAvdelningen för logis2k och transportCC-‐BY Per Olof Arnäs
Difficult to measure
Easy to measureMAX
tonne kmCustomer
tonne kmTraffic
Ins2tu2onen för Teknikens ekonomi och organisa2onAvdelningen för logis2k och transportCC-‐BY Per Olof Arnäs
Gram=
Gram*
kWhout*
kWh*
MJ
Litre fuel=
kWhEngine*
kWhin*
MJ*
LitreCer,fica,on value.Emissions in grams per kWh engine work
The engine efficiencyResult: Gram per kWh energy put into the engine
The engine efficiencyResult: Gram per kWh energy put into the engine
The engine efficiencyResult: Gram per kWh energy put into the engine
Conversion to MJ (this is a phjysical constant = 3,6 MJ/kWh)Result: Gram per MJ fuel put into engine
Conversion to MJ (this is a phjysical constant = 3,6 MJ/kWh)Result: Gram per MJ fuel put into engine
Conversion to MJ (this is a phjysical constant = 3,6 MJ/kWh)Result: Gram per MJ fuel put into engine
Conversion to MJ (this is a phjysical constant = 3,6 MJ/kWh)Result: Gram per MJ fuel put into engine
Conversion to MJ (this is a phjysical constant = 3,6 MJ/kWh)Result: Gram per MJ fuel put into engine
The heat value of the fuel in MJ per litre.Result: Gram per litre fuel put into engine.The heat value of the fuel in MJ per litre.Result: Gram per litre fuel put into engine.The heat value of the fuel in MJ per litre.Result: Gram per litre fuel put into engine.The heat value of the fuel in MJ per litre.Result: Gram per litre fuel put into engine.The heat value of the fuel in MJ per litre.Result: Gram per litre fuel put into engine.The heat value of the fuel in MJ per litre.Result: Gram per litre fuel put into engine.The heat value of the fuel in MJ per litre.Result: Gram per litre fuel put into engine.
Engine Engine Fuel
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The most important formula -‐ gram emissions per litre fuel
Ins2tu2onen för Teknikens ekonomi och organisa2onAvdelningen för logis2k och transportCC-‐BY Per Olof Arnäs
Emissions per assignment
Gram=
Gram*
Litre*
km*
# of assmts.
1me unit=
Litre*
km*
assignment*
1me unitBased on engine cer,fica,on and efficiency together with the heat value of the fuel.
Fuel consump,onResult: gram emissions per km
Fuel consump,onResult: gram emissions per km
Fuel consump,onResult: gram emissions per km
Distance driven during assignmentResult: gram emissions per assignmentDistance driven during assignment
Result: gram emissions per assignmentDistance driven during assignment
Result: gram emissions per assignmentDistance driven during assignment
Result: gram emissions per assignmentDistance driven during assignment
Result: gram emissions per assignment
Number of assignemnt per ,me unit (e.g. 2 per week)Result: gram per assignment and ,me unit (e.g. per assignement and week)
Number of assignemnt per ,me unit (e.g. 2 per week)Result: gram per assignment and ,me unit (e.g. per assignement and week)
Number of assignemnt per ,me unit (e.g. 2 per week)Result: gram per assignment and ,me unit (e.g. per assignement and week)
Number of assignemnt per ,me unit (e.g. 2 per week)Result: gram per assignment and ,me unit (e.g. per assignement and week)
Number of assignemnt per ,me unit (e.g. 2 per week)Result: gram per assignment and ,me unit (e.g. per assignement and week)
Number of assignemnt per ,me unit (e.g. 2 per week)Result: gram per assignment and ,me unit (e.g. per assignement and week)
Number of assignemnt per ,me unit (e.g. 2 per week)Result: gram per assignment and ,me unit (e.g. per assignement and week)
Engine Fuel Driver Assignment Assignment
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Ins2tu2onen för Teknikens ekonomi och organisa2onAvdelningen för logis2k och transportCC-‐BY Per Olof Arnäs
Emissions per tonne alt. tonnekm
Gram=
Gram*
Liter*
1* Distance
tonne=
Liter*
km*
last* Distance
Based on engine cer,fica,on and efficiency together with the heat value of the fuel.
Fuel consump,onResult: gram emissions per km
Fuel consump,onResult: gram emissions per km
Fuel consump,onResult: gram emissions per km
Transported amount (e.g. 15 tonnes) Can also be calculated as max load * fill rate
Result: grams per tonnekm
Transported amount (e.g. 15 tonnes) Can also be calculated as max load * fill rate
Result: grams per tonnekm
Transported amount (e.g. 15 tonnes) Can also be calculated as max load * fill rate
Result: grams per tonnekm
Transported amount (e.g. 15 tonnes) Can also be calculated as max load * fill rate
Result: grams per tonnekm
Transported amount (e.g. 15 tonnes) Can also be calculated as max load * fill rate
Result: grams per tonnekm
Distance drivenResult: grams per transported amount (e.g. gram/tonne)
Distance drivenResult: grams per transported amount (e.g. gram/tonne)
Distance drivenResult: grams per transported amount (e.g. gram/tonne)
Distance drivenResult: grams per transported amount (e.g. gram/tonne)
Distance drivenResult: grams per transported amount (e.g. gram/tonne)
Distance drivenResult: grams per transported amount (e.g. gram/tonne)
Distance drivenResult: grams per transported amount (e.g. gram/tonne)
Engine Fuel DriverAssignment
AssignmentVehicle
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Ins2tu2onen för Teknikens ekonomi och organisa2onAvdelningen för logis2k och transportCC-‐BY Per Olof Arnäs
FTL and LTL (Full Truck Load and Less than Truck Load)
14Image: Kenth Lumsden, Chalmers
Ins2tu2onen för Teknikens ekonomi och organisa2onAvdelningen för logis2k och transportCC-‐BY Per Olof Arnäs
Alloca1on
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A truck transports cargo belonging to 3 customers in a loop
Should customer A pay for the emissions caused by B and C?
TerminalA
B C
Ins2tu2onen för Teknikens ekonomi och organisa2onAvdelningen för logis2k och transportCC-‐BY Per Olof Arnäs
Line based, example
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Ins2tu2onen för Teknikens ekonomi och organisa2onAvdelningen för logis2k och transportCC-‐BY Per Olof Arnäs
Pallets, example
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