Chapter 01
Aim High Reading | Level 3-A
Passage 01_
Hinode Mission to the Sunโs Mysteries
Passage 02_
Neanderthals May Have BeenRedheads
Passage 03_
Aerosols
Passage 04_
Launching Satellites โ Terra Project
abandon ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทactivation ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทadopt ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทaerospace ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทalter ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
approximately ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทbarrier ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
byproduct ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
charged ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทchurn out ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
coalesce ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
composition ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
concentration ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทconclusively ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
consequence ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทconsequently ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
counteract ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
depend on ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทdeterminer ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
disperse ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทenormous ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทeruption ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
exception ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
exploration ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทformation ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทfossil ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทgene ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทgrassland ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทhiccup ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทhypothesize ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทhypothetically ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
identical ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
ํฌ๊ธฐํ๋ค
ํ์ฑ(ํ)
์ฑํํ๋ค
์ฐ์ฃผ๊ณต๊ฐ
๋ฐ๊พธ๋ค, ๋ณ๊ฒฝํ๋ค
๋๋ต
์ธํ๋ฆฌ, ์ฅ๋ฒฝ
๋ถ์ฐ๋ฌผ
์ ํ๋ฅผ๋ค, ๋์ (ๅธถ้ป)ํ
๋๋์ผ๋ก๋ฐ์ํ๋ค
์์ง์ํค๋ค
๊ตฌ์ฑ, ์ฑ๋ถ
๋๋, ์ง์ค
ํ์คํ๊ฒ
๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํฅ
๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ
๋ฐ์์ฉํ๋ค, (ํจ๊ณผ ๋ฑ์) ์์ ๋ค
~์๋ฌ๋ ค์๋ค, ~์ ์์กดํ๋ค
๊ฒฐ์ ์ธ์
ํฉ๋จ๋ฆฌ๋ค, ๋ถ์ฐ์ํค๋ค
๋ง๋ํ, ๊ฑฐ๋ํ
๋ถ์ถ, ํญ๋ฐ
์์ธ, ์ ์ธ
ํ์ฌ, ํํ
ํ์ฑ
ํ์
์ ์ ์
๋ชฉ์ด์ง
๋ธ๊พน์ง, ์ฝ๊ฐ์๋ฌธ์
๊ฐ์ค์์ธ์ฐ๋ค
๊ฐ์ ํ์ฌ
๋์ผํ
ignition ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทinhabit ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
interfere with ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทinversion ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทlaunch ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
master ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
minute ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
moisture ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
navigation ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
numerous ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทobstacle ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
opportunity ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทparticle ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทpigment ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทpreserve ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทproperty ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
radiation ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
reflect ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทreflective ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
release ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทreveal ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทsatellite ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทseed ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทsequence ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
skull ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทspacecraft ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทspecifically ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
specimen ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
stock ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทtelecommunication ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
the number of ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทvariable ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
์ ํ
์ด๋ค, ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ๋ค
~์๋ฐฉํดํ๋ค
๋ฐ๋, ์ญ์
๋ฐ์ฌํ๋ค
์๋ฌํ๋ค, ์ ํตํ๋ค
๋ฏธ์ธํ, ์ฌ์ํ
์๋ถ, ์ต๊ธฐ
ํญํด์ , ํญ๊ณต์
๋ค์์, ์๋ง์
์ฅ์ (๋ฌผ)
๊ธฐํ
๋ฏธ๋ฆฝ์, ๋ถ์
์์
๋ณด์กดํ๋ค
ํน์ฑ, ์ฑ์ง
๋ณต์ฌ์๋์ง
๋ฐ์ฌํ๋ค
๋ฐ์ฌํ๋, ๋ฐ์ฌ์ ์ธ
๋ฐฉ์ถํ๋ค
๋ฐํ๋ด๋ค
์์ฑ
๋ฐฐ์ด, ์์
(๋น์) ํผ๋จ๋ฆฌ๋ค
๋๊ฐ๊ณจ
์ฐ์ฃผ์
๋ช ํํ, ์ ํํ๊ฒ
ํ๋ณธ, ๊ฒฌ๋ณธ
ํํต, ๊ฐ๊ณ
์๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌํต์
~์์
๋ณ์
Vocabulary Pre-check ์๊ณ ์๋๋จ์ด์์ฒดํฌํ๊ณ ๋จ์ด๋ค์๋ป์์ฐ์์ค.
a.
n.
18 Level 3-A
shed [โซed] (๋น์) ํผ๋จ๋ฆฌ๋ค aerospace [ยฌรroยจspรฉis] ์ฐ์ฃผ ๊ณต๊ฐ plasma [plยฎzmโฐ] ํ๋ผ์ค๋ง, ์ ๋ฆฌ(้ป้ข) ๊ธฐ์ฒด
Kelvin [kรจlvin] ์ผ๋น(์ ๋์จ๋ ๋จ์) inversion [invร;รท,รn] ๋ฐ๋, ์ญ์ pass through ~์ ํต๊ณผํ๋ค
interfere with ~์ ๋ฐฉํดํ๋ค telecommunication [telรkโฐmjรบ;nโฐkรจiโซรn] ์๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌํต์ charged [tโซยฐ;รทd,d] ์ ํ๋ฅผ ๋ค, ๋์ (ๅธถ้ป)ํ
particle [pยฃ;รทtikl] ๋ฏธ๋ฆฝ์, ๋ถ์ churn out ๋๋์ผ๋ก ๋ฐ์ํ๋ค barrier [bยฎriโฐรท] ์ธํ๋ฆฌ, ์ฅ๋ฒฝ
hypothesize [haipยฃ^โฐsร iz] ๊ฐ์ค์ ์ธ์ฐ๋ค eruption [ir=pโซรn] ๋ถ์ถ, ํญ๋ฐ
Launched in September 2006, the Hinode spacecraft has been
orbiting the Earth so as to keep a constant view of the Sun. The
Hinode space missionโs goal โ โHinodeโ is Japanese for
โsunriseโ โ is to shed light on the mysterious properties of the
Sun. The mission is led by the Japan Aerospace Exploration
Agency, with cooperation from several other space agencies.
First of all, the Hinode mission hopes to aid scientists in understanding the
โcorona problem,โ that the Sunโs corona is much hotter than the visible surface
of the Sun. The temperature on the Sunโs surface is incredibly hot, about 6,000
Kelvin (water boils at 373 Kelvin on Earth), but not so hot when compared to
the Sunโs plasma atmosphere, or corona, which is estimated to be one to three
million Kelvin. Scientists have not been able to conclusively explain the reason
for this temperature inversion. One theory relates to the discovery of magnetic
waves which pass through the plasma of the Sunโs corona. It is thought that
these waves might be releasing energy which is heating the corona.
Secondly, scientists hope the Hinode mission will help them understand why
solar wind generated by the Sun sometimes interferes with telecommunications,
navigation and electrical power systems on Earth. Solar wind is the huge
amount of charged particles that the Sun churns out into space. The Earthโs
magnetic field usually creates a barrier which protects the Earth from these
charged particles, but not always. Scientists want to know why this magnetic
barrier is not full-proof. They hypothesize that magnetic energy eruptions on the
Sun may interfere with the Earthโs magnetic barrier, but they really arenโt sure.
Science Technology NaturePassage
Chapter 01 19
1. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
(choose two)
โ The temperature of the Sunโs plasma atmosphere exceeds 1 million Kelvin.
โก Most of the Sunโs surface is much hotter than itsatmosphere.
โข A definite explanation for the corona problem has not beengiven.
โฃ The Hinode brought some data that can explain the coronaproblem.
โค Some people believe the Sunโs magnetic waves heat up itsatmosphere.
2. ๋ค์ ๋น์นธ์ ์๋ง์ ๋ง์ ๋ฃ์ด ์ธ ๋ฒ์งธ ๋จ๋ฝ์ ์์ฝํ์์ค.
Info Scan
Summary
3. ์ด ์ ์ธ๊ธ๋ ๋ ๊ฐ์ง ํ์์ ํน์ฑ๊ณผ ์ด์ ๋ํ Hinode ๋ฏธ์ ์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง๋ก ์ฐ์์ค. Analysis
4. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
โ There are some other spaceships that research the Sun.
โก Hinode is the first spacecraft launched by the Japanese.
โข There are some theories regarding unknown facts about the Sun.
โฃ The Hinode mission will last until it finds enough information.
โค Scientists are planning another launch for the study of the Sun.
Inference
Aim High Reading
The Sun emits .
Usually, the Earthโs magnetic field .
But, sometimes, the solar wind passes through
.
:
:
a huge amount of charged particles (solar wind)
blocks the charged particles
the Earthโs magnetic field
์ํ์์ํ๋ฉด๋ณด๋ค์ฝ๋ก๋(ํ์์๋๊ธฐ)๊ฐ ๋๋จ๊ฑฐ์ด๊ฐ์ฝ๋ก๋
์ํ์ํ์ด์ง๊ตฌ์์๊ธฐ์ฅ์๋ซ๊ณ ๋ค์ด์ค๋๊ฐํ์ํ
20 Level 3-A
1. ๋น์ ์ด๋น๋์์ ์ ์ผ๋ก๋ฉดํ ์๋์๋๊ฒ์์๋๋ค. (free, entirely) โ Youโre blame.
2. ๋ชจ๋ ์ฑ ์ด์ฌ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋์ด๋์์ฃผ๋๊ฒ์์๋๋ค. โ interest or profit us.
3. ์ธ์์์์ฑ๊ณต์๋ถ์ํ๋๊ณผ๋ฐ๋์๋์ผํ๊ฒ์์๋๋ค. (necessarily, the same)
โ Success in life as the acquirement of riches.
Quiz ๋ค์์ ์ํ์์ค.
The Earthโs magnetic field usually creates a barrier which protects the Earthfrom these charged particles, but not always.
I donโt like both of them. +
The temperature on the Sunโs surface is incredibly hot, about 6,000 Kelvin, but not
so hot when compared to the Sunโs plasma atmosphere, or corona, which is
estimated to be one to three million Kelvin.
not so hot ์์์๋ต๋์์๋ง์?
Tips ์ผ๋ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ฐ์ด๋ ์์ ๋ถ์ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ๊ณผ๋ ๋ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ๋ถ๋ถ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ถ์ ํ๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ๊ฐ ์๋ค. ์ด๊ฒ์ ๋ถ๋ถ ๋ถ์ ์ด๋ผ ํ๋ค. ์ผ๋ฐ์
์ผ๋ก ๋ถ์ ์ด(not, never)๊ฐ all, every, always, necessary, altogether, quite, both ๋ฑ๊ณผ ํจ๊ป ์ฐ์ฌ ๋ถ๋ถ ๋ถ์ ์
์ด๋ฃฌ๋ค. โ์ ์ฒด๊ฐ ~๋์๋๋ค, ํน์ ๊ฑฐ์๊ฐ ~์์๋๋คโ๋ผ๊ณ ํด์ํ๋ค.
โ
Grammar ๋ถ๋ถ๋ถ์
Structure ์๋ต
๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ฃผ์ด + ๋์ฌ + ๋ณด์ด, but + ๋ณด์ด + (๋ถ์ฌ์ ) + (๊ด๊ณ์ฌ์ )
when๊ณผ compared ์ฌ์ด์์๋ต๋์์๋ง์?
โ
์ฃผ์ด โ
๋์ฌ โ
๋ณด์ด โ
๋ณด์ด โ
(๋ถ์ฌ์ ) โ
(๊ด๊ณ์ฌ์ ) โ
์ฐ๊ฒฐ์ด butโ
not entirely free from
Not all books
is not necessarily the same thing
the temperature on the Sunโs surface is
is
incredibly hot, about 6,000 Kelvin
The temperature on the Sunโs surface not so hot when compared to the Sunโs plasmaatmosphere, or corona
which is estimated to be one tothree million Kelvin
the temperature on the Sunโs surface is
Chapter 01 21
P a s s a g e 0 1
๋ค์๋ฐ์ค์น์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง์๋ฌธ๋งฅ์๋ง๊ฒ ์ํ์์ค.
Writing 1. The Hinode spacecraft has been orbiting the Earth ~์๊ณ์์ง์ผ๋ณด๊ธฐ
์ํด the Sun.
2. The Sunโs corona ~๋ณด๋คํจ์ฌ๋๋จ๊ฒ๋ค the visible surface of the Sun.
5. Scientists want to know ์ด์๊ธฐ์ฅ๋ฐฉ๋ฒฝ์ด์์ ํ๋ง์๋ด์ง๋ชปํ๋์ด์ .
3. The temperature on the Sunโs surface is not so hot ~์๋น๊ตํ ๋
the Sunโs plasma atmosphere, or corona.
4. ~๋ผ๊ณ ์๊ฐ๋๋ค these waves might be releasing energy which is
heating the corona.
so as to keep a constant view of
is much hotter than
when compared to
It is thought that
why this magnetic barrier is not full-proof
22 Level 3-A
Neanderthal [niยฎndโฐรท^ยข;l] ๋ค์๋ฐ๋ฅดํ์ธ(ไบบ)์ hypothetically [hร ipโฐ^รจtikรli] ๊ฐ์ ํ์ฌ preserve [prizร;รทv] ๋ณด์กดํ๋ค
skull [sk<l] ๋๊ฐ๊ณจ specifically [spisรญfikโฐli] ์ ํํ๊ฒ sequence [sรญ;kwโฐns] ๋ฐฐ์ด, ์์ stock [stยฐk] ํํต, ๊ฐ๊ณ
pigment [pรญgmโฐnt] ์์ melanin [mรจlโฐnin] ๋ฉ๋ผ๋ determiner [ditร;รทminโฐรท] ๊ฒฐ์ ์ธ์
consequently [kยฃnsikwโฐntli] ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์ผ๋ก specimen [spรจsโฐmโฐn] ํ๋ณธ, ๊ฒฌ๋ณธ
Have you ever seen a picture of a Neanderthal caveman with red hair and pale
skin? Probably not. But a European research team has found that hypothetically
speaking some Neanderthals who inhabited Europe and Central Asia
approximately 230,000 to 30,000 years ago could have had such hair color as
well as light skin. Since the actual hair and skin of Neanderthals have not been
preserved, all the knowledge we have of Neanderthals comes from examining
fossils such as skull bones.
(A) Carles Lalueza, a professor of the University of
Barcelona, and some assistant researchers studied DNA
samples from Neanderthal fossils. (B) They looked
specifically at the sequence of the MC1R gene. (C) In
modern humans of European stock, this gene is
responsible for pale skin and red hair since this DNA
sequence directs cells to produce the pigment melanin
which is the primary determiner of hair and skin color
in humans. (D)
The research, however, revealed that this gene and the one in modern humans
are not identical. (E) Wanting to find out how this Neanderthal gene affected
melanin production, they conducted further tests. They inserted the Neanderthal
gene into cells that were growing in a test tube. The results showed that even
though the Neanderthal MC1R gene and the modern human MC1R gene were
different, they had the same effect on the production of melanin. Consequently,
the researchers conclude that it is possible that there were red-haired and fair-
skinned Neanderthals.
Science Technology NaturePassage
Chapter 01 23
1. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT correct?
โ Scientists have studied the hair and skin attached toNeanderthal fossils.
โก The sequence of the MC1R gene is what decides hair andskin color in humans.
โข The MC1R sequence of modern humans is different thanthat of Neanderthals.
โฃ It is the MC1R gene that commands cells to producemelanin in humans.
โค Discovered fossils of Neanderthals have been the onlysource of information.
2. ๋ค์๋ฐ๋ฅดํ์ธ์ ๋ํ ์คํ์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์ด๋ฅผ ํตํ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง๋ก ์ฐ์์ค.
Info Scan
Analysis
3. ๋ฐ์ค ์น identical๊ณผ ๋ฐ๊พธ์ด ์ธ ์ ์๋ ๋ง์?
โ discernible โก alike โข different
โฃ separated โค distinguishable
Vocabulary
4. (A)~(E) ์ค, ์ ํ๋ฆ์ ์ฃผ์ด์ง ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ด ๋ค์ด๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ์ฅ ์ ์ ํ ๊ณณ์?Coherence
Aim High Reading
๊ฒฐ๊ณผ:
๊ฒฐ๋ก :
โ (A) โก (B) โข (C)
โฃ (D) โค (E)
The researchers analyzed DNA samples from twoNeanderthal specimens from Spain and Italy.
๋ค์๋ฐ๋ฅดํ์ธ๊ณผํ๋์ธ์ MC1R ๋ฐฐ์ด์ด๋ค๋ฅด์ง๋ง, ๋ฉ๋ผ๋์์ฑ์๋ฏธ์น๋ ํฅ์๊ฐ๋ค.
๋นจ๊ฐ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์ํ์ํผ๋ถ๋ฅผ๊ฐ์ง๋ค์๋ฐ๋ฅดํ์ธ๋ค์ด์กด์ฌํ์๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
24 Level 3-A
1. She is not a musician but writes novels.
โ
2. I would like both free time and to be given extra money.
โ
3. We found the hotel very convenient and was not too expensive.
โ
Quiz ๋ค์๋ฌธ์ฅ์์๋งค๋๋ฝ์ง๋ชปํ๋ถ๋ถ์๊ณ ์ณ๋ค์์ฐ์์ค.
There were red-haired and fair-skinned Neanderthals.
She is very young and extremely intelligent.
The population of Korea is smaller than that of Japan.+
+
Some Neanderthals who inhabited Europe and Central Asia approximately 230,000
to 30,000 years ago could have had such hair color as well as light skin.
Some Neanderthals๋์ด๋ค์ฌ๋๋ค์ธ๊ฐ?
Tips ์ ์์ฌ๋ comma์ ์ํด ๋จ์ด, ๊ตฌ๋ ์ ์ด ์ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ ๋, ํน์ ๋น๊ต๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์์ ๋น๊ต์ ๋์์ด ๋๋ ๋ด์ฉ๋ค๋ผ๋ฆฌ๋ ๋์ผ ๋ฒ์ฃผ์
๋ฌธ๋ฒ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฐ๋์ผ๋ฒ์ฃผ์๋ด์ฉ์๋ณ์นํด์ผํ๋ค.
โ
์ฃผ์ด โ
๋์ฌ โ
๋ชฉ์ ์ด โ
Grammar ๋ณ๋ ฌ๊ตฌ์กฐ
Structure ํ์ฉ์ฌ์ ์๋ช ์ฌ์์
๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ฃผ์ด + ๋์ฌ + ๋ชฉ์ ์ด
She is not a musician but a novelist.
I would like both free time and extra money.
We found the hotel very convenient and not too expensive.
who inhabited Europe and ~ 30,000 years ago
Some Neanderthals who inhabited Europe and ~ 30,000 years ago
could have had
such hair color as well as light skin
Chapter 01 25
P a s s a g e 0 2
๋ค์๋ฐ์ค์น์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง์๋ฌธ๋งฅ์๋ง๊ฒ ์ํ์์ค.
Writing
3. This DNA sequence ์ธํฌ๋กํ์ฌ๊ธ~์์์ฑํ๋ผ๊ณ ์ง์ํ๋ค the pigment
melanin which is the primary determiner of hair and skin color in
humans.
4. The research, however, revealed that this gene and the one in
modern humans ๋์ผํ์ง์๋ค.
2. All the knowledge we have of Neanderthals ํ์์์กฐ์ฌํ๊ฒ์์๋์จ๋ค
such as skull bones.
5. The researchers conclude that it is possible that there were ๋นจ๊ฐ๋จธ๋ฆฌ
์นด๋ฝ์ํ์ํผ๋ถ์๋ค์๋ฐ๋ฅดํ์ธ๋ค.
1. But a European research team has found that hypothetically
speaking some Neanderthals ๊ทธ๋ฐ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์์๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์์์์๋์๋ค
as well as light skin.
could have had such hair color
comes from examining fossils
directs cells to produce
are not identical
red-haired and fair-skinned Neanderthals
26 Level 3-A
aerosol [ยฌรrโฐsโฅ;l]z๋ฌผ๋ฆฌยทํํ{์์ด๋ก์กธ minute [mainjรน;t] ๋ฏธ์ธํ, ์ฌ์ํ particle [pยฃ;รทtikl] ๋ถ์
byproduct [baiprยฃdโฐkt] ๋ถ์ฐ๋ฌผ grassland [grยฎslยฉnd] ๋ชฉ์ด์ง a host of ๋ง์ ~ radiation [rรฉidiรจiโซรn] ๋ณต์ฌ ์๋์ง
variable [vยฌรriโฐbรl] ๋ณ์ counteract [kร untโฐrยฎkt] (ํจ๊ณผ ๋ฑ์) ์์ ๋ค alter [โค;ltโฐรท] ๋ฐ๊พธ๋ค, ๋ณ๊ฒฝํ๋ค moisture [mโคistโซโฐรท] ์๋ถ, ์ต๊ธฐ
disperse [dispร;รทs] ํฉ๋จ๋ฆฌ๋ค concentration [kยขnsรntrรจiโซรn] ๋๋, ์ง์ค coalesce [kรฒuโฐlรจs] ์์ง์ํค๋ค
Aerosols, which are minute particles in the air, are produced naturally and by
human actions. Aerosols are a natural byproduct of chemical processes
occurring in volcanoes, dust storms, sea spray, grassland fires and a host of
other natural activities. Numerous human actions which can be in fact copies of
natural actions thus also create aerosols.
Aerosols have the effect of cooling the Earthโs
surface since they reflect light from the sun back into
space. When this occurs, less solar radiation warms
the Earthโs surface. The degree to which the Earth is
cooled depends on many variables, such as the size
and composition of the particles, as well as the
reflective properties of the materials on the Earthโs
surface immediately below the aerosols. Scientists are wondering if the cooling
effect of aerosols will counteract the greenhouse effect which has been warming
the Earthโs surface for the last few decades.
(A) Aerosols are also thought to indirectly influence the climate of the Earth by
altering the composition of clouds. (B) In fact, without aerosols in the
atmosphere, there would be no clouds. Minute aerosol particles are the โseedsโ
which begin the process of the formation of cloud droplets. (C) As the number
of aerosol particles increases inside a cloud, the moisture in that cloud disperses
into each aerosol particle thus reducing the concentration of water in each
particle. (D) This has two consequences โ clouds with smaller drops reflect
more sunlight, and such clouds last longer, because it takes more time for small
drops to coalesce into drops that are large enough to fall to the ground. (E)
Science Technology NaturePassage
Chapter 01 27
1. According to the passage, which of the following is true?
โ Aerosols result in human activities that are similar to nature.
โก Aerosols are one of the main causes for global warming.
โข Aerosols reflect most of the harmful sunlight back to space.
โฃ Aerosols can be created from many different Earth activities.
โค Aerosols can lower the Earthโs temperature to a dangerouslevel.
2. aerosol์ด ๋ง๋๋ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ์ ํฅ์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง๋ก ์ค๋ช ํ์์ค.
Info Scan
Analysis
3. ๊ณผํ์๋ค์ด aerosols์ ๊ด์ฌ์ ๊ฐ๋ ์ด์ ๋ฅผ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง๋ก ์ฐ์์ค.Detail
4. (A)~(E) ์ค, ๋ค์ ์ฃผ์ด์ง ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ด ๋ค์ด๊ฐ๊ธฐ์ ๊ฐ์ฅ ์ ์ ํ ๊ณณ์?Coherence
Aim High Reading
ํฅ 1:
ํฅ 2:
โ (A) โก (B) โข (C)
โฃ (D) โค (E)
Both the effects increase the amount of sunlight that isreflected into space without reaching the surface.
ํ์๋น์๋์๋ฐ์ฌํ๋ค.
๋ ์ค๋ซ๋์๊ตฌ๋ฆ์ธ์ํ๋ฅผ์ ์งํ๋ค.
์ง๊ตฌ์จ๋ํ๋ฅผ๋ฐฉ์งํ ์์์๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋๊ธฐ๋๋๋ฌธ์
28 Level 3-A
1. ์ค๋ ฅ์ด์๋ค๋ฉด, ์ฌ๊ณผ๋๋ ์๋จ์ด์ง์ง์์๊ฒ์ด๋ค. (gravity, without)
โ , an apple would not fall to the ground.
2. ๊ทธ๊ธฐ์ ์ด์๋์๋ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ ํ์ต๊ฒฝํ์ด์ ์ฉํ ์์์๊น? (but)
โ Would the learning experience be available ?
Quiz ๋ค์์ ์ํ์์ค.
In fact, without aerosols in the atmosphere, there would be no clouds.
Without your help, I could not succeed.= But for your help, I could not succeed.= If it were not for your help, I could not succeed.
+
The degree to which the Earth is cooled depends on many variables, such as the
size and composition of the participles, as well as the reflective properties of the
materials on the Earthโs surface immediately below the aerosols.
Tips ์ผ๋ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก๊ฐ์ ๋ฒ๋ฌธ์ฅ์์ ์์ฌ if๊ฐ์ด๋๋์กฐ๊ฑด์ ๊ณผ๊ท๊ฒฐ์ ๋ก์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ ธ์๋๋ฐ, ์กฐ๊ฑด์ ์๋์ ํ๋ํํ๋ค์ด์๋ค.
Grammar ๊ฐ์ ๋ฒ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋์ฉ
Structure ๋ณตํฉ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ
๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ฃผ์ด + ๋์ฌ + ๋ชฉ์ ์ด + (๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ) + (๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ) + (๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ) + (๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ)
The degree๋์ด๋ค์จ๋๋ฅผ๋งํ๋๊ฐ?
(ํด์)โ
many variables๋์ด๋ค๋ณ์๋ค์๋งํ๋์ง๋๊ฐ์ง์ฐ์์ค.
์ฃผ์ด โ
๋์ฌ โ
(๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ) โ
(๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ) โ
๋ชฉ์ ์ด โ (๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ) โ
(๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ)โ
โ
Without gravity
but for the technology
to which the Earth is cooled ์ง๊ตฌ๊ฐ์์ํด์ง์์๋์จ๋
the size and composition of the participles
โ the reflective properties ~ below the aerosols
The degree to which the Earth is cooled
depends on
many variables
as well as the reflective properties ofthe materials
on the Earthโs surface
immediately below the aerosols
such as the size and composition of the participles
Chapter 01 29
P a s s a g e 0 3
๋ค์๋ฐ์ค์น์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง์๋ฌธ๋งฅ์๋ง๊ฒ ์ํ์์ค.
Writing
3. The cooling effect of aerosols will counteract the greenhouse effect
~์๋ฅํ์ค๊ณ ์๋ the Earthโs surface for the last few decades.
2. The degree ์ฌ๋ฌ๊ฐ์ง๋ณ์์๋ฐ๋ผ๋ค๋ฅด๋ค, such as the size and
composition of the particles, as well as the reflective properties.
4. In fact, without aerosols in the atmosphere, ๊ตฌ๋ฆ๋์์๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
1. Aerosols ~ํ๋ํจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ์ง๋๊ณ ์๋ค cooling the Earthโs surface.
5. (~๊ฐ ...ํ๋ ๋ฐ์) ๋ ๋ง์์๊ฐ์ด๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋ค for small drops to coalesce into
drops that are large enough to fall to the ground.
have the effect of
depends on many variables
which has been warming
there would be no clouds.
It takes more time
30 Level 3-A
ignition [ignรญโซรn] ์ ํ satellite [sยฎtรlร it] ์์ฑ enormous [inโค;รทmโฐs] ๋ง๋ํ, ๊ฑฐ๋ํ obstacle [ยฃbstโฐkรl] ์ฅ์ (๋ฌผ)
hiccup [hรญk<p] ๋ธ๊พน์ง, ์ฝ๊ฐ์ ๋ฌธ์ exception [iksรจpโซรn] ์์ธ, ์ ์ธ adopt [โฐdยฃpt] ์ฑํํ๋ค
replace A with B A๋ฅผ B๋ก ๊ต์ฒดํ๋ค activation [ยฎktivรจiโซรn] ํ์ฑ(ํ) launch pad ๋ฐ์ฌ๋
Before the โignition buttonโ is pushed to launch a satellite, an enormous
number of obstacles have usually been overcome. Projects of this nature
normally have tons of hiccups along the way and Terra, launched on December
18, 1999, was no exception to this rule. Terra Project Manager Kevin Grady is a
positive manager who sees the glass as half full rather than half empty. And he
needed to overcome the obstacles in the projectโs way.
The first obstacle was that Gradyโs veteran launch team
had to master a new flight operation system that had never
before been used by NASA. Six months before the initial
launch date in December 1998, mission managers realized
that the flight operation system that they had been working
with had too many problems and they decided to abandon
it and adopt a new one. Consequently, the launch date was
delayed for six months.
Then close to the launch date a company supplying rockets that would be used
to launch Terra into space discovered that the rocketโs engine had a serious
problem which could cause a launch failure. Since they had to fix or replace it
with a new one, a new launch date had to be set, again!
As the new date of December 16 approached, Grady kept his team thinking
positively, telling them โSpacecraft operations and activation provide
opportunities for us to excel.โ On the 16th, Grady thought his team was โwell
preparedโ and there would be no further delays. Even though Grady and his
team were well prepared, Terra stood ready on the launch pad another 48 hours
before lift off.
Science Technology NaturePassage
Chapter 01 31
1. Which of the following is correct?
โ The Terra Project Manager was not very experienced inlaunching satellites.
โก It took 48 hours for the team to set the satellite Terra on thelaunch pad.
โข Launch team had to repair the previous operation systemfor almost a year.
โฃ The first launch attempt failed because of one of the rocketengines.
โค It took several months for the team to learn about the newoperation system.
2. ๋ฐ์ค ์น it์ด ๊ฐ๋ฆฌํค๋ ๋ง์ ๋ณธ๋ฌธ์์ ์ฐพ์ ์ฐ์์ค.
Info Scan
Reference
3. Terra Project์ ๋ ๊ฐ์ง ์ฅ์ ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ธ๊ธ๋ ๊ฒ์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง๋ก ์ค๋ช ํ์์ค. Analysis
4. How many times was the Terra launch postponed? (in English)Detail
Aim High Reading
the flight operation system that they had been working with
์ด ์์คํ ์๋ฌธ์ ์ ๋ฐ๊ฒฌ์ผ๋ก์ธํ์๋ก์ด์ด ์์คํ ์ผ๋ก๊ต์ฒด
๋ก์ผ์์ง์๋ฌธ์ ๋ฐ๊ฒฌ์ผ๋ก์ธํด์์ง์๋ฆฌ๋๋๊ต์ฒด
three times
32 Level 3-A
1. ๋๋๋ ธํธ๋ถ์ปดํจํฐ๊ฐ์๋? โ ์๋, ํ์ง๋ง ์ฐ๋ฆฌ์ค๋น ๋ํ๋์์ด. ๊ทธ๋ ๊ทธ๊ฒ์์ด์ ์๊ฑฐ๋ .
โ Do you have a notebook computer?
โ No, but my brother . He yesterday.
2. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์๋๋์ผ๋ณธ์์๋๋ณด๋ค๋ํฌ๋ค.
โ The capital of the U.S.A. is larger .
Quiz ๋ค์์ ์ํ์์ค.
They decided to abandon it and adopt a new one.
They had to fix or replace it with a new one.
Do you need a pen? โ Yes, I need one. <a pen>
Do you need this pen? โ Yes, I need it. <the pen>+
+
The flight operation system that they had been working with had too many
problems.
Tips one์ ์ ์ ์๋ ๋ช ์ฌ์ ๋ฐ๋ณต์ ํผํ๊ธฐ ์ํด์ ์ฌ์ฉ(์ฆ, ๋๋ช ์ฌ๋ก ์ฌ์ฉ)ํ๋๋ฐโ๊ฐ์ ์ข ๋ฅโ์ ๊ฒ์ ๋ํ๋ธ๋ค. ๋ณต์ํ์
ones์ด๋ค. ํํธ, ๋นํน์ ์๊ฒ์๊ฐ๋ฆฌํค๋ one๊ณผ๋๋ฌ๋ฆฌ, ํน์ ํ๊ฒ์์ง์นญํ ๋๋ it์ด๋ that์์ฌ์ฉํ๋ค.
์ฃผ์ด โ
๋์ฌ โ
๋ชฉ์ ์ด โ
Grammar ๋๋ช ์ฌ one๊ณผ it
Structure ํ์ฉ์ฌ์ ์๋ช ์ฌ์์
๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ฃผ์ด + ๋์ฌ + ๋ชฉ์ ์ด
The flight operation system์์ด๋ค์ด ์์คํ ์๋งํ๋๊ฐ?
(ํด์)
โ
โ
has one bought it
than that of Japan
that they had been working with
๊ทธ๋ค์ด์ผํด์ค๊ณ ์๋๋นํ์ด ์์คํ
The flight operation system that they had been working with
had
too many problems
Chapter 01 33
P a s s a g e 0 4
๋ค์๋ฐ์ค์น์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง์๋ฌธ๋งฅ์๋ง๊ฒ ์ํ์์ค.
Writing
2. Terra Project Manager Kevin Grady is a positive manager who sees
the glass as half full ์ ๋ฐ๋น์๋ค๊ธฐ๋ณด๋ค๋.
1. Terra, launched on December 18, 1999, ์ด๊ท์น์์์ธ๊ฐ์๋์๋ค.
5. Grady thought his team was โwell preparedโ and ๋์ด์์์ง์ฐ์์์
๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
4. A company supplying rockets ~์๋ฐ์ฌ์ํค๋๋ฐ์ฌ์ฉ๋ Terra into
space discovered that the rocketโs engine had a serious problem.
3. The first obstacle was that Gradyโs veteran launch team had to
master a new flight operation system that ์ ํ์ฌ์ฉ๋์ด๋ณธ์ ์ด์์๋ค
by NASA.
rather than half empty
was no exception to this rule
had never before been used
that would be used to launch
there would be no further delays
Review
34 Level 3-A
A ๋ค์ ๋จ์ด์ ๋ป์ ์ฐ์์ค.
B A์ ๋จ์ด๋ฅผ ํ์ฉํ์ฌ ๋ค์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง์ ๋ง๊ฒ ์ํ์์ค.
01. ์ฌ์ํ์ฐจ์ด๋ค
02. ํ์ฐ์ํญ๋ฐ
03. ๋ณด์กด์ํ
04. ์ฒ์์์ํ๋ค
05. ์ฑ๊ณต์์์ฅ์ ๋ฌผ
06. ๋ฌธํ์๋ฐ์ ์์ ํดํ๋ค
C A์ ๋จ์ด๋ฅผ ํ์ฉํ์ฌ ๋ค์ ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ๋น์นธ์ ๋ฌธ๋งฅ์ ์๋ง์ ๋ง์ ์ฐ์์ค.
01. A(n) is the remains or evidence of any creature that once lived on
the Earth.
02. If two or more things , they come together and form a larger
group or system.
03. If you a new attitude, plan, or way of behaving, you begin to
have it.
04. If you that something will happen, you think that thing will
happen because of various facts you have considered.
05. A(n) is an object that goes around, or orbits, a larger object, such
as a planet.
06. A(n) of events or things is a number of events or things that come
one after another in a particular order.
01. adopt
02. coalesce
03. eruption
04. fossil
05. hypothesize
06. inhabit
07. interfere with
08. minute
09. obstacle
10. preserve
11. satellite
12. sequence
์ฑํํ๋ค
์์ง์ํค๋ค
๋ถ์ถ, ํญ๋ฐ
ํ์
๊ฐ์ค์์ธ์ฐ๋ค
~์์ด๋ค, ~์ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ๋ค
~์๋ฐฉํดํ๋ค, ๊ฐ์ญํ๋ค
๋ฏธ์ธํ, ์ฌ์ํ
์ฅ์ (๋ฌผ)
๋ณด์กดํ๋ค
์์ฑ
๋ฐฐ์ด, ์์
minute differences
eruption of a volcano
preserved food
inhabit a forest
obstacles to success
interfere with cultural development
fossil
coalesce
adopt
hypothesize
satellite
sequence
a.
Chapter 01 35
Passages 01~04
D ๋ค์ ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ๋น์นธ์ ์ด๋ฒ์ ์๋ง์ ๊ฒ์ ๊ณ ๋ฅด์์ค.
01. We found the place very large and .
โ not too crowded โก too not crowded โข crowded not too
02. She can either ask for a bonus or .
โ has a paid vacation โก have a paid vacation โข can have a paid vacation
03. The shape and the color of your phone are much better than .
โ mine โก that of mine โข those of mine
04. He is not an actor but .
โ sings a song โก singing songs โข a singer
05. I donโt have a pen. But I can borrow from my friends.
โ one โก the one โข that
06. He at work. (๊ทธ๋ ํญ์๋ฐ์๊ฒ์์๋๋ค.)
โ is always not busy โก is not always busy โข is not busy always
07. , I wouldnโt have succeeded in the project.
โ If it is not for you โก Without your helping me โข Without you helped me
08. Would it be possible for me to earn that much money ?
โ but your assisting โก but your assistance for โข but for your assistance
09. Losing mean failure.
โ necessarily does not โก does necessarily not โข does not necessarily
10. interesting. (๋ชจ๋ ์ผ๊ฐ์ฌ๋ฏธ์๋๊ฒ์์๋๋ค.)
โ Not every show is โก Every show is not โข All shows are not
Chapter 02
Aim High Reading | Level 3-A
Passage 05_
How to Fly Like a Bat
Passage 06_
Pythagoras
Passage 07_
Roman Aqueducts
Passage 08_
Chicken Eggs as Drug Factories
abruptly ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทadhere to ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
alter ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
aqueduct ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทartificial ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
association ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทastronomer ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทattain ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทbe concerned about ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทbe familiar with ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทbe released from ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทcanal ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
civil engineer ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทcolossal ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทconsumption ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทcontrary to ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทcritical ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทcurl ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
curve ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทdespicable ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทdevotee ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทdiscard ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทdistribution ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
diversity ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทdose ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
ensure ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
eruption ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
feasible ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
feat ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทfeed ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทflap ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทflatten ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
flexible ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทfountain ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
genetically ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทgradient ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
๊ฐ์์ค๋ฝ๊ฒ
~์์ง์ฐฉํ๋ค, ๊ณ ์ํ๋ค
๋ณ๊ฒฝํ๋ค, ๋ฐ๊พธ๋ค
์๋ก, ๋์๊ด
์ธ๊ณต์
ํํ, ๋จ์ฒด
์ฒ๋ฌธํ์
ํ๋ํ๋ค, ์ป๋ค
~์๊ด์ฌ์ด์๋ค
~์์์๊ณ ์๋ค
~์๋ฒ์ด๋๋ค
์ดํ
ํ ๋ชฉ๊ธฐ์ฌ
๊ฑฐ๋ํ, ๊ต์ฅํ
์๋น
~์๋๋ฌ๋ฆฌ
๊ผญํ์ํ
๊ฐ๋ค, ๋นํ๋ค
๊ตฌ๋ถ๋ฆฌ๋ค
์ผ๋นํ, ๋น์ดํ
์ด์ฑ๊ฐ
๋ฒ๋ฆฌ๋ค
๋ณด๊ธ, ๋ฐฐ๋ถ
๋ค์์ฑ, ๋ณํ
(์ฝ์) 1ํ๋ถ
ํ์คํ๊ฒํ๋ค
๋ถ์ถ
ํธ๋ฆฌํ, ์ฉ์ดํ
๋ฌ๊ธฐ, ์ฌ์ฃผ, ๊ณก์
๋จน์ด๋ฅผ๋จน์ด๋ค
(๋ ๊ฐ๋ฅผ) ํ๋ญ์ด๋ค
ํํํ๊ฒํ๋ค
์ ์ฐํ, ๊ตฌ๋ถ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ฌ์ด
์
์ ์ ํ์ ์ผ๋ก
๊ฒฝ์ฌ๋, ๊ธฐ์ธ๊ธฐ
gymnastics ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทhygiene ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทimmense ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทimpose ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
imprison ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
incredible ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทingredient ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทintricate ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทmass produce ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทmimic ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทmolecule ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทno longer ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
nourishment ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
pass on to ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทpill ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทpredict ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทpreservation ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทprotein ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทpurity ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทreform ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทreincarnation ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทrelease ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทreliable ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทremoval ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทresident ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทreveal ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทrigid ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
sect ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
sewage ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทsophisticated ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทsubject ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทsuck ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
tablet ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทterritory ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทtyrant ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทuncertainty ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
์ฒด์ก
์์์ํ, ์ฒญ๊ฒฐํจ
๋ง๋ํ
๋ถ๊ณผํ๋ค
๊ตฌ์ํ๋ค, ๊ฐ๊ธํ๋ค
๋ฏฟ์์์๋, ์์ฒญ๋
์ฑ๋ถ, ์ฌ๋ฃ
๋ณต์กํ, ๋ค์ฝํ
๋๋์์ฐํ๋ค
ํ๋ด๋ด๋ค, ๋ชจ๋ฐฉํ๋ค
๋ถ์
๋์ด์~๊ฐ์๋๋ค
์์๋ฌผ, ์
~์๊ฒ๋ฌผ๋ ค์ฃผ๋ค
์์ฝ
์์ธกํ๋ค
๋ณดํธ, ๋ณด์กด
๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง
์์, ์ฒญ๊ฒฐ
๊ฐํ
ํ์
ํด๋ฐฉ
ํ์คํ, ๋ฏฟ์ ์์๋
์ ๊ฑฐ
๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์
๋๋ฌ๋ด๋ค
์๊ฒฉํ
ํํ
ํ์์ค๋ฌผ
๋ณต์กํ
๊ณผ๋ชฉ, ์ฃผ์
๋นจ๋ค, ๋นจ์ ๋จน๋ค
์ ์
ํ
ํญ๊ตฐ
๋ถํ์ค์ฑ
Vocabulary Pre-check ์๊ณ ์๋๋จ์ด์์ฒดํฌํ๊ณ ๋จ์ด๋ค์๋ป์์ฐ์์ค.
v.
38 Level 3-A
diversity [divร;รทsโฐti] ๋ค์์ฑ, ๋ณํ suck [s<k] ๋นจ๋ค, ๋นจ์ ๋จน๋ค nourishment [nร;riโซmโฐnt] ์์๋ฌผ, ์ mammal [mยฎmรl] ํฌ์ ๋ฅ
flexible [flรจksโฐbรl] ์ ์ฐํ, ๊ตฌ๋ถ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์ฌ์ด abruptly [โฐbr=ptli] ๊ฐ์์ค๋ฝ๊ฒ reveal [rivรญ;l] ๋๋ฌ๋ด๋ค intricate [รญntrโฐkit] ๋ณต์กํ, ๋ค์ฝํ
flatten [flยฎtn] ํํํ๊ฒ ํ๋ค rather [rยฎ"โฐรท] ์คํ๋ ค curve [kโฐ;รทv] ๊ตฌ๋ถ๋ฆฌ๋ค curl [kโฐ;รทl] ๊ฐ๋ค, ๋นํ๋ค
flap [flรฆp] (๋ ๊ฐ๋ฅผ) ํ๋ญ์ด๋ค mimic [mรญmik] ํ๋ด๋ด๋ค, ๋ชจ๋ฐฉํ๋ค volcanic [vยฐlkยฎnik] ํ์ฐ์ eruption [ir=pโซรn] ๋ถ์ถ
The bat world is full of diversity. Not only do different types of bats have
different diets, ranging from fruits to insects, but also some bats use sound
waves to move around while others use eyes. Moreover, of the over 1,200
species of bats in the world, only a few suck blood for nourishment. But what
all bats have in common is, other than being the only flying mammals in
existence, flexible wings that allow them to perform flying feats. Bats change
direction very quickly, turning up, down or around abruptly and unexpectedly.
(A) High-speed video cameras have been used to film
the flying motions of bats, revealing details about the
mechanisms of bat flight. (B) The intricate nature of
the batsโ flight patterns shocked scientists at first
because they were so much different than the flight
patterns of birds which scientists thought would be
similar to bats. (C) Bats never flatten their wings like
an airplane when they are flying. Rather the wings of bats curve, curl, and
change direction constantly as they fly. (D) Even if airplanes flapped their
wings like bats, they still wouldnโt be mimicking accurately the flight pattern of
bats. (E)
Scientists will continue studying the flight patterns of bats in the hope that they
can one day be able to design airplanes and other types of flying machines that
will fly like bats do. Bat-like flying machines could be a big help fighting in
war and in emergency situations like fires, earthquakes, or volcanic eruptions,
to rescue people from tight, collapsed spaces or perform other tasks.
Science Technology NaturePassage
Chapter 02 39
1. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
โ Some bats rely on their eyes to see things.
โก Some bats depend on sound waves to fly around.
โข Some bats eat vegetables while others drink animal blood.
โฃ Batsโ flight patterns are very similar to those of many birds.
โค Scientists are trying to create a machine that can fly like abat.
2. ์๋ ๋นํ๊ธฐ์ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐ์ฅ ๋นํ์ ํน์ง์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง๋ก ์ค๋ช ํ์์ค.
Info Scan
Analysis
3. (A)~(E) ์ค, ์ ํ๋ฆ์ ์ฃผ์ด์ง ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ด ๋ค์ด๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ์ฅ ์ ์ ํ ๊ณณ์?Coherence
4. ๋ฐ์ค ์น feats์ ๋ฐ๊พธ์ด ์ธ ์ ์๋ ๋ง์?
โ patterns
โก abilities
โข courses
โฃ stunts
โค directions
Vocabulary
Aim High Reading
โ (A) โก (B) โข (C)
โฃ (D) โค (E)
That is because the curving and curling of the wing is thekey which allows bats to fly the way they do.
๋ ๋ฉด์๋ ๊ฐ๋ฅผ๊ตฌ๋ถ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋๋นํ๋ฉด์๋์์์ด๋ฐฉํฅ์๋ฐ๊พผ๋ค.
40 Level 3-A
1. ๊ทธ๋, ๋ด๊ฐ ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ๋ก๋, ์๋ํ ์ ์น๊ฐ์ด๋ค. โ He is, , a great statesman.
2. ๊ทธ๋ ๋, ๋ด๊ฐ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์๋, ๋งค์ฐ ํ๋์ ์ด๊ณ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์ ์ด๋ค. (seem) โ She is, , very active and creative.
3. ํ๋ฒ๋ด๋ฑ์๋ง์, ์ผ๋จ ๋ฐ์ฌ๋ํํ์ฒ๋ผ, ํ์๋ ์์๋ค. (bullet, fire)
โ Words once spoken, , canโt be recalled.
Quiz ๋ค์์ ์ํ์์ค.
What all bats have in common is, (other than being the only flying mammals inexistence,) flexible wings that allow them to perform flying feats.
They were so much different than the flight patterns of birds which (scientiststhought) would be similar to bats.
What all bats have in common is, other than being the only flying mammals in
existence, flexible wings that allow them to perform flying feats.
์ด๋ฌธ์ฅ์์์ฝ์ ๋์ ์น์ฌ๊ตฌ๋?
Tips ์ฝ์ ์ด๋ ์์ ๋ณด์ถฉ ์ค๋ช ์ ์ํด ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ด๊ตฌ๋ ์ ์ ์ฒจ๊ฐํ๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ๋ฅผ ๋งํ๋ค. ์ฝ์ ์ ์์๊ณผ ๋์ ๋ช ๋ฐฑํ๊ฒ ํ๊ธฐ ์ํด,
์๋ค์ ์ฝค๋ง(,)๋ โ๋ฅผ ๋ฃ์ด์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ ํ๋ค. ์ฝ์ ํํ์ ๋ง์ ๋จ์ง ๊พธ๋ฉฐ ์ฃผ๋ ์ญํ ๋ง ํ๋ฏ๋ก, ์๋ตํด๋ ๋จ์ ์๋ ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ
์ ์ผ๋ก์๋ฒฝํด์ผํ๋ค.
โ
Grammar ์ฝ์ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ
Structure what/if/whether๊ฐ์ด๋๋๋ช ์ฌ์
๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ฃผ์ด + ๋์ฌ + (์ ์น์ฌ๊ตฌ) + ๋ณด์ด + (๊ด๊ณ์ฌ์ )
์ฃผ์ดWhat์๋ณด์ด๊ฐ๋๋๋ง์?
โ
์ฃผ์ด โ
๋์ฌ โ
(์ ์น์ฌ๊ตฌ) โ
๋ณด์ด โ
(๊ด๊ณ์ฌ์ ) โ
I believe
it seems to me
like bullets once fired
other than being the only flying mammals in existence
flexible wings
What all bats have in common
is
flexible wings
that allow them to perform flying feats
other than being the only flying mammals in existence
Chapter 02 41
P a s s a g e 0 5
๋ค์๋ฐ์ค์น์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง์๋ฌธ๋งฅ์๋ง๊ฒ ์ํ์์ค.
Writing 1. ๋ค์ํ์ข ๋ฅ์๋ฐ์ฅ๋ค์~์๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์์๋ฟ๋ง์๋๋ผ different diets, but also
some bats use sound waves to move around.
2. ๋ชจ๋ ๋ฐ์ฅ๋ค์ด๊ณตํต์ ์ผ๋ก๊ฐ๋๊ฒ์ is flexible wings that allow them to
perform flying feats.
4. Bats ๋ ๊ฐ๋ฅผ๊ฒฐ์ฝํํํ๊ฒํ์ง์๋๋ค like an airplane when they are
flying.
3. They were so much different than the flight patterns of birds which
scientists thought ๋ฐ์ฅ์๋น์ทํ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
5. That is because the curving and curling of the wing is the key which
๋ฐ์ฅ๋กํ์ฌ๊ธ๊ทธ๋ค์ดํ๋๊ทธ๋ฐ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ผ๋ก๋ ์์๊ฒํ๋ค.
Not only do different types of bats have
What all bats have in common
would be similar to bats
never flatten their wings
allows bats to fly the way they do
42 Level 3-A
devotee [dรฉvoยจtรญ;] ์ด์ฑ๊ฐ tyrant [tรกiรrโฐnt] ํญ๊ตฐ sect [sekt] ํํ reincarnation [rรฌ;inkยฐ;รทnรจiโซรn] ํ์
preservation [prรฉzโฐรทvรจiโซรn] ๋ณดํธ, ๋ณด์กด purity [pjรนรrโฐti] ์์, ์ฒญ๊ฒฐ imprison [imprรญzรn] ๊ฐ๋๋ค release [rilรญ;s] ํด๋ฐฉ(ํ๋ค)
adhere to ~์ ๊ณ ์ํ๋ค rigid [rรญd,id] ์๊ฒฉํ hygiene [hรกid,i;n] ์์ ์ํ, ์ฒญ๊ฒฐํจ gymnastics [d,imnยฎstiks] ์ฒด์ก
impose [impรณuz] ๋ถ๊ณผํ๋ค astronomer [โฐstrยฃnโฐmโฐรท] ์ฒ๋ฌธํ์ reform [ri;fโค;รทm] ๊ฐํ immense [imรจns] ๋ง๋ํ
territory [tรจrโฐtโฅ;ri] ํ
Pythagoras is believed to have journeyed to Egypt, Babylon and then Samos so
that he could study advanced mathematics. After a while, he and his devotees
left Samos because of political uncertainties and the despicable actions of
Samosโs tyrant Polikrates. They established a kind of sect in southern Italy.
Unlike many other sects of the day, they accepted women as their members who
were highly respected in the region.
Since Pythagoras also believed in reincarnation, he was
deeply concerned about the preservation of the soul and
its purity. The sect wanted to end the process of
reincarnation so that the soul could finally be released
from the body which was believed to be imprisoning the
soul. To achieve release, the sect focused on improving
self-discipline by adhering to rigid rules about hygiene
and eating. Also, the sect members studied the principal
subjects, including mathematics, music, gymnastics and medicine for five years
while keeping silent. It is unknown whether all these rules were imposed by
Pythagoras himself or were the products of his followers.
In addition, contrary to popular belief, it was not Pythagoras who discovered the
famous โsentence of Pythagorasโ but the Babylonians. Babylonian astronomers
had discovered that the orbits of the bodies in the sky followed mathematical
patterns and . Pythagoras is also known to have
influenced reforms in the political system since the โassociationsโ started by his
followers often managed to attain immense political influence in a given territory.
Person HistoryPassage
Chapter 02 43
1. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT correct?
โ Pythagoras had much political influence on the society.
โก Pythagoras and his followers were highly admired.
โข Pythagoras made strict rules of self-discipline and study.
โฃ Pythagoras believed that his spirit would be born again.
โค Pythagoras allowed even females in his sect as members.
2. ๋ฐ์ค ์น despicable๊ณผ ๋ฐ๊พธ์ด ์ธ ์ ์๋ ๋จ์ด๊ฐ ์๋ ๊ฒ์?
โ brutal
โก vicious
โข cruel
โฃ savage
โค considerate
Info Scan
Vocabulary
3. ๋น์นธ์ ๋ค์ด๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ฅ ์ ์ ํ ๋ง์?
โ could be released
โก could be predicted
โข could be varied
โฃ could be controlled
โค could be rearranged
Coherence
4. What are the rules imposed by the sect of Pythagoras? (in Korean)Analysis
Aim High Reading
์ฒญ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์์ฌ์๋ํ์๊ฒฉํ๊ท์จ์ํตํด์๊ธฐ์๋ จํ๋ค.
5๋ ๋์์นจ๋ฌต์์์์ฃผ์๊ณผ๋ชฉ์๊ณต๋ถํ๋ค.
44 Level 3-A
1. ๊ทธ๋์ ์์๋๋ถ์ ํ๋๊ฒ๊ฐ๋ค.
โ He in his youth.
2. Michael Jordan์ ์ต๊ณ ์๋๊ตฌ์ ์ ๋ค๊ณ ๋ฏฟ์ด์ง๋ค.
โ Michael Jordan is the best basketball player.
Quiz ์๋ฃ๋ถ์ ์ฌ๋ฅผ์ด์ฉํ์ฌ๋ค์์ ์ํ์์ค.
Pythagoras is believed to have journeyed to Egypt, Babylon and then Samos.
Pythagoras is also known to have influenced reforms in the political system.
The โassociationsโ started by his followers often managed to attain immense
political influence in a given territory.
Tips ๋ถ์ ์ฌ๊ฐ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ์์ ์๋ 2๊ฐ์ง๊ฐ ์๋ค. ํ๋๋ ๋จ์๋ถ์ ์ฌ์ด๊ณ ๋ ํ๋๋ ์๋ฃ๋ถ์ ์ฌ์ด๋ค. ๋ถ์ ์ฌ์ ์๋ฃ์์ ๋ ๋ถ์
์ฌ๊ฐ๋ค์ด์๋๋ฌธ์ฅ์์์ ๋ณด๋ค๊ทธ์ด์ ์์์ ๋ฅผ๋ํ๋ธ๋ค. ์ฆ, ์ฃผ๋ฌธ์ฅ์์์ ๊ฐํ์ฌ์ด๋ฉด์๋ฃ๋ถ์ ์ฌ๋๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ๋ํ๋ด๊ณ ,
์ฃผ๋ฌธ์ฅ์์์ ๊ฐ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ด๋ฉด์๋ฃ๋ถ์ ์ฌ๋๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ด์ ์์ผ์ฆ, ๋๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ๋ํ๋ธ๋ค.
Grammar ๋ถ์ ์ฌ์์๋ฃ์์
Structure ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ์๋ช ์ฌ์์
๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ฃผ์ด + ๋์ฌ + ๋ชฉ์ ์ด + (์ ์น์ฌ๊ตฌ)
associations๋์ด๋ค๋จ์ฒด๋ฅผ๋งํ๋๊ฐ?
(ํด์)
โ
โ
์ฃผ์ด โ
๋์ฌ โ
๋ชฉ์ ์ด โ
(์ ์น์ฌ๊ตฌ) โ
R๋์ฌ manage๊ฐ๋ค์๋ถ์ ์ฌ๋ฅผ๋ชฉ์ ์ด๋ฅผ์ทจํ๋๊ฒ์ผ๋ก์ทจ๊ธํ ๋ค.
seems to have been rich
believed to have been
started by his followers
๊ทธ์์ถ์ข ์๋ค์์ํด์์๋๋จ์ฒด๋ค
The โassociationsโ started by hisfollowers
often managed
to attain immense political influence
in a given territory
Chapter 02 45
P a s s a g e 0 6
๋ค์๋ฐ์ค์น์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง์๋ฌธ๋งฅ์๋ง๊ฒ ์ํ์์ค.
Writing 1. Unlike many other sects of the day, they accepted women as their
members ๊ทธ์ง์ญ์์๋๋จํ์กด๊ฒฝ๋ฐ๋.
2. Pythagoras also ํ์์๋ฏฟ์๋ค.
3. The soul could finally ~์์๋ฒ์ด๋์ง๋ค the body.
5. ~์ธ์ง์๋์ง์๋ ค์ ธ์์ง์๋ค all these rules were imposed by
Pythagoras himself or were the products of his followers.
4. The sect focused on improving self-discipline ์๊ฒฉํ๊ท์น์๊ณ ์ํจ์ผ๋ก์จ
about hygiene and eating.
who were highly respected in the region
believed in reincarnation
be released from
by adhering to rigid rules
It is unknown whether
46 Level 3-A
civil engineer ํ ๋ชฉ ๊ธฐ์ฌ colossal [kโฐlยฃsรl] ๊ฑฐ๋ํ, ๊ต์ฅํ incredible [inkrรจdโฐbรl] ๋ฏฟ์ ์ ์๋
be familiar with ~์ ์ ์๊ณ ์๋ค aqueduct [ยฎkwโฐd>kt] ์๋ก, ๋์๊ด critical [krรญtikรl] ๊ผญ ํ์ํ
resident [rรจzidรnt] ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ removal [rimรน;vโฐl] ์ ๊ฑฐ distribution [dรฌstrโฐbjรน;โซรn] ๋ณด๊ธ, ๋ฐฐ๋ถ sewage [sรน;id,] ํ์ ์ค๋ฌผ
as well ๊ฒ๋ค๊ฐ, ~๋ ๋ํ canal [kโฐnยฎl] ์ดํ spot [spยฐt] ์ฅ์, ์ง์ discard [diskยฃ;รทd] ๋ฒ๋ฆฌ๋ค
gradient [grรจidiโฐnt] ๊ฒฝ์ฌ๋, ๊ธฐ์ธ๊ธฐ
The ancient Romans were excellent civil engineers,
constructing colossal buildings which were incredible
engineering achievements of their time. While most
people are quite familiar with the Colosseum and other
Roman architectural achievements, few know about the
Roman system of aqueducts.
Aqueducts that carried water into Roman cities allowed Roman citizens living
within large cities to enjoy fresh, clear water in a variety of ways. Not only is
the supply of fresh water critical to the life of any resident of a large city, but the
removal of dirty water is also important. So the Romans built this sophisticated
water distribution system to take away dirty, sewage-filled water as well.
The aqueducts the Romans built were really a system of canals. Water
originated from a spot from which it flowed naturally, a spring for example.
Then they constructed aqueducts to transport the water into the cities. Canals
couldnโt be built within cities so the Romans used a series of tanks and pipes to
ensure that every area within a given city was able to receive fresh water and
discard dirty water. The engineering marvel of the whole system was ensuring
that the system of canals and pipes had a constant gradient so that clean water
flowed in and dirty water flowed out at a steady speed without any assistance.
With such a reliable supply of water within the heart of its cities, the Romans
built fountains, public baths and artificial lakes. In Rome alone there were 1,200
fountains, 11 public baths and 2 artificial lakes.
Person HistoryPassage
Chapter 02 47
1. Which of the following is correct according to the passage?
(choose two)
โ The Roman aqueduct was invented and developed duringseveral wars.
โก Water was supplied from water sources in cities to each home.
โข Ample water supplies allowed Roman people to build variousfacilities.
โฃ The aqueducts could be adjusted to control of the amount ofwaterflow.
โค The system used a steady slope for the right speed of waterflow.
2. aqueduct์ ๋ ๊ฐ์ง ์ฃผ์ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง๋ก ์ฐ์์ค.
Info Scan
Analysis
3. ๋ก๋ง์ aqueduct๋ฅผ ๋ปํ๋ ๋ค๋ฅธ ํํ์ ๋ณธ๋ฌธ์์ ๋ชจ๋ ์ฐพ์ ์ฐ์์ค.Detail
4. ๋ฐ์ค ์น sophisticated์ ๋ฐ๊พธ์ด ์ธ ์ ์๋ ๋ง์?
โ cost efficient โก very simple
โข man-made โฃ complex
โค natural
Vocabulary
Aim High Reading
์ํ์ํ์ํ์ ์ ํ๋ฌผ์๊ณต๊ธํ๋๊ฒ
ํ์๋ฅผํ๋ ค๋ฒ๋ฆฌ๋๊ฒ
this sophisticated water distribution system
aOthePsystem of canals
The engineering marvel of the whole system
48 Level 3-A
1. ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋๋งํ๋๊ฒ๋ณด๋ค๋๋ฐฐ๋งํผ๋ค์์์๊ธฐ์ํด์, ๋ ๊ฐ์๊ท์ํ๋์์ ์๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์๋ค.
โ We have two ears and one mouth as much as we speak.
2. We will do our best in order for them to look forward to a bright future.
โ We will do our best a bright future.
Quiz ๋ค์์ so that ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์์ด์ฉํ์ฌ ์ํ์์ค.
The system of canals and pipes had a constant gradient so that clean waterflowed in and dirty water flowed out.
She worked hard so that she could succeed.= She worked hard (in orderOso asP) to succeed.= She worked hard in order that she could succeed.
+
Aqueducts that carried water into Roman cities allowed Roman citizens living
within large cities to enjoy fresh, clear water in a variety of ways.
Roman citizens์ด๋์ด๋ค์ฌ๋๋ค์๋งํ๋๊ฐ?
Tips so that์โ~ํ๊ธฐ์ํด์โ๋ผ๋๋ชฉ์ ์๋ํ๋ธ๋ค. <in order (for+๋ชฉ์ ์ด) to๋ถ์ ์ฌ> ๋๋ <so as (for+๋ชฉ์ ์ด) to๋ถ์
์ฌ>๋ก ๋ฐ๊พธ์ด์ธ์์๋ค.
โ
Grammar so that ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ
Structure ํ์ฉ์ฌ์ ์๋ช ์ฌ์์
๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ฃผ์ด + ๋์ฌ + ๋ชฉ์ ์ด + ๋ชฉ์ ๊ฒฉ๋ณด์ด + (์ ์น์ฌ๊ตฌ)
Aqueducts๋์ด๋ค์๋ก๋ฅผ๋งํ๋๊ฐ?
(ํด์)
โ
โ
์ฃผ์ด โ
๋์ฌ โ
๋ชฉ์ ์ด โ
๋ชฉ์ ๊ฒฉ๋ณด์ดโ
(์ ์น์ฌ๊ตฌ) โ
so that we can listen twice
so that they can look forward to
that carried water into Roman cities
living within large cities
Aqueducts that carried water intoRoman cities
allowed
to enjoy fresh, clear water
in a variety of ways
Roman citizens living within large cities
๋ก๋ง๋์๋ค๋ก๋ฌผ์์ด๋ฐํ๋์๋ก๋ค
Chapter 02 49
P a s s a g e 0 7
๋ค์๋ฐ์ค์น์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง์๋ฌธ๋งฅ์๋ง๊ฒ ์ํ์์ค.
Writing 1. While most people ~์์๋นํ์์๊ณ ์๋ค the Colosseum, few know
about the Roman system of aqueducts.
3. The Romans built this sophisticated water distribution system ์ค๋ฌผ๋ก
๊ฐ๋ํ๋ฌผ์๋ฒ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ํด์๋.
4. Water originated from a spot ~๋ก๋ถํฐ์์ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก๋ฌผ์ดํ ๋, a spring
for example.
5. The system ์ผ์ ํ๊ธฐ์ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ๊ฐ๊ณ ์์๋ค so that clean water flowed in
and dirty water flowed out at a steady speed without any assistance.
2. ~์๊ณต๊ธ์ดโฆํ ๋ฟ๋ง์๋๋ผ of fresh water critical to the life of any
resident of a large city, but the removal of dirty water is also
important.
are quite familiar with
Not only is the supply
to take away sewage-filled water as well
from which it flowed naturally
had a constant gradient
50 Level 3-A
tablet [tยฎblit] ์ ์ apply to ~์ ๋ฐ๋ฅด๋ค genetically [d,inรจtikรli] ์ ์ ํ์ ์ผ๋ก protein [prรณuti;โขn] ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง
molecule [mยฃlโฐkjรบ;l] ๋ถ์ ingredient [ingrรญ;diโฐnt] ์ฑ๋ถ, ์ฌ๋ฃ take care of ~์ ๋๋ณด๋ค dose [dous] (์ฝ์) 1ํ๋ถ
egg white ๊ณ๋์ ํฐ์์ multiple sclerosis ๋ค๋ฐ์ฑ๊ฒฝํ์ฆ pass on to ~์๊ฒ ๋ฌผ๋ ค์ฃผ๋ค feasible [fรญ;zโฐbรl] ํธ๋ฆฌํ, ์ฉ์ดํ
Medicine can come in the form of capsules, tablets or powder which we takewith water. It can also come in the form of cream which we apply to our skin.Now scientists are trying to genetically engineer medicines into our food. Nolonger would you have to take your pills after eating your eggs for breakfast asthe eggs would have the medicine already in them.
This is possible because drugs are made of protein molecules. Animals makethousands of proteins, the main ingredient in skin, hair, milk, and meat. If drugsare made from the proteins, then animals can be genetically engineered toproduce the drugs themselves.
In fact, sheep, cows and goats have already beengenetically engineered by scientists to produceprotein drugs which are collected in thoseanimalsโ milk. Chickens, however, are the bestchoice to mass produce drugs for humanconsumption since they grow fastest. Chickens are
also cheap to feed and easy to take care of. Since chickens donโt produce milk,people would simply eat some eggs to get their needed daily dose of medicine.The scientists altered the chickensโ DNA so that the birds make these drugsonly in their egg whites. This protects the chickensโ bodies from the drugsโpossible harmful effects and makes it easy for scientists to collect the drugs.
Researchers in this field have already produced two types of chickens whoseeggs contain protein drugs. One produces a drug to treat skin cancer and theother produces a drug to treat multiple sclerosis, a nerve disorder. Theseresearchers have discovered that the chickens pass on to their chicks their drugcreating abilities, making the whole project much more economically feasible.Nevertheless, more testing still needs to be done before these โmedicine eggsโreach your local grocery store.
Science Technology NaturePassage
Chapter 02 51
1. According to the passage which of the following is NOT true?
โ Several animals including chickens are used to producemedicine.
โก Animals with genetically altered DNA can produce drugsthemselves.
โข Drugs are made of proteins that are the main elements of many body parts.
โฃ Harmful side effects have not been found in animal drugs inthe market.
โค Some animals have been successfully engineered to producevarious medicines.
2. Explain why chickens are favored as an animal for mass
production. (in Korean)
Info Scan
Analysis
3. ๊ณผํ์๋ค์ด ํฐ์์์๋ง ์ฝ์ ๋ง๋ค๋๋ก ์กฐ์ ํ ์ด์ ๋ ๊ฐ์ง๋ฅผ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง๋ก
์ค๋ช ํ์์ค.
Analysis
4. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
โ The ability to make drugs canโt be passed on to another generation.
โก Most diseases can be treated by protein drugs in the near future.
โข A few types of these eggs are now available in some local markets.
โฃ Changing the DNA of every chicken to make drugs is not necessary.
โค It will take years to produce enough eggs for human consumption.
Inference
Aim High Reading
๊ฐ์ฅ๋นจ๋ฆฌ์ฑ์ฅํ๋ค.
๋จน์ด์๋น์ฉ์ด์ ๋ ดํ๋ค.
๋๋ณด๊ธฐ์ฝ๋ค.
์์์ง๋ชจ๋ฅด๋์ ํดํํจ๊ณผ๋ค๋ก๋ถํฐ๋ญ์๋ชธ์๋ณดํธํ๊ธฐ์ํด์
์ฝ์์๊ฑฐํ ๋์ํธ๋ฆฌ์ฑ์์ํด์
52 Level 3-A
1. ๋๋๋งค์ผ์ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ์ฐ๋๊ฒ์๊ท์น์ผ๋กํ๊ณ ์๋ค. โ I make keep a diary every day.
2. ๊ทธ๋ ๋๊ทธ๋ฌธ์ ์๋ํด์์๋ฌด๋ง๋ํ์ง์๋๊ฒ์ด์ต์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ์ฌ๊ฒผ๋ค. (say nothing)
โ She considered about the matter.
3. ์ด๋คํจ๊ฒ์ดํธ์์๋์ปดํจํฐ๊ฐ์ฐจ๋๋ค์ดํจ๊ฒ์ดํธ๋ฅผํต๊ณผํ๋๊ฒ์์์ํ๊ฒํด์ค๋ค. (pass)
โ Computers in some tollgates make through them.
Quiz ๋ค์์ ์ํ์์ค.
This makes it easy for scientists to collect the drugs.
I think it useless to find fault with her.+
Sheep, cows and goats have already been genetically engineered by scientists to
produce protein drugs which are collected in those animalsโ milk.
Tips to๋ถ์ ์ฌ๊ตฌ๊ฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด๋ก ์ฐ์ผ ๋ ์ ๊ท ํ์ ์ก๊ธฐ ์ํด์ to๋ถ์ ์ฌ๊ตฌ ๋์ it์ ์ฐ๊ณ to๋ถ์ ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ค๋ก ๋ณด๋ด๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ๊ฐ ์
๋ค. ์ด ๋ ์ฌ์ฉ๋ it์ ๊ฐ๋ชฉ์ ์ด(ํ์๋ชฉ์ ์ด)๋ผ๊ณ ํ๊ณ ๋ค๋ก ๋ณด๋ด์ง to๋ถ์ ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง๋ชฉ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ํ๋ค. ํํธ, to๋ถ์ ์ฌ์ ์
๋ฏธ์์์ฃผ์ด๋ <for+๋ชฉ์ ๊ฒฉ>์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ผ์์๋ค.
Grammar ๊ฐ๋ชฉ์ ์ด it
Structure to๋ถ์ ์ฌ์๋ค์ํ์ฉ๋ฒ
๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ฃผ์ด + ๋์ฌ + ๋ณด์ด + (+์ ์น์ฌ๊ตฌ) + (๋ถ์ ์ฌ๊ตฌ) + (๊ด๊ณ๋๋ช ์ฌ์ )
to produce๋๋ถ์ ์ฌ์์ด๋ค์ฉ๋ฒ์ธ๊ฐ?
(ํด์)โ
protein drugs๋์ด๋ค์ฝ์๋งํ๋๊ฐ?
(ํด์)โ
์ฃผ์ด โ
๋์ฌ โ
๋ณด์ด โ
(์ ์น์ฌ๊ตฌ) โ
(๋ถ์ ์ฌ๊ตฌ) โ
(๊ด๊ณ๋๋ช ์ฌ์ )โ
it a rule to
it best to say nothing
it easy for cars to pass
๋ถ์ฌ์ ์ฉ๋ฒ (๋ชฉ์ ) ์์ฐํ๊ธฐ์ํ์ฌ
which are collected in those animalsโ milk
Sheep, cows and goats
have already been
genetically engineered
by scientists
to produce protein drugs
which are collected in those animalsโ milk
๊ทธ๋๋ฌผ๋ค์์ ์์๋ชจ์์ง๋ (๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง์ฝ)
Chapter 02 53
P a s s a g e 0 8
๋ค์๋ฐ์ค์น์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง์๋ฌธ๋งฅ์๋ง๊ฒ ์ํ์์ค.
Writing 1. It can also come in the form of cream ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐํผ๋ถ์๋ฐ๋ฅผ์์๋.
2. ๋์ด์~ํ ํ์๊ฐ์์๊ฒ์ด๋ค take your pills after eating your eggs for
breakfast.
5. Nevertheless, ์ฌ์ ํ๋๋ง์์คํ์ดํํด์ ธ์ผํ ํ์๊ฐ์๋ค before these
โmedicine eggsโ reach your local grocery store.
4. The chickens pass on to their chicks their drug creating abilities,
making the whole project ํจ์ฌ๋๊ฒฝ์ ์ ์ผ๋ก์์ํ๊ฒ.
3. Chickens are also cheap to feed and ๋๋ณด๊ธฐ์ฌ์ด.
No longer would you have to
which we apply to our skin
easy to take care of
much more economically feasible
more testing still needs to be done
Review
54 Level 3-A
A ๋ค์ ๋จ์ด์ ๋ป์ ์ฐ์์ค.
B A์ ๋จ์ด๋ฅผ ํ์ฉํ์ฌ ๋ค์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง์ ๋ง๊ฒ ์ํ์์ค.
01. ๋ฏฟ์์์๋์น๊ตฌ
02. ๋ฏฟ์์์๋๋ฌ๊ธฐ
03. ์ธ๊ณต์๊ฝ, ์กฐํ
04. ๋ถ์๋ถ๋ฐฐ (wealth)
05. ํ์์๋ฏฟ๋ค
06. ๊ณ ๋๋ํฌ์ ๋๋ฌผ์ด๋ค. (Whales)
C A์ ๋จ์ด๋ฅผ ํ์ฉํ์ฌ ๋ค์ ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ๋น์นธ์ ๋ฌธ๋งฅ์ ์๋ง์ ๋ง์ ์ฐ์์ค.
01. To to something is to stick to it.
02. A(n) is a slope, or the degree to which the ground slopes.
03. Someone who is a(n) of a subject or activity is very enthusiastic
about it.
04. Oral is the practice of keeping the mouth and teeth clean in order
to prevent dental problems and bad breath.
05. If you say that people or actions are , you are emphasizing that
they are extremely nasty, cruel, or evil.
06. If you the actions or voice of people or animals, you imitate them,
usually in a way that is meant to be amusing or entertaining.
01. adhere to
02. artificial
03. despicable
04. devotee
05. distribution
06. feat
07. gradient
08. hygiene
09. mammal
10. mimic
11. reincarnation
12. reliable
~์์ง์ฐฉํ๋ค, ๊ณ ์ํ๋ค
์ธ๊ณต์
์ผ๋นํ, ๋น์ดํ
์ด์ฑ๊ฐ
๋ณด๊ธ, ๋ฐฐ๋ถ
๋ฌ๊ธฐ, ์ฌ์ฃผ, ๊ณก์
๊ฒฝ์ฌ๋, ๊ธฐ์ธ๊ธฐ
์์์ํ, ์ฒญ๊ฒฐํจ
ํฌ์ ๋ฅ
ํ๋ด๋ด๋ค, ๋ชจ๋ฐฉํ๋ค
ํ์
ํ์คํ, ๋ฏฟ์ ์์๋
a reliable friend
unbelievable feats
artificial flowers
the distribution of wealth
believe in reincarnation
Whales are mammals.
adhere
gradient
devotee
hygiene
despicable
mimic
Chapter 02 55
Passages 05~08
D ๋ค์ ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ๋น์นธ์ ์ด๋ฒ์ ์๋ง์ ๊ฒ์ ๊ณ ๋ฅด์์ค.
01. I bought my own car leave anytime.
โ so that I could โก that I could โข in order to I could
02. The artist is believed many paintings.
โ to be left โก to have left โข to have been left
03. They considered all the food in the refrigerator.
โ useless it to bring โก it useless to bring โข it is useless bring
04. didnโt enjoy the play. (John์, ๋ค๋ฅธ ์์ด๋ค์ฒ๋ผ,)
โ John likely with other kids โก John like other kids โข John, like other kids,
05. We left our name cards contact us later.
โ in order to their โก that they could โข so that they could
06. Donโt make find it later.
โ it for me hard to โก it is hard to โข it hard for me to
07. The professor is known in France.
โ to be studied โก to have been studied โข to have studied
08. very smart and humorous. (๊ทธ๋, ๋ด๊ฐ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์๋,)
โ He is, it seems to me, โก I seem he is โข He seems me he is
09. I think drive your car.
โ it is fine let him โก it fine to let him โข it fine he
10. She seems to a lot when she lived abroad.
โ go through โก gone through โข have gone through
Chapter 03
Aim High Reading | Level 3-A
Passage 09_
Australian Synchrotron Project
Passage 10_
Sleepy Gene
Passage 11_
Writing Tips
Passage 12_
Titan
alertness ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
astronomer ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
authorial ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
be cloaked in ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
blistering ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
cue ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
compelling ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
complication ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
component ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
composition ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
confusion ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
cram ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
current ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
define ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
deflect ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
distinct ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
dominate ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
drift ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
edge ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
emit ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
extremely ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
flashback ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
gadget ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
giant ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
gravity ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
haze ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
imprecise ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
in response to ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
infrared ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
inherit ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
insight ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
intermingle ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
intriguing ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
invisible ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
locale ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
magnet ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
maintain ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
Mercury ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
microscope ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
narrative ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
nod off ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
oversized ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
paradox ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
participant ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
perplexed ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
Pluto ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
protagonist ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
radiation ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
reveal ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
seemingly ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
shepherd ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
subject ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
telescope ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
tension ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
thematically ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
tissue ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
unfold ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
vacuum ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
๋ฌผ๋ ค๋ฐ๋ค
ํต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ
ํผํฉํ๋ค, ์๋ค
ํธ๊ธฐ์ฌ์์์๋ด๋
๋ณด์ด์ง์๋
์ฅ์, ํ์ฅ
์์
์ ์ง์ํค๋ค
์์ฑ
ํ๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ
์ด์ผ๊ธฐ(์)
๊พธ๋ฒ ๊พธ๋ฒ ์กธ๋ค
๋๋ฌดํฐ, ํน๋์
์ญ์ค, ์๋ค๊ฐ๋ง์ง์๋
์ฐธ๊ฐ์, ์ฐธ์ฌ์
๋นํนํ, ์ด์ฐํ ๋ฐ๋ฅผ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋
๋ช ์์ฑ
์ฃผ์ญ, ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต
๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ฑ(์)
๋๋ฌ๋ด๋ค, ๋ฐํ๋ด๋ค
๋ณด๊ธฐ์๋
์์น๊ธฐ
ํผ์คํ์, ์คํ ๋์์
๋ง์๊ฒฝ
๊ธด์ฅ๊ฐ
์ฃผ์ ์์ผ๋ก
์กฐ์ง
ํผ์น๋ค, ๋ฒ๋ฆฌ๋ค
์ง๊ณต
Vocabulary Pre-check ์๊ณ ์๋๋จ์ด์์ฒดํฌํ๊ณ ๋จ์ด๋ค์๋ป์์ฐ์์ค.
๊ฐ์ฑ๋
์ฒ๋ฌธํ์
์๊ฐ์ ์ธ, ์๊ฐ์
~์ผ๋ก๋ฎ์ฌ์๋ค
๊ต์ฅํ
๋จ์, ์๊ทน
๊ฐ๋ ฅํ, ํ์ง ์์์์๋
๋ณต์กํจ
์ฑ๋ถ, ์์
๊ตฌ์ฑ, ์ฑ๋ถ
ํผ๋, ํผ๋
์ฃผ์ ์ํค๋ค, ๋ฒผ๋ฝ๊ณต๋ถ๋ฅผํ๋ค
ํ์ฌ์
๊ท์ ์ง๋ค, ๊ฒฝ๊ณ๊ฐ๋๋ ทํ๋ค
๋น๋ผ๊ฒํ๋ค, ๋น๋๊ฐ๊ฒํ๋ค
๋ณ๊ฐ์, ๋ค๋ฅธ
์ฐ์ธํ๋ค, ํน์์ง์ฐ๋ค
ํ๋ฅ(ํ๋ค)
๊ฐ์ฅ์๋ฆฌ, ํ ๋๋ฆฌ
๋ฐฉ์ถํ๋ค
๊ทน๋๋ก
ํ๋์๋ฐฑ(๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ์์ฅ๋ฉด์ผ๋ก์์ ํ)
(๊ฐ๋จํ) ์ฅ์น
๊ฑฐ๋ํ
์ค๋ ฅ
์๊ฐ, ์์ง๋์ด
๋ถ์ ํํ
~์๋ฐ์ํ์ฌ
์ ์ธ์ ์
a.
a.
58 Level 3-A
oversized [รณuvโฐรทsรกizd] ๋๋ฌด ํฐ, ํน๋์ gadget [gยฎd,it] (๊ฐ๋จํ) ์ฅ์น magnet [mยฎgnit] ์์ vacuum [vยฎkjuรm] ์ง๊ณต
microscope [mรกikroยจskรฒup] ํ๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ blistering [blรญstโฐri\] ๊ต์ฅํ infrared [รฌnfrโฐrรจd] ์ ์ธ์ ์
radiation [rรฉidiรจiโซรn] ๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ฑ(์) imprecise [รฌmprโฐsรกis] ๋ถ์ ํํ tissue [tรญโซu;] ์กฐ์ง insight [รญnsร it] ํต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ
A synchrotron is a machine which is as long and wide as a football field. It
might be mistaken for an inventorโs oversized gadget, but it is not a gadget. It is
a powerful machine that uses tubes, magnets, vacuum pumps, and other
gadgetry to produce intensely powerful beams of light. (A) Scientists are using
this huge machine to look deeper than ever into the structure of atoms and cells.
(B) Everyone knows about microscopes that let you see what the eye canโt see,
and this is like the next level of microscope.
(C) A synchrotron uses giant magnets, radio waves, and something called an
electron gun to push electrons until they move at a blistering 99.9987 percent of
the speed of light. (D) Electrons moving that quickly produce extremely bright
light. Magnets direct this light into beams, known as beamlines. (E) Each
beamline can be designed to emit just one type of light, ranging from infrared to
X rays, with a very specific amount of energy.
The synchrotron can be used to treat diseases. For example,
doctors often use X rays to kill cancer cells. Radiation
treatments are imprecise, however, and many healthy cells
die in the process. By using the highly focused synchrotron
X-ray beam, scientists hope to destroy individual cancer
cells without harming healthy tissue.
Not only can this technology be used by medical companies, but the technology
can also be used by food companies for better tasting foods. The synchrotronโs
X-ray beam was used by a chocolate manufacturer to discover the ideal
temperature for processing chocolate.
Science Technology NaturePassage
Chapter 03 59
1. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true about
the synchrotron?
โ It was invented to produce intensely powerful beams of light.
โก It makes electrons move incredibly close to the speed of light.
โข It can give off one specific type of light for a specific purpose.
โฃ It can control the amount of energy depending on the purpose.
โค It produces magnetic energy which turns into bright beamlines.
2. ์์ ์น๋ฃํจ์ ์์ด Xray์ ์ฑํฌ๋กํธ๋ก Xray์ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ ์ค๋ช ํ์์ค.
Info Scan
Analysis
3. Why does the author mention microscopes?
โ to give a brief idea of the shape of the synchrotron and its parts
โก to imply that the synchrotron will replace microscopes at present
โข to show how objects are observed with the synchrotron machine
โฃ to help the understanding of the overall purpose of the synchrotron
โค to explain the synchrotron should be much smaller than it is now
Inference
4. (A)~(E) ์ค, ์ ํ๋ฆ์ ์ฃผ์ด์ง ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ด ๋ค์ด๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ์ฅ ์ ์ ํ ๊ณณ์?Coherence
Aim High Reading
๊ธฐ์กด์ X ray:
์ฑํฌ๋กํธ๋ก X ray:
โ (A) โก (B) โข (C)
โฃ (D) โค (E)
The work is giving them insights into the human bodyand the world.
๋ถ์ ํํ์ฌ๊ฑด๊ฐํ์กฐ์ง๊น์ง์์์ํฌ์์๋ค.
์ ํํ๊ฒ์์ธํฌ๋ง์ํ๊ดดํ์ฌ๊ฑด๊ฐํ์กฐ์ง์์์์ด์๋ค.
60 Level 3-A
1. ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋๋จน๊ธฐ์ํด์ฌ๋๊ฒ์ด์๋๋ผ์ด๊ธฐ์ํด์๋จน๋๋ค. โ We do not live to eat, but .
2. ์ด๋๋ ์์นจ, ์ ์์ ๊นจ์ด์ ๋ช ํด์ ธ์๋๋์์ ์๋ฐ๊ฒฌํ๋ค. โ One morning I .
Quiz ๋ค์์ to๋ถ์ ์ฌ๋ฅผ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ์ํ์์ค.
It is a powerful machine that uses things to produce intensely powerful beamsof light.
Scientists are using this huge machine to look deeper than ever into thestructure atoms and cells.
The synchrotron can be used to treat diseases.
A synchrotron uses giant magnets, radio waves, and something called an electron
gun to push electrons until they move at a blistering 99.9987 percent of the speed
of light.
A synchrotron์ด์ฌ์ฉํ๋๊ฒ์๋ชจ๋์ฐ์์ค.
Tips ๋ถ์ ์ฌ๊ฐ ๋ถ์ฌ์ฒ๋ผ ๋์ฌ, ํ์ฉ์ฌ, ๋ถ์ฌ๋ฅผ ์์ํ๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ ๋ถ์ฌ์ ์ฉ๋ฒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ํ๋ค. ๋ถ์ฌ์ ์ฉ๋ฒ์์๋ ๋ด์ฉ์ ๋ฐ๋ผโ๋ชฉ์ , ์
์ธ, ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ ๋โ๋ฑ์๋ป์๋ํ๋ธ๋ค.
โ
โ
โ
Grammar to๋ถ์ ์ฌ์๋ถ์ฌ์ ์ฉ๋ฒ
Structure to๋ถ์ ์ฌ์๋ค์ํ์ฉ๋ฒ
๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ฃผ์ด + ๋์ฌ + ๋ชฉ์ ์ด + (๋ถ์ฌ์ ๋ถ์ ์ฌ๊ตฌ)
์ฃผ์ด โ
๋์ฌ โ
๋ชฉ์ ์ด โ
(๋ถ์ ์ฌ๊ตฌ) โ
eat to live
awoke to find myself famous
giant magnets
something called an electron gun
A synchrotron
uses
giant magnets, radio waves, and somethingcalled an electron gun
to push electrons until they move ~ the speed of light
radio waves
Chapter 03 61
P a s s a g e 0 9
๋ค์๋ฐ์ค์น์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง์๋ฌธ๋งฅ์๋ง๊ฒ ์ํ์์ค.
Writing
2. Scientists are using this huge machine ๊ทธ์ด๋๋๋ณด๋ค๋๊น์ด๋ณด๊ธฐ์ํด
into the structure of atoms and cells.
3. Everyone knows about microscopes that ๋์ผ๋ก๋ณผ์์๋๊ฒ์๋น์ ์ด๋ณด
๊ฒํ๋ค.
4. Each beamline can be designed to emit just one type of light, ์ ์ธ์
์์์์ค์ ์์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊น์ง, with a very specific amount of energy.
1. A synchrotron is a machine which is ~๋งํผ๊ธธ๊ณ ๋์ a football field.
5. ์ด๊ธฐ์ ์์ฌ์ฉ๋ ์์์๋ฟ๋ง์๋๋ผ by medical companies, but the
technology can also be used by food companies for better tasting
foods.
as long and wide as
to look deeper than ever
let you see what the eye canโt see
ranging from infrared to X rays
Not only can this technology be used
62 Level 3-A
cram [krรฆm] ์ฃผ์ ์ํค๋ค, ๋ฒผ๋ฝ๊ณต๋ถ๋ฅผ ํ๋ค biology [baiยฃlโฐd,i] ์๋ฌผํ nod off ๊พธ๋ฒ ๊พธ๋ฒ ์กธ๋ค
paradox [pยฎrโฐdยขks] ์ญ์ค, ์๋ค๊ฐ ๋ง์ง ์๋ perplexed [pโฐรทplรจkst]๋นํนํ, ํผ๋์ค๋ฌ์ด component [kโฐmpรณunโฐnt] ์ฑ๋ถ, ์์
function [f=\โซรn] ์์ฉํ๋ค, ์์ง์ด๋ค inherit [inhรจrit] ๋ฌผ๋ ค๋ฐ๋ค subject [s=bd,ikt] ํผ์คํ์, ์คํ ๋์์
participant [pยฐ;รทtรญsโฐpโฐnt] ์ฐธ๊ฐ์, ์ฐธ์ฌ์ alertness [โฐlร;รทtnis] ๊ฐ์ฑ๋ in response to ~์ ๋ฐ์ํ์ฌ cue [ku;] ๋จ์, ์๊ทน
Bill was up all night cramming for a biology test
at school. Sue was too. Sue, however, didnโt nod
off during the test while Bill did. While this
might seem like a paradox, researchers have
known for a long time that different people have
different sleep requirements. What has always
perplexed researchers is why people have these
different requirements. What they are now discovering is that our need for sleep
has a genetic component. So Bill who received the F can only blame his parents
for falling asleep during a test, while Sue has to go home and thank hers.
Researchers have recently discovered that one gene, the โclock gene,โ affects
how well a person functions without sleep. It is a type of gene called a Period 3
gene. The Period 3 gene comes in two forms: short and long. Everyone has two
copies of the gene. So you may have two longs, two shorts, or one of each. (A)
The forms a person has depend on what he or she inherited from his or her
parents.
(B) In a recent study, scientists studied test subjects who had stayed awake for
40 hours straight. (C) Then, these participants did a variety of tests to measure
their mental alertness. (D) The results revealed that people who have short
forms of this gene do much better with less or no sleep than people who have
the long forms of the gene. (E) The researchers concluded that people with the
long form of the Period 3 gene dealing with sleep simply needed more sleep to
keep their brains working well.
Science Technology NaturePassage
Chapter 03 63
1. According to the passage, which of the following is correct?
โ Every person has at least one long form of the Period 3 gene.
โก The combination of the Period 3 gene is variable while growingup.
โข A person might have one long and one short Period 3 gene.
โฃ There are many types of clock genes including the Period 3 gene.
โค The Period 3 gene basically gets longer as a person gets older.
2. ๋ค์ ๋น์นธ์ ์๋ง์ ๋ง์ ๋ฃ์ด ์คํ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ค๋ช ํ์์ค.
Info Scan
Summary
3. (A)~(E) ์ค, ์ ํ๋ฆ์ ์ฃผ์ด์ง ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ด ๋ค์ด๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ์ฅ ์ ์ ํ ๊ณณ์?Coherence
4. ๋ค์ ์ค ๋ฐ์ค ์น perplexed์ ์๋ฏธ์ ๊ฐ์ฅ ๊ฐ๊น์ด ๊ฒ์?
โ surprised โก puzzled โข burdened
โฃ bored โค helped
Vocabulary
Aim High Reading
A person with short forms of the Period 3 gene needs
, while a person with requires
to have their brains work at top form.
โ (A) โก (B) โข (C)
โฃ (D) โค (E)
For example, researchers tested how quickly they pusheda button in response to a visual cue.
less sleep
more sleep
long forms
64 Level 3-A
1. ์ด๊ฝ๋ค์์ ๊ฝ๋ค๋ณด๋ค๋์์์ง๋์๋ค.
โ These flowers are not those flowers.
2. ๋ง์ํ๊ฒฉ์์นผ์ํ๊ฒฉ๋ณด๋คํจ์ฌ๋์ฌํ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์์ค๋ค. (even, deep)
โ A blow with a word strikes .
Quiz ๋ค์์ ์ํ์์ค.
People who have short forms of this gene do much better with less or no sleepthan people who have the long forms of the gene.
What has always perplexed researchers is why people have these different
requirements.
What๊ณผ๋๊ฒฉ์ธ๊ฒ์์ฐ์์ค.
Tips ๋น๊ต๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์์ ๋น๊ต์ ๋์์ด ๋๋ ๋ด์ฉ๋ค๋ผ๋ฆฌ๋ ๋์ผ ๋ฒ์ฃผ์ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋์ผ ๋ฒ์ฃผ์ ๋ด์ฉ์ ๋ณ์นํด์ผ ํ๋ค. ํํธ, ๋น๊ต
๊ธ์๊ฐ์กฐํ๋๋ถ์ฌ์ ํํ์๋ much, far, still, even, a lot ๋ฑ์ด์๋ค.
์ฃผ์ด โ
๋์ฌ โ
๋ณด์ด โ
Grammar ๋น๊ต๊ธ
Structure what/if/whether๊ฐ์ด๋๋๋ช ์ฌ์
๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ฃผ์ด + ๋์ฌ + ๋ณด์ด
๋๊ฒฉ์์ฃผ์ด์๋์ ํ์ฌ๋ฌธ์ฅ์๋ค์์ฐ์์ค.
(๋๊ฒฉ)
โ
โ
less beautiful than
even deeper than a blow with a sword
why people have these different requirements
Why people have these different requirements has always perplexed researchers.
What has always perplexed researchers
is
why people have these different requirements
Chapter 03 65
P a s s a g e 1 0
๋ค์๋ฐ์ค์น์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง์๋ฌธ๋งฅ์๋ง๊ฒ ์ํ์์ค.
Writing
2. ์ด์ ๊ทธ๋ค์ด๋ฐ๊ฒฌํ๊ณ ์๋๊ฒ์ is that our need for sleep has a genetic
component.
1. Bill ๋ฐค์๋ฒผ๋ฝ์น๊ธฐ๊ณต๋ถ๋ฅผํ๋๋ผ๊นจ์ด์์๋ค for a biology test at school.
3. Researchers have recently discovered that one gene, the โclock
gene,โ affects ์ฌ๋์ด์ผ๋ง๋์์์ง์ด๋์งO`์๋ํ๋์ง`Pwithout sleep.
5. In a recent study, scientists studied test subjects 40์๊ฐ๋์์ค๊ณง๊นจ์ด
์์๋.
4. ์ฌ๋์ด๊ฐ์ง๋ํํ๋ค์ depend on what he or she inherited from his or
her parents.
was up all night cramming
What they are now discovering
how well a person functions
The forms a person has
who had stayed awake for 40 hours straight
66 Level 3-A
authorial [โ;^โค;riรl] ์๊ฐ์ ์ธ, ์๊ฐ์ seemingly [sรญ;mi\li] ๋ณด๊ธฐ์๋ define [difรกin] ํ์ ํ๋ค, ๊ฒฝ๊ณ๋ฅผ ์ ํ๋ค
locale [loukยฎl] ์ฅ์, ํ์ฅ intermingle [รฌntโฐรทmรญ\gรl] ํผํฉํ๋ค, ์๋ค thematically [^imยฎtickรli] ์ฃผ์ ์์ผ๋ก
unfold [>nfรณuld] ํผ์น๋ค, ๋ฒ๋ฆฌ๋ค flashback [flยฎโซbยฉk] ํ๋์๋ฐฑ(๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํ์ ์ฅ๋ฉด์ผ๋ก์ ์ ํ)
compelling [kโฐmpรจli\] ๊ฐ๋ ฅํ, ํ์ง ์์ ์ ์๋ intriguing [intrรญ;gi\] ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์์๋ด๋ complication [kยขmplโฐkรจiโซรn] ๋ณต์กํจ
Novelists use many complex narrativestructures to build tension and make storiesmore interesting for readers. And there areseveral authorial methods of achieving this.
One narrative structure or writing techniqueinvolves telling two or three different,
seemingly unrelated stories, at the same time. Each story has differentcharacters and is set in a different location. As a result, the jumping back andforth amongst the settings and characters can cause confusion for readers.Therefore time and place are usually clearly defined: events often occur withina very specific time frame in a specific locale to keep the reader focused. Whilethe characters and locales in each story are not intermingled, the stories must beconnected thematically.
Another complex narrative structure is the story within a story in which onecentral character is involved in several stories at the same time. While thecentral characters and the setting are the same in each story, different events areunfolding in each story. The stories are tied together not only by a protagonistbut by thematic unity. Don Quixote is thought to be the first novel whichemployed this technique.
Novelists also alter the traditional time frame in order to make stories moreinteresting. The time frame can be altered by adding flashbacks. Or, as it wasdone by Emily Bronte in Wuthering Heights, the whole story can movebackward and then forward, again and again, unfolding a compelling andintriguing drama. By using the complex narrative structure, Bronte was able toshow how the past and the present are intermingled, and was able to maintainthe theme of the story while adding interest by adding complication.
Life Sport MusicPassage
Chapter 03 67
1. According to paragraph 2, which of the following is true?
โ Each story has to be unfolded one after another.
โก Each story should not have many different settings.
โข Characters are often intermingled in different stories.
โฃ The settings of different stories are the same.
โค Different stories will include very similar events.
2. ์ด ์ ์๊ฐ๋ complex narrative๋ฅผ ๋ง๋๋ ์ธ ๊ฐ์ง ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง๋ก
์ค๋ช ํ์์ค.
Info Scan
Analysis
3. ์ด ์ ์๊ฐ๋ 3๊ฐ์ง ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ๊ณตํต์ ์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง๋ก ์ฐ์์ค. Analysis
4. ๋ฐ์ค ์น protagonist์ ๋ฐ๊พธ์ด ์ธ ์ ์๋ ๋ง์?
โ reader of the story
โก story itself
โข story author
โฃ leading character
โค cast of the story
Vocabulary
Aim High Reading
์ฐ๊ด์์ด๋ณด์ด๋๋์ธ๊ฐ์ง์ด์ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ๋์์์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ๋ค.
์ด์ผ๊ธฐ์์๋๋ค๋ฅธ์ด์ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ์ ๊ฐํด๋๊ฐ๋ค.
๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋๋๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ํ์๊ณผํ์ฌ๋ฅผ์ค๊ฐ๋ฉฐ์ด์ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ์ ๊ฐํ๋ค.
์ผ๊ด๋์ฃผ์ ๋ฅผ์ ์งํ๋ค.
68 Level 3-A
1. ์ธํฐ๋ท์์ธ๊ณ๋ฅผํ๋์์ธ๊ณ์ ์ฌํ๋ก๋ง๋ค๊ณ ์๋ค. (global society)
โ The Internet is .
2. ๋๋๋์์๋ง์ด์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ๋ค์์์์๋ผ๋๊ธฐ๋ฅผ๋ฐ๋๋ค. (hope, grow)
โ I want in you.
Quiz ๋ค์์ ์ํ์์ค.
Novelists make stories more interesting for readers. ํ์ฉ์ฌ
Events often occur within a specific time and locale to keep the readerfocused. ํ์ฉ์ฌ
Mr. Smith called his son a doctor. ๋ช ์ฌ
I got him to mend my watch. ๋ถ์ ์ฌ+
+
One narrative structure or writing technique involves telling two or three different,
seemingly unrelated stories, at the same time.
Tips 5ํ์ ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ๋ค์์ ๋ชฉ์ ๊ฒฉ๋ณด์ด๊ฐ ์ค๋ ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ด๋ค. ๋ชฉ์ ์ด์ ๋ชฉ์ ๊ฒฉ๋ณด์ด๋ ๋๊ฒฉ์ ๊ด๊ณ๊ฐ ์ฑ๋ฆฝํ๋ค. ์ด ๋ ๋ชฉ์ ๊ฒฉ
๋ณด์ด๋ก๋๋ช ์ฌ, ํ์ฉ์ฌ, ๋ถ์ ์ฌ๋ฑ์ด์ฌ์์๋ค.
Grammar 5ํ์๋ฌธ์ฅ
Structure ๋ณ๋ ฌ
๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ฃผ์ด + ๋์ฌ + ๋ชฉ์ ์ด + (์ ์น์ฌ๊ตฌ)
stories๋ฅผ์์ํ๋๋ง๋ค์๋ชจ๋์ฐ์์ค.
(ํด์)
โ
โ
โ
์ฃผ์ด โ
๋์ฌ โ
๋ชฉ์ ์ด โ
(์ ์น์ฌ๊ตฌ) โ
making the world a global society
my hope to grow
two or three different
seemingly unrelated
๋์ธ๊ฐ์ง๋ค๋ฅธ, ๊ฒ๋ณด๊ธฐ์๋์ฐ๊ด์ด์๋์ด์ผ๊ธฐ๋ค
One narrative structure or writingtechnique
involves
telling two or three different,seemingly unrelated stories
at the same time
Chapter 03 69
P a s s a g e 1 1
๋ค์๋ฐ์ค์น์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง์๋ฌธ๋งฅ์๋ง๊ฒ ์ํ์์ค.
Writing 1. Each story ๋ค๋ฅธ๋ฑ์ฅ์ธ๋ฌผ๋ค์๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์๋ค and is set in a different
location.
2. While the characters and locales in each story are not intermingled,
the stories ์ฃผ์ ์์ผ๋ก๋์ฐ๊ฒฐ๋์ด์์ด์ผํ๋ค.
3. The stories are tied together ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์์ํด์๋ฟ๋ง์๋๋ผ but by thematic
unity.
4. The time frame ~ํจ์ผ๋ก์จ๋ฐ๋์์๋ค adding flashbacks.
5. Bronte was able to show ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ํ์ฌ๊ฐ์ด๋ป๊ฒ์์ฌ์๋์ง.
has different characters
must be connected thematically
not only by a protagonist
can be altered by
how the past and the present are intermingled
70 Level 3-A
telescope [tรจlโฐskรฒup] ๋ง์๊ฒฝ angle [ยฎ\gl] ๊ฐ๋ plane [plein] (์)ํ๋ฉด astronomer [โฐstrยฃnโฐmโฐรท] ์ฒ๋ฌธํ์
moon [mu;n] ์์ฑ Mercury [mร;รทkjโฐri] ์์ฑ Pluto [plu;tou] ๋ช ์์ฑ intriguing [intrรญ;gi\] ํธ๊ธฐ์ฌ์ ์์๋ด๋
be cloaked in ~์ผ๋ก ๋ฎ์ฌ ์๋ค haze [heiz]์๊ฐ, ์์ง๋์ด dominate [dยฃmโฐnรฉit] ์ฐ์ธํ๋ค, ํน์์ง์ฐ๋ค edge [ed,] ๊ฐ์ฅ์๋ฆฌ, ํ ๋๋ฆฌ
shepherd [โซรจpโฐรทd] ์์น๊ธฐ gravity [grยฎvโฐti] ์ค๋ ฅ drift [drift] ๋ ๋๋ค deflect [diflรจkt] ๋น๋ผ๊ฒ ํ๋ค, ๋น๋๊ฐ๊ฒ ํ๋ค
Galileo Galilei, who was the first to use a telescope, wondered
why Saturn sometimes looked different. Astronomers have now
proven that the answer lies in the angle at which we view the
plane of rings. At certain angles the rings are invisible, while at
other angles they are clearly visible.
Astronomers are fascinated not only by Saturnโs rings, but also by the 34 known
moons, especially Titan, the largest moon orbiting Saturn. Bigger than Mercury
and Pluto, Titan is intriguing because it is cloaked in a thick, smog-like haze
and has its own atmosphere. Scientists believe that the atmosphere of early
Earth was similar in composition to the current atmosphere on Titan. The
climate, including wind and rain, creates surface features that are similar to
those on Earth and like Earth, is dominated by seasonal weather patterns.
There are several small moons orbiting Saturn as well. A few, such as Pan,
Atlas, Prometheus, and Pandora, which orbit near the outer edges of the rings or
within gaps in the rings are known as โshepherd moons.โ The gravity of
shepherd moons serves to maintain a sharply defined edge to the rings; material
that drifts closer to the shepherd moonsโ orbits is either deflected back into the
body of the rings or pulled into the moons themselves.
One moon, Enceladus, is one of the shiniest objects in the solar system. Itโs
covered with white ice that reflects sunlight like freshly fallen snow. Itโs about
as wide as Arizona. Another interesting moon orbiting Saturn is called Iapetus
which has two distinct halves. One is as black as asphalt and the other is as
bright as snow. All of Saturnโs moons are unique and intriguing science targets.
Science Technology NaturePassage
Chapter 03 71
1. Which of the following is NOT correct? (choose two)
โ Titan is the only moon in the solar system that is biggerthan Mercury.
โก Titan has a dense atmosphere and it is covered with a thickfog like haze.
โข Titanโs atmosphere is very similar to Earthโs before thebeginning of life.
โฃ There are many small shepherd moons that are orbiting themoon Titan.
โค It was found that the weather of Titan is similar to that ofthe Earth.
2. Galileo Galilei์๊ฒ Saturn์ด ๋๋๋ก ๋ค๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋ณด ๋ ์ด์ ๋ฅผ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง๋ก ์ค๋ช
ํ์์ค.
Info Scan
Analysis
3. How do shepherd moons sharpen the edges of the rings?
(in Korean)
Analysis
4. Which of the following is mentioned as a reason for Enceladus
to shine?
โ half of the surface that is as bright as the sun
โก freshly fallen snow that reflects most sunlight
โข the surface that is as wide as a state in the U.S.
โฃ the surface with white ice that reflects sunlight
โค the surface that is covered with clean snow
Detail
Aim High Reading
ํ๋ฉด์ธํ ์ฑ์๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ๊ฐ๋์๋ฐ๋ผ๋ณด ๋ค์๋ณด ๋คํ๊ธฐ๋๋ฌธ์
์์น๊ธฐ์์ฑ์๊ถค๋๊ฐ๊น์ด๋ ๋์๋ค๋๋๋ฌผ์ง์ด๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋ก๋ค์๋๋ ค๋ณด๋ด์ง๊ฑฐ๋์์ฑ๊ทธ์์ฒด๋ก๋๋ ค๋ค์ด๊ฐ๊ธฐ๋๋ฌธ์
72 Level 3-A
1. ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋์์ง๋งํผ์ฌํ๊ฒ์ค์ผ๋์๋ค. (badly)
โ The air is the water.
2. ์ด๋ค๋ฌธ์ ์๋ํ๋ต์์๋๊ฒ์๊ทธ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ์ดํดํ๋๊ฒ๋งํผ์ค์ํ์ง์๋ค.
โ Knowing the answer to a question understanding the question.
Quiz ๋ค์์๋๋ฑ๋น๊ต๋ฅผ์ด์ฉํ์ฌ ์ํ์์ค.
Itโs about as wide as Arizona.
One is as black as asphalt and the other is as bright as snow.
The moon is not soOasPlarge as the Earth. +
A few, such as Pan, Atlas, Prometheus, and Pandora, which orbit near the outer
edges of the rings or within gaps in the rings are known as โshepherd moons.โ
a few์์๋ก์ธ๊ธ๋๊ฒ์?
Tips ๋ ์ฌ์ด๋ฅผ ๋น๊ตํด์ ๊ฐ์ ์ ๋๋ฅผ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ๋น๊ต์ ํ์์ '๋๋ฑ๋น๊ต'๋ผ ํ๊ณ ์๊ธ์ ์ด์ฉํด์ ๋ํ๋ธ๋ค. ๋๋ฑ๋น๊ต์ ํ์์
<as+ํ์ฉ์ฌ+as>, ๋ถ์ ์ <not asOsoP+ํ์ฉ์ฌ+as>์ด๋ค.
โ
Grammar ๋๋ฑ๋น๊ต
Structure ์ ์น์ฌ๊ตฌ์์์์๋ฐ๋ (๋)๋ช ์ฌ๊ตฌ
๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ฃผ์ด + ๋์ฌ + ๋ณด์ด + (์ ์น์ฌ๊ตฌ)
a few๋์ด๋ค์์ฑ๋ค์๋งํ๋๊ฐ?
(ํด์)
โ
โ
์ฃผ์ด โ
๋์ฌ โ
๋ณด์ด โ
(์ ์น์ฌ๊ตฌ) โ
as badly polluted as
is not asOsoPimportant as
Pan, Atlas, Prometheus, and Pandora
which orbit near the outer edges of the rings or within gaps in the rings
๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์์ธ๊ฐ๋๊ทผ์ฒ๋๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋ค์ฌ์ด์์๊ณต์ ํ๋๋ช๋ช์์ฑ๋ค
A few, such as Pan, Atlas, Prometheus,and Pandora, which orbit ~ in the rings
are
known
as โshepherd moonsโ
Chapter 03 73
P a s s a g e 1 2
๋ค์๋ฐ์ค์น์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง์๋ฌธ๋งฅ์๋ง๊ฒ ์ํ์์ค.
Writing 1. Galileo Galilei, who was the first to use a telescope, wondered ํ ์ฑ์ด
์๊ฐ๋๋ค๋ฅด๊ฒ๋ณด ๋์ง.
2. ์ด๋ค๊ฐ๋์์๋๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ๋ณด์ด์ง์๋๋ค, while at other angles they are clearly
visible.
3. Scientists believe that the atmosphere of early Earth ๊ตฌ์ฑ์์์ด์๋น์ท
ํ๋ค to the current atmosphere on Titan.
4. The climate creates surface features that are ์ง๊ตฌ์๊ทธ๊ฒ๋ค(ํน์ง๋ค)๊ณผ
๋น์ทํ.
5. One is as black as asphalt and ๋ค๋ฅธํ์ชฝ์๋์ฒ๋ผํํ๋ค.
why Saturn sometimes looked different
At certain angles the rings are invisible
was similar in composition
similar to those on Earth
the other is as bright as snow
Review
74 Level 3-A
A ๋ค์ ๋จ์ด์ ๋ป์ ์ฐ์์ค.
B A์ ๋จ์ด๋ฅผ ํ์ฉํ์ฌ ๋ค์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง์ ๋ง๊ฒ ์ํ์์ค.
01. ์ด๋ค๊ฐ๋์์(๋)
02. ์ ๋ฌธ์ํผ์น๋ค
03. ๋ถ์ ํํ์ ๋ณด
04. ํ๋์ฐ๊ทน์์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต
05. ์ต๊ด์๋ฌผ๋ ค์ง๋ค.
06. ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋๋๋ฌผ๊ณผ๋๋ค๋ฅด๋ค.
C A์ ๋จ์ด๋ฅผ ํ์ฉํ์ฌ ๋ค์ ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ๋น์นธ์ ๋ฌธ๋งฅ์ ์๋ง์ ๋ง์ ์ฐ์์ค.
01. This book is thoughtful and informative as well as fascinating.
02. A(n) is an optical instrument used to magnify and enhance the
view of faraway objects.
03. A(n) is a tool that lets the user see objects at a magnification
greater than the actual specimen.
04. If you are for an examination, you are learning as much as
possible in a short time just before you take the examination.
05. To a situation means to be the most powerful or important
person or thing in it.
06. was excluded as a planet because it did not dominate its
surroundings or obtain its round shape due to the force of its own gravity.
01. angle
02. cram
03. distinct
04. dominate
05. imprecise
06. inherit
07. intriguing
08. microscope
09. Pluto
10. protagonist
11. telescope
12. unfold
๊ฐ๋
๋ฒผ๋ฝ์น๊ธฐ๋ก๊ณต๋ถํ๋ค
๋ณ๊ฐ์, ๋ค๋ฅธ
์ฐ์ธํ๋ค, ํน์์ง์ฐ๋ค
๋ถ์ ํํ
๋ฌผ๋ ค๋ฐ๋ค
ํธ๊ธฐ์ฌ์์์๋ด๋
ํ๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ
๋ช ์์ฑ
์ฃผ์ญ, ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต
๋ง์๊ฒฝ
ํผ์น๋ค, ๋ฒ๋ฆฌ๋ค
at some angles
unfold the newspaper
imprecise information
a protagonist of a modern play
Habits are inherited.
We are distinct from animals.
intriguing
telescope
microscope
cramming
dominate
Pluto
Chapter 03 75
Passages 09~12
D ๋ค์ ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ๋น์นธ์ ์ด๋ฒ์ ์๋ง์ ๊ฒ์ ๊ณ ๋ฅด์์ค.
01. One day he disappeared from the city, .
โ never to be seen โก to never be seen โข to be never seen
02. The room is a library.
โ as absolutely quiet as โก as absolute quiet as โข as quiet absolutely as
03. anything new, you have to have an open mind.
โ In order for learn โก In order for learning โข In order to learn
04. The hole in the kitchen is that in my room. (๋์ฑ ๋ ๊น๋ค)
โ more deeper than โก even deeper than โข less deeper than
05. Some reptiles change skin color to their surroundings.
โ so as themselves adapt โก as so to adapt themselves
โข so as to adapt themselves
06. She got him .
โ clean up the mess โก to clean up the mess โข to cleaning up the mess
07. This tool is that tool. (๋ ์ ์ฉํ์ง์๋ค.)
โ not less useful than โก not more useful than โข less useful than
08. Did you think ?
โ the exam being difficult โก the exam difficult โข difficult the exam
09. , you must first be a good friend.
โ Having made good friends โก To make good friends โข Making good friends
10. They called .
โ his sister as a professor โก his sister a professor โข his sister to be a professor
Chapter 04
Aim High Reading | Level 3-A
Passage 13_Is Hypnosis a Science
or an Art?
Passage 14_
Aspirin
Passage 15_
Stars Going Out in Style
Passage 16_
Bee Disease
active ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
acute ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทastronomer ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทbark ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทcompound ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
conscious ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทcontract ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
craft ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
demonstrate ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
disorder ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
diverse ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทdrastic ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทdyeing ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
effect ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
emission ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทemit ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทendeavor ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทeventually ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทexpand ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทexpertise ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทfabric ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
fungus ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทhydrogen ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
hypnosis ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทhypnotherapy ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทilluminate ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
inevitably ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
ingredient ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทirritate ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทlighthearted ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
liken ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทmanufacture ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทmicrobe ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทnebula ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทnitrogen ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
oxygen ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
paralysis ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทpay attention to ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทpenetrate ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทpharmaceutical ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทplanetary ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทpotential ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
prevail ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
prevalent ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทpsychologically ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทrelieve ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
remnant ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทrepresent ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทrheumatism ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทsnowflake ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
subconscious ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทsuspect ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
synonymous ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
synthesize ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
take up ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทtrance ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
trick ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทultraviolet ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทweaving ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทwillow ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
๋น์ ํ๋ค, ๊ฒฌ์ฃผ๋ค
์ ์กฐ(ํ๋ค)
๋ฏธ์๋ฌผ, ์ธ๊ท
์ฑ์ด
์ง์
์ฐ์
๋ง๋น
~์์ฃผ์๋ฅผ๊ธฐ์ธ์ด๋ค
์นจํฌํ๋ค, ๊ดํตํ๋ค
์ ์ฝ์
ํ์ฑ์
์ ์ฌ์ ์ธ, ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ์ด์๋
์ฐ์ธํ๋ค, ์ด๊ธฐ๋ค
๋๋ฆฌ๋ณด๊ธ๋
์ฌ๋ฆฌํ์ ์ผ๋ก
๋๋ค, ๊ฐ๋ผ์ํ๋ค
์์กด๋ฌผ, ๋๋จธ์ง
๋ํ๋ด๋ค, ํ์ํ๋ค
๋ฅ๋จธํฐ์ฆ
๋์ก์ด
์ ์ฌ์์(์)
์์ฌ(ํ๋ค)
๋์์ด์, ๊ฐ์ ๋ป์
ํฉ์ฑํ๋ค
~์์ฐฉ์ํ๋ค
ํผ์์ํ
๋ง์ , ์ฅ๋, ์์์
์์ธ์
์ง์กฐ
๋ฒ๋๋๋ฌด
Vocabulary Pre-check ์๊ณ ์๋๋จ์ด์์ฒดํฌํ๊ณ ๋จ์ด๋ค์๋ป์์ฐ์์ค.
ํนํจ์๋
๊ธ์ฑ์, ๋ ์นด๋ก์ด
์ฒ๋ฌธํ์
๊ป์ง
ํฉ์ฑ๋ฌผ, ํผํฉ๋ฌผ
์์์, ์์์๋
์์ถํ๋ค
๊ธฐ์
์ฆ๋ช ํ๋ค
์ฅ์ , ์ด์
๋ค์ํ
๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํ, ๊ฐ๋ ฌํ
์ผ์
์ด๋ํ๋ค, ๊ฐ์ ธ์ค๋ค
๋ฐ์ฐ
๋ฐ์ฐํ๋ค
๋ ธ๋ ฅ, ์๋
๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์
ํฝ์ฐฝํ๋ค
์ ๋ฌธ๊ธฐ์
์ง๋ฌผ
๋ฒ์ฏ, ๊ท ๋ฅ
์์
์ต๋ฉด(์ )
์ต๋ฉด์๋ฒ
๋น์ถ๋ค, ๊ด์ฑ๋ฅผ๋ํ๋ค
๋ถ๊ฐํผํ๊ฒ, ํ์คํ
์ฑ๋ถ
์๊ทนํ๋ค, ์ผ์ฆ์์ผ์ผํค๋ค
์พํํ, ๋ง์ ํธํ
n.
v.
78 Level 3-A
hypnotize [hรญpnโฐtร iz] ~์๊ฒ ์ต๋ฉด์ ๊ฑธ๋ค inevitably [inรจvitโฐbli] ๋ถ๊ฐํผํ๊ฒ, ํ์คํ prevail [privรจil] ์ฐ์ธํ๋ค, ์ด๊ธฐ๋ค
hypnotic [hipnยฃtik] ์ต๋ฉด์ trance [trรฆns] ํผ์์ํ hypnosis [hipnรณusis] ์ต๋ฉด(์ ) endeavor [endรจvโฐรท] ๋ ธ๋ ฅ, ์๋
hypnotherapy [hรฌpnoยจ^รจrโฐpi] ์ต๋ฉด์๋ฒ disorder [disโค;รทdโฐรท] ์ฅ์ , ์ด์ subconscious [s<bkยฃnโซโฐs] ์ ์ฌ์์(์)
effect [ifรจkt] ์ด๋ํ๋ค, ๊ฐ์ ธ์ค๋ค liken [lรกikรn] ๋น์ ํ๋ค, ๊ฒฌ์ฃผ๋ค craft [krรฆft] ๊ธฐ์ expertise [รฉkspโฐรทtรญ;z] ์ ๋ฌธ ๊ธฐ์
lighthearted [lรกithยฃ;รทtid] ์พํํ, ๋ง์ ํธํ
The magician asks a member of the audience to join him on stage for his next
trick, hypnotizing someone so that he or she will do something funny. The
audience member feeling he or she cannot be hypnotized jumps on the stage.
Inevitably the magician prevails. The person falling into a hypnotic trance
speaks and possibly reveals something best left unrevealed. Since he is a
magician, are we to think that hypnosis is a form of magic? Or is hypnosis a
scientific endeavor? Perhaps it is a combination of both these things.
Psychologically speaking, hypnotherapy is a proven
method of treating various psychological disorders.
It can be used to control our brains so that we alter
our behavior. Research has shown that the conscious
mind is controlled by our unconscious mind, which
is really the driving force behind all our thoughts
and behaviors. Hypnosis is a scientific method
which allows us to enter the subconscious in order
to reprogram desires and effect behavior changes.
Hypnosis is also part art because it can be learned through practice as magic
can. Hypnosis has been likened to playing a musical instrument. While we may
have a talent to hypnotize, we will never be able to actually do it unless we
practice it. Hypnotherapy is also a craft because individuals with the expertise
can use it for lighthearted entertainment. Stage hypnosis is practiced
successfully by many professionals, who manage to make people laugh even
while demonstrating how powerful our subconscious really is.
Science Technology NaturePassage
Chapter 04 79
1. Which of the following is NOT correct? (choose two)
โ Hypnosis can be used to treat people with various mental problems.
โก Hypnosis is merely a trick which some skilled people can play.
โข Anyone can pick up the ability to hypnotize someone throughexercises.
โฃ Hypnosis deals with our subconscious mind that can affect ourbehaviour.
โค Many scientists hesitate to accept hypnosis as part of any scientificfield.
2. ๋ฐ์ค ์น art์ ๊ฐ์ ๋ป์ผ๋ก ์ฌ์ฉ๋ ๋จ์ด ๋ ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณธ๋ฌธ์์ ์ฐพ์ ์ฐ์์ค.
Info Scan
Vocabulary
3. ์ต๋ฉด์ ์ด art์ด๊ธฐ๋ ํ ๋ ๊ฐ์ง ์ด์ ๋ฅผ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง๋ก ์ค๋ช ํ์์ค. Analysis
4. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
โ It is almost impossible for an ordinary person to master hypnosis.
โก Hypnosis can be either a science or a craft depending on how it isused.
โข Even novices can succeed in hypnotizing people after severalattempts.
โฃ Hypnosis is practiced in various fields of medical science in manycountries.
โค Hypnosis is mainly used to enter the subconscious in criminalinvestigations.
Inference
Aim High Reading
craft
expertise
์ฐ์ต์ํตํด๋ฐฐ์ธ์์๋ค.
์ฆ๊ฑฐ์ด์ค๋ฝ์ผ๋ก์ฌ์ฉ๋ ์์๋ค.
80 Level 3-A
1. ๋๋์ด๋ฐฉ์์๋ ๋ค๋ฉด์๋๋ค. โ You in this room. < >
2. ๊ทธ๋ ๋์น๋ช ์ ์ธ์ฌ๊ณ ์ดํ๊ฒฐ์ฝ๊ฑท์ง๋ชปํ ๊ฒ์ด์๋ค. โ She after the accident. < >
Quiz ๋ค์์ ์ํ๊ณ be to ์ฉ๋ฒ์ค์ด๋์์ํ๋์ง์ฐ์์ค.
Since he is a magician, are we to think that hypnosis is a form of magic? ๊ฐ๋ฅ
The concert is to be held this evening. ์์
He was never to see his family again. ์ด๋ช
You are to knock before you come in. ์๋ฌด
This camera was not to be found. ๊ฐ๋ฅ
If you are to succeed, you must work hard. ์๋+
+
+
+
+
The person falling into a hypnotic trance speaks and possibly reveals something
best left unrevealed.
Tips to๋ถ์ ์ฌ๊ฐ be๋์ฌ ๋ค์ ์ฐ์ผ ๋, be to ์ฉ๋ฒ์ด๋ผ ํ๋ฉฐ <์์ , ์ด๋ช , ์๋ฌด, ๊ฐ๋ฅ, ์๋>์ ๋ด์ฉ์ ํํํ๋ค. ์ด ๋ to๋ถ์
์ฌ๋ํ์ฉ์ฌ์ ์ฉ๋ฒ์ด๋ผ๋๋ฐ์์ฃผ์ํ๋ค.
์ฃผ์ด โ
๋์ฌ โ
๋ชฉ์ ์ด โ
Grammar be to ์ฉ๋ฒ
Structure ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ์๋ช ์ฌ์์
๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ฃผ์ด + ๋์ฌ + ๋ชฉ์ ์ด
The person์ด๋์ด๋ค์ฌ๋์๋งํ๋๊ฐ?
(ํด์)โ
something์ด๋์ด๋ค๊ฒ์ธ๊ฐ?
(ํด์)โ
are not to make a noise
was never to walk ์ด๋ช
์๋ฌด
falling into a hypnotic trance ์ต๋ฉด์ํ์๋น ์ง์ฌ๋
best left unrevealed
The person falling into a hypnotic trance
speaks and possibly reveals
something best left unrevealed
๋ฐํ์ง์ง์์์ฑ๋จ์์๋๊ฒ์ด์ต์ ์ธ๊ฒ
Chapter 04 81
P a s s a g e 1 3
๋ค์๋ฐ์ค์น์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง์๋ฌธ๋งฅ์๋ง๊ฒ ์ํ์์ค.
Writing
2. It ์กฐ์ ํ๋๋ฐ์์ฌ์ฉ๋ ์์๋ค our brains so that we alter our behavior.
4. Hypnosis ์ฐ์ฃผํ๋๊ฒ์๋น์ ๋์ด์๋ค a musical instrument.
5. Many professionals manage to make people laugh even while
demonstrating ์ฐ๋ฆฌ์์ ์ฌ์์์ด์ ๋ง์ผ๋ง๋๊ฐ๋ ฅํ์ง.
3. Hypnosis is a scientific method which ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ~๋ก๋ค์ด๊ฐ๊ฒํ๋ค the
subconscious in order to reprogram desires and effect behavior
changes.
1. The magician asks a member of the audience to join him on stage
for his next trick, hypnotizing someone ๊ทธ๋๋๊ทธ๋ ๊ฐ์ฌ๋ฏธ์๋๋ฌด์ธ๊ฐ๋ฅผ
ํ ์์๋๋ก.
so that he or she will do something funny
can be used to control
allows us to enter
has been likened to playing
how powerful our subconscious really is
82 Level 3-A
dyeing [dรกii\] ์ผ์ weaving [wi;vi\] ์ง์กฐ dye [dai] ์ผ๋ฃ, ์ผ์ํ๋ค coal-tar [koultยฐ;รท] ์ฝํ๋ฅด
salicylic acid ์ด๋ฆฌ์ค์ฐ irritate [รญrโฐtรฉit] ์ผ์ฆ์ ์ผ์ผํค๋ค side effect ๋ถ์์ฉ not ~ until โฆํ๊ณ ๋์์ผ ~ํ๋ค
acetyl [โฐsรญ;til] ์์ธํธ fabric [fยฎbrik] ์ง๋ฌผ rheumatism [rรน;mโฐtรฌzรm] ๋ฅ๋จธํฐ์ฆ bark [ยฐ;รทk] ๊ป์ง
willow [wรญlou] ๋ฒ๋๋๋ฌด synthesize [sรญn^โฐsร iz] ํฉ์ฑํ๋ค active [ยฎktiv] ํนํจ ์๋
pharmaceutical [fยข;รทmโฐsรน;tikรl] ์ ์ฝ์ spirea [spairรญ;โฐ] ์กฐํ๋๋ญ๊ณผ์ ๊ด๋ชฉ
Born in 1825, Friedrich Bayer was one of six children in hisfamily. Bayer took up his fatherโs trade, dyeing and weaving,and started a successful dye business of his own in 1848.After the discovery of coal-tar based dyes in 1856, Bayerand another master dyer, Friedrich Weskott, formed theFriedrich Bayer Company to manufacture such dyes sincethey thought such dyes had great commercial potential.
(A) While it relieved pain, the powder form of aspirin, salicylic acid, irritated thedrug takerโs stomach and mouth. This side effect was not solved untilHoffmann, on August 10, 1897, produced a chemically pure type of acetylsalicylic acid. The Bayer Company thus became the drug aspirin.
(B) When Bayer died on May 6, 1880, the company was involved principally in thefabric dye business. After Bayerโs death the company continued to hire chemiststo invent new dyes and other products which were based on the new dyes.
(C) In 1897, one of the Friedrich Bayer Companyโs chemists, Felix Hoffmann,conducted experiments with some of the various chemicals used in the dyes totry to find a drug which would help his father deal with the medical condition ofrheumatism. Eventually a stable form of salicylic acid which came from thebark of the willow tree was chemically synthesized by Hoffman. The compoundbecame the active ingredient in a pharmaceutical wonder product: Aspirin. Theโaโ came from acetyl, and the โspirโ came from the spirea plant, which salicincomes from.
Person HistoryPassage
Chapter 04 83
1. ์ ํ๋ฆ์ด ์์ฐ์ค๋ฝ๋๋ก (A), (B), (C)์ ์์๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋ฐฐ์ดํ ๊ฒ์?
โ (A) - (C) - (B)
โก (B) - (A) - (C)
โข (B) - (C) - (A)
โฃ (C) - (A) - (B)
โค (C) - (B) - (A)
2. Felix Hoffmann์ด ์์คํผ๋ฆฐ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌํ๊ฒ ๋ ์ต์ด ์ด์ ๋ฅผ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง๋ก ์ค๋ช ํ์์ค.
Coherence
Detail
3. ๋น์นธ์ ๋ค์ด๊ฐ ์๋ง์ ๋ง์?
โ dependent on
โก influential in
โข synonymous with
โฃ well off
โค patented
Coherence
4. Which of the following is correct according to the passage?
โ The name Aspirin came from the first inventor of the drug.
โก Friedrich Bayer devoted his life to the invention of Aspirin.
โข There were many people participated in creating Aspirin.
โฃ Aspirin was first invented by one of Bayerโs scientists.
โค Hofmann couldnโt figure out what had caused the sideeffect.
Info Scan
Aim High Reading
์๋ฒ์ง์๋ฅ๋จธํฐ์ฆ์์ํ์ฝ์๋ง๋ค๊ธฐ์ํด์
84 Level 3-A
1. ๊ทธ์ฑ ์์ฌ์ด ์ด๋ก์ฐ์ฌ์์ด์, ์ฝ๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ฌ์ ๋ค.
โ As the book easy English, it is easy to read.
2. ์ด๊ฝ์โ์ฅ๋ฏธโ๋ผ๊ณ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ์์ํด๋ถ๋ฆฐ๋ค. โ This flower .
Quiz ๋ค์์ ์ํ์์ค.
This side effect was not solved.
The company was involved principally in the fabric dye business.
A stable form of salicylic acid was chemically synthesized by Hoffman.
Eventually a stable form of salicylic acid which came from the bark of the willow
tree was chemically synthesized by Hoffman.
Eventually๊ฐ์์ํ๋๊ฒ์?
Tips ๋์์ ํํ๋ ์ฃผ์ฒด์ ๊ทธ ๋์์ ๋ฐ๋ ๋์์ด ์์ ๋, ๋ฅ๋ํ๋ ๋์์ ํํ๋ ์ฃผ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ด๋ก ์ผ๊ณ , ์๋ํ๋ ๋์์ ๋ฐ๋
๋์์์ฃผ์ด๋ก์ผ๋๋ค.
โ
Grammar ์๋ํ
Structure ํ์ฉ์ฌ์ ์๋ช ์ฌ์์
๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ (๋ฌธ์ฅ ๋ถ์ฌ) + ์ฃผ์ด + ๋์ฌ + ๋ณด์ด + (์ ์น์ฌ๊ตฌ)
์ด๋ฆฌ์ค์ฐ(salicylic acid)์์ด๋์๊ตฌํ๊ฒ์ธ๊ฐ?
(ํด์)
โ
โ
(๋ฌธ์ฅ ๋ถ์ฌ)โ
์ฃผ์ด โ
๋์ฌ โ
๋ณด์ด โ
(์ ์น์ฌ๊ตฌ) โ
R์๋ํ์ <be๋์ฌ+๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ์ฌ>๋ฅผ 2ํ์์ <be๋์ฌ+๋ณด์ด>๋ก ๊ฐ์ฃผํ๋ค.
is written in
is called โa roseโ by us
came from the bark of the willow tree
๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ์ฒด
Eventuallya stable form of salicylic acid whichcame from the bark of the willow tree
chemically synthesized
by Hoffman
was
๋ฒ๋๋๋ฌด๊ป์ง์์์ป์
Chapter 04 85
P a s s a g e 1 4
๋ค์๋ฐ์ค์น์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง์๋ฌธ๋งฅ์๋ง๊ฒ ์ํ์์ค.
Writing 1. ๊ทธ๊ฒ์ดํต์ฆ์๊ฐ๋ผ์ํ๋๋์, the powder form of aspirin, salicylic acid,
irritated the drug takerโs stomach and mouth.
2. This side effect ~ํ ๋๊น์งํด๊ฒฐ๋์ง์์๋ค Hoffmann, on August 10,
1897, produced a chemically pure type of acetyl salicylic acid.
3. Felix Hoffmann ~์๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์คํ์ํ๋ค some of the various chemicals
used in the dyes to try to find a drug.
4. A drug would ๊ทธ์์๋ฒ์ง๊ฐ~์์น๋ฃํ๋๋ก๋๋ค the medical condition of
rheumatism.
5. Eventually a stable form of salicylic acid which came from the bark
of the willow tree ~์์ํด์ํํ์ ์ผ๋กํฉ์ฑ๋์๋ค Hoffman.
While it relieved pain
was not solved until
conducted experiments with
help his father deal with
was chemically synthesized by
86 Level 3-A
emit [imรญt] ๋ฐ์ฐํ๋ค planetary [plยฎnโฐtรฉri] ํ์ฑ์ nebula [nรจbjโฐlโฐ] ์ฑ์ด (pl. nebulae) astronomer [โฐstrยฃnโฐmโฐรท] ์ฒ๋ฌธํ์
illuminate [ilรน;mโฐnรฉit] ๋น์ถ๋ค, ๊ด์ฑ๋ฅผ ๋ํ๋ค ultraviolet [>ltrโฐvรกiโฐlit] ์์ธ์ remnant [rรจmnโฐnt] ์์กด๋ฌผ, ๋๋จธ์ง
penetrate [pรจnโฐtrรฉit] ์นจํฌํ๋ค, ๊ดํตํ๋ค contract [kยฃntrรฆkt] ์์ถํ๋ค in terms of ~์ ์ ์์ ๋ณด๋ฉด
nitrogen [nรกitrโฐd,โฐn] ์ง์ hydrogen [hรกidrโฐd,รn] ์์ oxygen [ยฃksid,รn] ์ฐ์
As stars burn out they emit glowing gases, which make colorful and complex
shapes when viewed by powerful telescopes such as the Hubble Space
Telescope. These emissions or gaseous clouds are known as planetary nebulae.
Originally viewed in the eighteenth century through small and less powerful
telescopes, astronomers thought the round shape of these gaseous clouds looked
like the other planets in the solar system.
Planetary nebulae are produced when stars in
their final stages of life shed their top layers
of material. This material turns into gaseous
clouds which are illuminated by ultraviolet
light from the remnant star. These glowing gaseous clouds last for about a few
tens of thousands of years, which is not a long time considering such sun-like
stars usually have a lifespan of over 10 billion years. As time passes these
gaseous clouds expand and become larger. Furthermore, as time passes the
ultraviolet light penetrates more deeply into the gas, causing the nebulae to
glow more brightly.
Modern images of planetary nebulae show how they expand and contract in
varied size as well as in temperature. In terms of their shape, nebulae are
actually like snowflakes, showing an incredibly diverse and complex range of
shapes. The relatively youthful nebula is quite small and is surrounded by
nitrogen gas. Each color represents a different kind of gas being emitted.
Nitrogen produces red light; hydrogen produces green light; and oxygen
produces blue light.
Science Technology NaturePassage
Chapter 04 87
2. Which of the following is NOT true about planetary nebulae?
โ They consist of a glowing shell of gas formed at the end ofstarsโ lives.
โก The name originated from the similarity in appearance tothe other planets.
โข They gather together and eventually become big enough toform a star.
โฃ Advanced telescopes revealed that they have complex andvaried shapes.
โค They are a relatively short-lived phenomenon, lasting over10,000 years.
1. ๋น์นธ์ ๋ค์ด๊ฐ ์๋ง์ ๋ฌธ์ฅ์?
โ Thus the name planetary nebula was used among only a fewpeople.
โก But the planetary nebulae were renamed after recent images.
โข But the name planetary nebulae werenโt given in the eighteenthcentury.
โฃ As the name planetary nebula represents, it is a type of planets.
โค But, in fact, the planetary nebula has nothing to do with planets.
Info Scan
Coherence
3. snowflakes์ planetary nebulae์ ์ด๋ค ์ ์์ ๋น์ทํ์ง๋ฅผ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง๋ก
์ฐ์์ค.
Detail
4. ๋ถ์๋น์ ๋ด๋ planetary nebula๋ฅผ ํตํด ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ์ถ์ธกํ ์ ์๋ ๊ฒ
์ธ ๊ฐ์ง๋ฅผ ์ฐ์์ค.
Analysis
Aim High Reading
๊ทธ๋ชจ์์ด๋งค์ฐ๋ค์ํ๊ณ ๋ณต์กํ๋ค.
์๋์ ์ผ๋ก์ ์์ฑ์ด์ด๋ค.
๋งค์ฐ์์์ฑ์ด์ด๋ค.
์ง์ ๊ฐ์ค๋ก๋๋ฌ์ธ์ฌ์๋ค.
88 Level 3-A
1. As I have read the newspaper, I know about the accident.
โ , I know about the accident.
2. As it was fine, we went on a picnic. โ , we went on a picnic.
Quiz ๋ค์๋ฌธ์ฅ์๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ผ๋ก๋ฐ๊พธ์ด์ฐ์์ค.
Originally viewed in the eighteenth century, astronomers thought the roundshape of these gaseous clouds looked like the other planets.
The ultraviolet light penetrates more deeply into the gas, causing the nebulaeto glow more brightly.
These glowing gaseous clouds last for about a few tens of thousands of years,
which is not a long time considering such sun-like stars usually have a lifespan of
over 10 billion years.
which์์ ํ์ฌ๋?
Tips ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ด๋ <์ ์์ฌ๏ผ์ฃผ์ด๏ผ๋์ฌ>์ ๋ถ์ฌ์ ์์ ์ ์์ฌ์ ์ฃผ์ด๋ฅผ ์๋ตํ๊ณ ํ์ฌ๋ถ์ฌ๋ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ์ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํด ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ก ๋ฐ
๊พผ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. ์ ์์ฌ๋ฅผ ์๋ตํ๊ณ , ์ฃผ์ ์ ์ฃผ์ด์ ๊ฐ์ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ ์ฃผ์ด๊น์ง ์๋ตํ๊ณ ๋ถ์ฌ์ ์ ๋์ฌ๋ฅผ ํ์ฌ๋ถ์ฌ๋ก ๋ฐ๊พธ๋ฉด ๋๋ค. ํ
ํธ, Being์ด๋ Having been์ผ๋ก์์ํ๋๊ฒฝ์ฐ์๋ Being์ด๋ Having been์์๋ตํด์, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ด๋๋ค.
โ
Grammar ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ- ํ์ฌ๋ถ์ฌ์๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ์ฌ
Structure ํ์ฉ์ฌ์ ์๋ช ์ฌ์์
๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ฃผ์ด + ๋์ฌ + (์ ์น์ฌ๊ตฌ) + (๊ด๊ณ์ฌ์ ) + (๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ)
considering ๋ค์์์๋ต๋๋ง์์ฐ๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ if์ ๋ก๋ฐ๊พธ์ด์ฐ์์ค.
consideringโ
ifโ
(ํด์)โ
์ฃผ์ด โ
๋์ฌ โ
(์ ์น์ฌ๊ตฌ) โ
(๊ด๊ณ์ฌ์ ) โ
(๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ) โ
Having read the newspaper
It being fine
a few tens of thousands of years
(that)
you consider that
(๋น์ ์ด) ~์ ๊ณ ๋ คํด๋ณธ๋ค๋ฉด
These glowing gaseous clouds
last
, which is not a long timeconsidering such sun-like stars usually havea lifespan of over 10 billion years
for about a few tens of thousands of years
Chapter 04 89
P a s s a g e 1 5
๋ค์๋ฐ์ค์น์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง์๋ฌธ๋งฅ์๋ง๊ฒ ์ํ์์ค.
Writing
2. These glowing gaseous clouds ~๋์์ง์๋๋ค about a few tens of
thousands of years.
1. The planetary nebula ~๊ณผ๊ด๋ จ์ด์๋ค planets.
3. It ~์๊ณ ๋ คํ๋ฉด๊ธด์๊ฐ์์๋๋ค such sun-like stars usually have a
lifespan of over 10 billion years.
4. As time passes the ultraviolet light penetrates more deeply into the
gas, ๊ทธ์ฑ์ด์๋๋ฐ๊ฒํ์ค๋ฅด๊ฒํ๋ฉด์.
5. ๊ทธ๊ฒ๋ค์๋ชจ์์ผ๋ก๋ณด๋ฉด, nebulae are actually like snowflakes, showing
an incredibly diverse and complex range of shapes.
has nothing to do with
last for
is not a long time considering
causing the nebulae to glow more brightly
In terms of their shape
90 Level 3-A
drastic [drยฎstik] ๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํ, ๊ฐ๋ ฌํ beekeeper [bรญ;kรฌ;pโฐรท] ์๋ด์ ์ Colony Collapse Disorder ๊ตฐ์ง ๋ถ๊ดด ํ์
microbe [mรกikrรฒub] ๋ฏธ์๋ฌผ, ์ธ๊ท suspect [sโฐspรจkt] ์์ฌ(ํ๋ค) Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus ์ด์ค๋ผ์ ๊ธ์ฑ ๋ง๋น ๋ฐ์ด๋ฌ์ค
fungus [f=\gโฐs] ๋ฒ์ฏ, ๊ท ๋ฅ prevalent [prรจvโฐlโฐnt] ๋๋ฆฌ ๋ณด๊ธ๋ pay attention to ~์ ์ฃผ์๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ธ์ด๋ค turn out ํ๋ช ๋๋ค
Honeybees are disappearing for unknown reasons around the
United States. The decline has been drastic: In 2006, 23 percent
of honeybees kept by beekeepers disappeared. Scientists are
trying to come up with a possible explanation for the bee
decline, also called Colony Collapse Disorder. Scientists first
looked for evidence of microbes living only in the sick colonies. Two types of
fungi were suspected of causing Colony Collapse Disorder. And another suspect
was a little-known virus called Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus (IAPV).
Researchers have been studying bee colonies in which the bees have been
disappearing and comparing those colonies to colonies in which the bees have
not been disappearing. At first researchers thought the prime suspects were two
types of fungi, but then they discovered that these fungi were prevalent in not
only the colonies experiencing Colony Collapse Disorder but also colonies
which were not experiencing this disorder.
The IAPV virus, however, showed up in 83 percent of the colonies experiencing
Colony Collapse Disorder. Only 5 percent of the colonies not experiencing this
disorder had the presence of this virus in their colonies. In 2004, researchers in
Israel first claimed that the virus kills bees. But until now, bee experts havenโt
paid much attention to it. But they now know that the presence of IAPV is a
strong sign that a colony has the disorder. Scientists are not sure whether IAPV
can single-handedly cause Colony Collapse Disorder, so they are continuing
their research to try to find out what other factors might be involved in this
process. They also want to find out how IAPV came to the United States.
Currently bee products are being imported from Canada, Australia, and New
Zealand. However, if it turns out that this trade is spreading disease, the rules
might eventually change.
Science Technology NaturePassage
Chapter 04 91
1. Which of the following is NOT true about bee decline? (choose two)
โ Scientists think IAPV may not be the only reason for the decline.
โก The virus has been found in imported bees and bee products.
โข Scientists first suspected two types of fungi were the cause.
โฃ Scientists have found a reasonable solution for the bee decline.
โค The number of bees in U.S. has decreased tremendously.
2. ๋ค์ ๋น์นธ์ colony ์์ ์ ๋๋ฅผ ๋ฃ์ด Colony Collapse Disorder์
๋ํ ์คํ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ํ๋ด์์ค. (many, some, a few, zero ๋ฑ)
Info Scan
Analysis
3. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
โ The bees from other countries will be banned.
โก The case is not completely concluded yet.
โข Bee population in the U.S. will increase again.
โฃ Scientists will find a way to remove the virus.
โค The research on bee decline started in 2004.
Inference
4. ํ์ฌ IAPV์ ๋ํด ์งํ๋๊ณ ์๋ ๋ ๊ฐ์ง์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐ์์ค. Analysis
Aim High Reading
Fungi : in colonies with symptoms
Fungi : in colonies without symptoms
IAPV : in colonies with symptoms
IAPV : in colonies without symptoms
many
many
many
a few
์ด์ด์ํ์๊ณผ๊ด๋ จ์๋๋ค๋ฅธ์์๋ค์ด์๋๊ฐ?
IAPV๊ฐ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ผ๋ก๊ฑด๋์๋๊ฐ?
92 Level 3-A
1. ๋ง์ฝ๊ทธ๋ ๋ฅผ๋ค์๋ง๋๊ฒ๋๋ฉด๋๋๊ทธ๋ ์๊ฒ์ง์ค์๋งํ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. โ I will tell her the truth .
2. ๋ด๊ฐ๋ค์์ฌํ์ ์ผ๋กํ๋์ ์ธ์ฌ๋์ด๋ ์๋์์์ง๊ถ๊ธํ๋ค. (ever)
โ I wonder if I socially active again.
Quiz ๋ค์์ ์ํ์์ค.
In 2004, researchers in Israel first claimed that the virus kills bees.
He said that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
If it is fine tomorrow, we will go on a picnic.+
+
Researchers have been studying bee colonies in which the bees have been
disappearing and comparing those colonies to colonies in which the bees have not
been disappearing.
๋ฐ์ค์นbee colonies๋์ด๋ค colonies๋ฅผ๋งํ๋๊ฐ?
Tips ์ฃผ์ ์ ๋์ฌ๊ฐ ํ์ฌ์์ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ก ๋ฐ๋์ด๋ ์ข ์์ ์ ์์ ๊ฐ ๋ณํ์ง ์๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ๊ฐ ์๋ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ข ์์ ์ด ๋ถ๋ณ์ ์ง๋ฆฌ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ์
๋ ํญ์ ํ์ฌ๋ก๋ง ์ด๋ค. ๋์งธ, ํ์ฌ๊น์ง ๊ณ์๋๋ ์ต๊ด์ ํ์๋ ํ์ฌ์์ ๋ก ์ด๋ค. ์ ์งธ, ์ญ์ฌ์ ์ฌ์ค์ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋ก๋ง ์ด๋ค.
๋ท์งธ, ์๊ฐ๊ณผ์กฐ๊ฑด์๋ถ์ฌ์ ์์๋๋ฏธ๋์์ ๋์ ์ํ์ฌ์์ ๋ฅผ์ด๋ค.
โ
Grammar ์์ ์ผ์น์์์ธ
Structure ํ์ฉ์ฌ์ ์๋ช ์ฌ์์
comparing ์์์๋ต๋๋ง์?
โ
๋ฐ์ค์น colonies๋์ด๋ค colonies์ธ๊ฐ?
โ
๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ฃผ์ด + ๋์ฌ + ๋ชฉ์ ์ด + ์ฐ๊ฒฐ์ด and + ๋์ฌ + ๋ชฉ์ ์ด + (์ ์น์ฌ๊ตฌ)
์ฃผ์ด โ
๋์ฌ โ
๋ชฉ์ ์ด โ
๋์ฌ โ
๋ชฉ์ ์ด โ
(์ ์น์ฌ๊ตฌ) โ
์ฐ๊ฒฐ์ด andโ
if I see her again
will ever become
in which the bees have been disappearing
researchers have been
in which the bees have not been disappearing
Researchers
have been studyingbee colonies in which the bees havebeen disappearing
comparing
those coloniesto colonies in which the bees havenot been disappearing
Chapter 04 93
P a s s a g e 1 6
๋ค์๋ฐ์ค์น์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง์๋ฌธ๋งฅ์๋ง๊ฒ ์ํ์์ค.
Writing 1. Scientists ~์์ฐพ์๋ด๊ธฐ์ํด๋ ธ๋ ฅํ๊ณ ์๋ค a possible explanation for the
bee decline.
2. Researchers ~์๋น๊ตํด์ค๊ณ ์๋ค those colonies to colonies in which
the bees have not been disappearing.
3. Only 5 percent of the colonies ์ด๋ฐ๋ณ์๊ฒช์ง์์ had the presence of
this virus in their colonies.
5. So they are continuing their research to try to find out ์ด๋ค๋ค๋ฅธ์์๋ค
์ด๊ด๋ จ์ด์์์ง in this process.
4. In 2004, researchers in Israel first ๊ทธ๋ฐ์ด๋ฌ์ค๊ฐ๋ฒ๋ค์์ฃฝ์ธ๋ค๊ณ ์ฃผ์ฅํ๋ค.
are trying to come up with
have been comparing
not experiencing this disorder
claimed that the virus kills bees
what other factors might be involved
Review
94 Level 3-A
A ๋ค์ ๋จ์ด์ ๋ป์ ์ฐ์์ค.
B A์ ๋จ์ด๋ฅผ ํ์ฉํ์ฌ ๋ค์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง์ ๋ง๊ฒ ์ํ์์ค.
01. ํผ์์ํ์๋น ์ง๋ค
02. ์ ์ฝํ์ฌ
03. ์ด, ๋น์ด๋๊ฐ์ค๋ฅผ๋ฐ์ฐํ๋ค
04. ์ ์ฌ์์์์จ๊ฒจ์งํ
05. ์ ๊ฐ๋์์ ๋์ด์ผํ๋ค. (remain)
06. Security๋ Safety์๋์์ด์ด๋ค.
C A์ ๋จ์ด๋ฅผ ํ์ฉํ์ฌ ๋ค์ ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ๋น์นธ์ ๋ฌธ๋งฅ์ ์๋ง์ ๋ง์ ์ฐ์์ค.
01. To something means to shine light on it and to make it brighter
and more visible.
02. If something or someone a physical object or an area, it succeeds
in getting into or passing through the object or area.
03. Water consists of one atom and two hydrogen atoms.
04. โ โ comes from the Latin word for cloud or dust. The word
โnebulaeโ is the plural form.
05. If a group or range of things is , it is made up of a wide variety of
things.
06. If a proposal, principle, or opinion , it gains influence or is
accepted, often after a struggle or argument.
01. diverse
02. emit
03. illuminate
04. nebula
05. oxygen
06. penetrate
07. pharmaceutical
08. prevail
09. stable
10. subconscious
11. synonymous
12. trance
๋ค์ํ
๋ฐ์ฐํ๋ค
๋น์ถ๋ค, ๊ด์ฑ๋ฅผ๋ํ๋ค
์ฑ์ด
์ฐ์ (cf. hydrogen ์์)
์นจํฌํ๋ค, ๊ดํตํ๋ค
์ ์ฝ์
์ฐ์ธํ๋ค, ์ด๊ธฐ๋ค
์์ ๋
์ ์ฌ์์(์)
๋์์ด์, ๊ฐ์ ๋ป์
ํผ์์ํ
fall into a trance
a pharmaceutical company
emit heat, light or gas
hidden power of the subconscious
The price of oil should remain stable.
Security is synonymous with Safety.
illuminate
penetrates
oxygen
Nebula
prevails
diverse
Chapter 04 95
Passages 13~16
D ๋ค์ ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ๋น์นธ์ ์ด๋ฒ์ ์๋ง์ ๊ฒ์ ๊ณ ๋ฅด์์ค.
01. We the gallery to see the exhibition of Vincent Van Gogh
tomorrow.
โ goes to โก went to โข are to go to
02. The Science teacher told us that the Earth the sun.
โ moved around โก will move around โข moves around
03. The problems that the participants had .
โ have settled โก been settled โข were settled
04. Those who didnโt hand in the assignment poorly.
โ will grade โก will be graded โข to be graded
05. My boyfriend said that he every morning.
โ will take a walk โก takes a walk โข took a walk
06. at a bargain, youโd better drop by the flea market.
โ If you can buy it โก If you are to buy it โข If you buy it
07. in better times, he would have become famous.
โ Having been born โก Bearing โข Having born
08. The meeting in 10 minutes.
โ is to be held โก will be to be held โข has been held
09. I will tell her the truth again.
โ I will see her โก if I saw her โข if I see her
10. the news, I called him to see if he was okay or not.
โ To hear โก Having heard โข To be heard
Chapter 05
Aim High Reading | Level 3-A
Passage 17_
Spadefoot Toads Break the Rules in Dry Weather
Passage 18_
Bipolar Disorder
Passage 19_
Protecting Cows and People
Passage 20_
The Human Brain
affect ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
assurance ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
at least ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
awkwardly ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
bipolar ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
breed ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
capacity ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
cattle ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
clinically ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
command ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
composition ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
concentrate ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
depression ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
diplomatic ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
ecstatic ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
estimate ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
excitable ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
extinction ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
extreme ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
fatal ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
figure ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
get around ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
hind feet ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
hybrid ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
impair ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
impressive ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
indicate ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
inevitably ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
justify ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
lay ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
manic-depressive ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
marinated ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
mating season ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
membrane ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
normalization ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
occupy ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
outweigh ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
photographic memory ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
possess ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
pros and cons ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
regarding ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
regulator ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
reproduce ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
revelation ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
shallow ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
skeptical ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
spade-like ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
standard ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
strain ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
sufficient ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
swing ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
territory ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
unidentifiable ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
use up ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท
๋ถ๊ฐํผํ๊ฒ, ๋ฐ๋์
์ ๋นํจ์์ฆ๋ช ํ๋ค
(์์) ๋ณ๋ค, (~์) ๋๋ค
์กฐ์ธ์ฆ์
์๋ ๋
์ง์ง๊ธฐ์ฒ
์ธํฌ๋ง
์ ์ํ
์ ๋ นํ๋ค, ์ฐจ์งํ๋ค, ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ๋ค
~๋ณด๋ค๊ฐ์น๊ฐ์๋ค, ์ค์ํ๋ค
์ ๋ช ํ๊ธฐ์ต๋ ฅ
์์ ํ๋ค
์ฅ๋จ์ , ์ฐฌ๋ฐ์๋ก
~์๊ดํ
๊ท์ ์, ๋จ์์
๋ฒ์ํ๋ค, ์์ํ๋ค
ํญ๋ก, ์์ธ์์ผ
์์
์์ฌ๋ง์, ํ์์ ์ธ
์๊ธฐ๋ชจ์์
ํ์ค
๊ธด์ฅ์ํค๋ค
์ถฉ๋ถํ
๋ณ๋, ๋์
ํ
ํ์ธ๋ ์์๋
๋ค์จ๋ฒ๋ฆฌ๋ค
Vocabulary Pre-check ์๊ณ ์๋๋จ์ด์์ฒดํฌํ๊ณ ๋จ์ด๋ค์๋ป์์ฐ์์ค.
(์ ) ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ค
ํ์
์ ์ด๋
์ํฌ๋ฅด๊ฒ, ์ด์ํ๊ฒ
์๊ทน์ฑ์
๋ฒ์์ํค๋ค, ๋ณ๋ค
๋ฅ๋ ฅ, ์ฉ๋
์, ๊ฐ์ถ
์์์ ์ผ๋ก
๋ช ๋ น(ํ๋ค)
๊ตฌ์ฑ
์ง์คํ๋ค
์ฐ์ธ(์ฆ)
์ธ๊ต์
ํฌ์ด์๋์น, ํฉํํ
์ด๋ฆผ์ก๋ค, ์ถ์ ํ๋ค
์๊ทน๋ฐ๊ธฐ์ฌ์ด
๋ฉธ์ข
๊ทน์ฌํ
์น๋ช ์ ์ธ
์ซ์, ๋ชจ์ต
์ด๊ฒจ๋ด๋ค, ํค์ด๋๋ค
๋ท๋ค๋ฆฌ
ํผํ์
์์ํ๋ค, ํด์น๋ค
์ธ์์ ์ธ
๊ฐ๋ฆฌํค๋ค, ์ง์ ํ๋ค
์ฌ์ง์ฒ๋ผ
n.
98 Level 3-A
Spadefoot Toad ์๊ธฐ๋ฐ๋๊บผ๋น spade-like [speidlaik] ์๊ธฐ๋ชจ์์ hind feet ๋ท๋ค๋ฆฌ adapt [โฐdยฎpt] ์ ํฉํ๋ค, ์ ์ํ๋ค
lay [lei] (์์) ๋ณ๋ค tadpole [tยฎdpรฒul] ์ฌ์ฑ์ด extinction [ikstรญ\โซรn] ๋ฉธ์ข get around ์ด๊ฒจ๋ด๋ค, ํค์ด๋๋ค
breed [bri;d] ๋ฒ์์ํค๋ค, ๋ณ๋ค territory [tรจrโฐtโฅ;รทi] ํ pros and cons ์ฅ๋จ์ , ์ฐฌ๋ฐ์๋ก hybrid [hรกibrid] ํผํ์
shallow [โซยฎlou] ์์ tend to ~ํ๋ ๊ฒฝํฅ์ด ์๋ค reproduce [rรฌ;prโฐdโรน;s] ๋ฒ์ํ๋ค, ์์ํ๋ค
outweigh [ร utwรจi] ~๋ณด๋ค ๊ฐ์น๊ฐ ์๋ค, ์ค์ํ๋ค
Since it lives in the dry hot desert, the Spadefoot Toad, which has long, pointy
spade-like hind feet, has been forced to adapt for its survival. The dry weather
causes special problems during the mating season. Females lay their eggs in
pools of water, but if the pools dry up before the tadpoles become toads, the
Spadefoot Toad might face extinction since tadpoles cannot live on dry land as
toads can.
A new study shows that spadefoot parents
get around this problem in a very unusual
way. Most animal species donโt breed with
one another, and spadefoots generally donโt
either. But they will during dry seasons if it
helps their young survive. Two spadefoot
species, Spea bombifrons and Spea multiplicata, both live in the southwestern
United States, where they often occupy the same territory. They can mate with
each other, though there are pros and cons to doing so.
On the one side for S. bombifrons, the hybrid tadpoles develop faster than
tadpoles with two S. bombifrons parents. The hybrid tadpoles are therefore
more likely to survive if they are born in a shallow pool that dries up quickly.
On the other side, the hybrids tend to have problems reproducing once they
become adults. Scientists have discovered that when S. bombifrons females are
breeding in particularly shallow pools, they seem to decide that the pros of
breeding with the other species outweigh the cons.
Science Technology NaturePassage
Chapter 05 99
1. Which of the following is true?
โ Spadefoot toads would not lay their eggs in shallow water.
โก Spadefoot toads strictly mate within limited kinds of species.
โข Tadpoles will adapt to survive on land during the dry season.
โฃ Different species of spadefoot toad can live in the same area.
โค Many spadefoot toad species are facing the threat of extinction.
Info Scan
3. Explain the pros and cons of mating with a different species in
Korean.
Analysis
4. ๋ฐ์ค ์น occupy์ ์๋ฏธ์ ๊ฐ์ฅ ๊ฐ๊น์ด ๊ฒ์?
โ clear โก divide
โข inhabit โฃ reproduce
โค fight for
Vocabulary
Aim High Reading
2. ๋ค์ ๋น์นธ์ ์์ฑํ์ฌ ๊ด์ฐฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์์ฑํ์์ค. Summary
S. bombifrons females will break the usual rule and mate
with in order to produce
that will hop out of those shallow
pools before .
pros:
cons:
S. multiplicata males
fast-developing tadpoles
they dry up
๋นจ๋ฆฌ์ฑ์ฅํ๋ฏ๋ก๋ฌผ์ด๋ง๋ฅด๊ธฐ์ ์์ด์์๋ํ๋ฅ ์ดํฌ๋ค.
์ฑ์ฅํด์๋ฒ์์๋ชปํ๋๊ฒฝํฅ์ด์๋ค.
100 Level 3-A
1. Youโre [ lying / laying ] to me.
2. The dog was [ lying / laying ] on the ground.
3. I saw the book [ laid / lain / lied ] on the table.
4. The great ocean of truth [ lay / laid / lied ] undiscovered before me.
Quiz ๋ค์๊ดํธ์์์์๋ง์๊ฒ์๊ณ ๋ฅด์์ค.
Females lay their eggs in pools of water. ์์ปท์๋ฌผ์ ๋ฉ์ด์์์๋ณ๋๋ค.
He lay down on the grass. ๊ทธ๋ํ๋ฐญ์๋๋ฌ๋์ ๋ค.
He lied about his age. ๊ทธ๋์๊ธฐ๋์ด๋ฅผ์ ๋ค.+
+
Two spadefoot species, Spea bombifrons and Spea multiplicata, both live in the
southwestern United States, where they often occupy the same territory.
Two spadefoot species์๋๊ฒฉ์ธ๊ฒ์?
Tips lay์ lie๋ฅผ ์ ๊ตฌ๋ถํด์ผ ํ๋ค. ์๋ฏธ๋ฟ ์๋๋ผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ์ฌ ๋ณํํ์๋ ์ฃผ์ํ๋ค. ์ฐ์ lay๋ ํ๋์ฌ๋ก์ใ๋ํ๋ค, ๋๋ค,
(์์) ๋ณ๋คใ๋ผ๋ ๋ป์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๋ณํํ์ lay-laid-laid-laying์ด๋ค. lie๋ ์๋์ฌ์ธ๋ฐ, ใ๋๋ค, ๋๋ฌ๋๋ค, ๋์ ์๋คใ์ ์๋ฏธ์ผ
๋๋ lie-lay-lain-lying์๋ณํํ์๊ฐ์ง๋ฉฐ, ใ๊ฑฐ์ง๋งํ๋คใ์์๋ฏธ์ผ๋๋ lie-lied-lied-lying์ํํ๋ก๋ณํ๋ค.
โ
Grammar lay์ lie์๊ตฌ๋ถ
Structure ๊ด๊ณ๋ถ์ฌ์
๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ฃผ์ด + ๋์ฌ + (์ ์น์ฌ๊ตฌ) + (๊ด๊ณ๋ถ์ฌ์ )
where์์ ํ์ฌ๋?
โ
์ฃผ์ด โ
๋์ฌ โ
(์ ์น์ฌ๊ตฌ) โ
(๊ด๊ณ๋ถ์ฌ์ ) โ
Spea bombifrons and Spea multiplicata
in the southwestern United States
Two spadefoot species, Spea bombifronsand Spea multiplicata, both
live
in the southwestern United States
where they often occupy the same territory
Chapter 05 101
P a s s a g e 1 7
๋ค์๋ฐ์ค์น์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง์๋ฌธ๋งฅ์๋ง๊ฒ ์ํ์์ค.
Writing 1. The Spadefoot Toad might face extinction since tadpoles cannot live
on dry land ๋๊บผ๋น๊ฐ๊ทธ๋ด์์๋๊ฒ์ฒ๋ผ.
2. Spadefoot parents ์ด๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ์ด๊ฒจ๋ธ๋ค in a very unusual way.
3. They will during dry seasons ๊ทธ๊ฒ์ด์ด๋ฆฐ๊ฒ๋ค์์ด์๋จ๊ฒํ๋๋ฐ์๋์์ด
๋๋ค๋ฉด.
4. The hybrid tadpoles ๊ทธ๋์๋~ํ๊ฒ๋ ๊ฒ๊ฐ๋ค survive if they are born
in a shallow pool that dries up quickly.
5. On the other side, the hybrids ๋ฒ์ํ๋๋ฐ์๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ๊ฐ์ง๊ฒ๋๋๊ฒฝํฅ์ด์๋ค
once they become adults.
as toads can
get around this problem
if it helps their young survive
are therefore more likely to
tend to have problems reproducing
102 Level 3-A
swing [swi\] ๋ณ๋, ๋์ clinically [klรญnikรli] ์์์ ์ผ๋ก unidentifiable [โฐnaidรจntโฐfร iโฐbรl] ํ์ธ๋ ์ ์๋
indicate [รญndikรฉit] ๊ฐ๋ฆฌํค๋ค, ์ง์ ํ๋ค bipolar [baipรณulโฐรท] ์๊ทน์ฑ์ manic-depressive [mยฎnikdiprรจsiv] ์กฐ์ธ์ฆ์
mania [mรจiniโฐ] ์กฐ๋ณ(่บ็ ); ์ด์ค at least ์ ์ด๋ impair [impยฌโฐรท] ์์ํ๋ค, ํด์น๋ค
Everyone experiences mood swings at times, but some people have such
extreme mood swings that they are clinically ill. These people can feel ecstatic
for a few weeks about something happening to them that would merely be
pleasant to someone else. (A) Then they can shift into a severe depression,
being unable to concentrate and having extremely negative thoughts about
themselves. (B) The cause for the depression might be unidentifiable. (C)
In many cases such extreme mood swings
indicate that the person is suffering from
one of two forms of bipolar illness. (D) The
first type of bipolar illness, bipolar I
disorder, was previously called manic-
depressive illness. (E) People who suffer
from this illness go through either periods
of mania, extreme happiness, and then depression or simply go through only a
period of mania or depression. People who are experiencing bipolar I disorder
have trouble relating to others because of their disorder. To be considered to be
going through an episode of depression, the period of depression must last at
least two weeks, but a clinical definition of mania doesnโt require that a person
feel ecstatic for any set period of time.
Patients suffering from bipolar II disorder which usually starts with a depressive
episode have mainly depression and a few manic episodes. They are not as
socially impaired in their interactions with others as patients suffering from
bipolar I disorder. They carry on in their daily life and with their daily routines.
Food HealthPassage
Chapter 05 103
1. According to the passage, which of the following is true? (choose two)
โ Bipolar disorder can be divided into two types depending on its symptoms.
โก Bipolar disorder can be diagnosed and treated easily withoutany aftereffects.
โข The symptoms of bipolar disorder are very similar to regularmood swings.
โฃ Patients with bipolar disorder can have uplifted moods anddepression by turns.
โค People with bipolar disorder always have same periods of mania and depression.
2. ๋ค์ ์ฆ์์ ๋ณด๊ณ bipolar I์ธ์ง bipolar II์ธ์ง๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถํ์ฌ ์ฐ์์ค.
Info Scan
Analysis
3. ์ ํ๋ฆ์ ์ฃผ์ด์ง ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ด ๋ค์ด๊ฐ๊ธฐ ์ ์ ํ ๊ณณ์?Coherence
4. ๋ฐ์ค ์น ecstatic๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ ์๋ฏธ๋ก ์ฌ์ฉ๋ ๋จ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณธ๋ฌธ์์ ์ฐพ์ ์ฐ์์ค. Vocabulary
Aim High Reading
์ฌ๋๋ค๊ณผ์๊ด๊ณ๊ฐ์ด๋ ต๋ค.
์ฌํํฅ๋ถ๊ณผ์ฐ์ธ์ด๋ฐ๋ณต๋๋ค.
์ฌ๋๋ค๊ณผ์๊ด๊ณ๊ฐ์์๋์ง์๋๋ค.
ํฅ๋ถํ๋๊ฒฝ์ฐ๋์ ๊ณ ์ฃผ๋ก์ฐ์ธ๋ง๊ณ์๋๋ค.
โ (A) โก (B) โข (C)
โฃ (D) โค (E)
If it is known, it is clear that most people would not reactthis deeply to this kind of problem.
bipolar I
bipolar I
bipolar II
bipolar II
manic
104 Level 3-A
1. Good medicine tastes bitterly. โ
2. The lake looks beautifully in the moonlight. โ
Quiz ๋ค์๋ฌธ์ฅ์์์ด์ํ๋ถ๋ถ์์ฐพ์๊ณ ์ณ์ฐ์์ค.
These people can feel ecstatic for a few weeks.
The little child looked pale. +
Patients suffering from bipolar II disorder which usually starts with a depressive
episode have mainly depression and a few manic episodes.
Patients๋์ด๋ค์ฌ๋๋ค์ธ๊ฐ?
Tips ๋ณด์ด๋ ์ฌ๋์ด๋ ์ฌ๋ฌผ์ ์ํ๋ฅผ ์ค๋ช ํ๋ค. ์ฃผ๊ฒฉ๋ณด์ด์ ๋ชฉ์ ๊ฒฉ๋ณด์ด๊ฐ ์๋ค. ์ด๋ฐ ๋ณด์ด ์๋ฆฌ์ ์ฌ ์ ์๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ช ์ฌ, ํ์ฉ์ฌ
๋ฑ์ด๋ค. ๋ถ์ฌ๊ฐ์ฌ์์๋ค๋๋ฐ์์ ์ํด์ผํ๋ค.
โ
์ฃผ์ด โ
๋์ฌ โ
๋ชฉ์ ์ด โ
Grammar ํ์ฉ์ฌ๋ณด์ด
Structure ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ์๋ช ์ฌ์์
๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ฃผ์ด + ๋์ฌ + ๋ชฉ์ ์ด
bipolar II disorder๋์ด๋ ํ๋ณ์ธ๊ฐ?
โ
Good medicine tastes bitter.
The lake looks beautiful in the moonlight.
suffering from bipolar II disorder
usually starts ~ episode
Patients suffering from bipolar II disorder which ~ episode
have
mainly depression and a few manic episodes
Chapter 05 105
P a s s a g e 1 8
๋ค์๋ฐ์ค์น์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง์๋ฌธ๋งฅ์๋ง๊ฒ ์ํ์์ค.
Writing 1. These people can feel ecstatic ๊ทธ๋ค์๊ฒ์ผ์ด๋๋๊ฒ์๋ํด that would
merely be pleasant to someone else.
2. The cause for the depression ํ์ธ๋์ง์์์ง๋๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋ค.
3. People who are experiencing bipolar I disorder ~์๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ๋งบ๋๋ฐ์
๋ฌธ์ ๊ฐ์๋ค others because of their disorder.
4. The period of depression ์ ์ด๋ 2์ฃผ๊ฐ์ง์๋์ด์ผํ๋ค.
5. They are not as socially impaired ~์์ํธ์์ฉ์ํ๋๋ฐ์์์ด์ others
as patients suffering from bipolar I disorder.
about something happening to them
might be unidentifiable
have trouble relating to
must last at least two weeks
in their interactions with
106 Level 3-A
mad cow disease ๊ด์ฐ๋ณ push for ~์ ์๊พธ ์๊ตฌํ๋ค normalization [nโค;รทmโฐlizรจiโซรn] ์ ์ํ
regulator [rรจgjโฐlรฉitโฐรท] ๊ท์ ์, ๋จ์์ regarding [rigยฃ;รทdi\] ~์ ๊ดํ revelation [rรฉvโฐlรจiโซรn] ํญ๋ก, ์์ธ์ ์ผ
strain [strein] ๊ธด์ฅ์ํค๋ค diplomatic [dรฌplโฐmยฎtik] ์ธ๊ต์ not ~ without doing ~ํ๋ฉด ๋ฐ๋์ โฆํ๋ค
marinated [mยฎrinรฉitid] ์๋ ๋ skeptical [skรจptikรl] ์์ฌ ๋ง์, ํ์์ ์ธ cattle [kยฎtl] (์งํฉ์ ) ์, ๊ฐ์ถ
A single case of mad cow disease in
December of 2003 has greatly affected the
trading relationship between Korea and
America. Americans have been pushing for
the normalization of beef trade, but Koreans
have been concerned about their health.
After all, mad cow disease is fatal and public fears are not easily pushed aside
by the assurances of government regulators. Defining โnormalizationโ is not an
easy thing to do, but Korea is following international standards regarding the
safety and importation of American beef these days. (A) Nevertheless, it is clear
that the revelation in December of 2003 that one American cow had mad cow
disease will inevitably continue to strain diplomatic relationships. (B)
Scientists tell the public that by eating infected beef they can get the same
disease cows have. So citizens cannot put a burger to their lips without
wondering if the beef patty will make them go crazy. (C) Furthermore,
housewives now carefully check the origin of beef they buy in the supermarket.
(D) And people think that cheap prices for marinated beef ribs in restaurants
must mean they have been imported from America. So, you ought to think
twice before eating there. (E)
The origin of this skeptical behavior is the horrible nature of the disease itself.
Cattle infected with this disease exhibit odd and strange behavior. They seem to
be constantly stressed and nervous. They fall down unexpectedly and walk
awkwardly. The reason is that the animalsโ brain and central nervous system are
being broken down by the disease. And because the disease has the same effect
on humans, well, our doubts seem justified.
Food HealthPassage
Chapter 05 107
1. ์ ํ๋ฆ์ ์ฃผ์ด์ง ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ด ๋ค์ด๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ์ฅ ์ ์ ํ ๊ณณ์?
2. ๋ฐ์ค ์น inevitably์ ์๋ฏธ์ ๊ฐ์ฅ ๊ฐ๊น์ด ๊ฒ์?
โ finally โก eventually
โข unavoidably โฃ certainly
โค gradually
Coherence
Vocabulary
3. ๋ฐ์ค ์น this skeptical behavior๊ฐ ๊ฐ๋ฆฌํค๋ ํ๋์ผ๋ก, ๋ณธ๋ฌธ์ ์ธ๊ธ๋
์ธ ๊ฐ์ง๋ฅผ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง๋ก ์ฐ์์ค.
Analysis
4. According to the passage, which of the following is true? (choose two)
โ There have been many cases of mad cow disease in the UnitedStates.
โก The U.S. government has succeeded in normalizing beef export.
โข The disease can be transferred to a person who eats infected beef.
โฃ Korean people became very hesitant about buying imported beef.
โค Mad cow disease has been found in beef imported from manycountries.
Info Scan
Aim High Reading
โ (A) โก (B) โข (C)
โฃ (D) โค (E)
The stress results partly from the publicโs fears abouthealth.
ํ๋ฒ๊ฑฐ์์ ๊ณ ๊ธฐํจํฐ๋ฅผ๋จน์ผ๋ฉด๋ฏธ์น๊ฒ๋์ง๋์๋์ง์๊ฐํ๋ค.
์ฃผ๋ถ๋ค์ด์ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์์์ฐ์ง๋ฅผ๊ผผ๊ผผํํ์ธํ๋ค.
์๋น์๊ฐ์ผ์ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์๋ ๊ฐ๋น๋๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์์์ ๋๊ฒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ์๊ฐํ๋ค
108 Level 3-A
1. ๋ด๋ฐฉ์๋๊ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ๊ฑฐ์์๋ค. โ I have in my room.
2. ์ฑ์ง์๋ค์๊ทธํ์์์ฐธ์ํ๋ค. (clergy, be present) โ at the meeting.
3. ๊ฐ๊ธ๋ฅ๋์ฌ๋์ด๋จน์์๋์ผ๋ก๊ณ ๊ธฐ์๋ฌ๊ฑ์์ ๊ณตํ๊ธฐ์ํด์ฌ์ก๋๋์กฐ๋ฅ์ด๋ค. (poultry)
โ that are raised to provide meat and eggs for human food.
Quiz ๋ค์์ ์ํ์์ค.
Cattle infected with this disease exhibit odd and strange behavior.
The police are after him.+
The revelation in December of 2003 that one American cow had mad cow disease
will inevitably continue to strain diplomatic relationships.
Tips ์งํฉ๋ช ์ฌ๋ ์งํฉ์ฒด(๋จ์ฒด)๋ฅผ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ๋ช ์ฌ๋ก์ ๋จ์ํ๊ณผ ๋ณต์ํ์ด ์๋ค. ๊ตฐ์ง๋ช ์ฌ๋ ์งํฉ์ฒด์ ๊ฐ์ฒด(๊ตฌ์ฑ์)๋ค์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ๋ช
์ฌ๋ก์ํํ๋๋จ์ํ์ด์ง๋ง๋ด์ฉ์๋ณต์๋ก์ทจ๊ธํ๋ค. cattle, vermin, poultry ๋ฑ์๋ถ์ ๊ด์ฌ๋ฅผ๋ถ์ด์ง๋ชปํ๊ณ ๋ณต์ํ์ผ
๋ก ์ฐ์ผ ์ ์๋ค. furniture, clothing ๋ฑ์ ๊ด์ฌ ์์ด ํญ์ ๋จ์ํ์ผ๋ก ์ฐ๋ฉฐ ๋จ์๋ก ์ทจ๊ธํ๋ค. police, clergy๋ ์ ๊ด์ฌ
์ํจ๊ป์ฐ๊ณ ํญ์๋จ์ํ์ด๋ฉฐ๋ณต์๋ก์ทจ๊ธ๋๋ค.
Grammar ์งํฉ๋ช ์ฌ์๊ตฐ์ง๋ช ์ฌ
Structure ๋๊ฒฉ
๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ฃผ์ด + (์ ์น์ฌ๊ตฌ) + (๋๊ฒฉ์ ) + ๋์ฌ + ๋ชฉ์ ์ด
The revelation์ด๋์ด๋ค๋ด์ฉ์ธ๊ฐ?
(ํด์)
(์ด๋ค ๋ด์ฉ)โ
โ
์ฃผ์ด โ
(์ ์น์ฌ๊ตฌ) โ
(๋๊ฒฉ์ ) โ
๋์ฌ โ
๋ชฉ์ ์ด โ
little furniture
The clergy were present
Poultry are birds
that one American cow had mad cow disease
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ฐ์ ๊ณ ๊ธฐํ๋ง๋ฆฌ๊ฐ๊ด์ฐ๋ณ์ด์์๋ค๋ํญ๋ก(๋ฐํ์ง)
The revelation
in December of 2003
will inevitably continue
to strain diplomatic relationships
that one American cow had mad cow disease
Chapter 05 109
P a s s a g e 1 9
๋ค์๋ฐ์ค์น์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง์๋ฌธ๋งฅ์๋ง๊ฒ ์ํ์์ค.
Writing
2. Defining โnormalizationโ ํ๊ธฐ์ฌ์ด์ผ์ด์๋๋ค.
3. Scientists tell the public that by eating infected beef they ์๊ฐ์ง๋
๊ฐ์์ง๋ณ์์ป์์์๋ค.
1. Americans ~์๋์ง๊ธฐ๊ฒ์๊ตฌํด์ค๊ณ ์๋ค the normalization of the beef
trade.
4. Citizens cannot put a burger to their lips ~์์์ฌํ์ง์๊ณ ์๋ if the
beef patty will make them go crazy.
5. ๊ทธ์ด์ ๋~๋ผ๋๊ฒ์ด๋ค the animalsโ brain and central nervous system
are being broken down by the disease.
have been pushing for
is not an easy thing to do
can get the same disease cows have
without wondering
The reason is that
110 Level 3-A
neuron [nโรนรrยฐn] ๋ด๋ฐ (์ ๊ฒฝ ๋จ์) excitable [iksรกitโฐbรl] ์๊ทน๋ฐ๊ธฐ ์ฌ์ด membrane [mรจmbrein] ์ธํฌ๋ง
light bulb ์ ๊ตฌ use up ๋ค ์จ๋ฒ๋ฆฌ๋ค impressive [imprรจsiv] ์ธ์์ ์ธ figure [fรญgjโฐรท] ์ซ์
photographic memory ์ฌ์ง์ฒ๋ผ ์ ๋ช ํ ๊ธฐ์ต๋ ฅ
The human brain is composed of more than 100 billion neurons (nerve cells)
through which electric pulses travel at more 400 km an hour. The pulses
generated by the electrically excitable membrane of the neuron are commands
sent by the brain telling different parts of the body what to do. As these electric
pulses travel throughout our body they are actually creating sufficient electricity
to power a light bulb. The production of electricity
obviously requires a fuel source which in this case
is the food we eat. The brain is a huge consumer
of caloric energy, using up an impressive 20% of
the calories we eat.
Not only is the brainโs composition special, but so is its capacity. It is estimated
that the mental capacity of a 100-year old human with perfect memory could be
represented by a computer with 10 to the power of 15 bits (one petabit). At the
current rate of computer chip development, that figure can be reached in about
35 years. (a) , that represents just memory capacity, not the
extremely complex processes of thought creation and emotions.
It is often thought that only a few special people possess photographic memory,
but this is not true. According to scientists, anyone can train his or her brain so
that he or she has โphotographic memory.โ Orangutans and dolphins like
humans can recognize themselves in a mirror, but only humans seem to quickly
forget what they look like once they turn away from a mirror. Can you draw a
picture of yourself without looking in a mirror? A few people can do this by
training the brain. (b) , our capacity to memorize is not
something we are born with. We need to train our brains in order to use this
capacity.
Science Technology NaturePassage
Chapter 05 111
1. Which of the following is true about neurons? (choose two)
โ They issue commands to each part of the body.
โก They are cells that process and transmit information.
โข They create enough electricity to power a house.
โฃ They can be found in each part of human body.
โค They create electric pulses that travel through our body.
2. Why does the author mention thought creation and emotions in
paragraph 2?
โ to imply that computers can later create thoughts and emotions
โก to explain why computers are often compared with human brains
โข to imply that it is impossible for computers to surpass humanbrains
โฃ to indicate what the future aims of advanced technologies are
โค to show what counts the most when considering brain capacity
Info Scan
Inference
3. ๋ฐ์ค ์น 10 to the power of 15 bits๋ฅผ ์ซ์๋ก ํํํ์์ค. Detail
4. ๋น์นธ (a)์ (b)์ ๋ค์ด๊ฐ ์๋ง์ ๋ง๋ก ์ง์ง์ด์ง ๊ฒ์?
(a) (b)
โ Besides โฆ Furthermore
โก However โฆ In the meantime
โข Otherwise โฆ In addition
โฃ However โฆ In other words
โค By the way โฆ Moreover
Coherence
Aim High Reading
bits1015
112 Level 3-A
1. A: ๋ ๋งค์ฐ๊ธฐ์๊ฒ๊ฐ๊ตฌ๋. โ B: ์ ๋ง ๊ทธ๋์.
โ A: You look very happy. โB: .
2. A: ์ง๋ ์ฌ๋ฆ์๋๋ํ๋ฆฌ์์์๋ค. โ B: ๋๋ ๊ทธ๋ฌ์ด.
โ A: I was in Paris last summer. โB: .
Quiz ๋ค์์ ์ํ์์ค.
Not only is the brainโs composition special, but so is its capacity.
You said it was good, and so it is.+
The pulses generated by the electrically excitable membrane of the neuron are
commands sent by the brain telling different parts of the body what to do.
The pulses๋์ด๋ค์ ํ๋ฅผ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ๋๊ฐ?
Tips <so+์ฃผ์ด+(์กฐ)๋์ฌ>๋ ์ ํ์ ์ง์ ์ ๋ํ์ฌ ๋์ยทํ์ธ์ ๋ํ๋ด์ดโ์ ๋ง๋ก, ์ฐธ์ผ๋ก, ์ค์ โ๋ผ๋ ์๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ํ๋ธ๋ค. ๋ฐ๋ฉด
<so+(์กฐ)๋์ฌ+์ฃผ์ด>๋ ๋ค๋ฅธ์ฃผ์ด์๋ธ๋ฆฐ๊ธ์ ์์ง์ ์๋ง๋ถ์ฌโโฆ๋์ญ์O๋ํPโ์ด๋ผ๋์๋ฏธ์ด๋ค.
โ
Grammar <so + ๋์ฌ+ ์ฃผ์ด> vs. <so + ์ฃผ์ด+ ๋์ฌ>
Structure ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ์๋ช ์ฌ์์
commands๋์ด๋ค๋ช ๋ น์๋งํ๋๊ฐ?
โ
๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ฃผ์ด + ๋์ฌ + ๋ณด์ด + (๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ) + (๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ)
์ฃผ์ด โ
๋์ฌ โ
๋ณด์ด โ
(๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ) โ
(๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ) โ
So I am
So was I.
generated by the electrically excitable membrane of the neuron
sent by the brain telling different parts of the body what to do
The pulses generated by the electricallyexcitable membrane of the neuron
are
sent by the brain
telling different parts of the body what to do
commands
Chapter 05 113
P a s s a g e 2 0
๋ค์๋ฐ์ค์น์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง์๋ฌธ๋งฅ์๋ง๊ฒ ์ํ์์ค.
Writing 1. The human brain is composed of more than 100 billion neurons ๋ด๋ฐ
์ํตํด์์ ๊ธฐํ์ค๊ฐ์ด๋ํ๋ at more 400 km an hour.
3. ๋๋์๊ตฌ์ฑ์ดํน๋ณํ ๋ฟ๋ง์๋๋ผ, but so is its capacity.
2. These electric pulses are actually creating sufficient electricity ์ ๊ตฌ
ํ๋๋ฅผ์ผค์์๋.
5. Our capacity to memorize is not ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ํ์ด๋๋์ด๋ค๊ฒ.
4. But only humans seem to quickly forget ๊ทธ๋ค์ด์ด๋ป๊ฒ์๊ฒผ๋์ง๋ฅผ once
they turn away from a mirror.
through which electric pulses travel
to power a light bulb
Not only is the brainโs composition special
what they look like
something we are born with
Review
114 Level 3-A
A ๋ค์ ๋จ์ด์ ๋ป์ ์ฐ์์ค.
B A์ ๋จ์ด๋ฅผ ํ์ฉํ์ฌ ๋ค์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง์ ๋ง๊ฒ ์ํ์์ค.
01. ๊ทน์ฌํ๊ฐ๋
02. ํ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์์ (herd)
03. ๋ถ์น์๋ณ, ์ฃฝ์๋ณ
04. ๋์๋ค์จ๋ฒ๋ฆฌ๋ค
05. ์ธ๊ต๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ์๋ฆฝํ๋ค (establish)
06. ๋ด์๊ฐ์์๋ณ์๋ค.
C A์ ๋จ์ด๋ฅผ ํ์ฉํ์ฌ ๋ค์ ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ๋น์นธ์ ๋ฌธ๋งฅ์ ์๋ง์ ๋ง์ ์ฐ์์ค.
01. If you are about something, you have doubts about it.
02. are small water creatures that grow into frogs or toads.
03. is land that is controlled by a particular country or ruler.
04. If something is for a particular purpose, there is enough of it for
the purpose.
05. If you on something, you give all your attention to it.
06. Basically, to is to make something or someone well suited to a
certain purpose or circumstance.
01. adapt
02. cattle
03. concentrate
04. diplomatic
05. extreme
06. fatal
07. lay
08. skeptical
09. sufficient
10. tadpole
11. territory
12. use up
์ ํฉํ๋ค, ์ ์ํ๋ค
์, ๊ฐ์ถ
์ง์คํ๋ค
์ธ๊ต์
๊ทน์ฌํ
์น๋ช ์ ์ธ
(์์) ๋ณ๋ค, (~์) ๋๋ค
์์ฌ๋ง์, ํ์์ ์ธ
์ถฉ๋ถํ
์ฌ์ฑ์ด
ํ
๋ค์จ๋ฒ๋ฆฌ๋ค
extreme poverty
a herd of cattle
a fatal disease
use up all the money
establish diplomatic relations
My bird laid an egg.
skeptical
Tadpoles
Territory
sufficient
concentrate
adapt
Chapter 05 115
Passages 17-20
D ๋ค์ ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ๋น์นธ์ ์ด๋ฒ์ ์๋ง์ ๊ฒ์ ๊ณ ๋ฅด์์ค.
01. Heavy snow made it for us to climb the mountain.
โ impossibility โก impossibly โข impossible
02. These two substances taste to some people.
โ bittered โก bitterly โข bitter
03. removed from the site after the announcement.
โ A cattle was โก Cattle were โข Cattles were
04. He had to down on the couch for fifteen minutes before
the meeting.
โ lie โก lay โข be lying
05. I saw the whole city when the game started.
โ emptily โก empty โข emptied
06. What is your favorite item of ?
โ clothing โก clothings โข a clothing
07. He his clothes on his chair for the next day.
โ lay โก laid โข lied
08. The origin of the pyramid remained .
โ mystery โก mysterious โข mysteriously
09. This article offers 10 tips on how to avoid mistakes while
new tile in your bathroom.
โ lying โก laying โข lain
10. The proposal made by the committee sounded to me.
โ unreason โก unreasonably โข unreasonable
AIM HIGH์์ํ์ด
๋ฆฌ๋ฉREADING
Level
3-A
Answer Keys
2 Aim High Reading | Level 3-A
Chapter 01
Vocabulary Pre-check
abandon ํฌ๊ธฐํ๋ค
activation ํ์ฑ(ํ)
adopt ์ฑํํ๋ค
aerospace ์ฐ์ฃผ๊ณต๊ฐ
alter ๋ฐ๊พธ๋ค, ๋ณ๊ฒฝํ๋ค
approximately ๋๋ต
barrier ์ธํ๋ฆฌ, ์ฅ๋ฒฝ
byproduct ๋ถ์ฐ๋ฌผ
charged ์ ํ๋ฅผ๋ค, ๋์ (ๅธถ้ป)ํ
churn out ๋๋์ผ๋ก๋ฐ์ํ๋ค
coalesce ์์ง์ํค๋ค
composition ๊ตฌ์ฑ, ์ฑ๋ถ
concentration ๋๋, ์ง์ค
conclusively ํ์คํ๊ฒ
consequence ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํฅ
consequently ๊ทธ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ
counteract ๋ฐ์์ฉํ๋ค, (ํจ๊ณผ ๋ฑ์) ์์ ๋ค
depend on ~์๋ฌ๋ ค์๋ค, ~์ ์์กดํ๋ค
determiner ๊ฒฐ์ ์ธ์
disperse ํฉ๋จ๋ฆฌ๋ค, ๋ถ์ฐ์ํค๋ค
enormous ๋ง๋ํ, ๊ฑฐ๋ํ
eruption ๋ถ์ถ, ํญ๋ฐ
exception ์์ธ, ์ ์ธ
exploration ํ์ฌ, ํํ
formation ํ์ฑ
fossil ํ์
gene ์ ์ ์
grassland ๋ชฉ์ด์ง
hiccup ๋ธ๊พน์ง, ์ฝ๊ฐ์๋ฌธ์
hypothesize ๊ฐ์ค์์ธ์ฐ๋ค
hypothetically ๊ฐ์ ํ์ฌ
identical ๋์ผํ
ignition ์ ํ
inhabit ์ด๋ค, ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ๋ค
interfere with ~์๋ฐฉํดํ๋ค
inversion ๋ฐ๋, ์ญ์
launch ๋ฐ์ฌํ๋ค
master ์๋ฌํ๋ค, ์ ํตํ๋ค
minute ๋ฏธ์ธํ, ์ฌ์ํ
moisture ์๋ถ, ์ต๊ธฐ
navigation ํญํด์ , ํญ๊ณต์
numerous ๋ค์์, ์๋ง์
obstacle ์ฅ์ (๋ฌผ)
opportunity ๊ธฐํ
particle ๋ฏธ๋ฆฝ์, ๋ถ์
pigment ์์
preserve ๋ณด์กดํ๋ค
property ํน์ฑ, ์ฑ์ง
radiation ๋ณต์ฌ์๋์ง
reflect ๋ฐ์ฌํ๋ค
reflective ๋ฐ์ฌํ๋, ๋ฐ์ฌ์ ์ธ
release ๋ฐฉ์ถํ๋ค
reveal ๋ฐํ๋ด๋ค
satellite ์์ฑ
sequence ๋ฐฐ์ด, ์์
shed (๋น์) ํผ๋จ๋ฆฌ๋ค
skull ๋๊ฐ๊ณจ
spacecraft ์ฐ์ฃผ์
specifically ๋ช ํํ, ์ ํํ๊ฒ
specimen ํ๋ณธ, ๊ฒฌ๋ณธ
stock ํํต, ๊ฐ๊ณ
telecommunication ์๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌํต์
the number of ~์์
variable ๋ณ์
| ์ ๋ต |
1. โก / โฃ
2. a huge amount of charged particles (solar
wind) / blocks the charged particles / the
Earthโs magnetic field 3. ์ฝ๋ก๋: ์ ํ์์ํ๋ฉด๋ณด๋ค์ฝ๋ก๋(ํ์์๋๊ธฐ)๊ฐ
๋๋จ๊ฑฐ์ด๊ฐ
ํ์ํ: ์ํ์ํ์ด์ง๊ตฌ์์๊ธฐ์ฅ์๋ซ๊ณ ๋ค์ด์ค๋๊ฐ
4. โข
| ํด์ค |
1. โก Most of the Sunโs surface is much hotter than
its atmosphere.(ํ์์ ํ๋ฉด ๋๋ถ๋ถ์ ํ์์ ๋๊ธฐ๋ณด๋ค
ํจ์ฌ ๋ ๋จ๊ฒ๋ค.)๋ ํ๋ฆฐ ๋ด์ฉ์ด๋ค. ๊ทธ ๋ฐ๋๊ฐ ์ณ๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ
๊ณ โฃ The Hinode brought some data that can
explain the corona problem.(Hinode๋ ์ฝ๋ก๋ ๋ฌธ์
๋ฅผ ์ค๋ช ํ ์ ์๋ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ ธ์๋ค.)์ ๋ํ ์ธ๊ธ์ ๋
์ ์์ง ์๋ค. ๋ฏธ์ ์ ๋ํ ๋ด์ฉ์ด ์์ ๋ฟ์ด์ง, ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ
์๋ํ์ค๋ช ์์๋ค.
์ด ์๋ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ๋ค์ ์ค์ฌ์ค์ด์๋๊ฒ์? (2๊ฐ)
โ ํ์ํ๋ผ์ค๋ง๋๊ธฐ์์จ๋๋๋ฐฑ๋ง์ผ๋น์๋๋๋ค.
โข ์ฝ๋ก๋๋ฌธ์ ์๋ํ๋ช ํํ์ค๋ช ์๋์ด์์ง์๋ค.
โค ์ด๋ค ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ํ์์ ์๊ธฐ ํ๋์ด ๋๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋จ๊ฒ๊ฒ ํ
๋ค๊ณ ๋ฏฟ๋๋ค.
2. ์ธ๋ฒ์งธ๋จ๋ฝ์์์ฝํ๋ฉด๋ค์๊ณผ๊ฐ์๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
โ The Sun emits a huge amount of charged
particles (solar wind). Usually, the Earthโs magnetic
field blocks the charged particles. But, sometimes,
the solar wind passes through the Earthโs magnetic
field. (ํ์์๊ฑฐ๋ํ์์์ ํ๋ฅผ๋ค๋ฏธ๋ฆฝ์(ํ์ํ)๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ
์ถํ๋ค. ์ผ๋ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก, ์ง๊ตฌ์ ์๊ธฐ์ฅ์ ๊ทธ ์ ํ๋ฅผ ๋ค ๋ฏธ๋ฆฝ
์๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๋จํ๋ค. ํ์ง๋ง ๋๋๋ก ํ์ํ์ ์ง๊ตฌ์ ์๊ธฐ์ฅ์
๋ซ๊ณ ์ง๋์จ๋ค.)
3. The Hinode space missionโs goal is to shed lighton the mysterious properties of the Sun.์์ ๋ณด๋ฉด,
Hinode space mission์ด ํ์์ ํน์ฑ์ ๊ดํด ํ๋ฆฌ์ง
์๋ ๋ถ๋ถ์ ํด๋ช ํ๋ ๊ฒ์์ ์ ์ ์๋ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์๋ก,
์ฝ๋ก๋์ ํ์ํ์ ๊ดํ ํ๋ฆฌ์ง ์๋ ์๋ฌธ๋ค์ด ์ธ๊ธ๋์
๋๋ฐ, ์ฝ๋ก๋(ํ์ ๋๊ธฐ)๊ฐ ํ์ ํ๋ฉด๋ณด๋ค ๋ ๋จ๊ฑฐ์ด ์ด์
์ ํ์ํ์ด ์ง๊ตฌ์ ์๊ธฐ์ฅ์ ๋ซ๊ณ ํต์ ์ฅ์ ๋ฅผ ์ผ์ผํค๋
์ด์ ์๋ํ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ์์๊ฒ์ด๋ผ๋๋ด์ฉ์ด๋ค.
4. ๋ง์ง๋ง ๋จ๋ฝ์์ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ํ์์ ๊ดํด ํ๋ฆฌ์ง ์๋ ๋ถ๋ถ๋ค
์ ๋ํ ๊ฐ์ค๋ค์ด ์๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ์ ์ ์๋ค. ์ฆ ์ ๋ต์ โข
There are some theories regarding unknown facts
about the Sun.(ํ์์ ๋ํด ์๋ ค์ง์ง ์์ ์ฌ์ค์ ๊ดํ
๋ช๊ฐ์ง์ด๋ก ๋ค์ด์๋ค.)์ด๋ค.
๋ค์ ์ค์ด ์์์ถ๋ก ํ ์์๋๊ฒ์?
โ ํ์์์ฐ๊ตฌํ๋๋ค๋ฅธ์ฐ์ฃผ์ ๋ค๋์๋ค.
โก Hinode๋ ์ผ๋ณธ ์ฌ๋๋ค์์ํด๋ฐ์ฌ๋์ฒซ๋ฒ์งธ์ฐ์ฃผ์
์ด๋ค.
โฃ Hinode ๋ฏธ์ ์ ์ถฉ๋ถํ ์ ๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๊ฒฌํ ๋๊น์ง ๊ณ์๋
๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
โค ๊ณผํ์๋ค์ ํ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ํด ๋ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐ์ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณํํ
๊ณ ์๋ค.
| ๋ณธ๋ฌธ |
Launched in September 2006, the Hinodespacecraft has been orbiting the Earth so as tokeep a constant view of the Sun. The Hinodespace missionโs goal โ โHinodeโ is Japanese forโsunriseโ โ is to shed light on the mysteriousproperties of the Sun. The mission is led by theJapan Aerospace Exploration Agency, withcooperation from several other space agencies.
First of all, the Hinode mission hopes to aidscientists in understanding the โcoronaproblem,โ that the Sunโs corona is much hotterthan the visible surface of the Sun. Thetemperature on the Sunโs surface is incrediblyhot, about 6,000 Kelvin (water boils at 373 Kelvinon Earth), but not so hot when compared to theSunโs plasma atmosphere, or corona, which isestimated to be one to three million Kelvin.Scientists have not been able to conclusivelyexplain the reason for this temperatureinversion. One theory relates to the discovery ofmagnetic waves which pass through the plasmaof the Sunโs corona. It is thought that thesewaves might be releasing energy which isheating the corona.
Secondly, scientists hope the Hinode missionwill help them understand why solar wind
Answer Keys 3
Passage01
4 Aim High Reading | Level 3-A
generated by the Sun sometimes interferes withtelecommunications, navigation and electricalpower systems on Earth. Solar wind is the hugeamount of charged particles that the Sun churnsout into space. The Earthโs magnetic fieldusually creates a barrier which protects theEarth from these charged particles, but notalways. Scientists want to know why thismagnetic barrier is not ful l-proof. Theyhypothesize that magnetic energy eruptions onthe Sun may interfere with the Earthโs magneticbarrier, but they really arenโt sure.
| ํด์ |
2006๋ 9์์ ๋ฐ์ฌ๋, Hinode ์ฐ์ฃผ์ ์ ํ์์ ๊ณ์ ์ง์ผ
๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ง๊ตฌ์ ๊ถค๋๋ฅผ ๋๊ณ ์๋ค. Hinode ์ฐ์ฃผ ๋ฏธ์ ๋ชฉ
์ โ Hinode๋โ์ผ์ถโ์ด๋ผ๋ ์ผ๋ณธ์ด์ด๋ค โ ์ ํ์์ ์
๋น์ค๋ฌ์ด ํน์ฑ์ ๋ฐํ๋ด๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. ๊ทธ ๋ฏธ์ ์ ๋ช๋ช ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฐ
์ฃผ๊ธฐ๊ด๋ค์ ํ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ป์ด ์ผ๋ณธ ์ฐ์ฃผ ํ์ฌ ๊ธฐ๊ด์ ์ํด ์งํ๋
๊ณ ์๋ค.
๋ฌด์๋ณด๋ค๋, Hinode ๋ฏธ์ ์ ๊ณผํ์๋ค๋ก ํ์ฌ๊ธ ํ์์ ์ฝ๋ก
๋๊ฐ ํ์์ ๋์ ๋ณด์ด๋ ํ๋ฉด๋ณด๋ค ํจ์ฌ ๋ ๋จ๊ฒ๋ค๋โ์ฝ๋ก
๋๋ฌธ์ โ๋ฅผ์ดํดํ๋๋ฐ๋์์์ฃผ๊ณ ์ํ๋๊ฒ์ด๋ค. ํ์ ํ
๋ฉด์ ์จ๋๋์ฝ 6,000์ผ๋น(๋ฌผ์ ์ง๊ตฌ์์ 373์ผ๋น์์ ๋๋
๋ค)์ผ๋ก ๋ฏฟ์ ์ ์์ ๋งํผ ๋จ๊ฒ์ง๋ง, ํ์์ ํ๋ผ์ค๋ง ๋๊ธฐ,
์ฆ ์ฝ๋ก๋์ ๋น๊ตํ ๋ ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ๋จ๊ฑฐ์ด ๊ฒ์ด ์๋๋ฐ, ์ฝ๋ก๋
๋ 1~3๋ฐฑ๋ง ์ผ๋น์ด๋ผ๊ณ ์ถ์ ๋๋ค. ๊ณผํ์๋ค์ ์ด ์จ๋ ์ญ์
์ ๋ํ ์ด์ ๋ฅผ ํ์คํ๊ฒ ์ค๋ช ํ์ง ๋ชปํ๋ค. ํ ์ด๋ก ์ ํ์
์ฝ๋ก๋์ ํ๋ผ์ค๋ง๋ฅผ ํตํด ํ๋ฅด๋ ์๊ธฐ ํ๋์ ๋ฐ๊ฒฌ๊ณผ ๊ด๋ จ
์ด ์๋ค. ์ด ํ์ฅ๋ค์ด ์ฝ๋ก๋๋ฅผ ๋จ๊ฒ๊ฒ ํ๋ ์๋์ง๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ถ
ํ๊ณ ์์์ง๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋ค๊ณ ์๊ฐ๋๋ค.
๋์งธ๋ก, ๊ณผํ์๋ค์ Hinode ๋ฏธ์ ์ด ํ์์ ์ํด ์์ฑ๋๋
ํ์ํ์ด ๋๋๋ก ์ ์ง๊ตฌ์ ์๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌํต์ , ๋ค๋น๊ฒ์ด์ ๊ณผ ์ ๋ ฅ
์์คํ ์ ๋ฐฉํดํ๋์ง ์ดํดํ๋ ๋ฐ ๋์์ด ๋๊ธธ ๋ฐ๋ผ๊ณ ์๋ค.
ํ์ํ์ ํ์์ด ์ฐ์ฃผ๋ก ๋๋ ๋ฐฉ์ถํ๋ ๊ฑฐ๋ํ ์์ ์ ํ๋ฅผ
๋ค ๋ฏธ๋ฆฝ์์ด๋ค. ์ผ๋ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ง๊ตฌ์ ์๊ธฐ์ฅ์ ์ด ์ ํ๋ฅผ ๋ค
๋ฏธ๋ฆฝ์๋ค๋ก๋ถํฐ ์ง๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํธํ๋ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒฝ์ ๋ง๋๋๋ฐ, ํญ์ ๊ทธ
๋ ์ง๋ ์๋ค. ๊ณผํ์๋ค์ ์ด ์๊ธฐ์ฅ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒฝ์ด ์์ ํ ๋ง์๋ด์ง
๋ชปํ๋ ์ด์ ๋ฅผ ์๊ณ ์ถ์ดํ๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ค์ ํ์์์์ ์๊ธฐ์๋
์ง ๋ถ์ถ์ด ์ง๊ตฌ์ ์๊ธฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒฝ์ ๊ฐ์ญํ๋ค๋ ๊ฐ์ค์ ์ธ์ ์ง๋ง,
์ ๋ง๋กํ์ ํ๋๊ฒ์์๋๋ค.
| ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ |
Launched in September 2006, the Hinode
spacecraft has been orbiting the Earth
Launched in September 2006๋ ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ผ๋ก, ๊ทธ ์
์ Being์ด ์๋ต๋์๋ค๊ณ ๋ณผ์์๋ค.
the โcorona problem,โ that the Sunโs corona is
much hotter than the visible surface of the Sun
that ์ดํ๋ the โcorona problemโ๊ณผ๋๊ฒฉ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋น๊ต๊ธ
์๊ฐ์กฐํ ๋๋much, even, far, still, a lot ๋ฑ์ ์ธ์
์๋ค.
Quiz
1. ๋น์ ์ด๋น๋์์ ์ ์ผ๋ก๋ฉดํ ์๋์๋๊ฒ์์๋๋ค.
โ Youโre not entirely free from blame.
2. ๋ชจ๋ ์ฑ ์ด์ฌ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋์ด๋์์ฃผ๋๊ฒ์์๋๋ค.
โ Not all books interest or profit us.
3. ์ธ์์์์ฑ๊ณต์๋ถ์ํ๋๊ณผ๋ฐ๋์๋์ผํ๊ฒ์์๋๋ค.
โ Success in life is not necessarily the same
thing as the acquirement of riches.
The temperature on the Sunโs surface is
incredibly hot, about 6,000 Kelvin, but not so hot
when compared to the Sunโs plasma
atmosphere, or corona, which is estimated to be
one to three million Kelvin.
not so hot ์์ ์๋ต๋์์๋ง์?
โ the temperature on the Sunโs surface is
when๊ณผ compared ์ฌ์ด์์๋ต๋์์๋ง์?
โ the temperature on the Sunโs surface is
<๋ฌธ์ฅ์๊ตฌ์กฐ>
์ฃผ์ด โ The temperature on the Sunโs
surface ๋์ฌ โ is ๋ณด์ด โ incredibly hot, about 6,000 Kelvin์ฐ๊ฒฐ์ด โ but ๋ณด์ด โ not so hot (๋ถ์ฌ์ ) โ when compared to the Sunโs
plasma atmosphere, or corona(๊ด๊ณ์ฌ์ )โ which is estimated to be one to
three million Kelvin
STRUCTURE
GRAMMAR
Answer Keys 5
1. The Hinode spacecraft has been orbiting the
Earth so as to keep a constant view of the Sun.(~์ ๊ณ์์ง์ผ๋ณด๊ธฐ์ํด)
2. The Sunโs corona is much hotter than the visible
surface of the Sun. (~๋ณด๋คํจ์ฌ๋๋จ๊ฒ๋ค)
3. The temperature on the Sunโs surface is not so
hot when compared to the Sunโs plasma
atmosphere, or corona. (~์ ๋น๊ตํ ๋)
4. It is thought that these waves might be
releasing energy which is heating the corona. (~๋ผ๊ณ ์๊ฐ๋๋ค)
5. Scientists want to know why this magnetic
barrier is not full-proof. (์ด ์๊ธฐ์ฅ๋ฐฉ๋ฒฝ์ด์์ ํ๋ง์๋ด์ง๋ชปํ๋์ด์ )
| ์ ๋ต |
1. โ
2. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: ๋ค์๋ฐ๋ฅดํ์ธ๊ณผํ๋์ธ์MC1R ๋ฐฐ์ด์ด๋ค๋ฅด์ง
๋ง, ๋ฉ๋ผ๋์์ฑ์๋ฏธ์น๋ ํฅ์๊ฐ๋ค.
๊ฒฐ๋ก : ๋นจ๊ฐ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์ํ์ํผ๋ถ๋ฅผ๊ฐ์ง๋ค์๋ฐ๋ฅดํ์ธ๋ค
์ด์กด์ฌํ์๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
3. โก
4. โก
| ํด์ค |
1. Since the actual hair and skin of Neanderthalshave not been preserved๋ผ๋ ๋ด์ฉ์ผ๋ก ๋ณด์, ๋ค์๋ฐ
๋ฅดํ์ธ์์ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฝ๊ณผ ํผ๋ถ๋ ๋ณด์กด๋์ด ์์ง ์๋ค๋ ๊ฒ
์์์์๋ค, ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ฏ๋กโ Scientists have studied the
hair and skin attached to Neanderthal fossils.(๊ณผํ์
๋ค์ ๋ค์๋ฐ๋ฅดํ์ธ์ ํ์์ ๋ถ์ด ์๋ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฝ๊ณผ ํผ๋ถ
๋ฅผ์ฐ๊ตฌํด์๋ค.)๊ฐ ์ณ์ง์๋ค.
์ด ์๋ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ๋ค์ ์ค์ณ์ง์์๊ฒ์?
โก MC1R ์ ์ ์ ๋ฐฐ์ด์ด ์ธ๊ฐ์๊ฒ ์์ด ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฝ๊ณผ ํผ๋ถ
์์๊ฒฐ์ ํ๋๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
WRITING โข ํ๋ ์ธ๊ฐ์ MC1R ๋ฐฐ์ด์ ๋ค์๋ฐ๋ฅดํ์ธ์ ๊ทธ๊ฒ๊ณผ ๋ค
๋ฅด๋ค.
โฃ ์ธ๊ฐ์๊ฒ ์์ด ์ธํฌ๋ก ํ์ฌ๊ธ ๋ฉ๋ผ๋์ ์์ฑํ๋๋ก ์ง
์ํ๋๊ฒ์MC1R ์ ์ ์์ด๋ค.
โค ๋ค์๋ฐ๋ฅดํ์ธ์๋ฐ๊ฒฌ๋ํ์์ด์ ๋ณด์์ ์ผํ์๋ฃ ๋ค.
2. ์คํ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋ค์๋ฐ๋ฅดํ์ธ์ MC1R ์ ์ ์๋ ํ๋ ์ธ๊ฐ์
MC1R ์ ์ ์์๋๊ทธ๋ฐฐ์ด์ด๋ค๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋ํ์ง๋ง, ๋นจ๊ฐ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ
์นด๋ฝ๊ณผ ํ์ ํผ๋ถ์ ๊ฒฐ์ ์์ธ์ธ ๋ฉ๋ผ๋ ์์ฑ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋
ํฅ์ ํ๋ ์ธ๊ฐ์ ๊ทธ๊ฒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋์ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ๋นจ๊ฐ ๋จธ
๋ฆฌ์ ํ์ ํผ๋ถ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง ๋ค์๋ฐ๋ฅดํ์ธ๋ค์ด ์กด์ฌํ์ ๊ฒ์ด
๋ผ๋๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
3. identical์ใ์์ฃผ ๋์ผํ, ์ผ์นํ๋ใ์ด๋ผ๋ ๋ป์ด๋ฏ๋ก ๊ฐ
์์๋ฏธ์๋จ์ด๋โก alike์ด๋ค.
โ ์๋ณํ ์์๋ โข๋ค๋ฅธ
โฃ๋ถ๋ฆฌ๋ โค๊ตฌ๋ณ๋๋
4. ์ฃผ์ด์ง ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ The researchers๋ก ๋ณด์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ง์ ๋ํ
์ค๋ช ์ด๋์จํ์๋ค์ด๊ฐ์ผํ๋ค๋๊ฒ์์์์๋ค. ๋ํ
DNA samples๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ํ ํ, MC1R ์ ์ ์ ๋ฐฐ์ด์ ์ ํ
ํ๊ฒ ์กฐ์ฌํ๊ฒ ๋๋ ์์๊ฐ ์ ์ ํ๋ฏ๋ก, ์ฃผ์ด์ง ๋ฌธ์ฅ์
(B)์ ๋ค์ด๊ฐ์ผํ๋ค.
| ๋ณธ๋ฌธ |
Have you ever seen a picture of a Neanderthalcaveman with red hair and pale skin? Probablynot. But a European research team has foundthat hypothetically speaking some Neanderthalswho inhabited Europe and Central Asiaapproximately 230,000 to 30,000 years agocould have had such hair color as well as lightskin. Since the actual hair and skin ofNeanderthals have not been preserved, all theknowledge we have of Neanderthals comesfrom examining fossils such as skull bones.
Carles Lalueza, a professor of the University ofBarcelona, and some assistant researchersstudied DNA samples from Neanderthal fossils.The researchers analyzed DNA samples fromtwo Neanderthal specimens from Spain andItaly. They looked specifically at the sequence ofthe MC1R gene. In modern humans of Europeanstock, this gene is responsible for pale skin andred hair since this DNA sequence directs cells to
Passage02
6 Aim High Reading | Level 3-A
produce the pigment melanin which is theprimary determiner of hair and skin color inhumans.
The research, however, revealed that this geneand the one in modern humans are not identical.Wanting to find out how this Neanderthal geneaffected melanin production, they conductedfurther tests. They inserted the Neanderthalgene into cells that were growing in a test tube.The results showed that even though theNeanderthal MC1R gene and the modern humanMC1R gene were different, they had the sameeffect on the production of melanin.Consequently, the researchers conclude that itis possible that there were red-haired and fair-skinned Neanderthals.
| ํด์ |
๋นจ๊ฐ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์ ํ์ ํผ๋ถ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง ๋ค์๋ฐ๋ฅดํ ๋๊ตด์ธ์ ์ฌ์ง์
๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์๋๊ฐ? ์๋ง๋ ์์ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ์ ๋ฝ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌํ
์ ๊ฐ์ ํ์ฌ ๋งํ๋ฉด ๋๋ต 23๋ง ๋ ์ ๋ถํฐ 3๋ง ๋ ์ ๊น์ง ์
๋ฝ๊ณผ ์ค์์์์์ ์ด์๋ ์ด๋ค ๋ค์๋ฐ๋ฅดํ์ธ๋ค์ ํฌ๋ช ํ ํผ
๋ถ๋ฟ๋ง ์๋๋ผ ๊ทธ๋ฐ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์์ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์์์ ์๋ ์๋ค๋ ๊ฒ
์ ์์๋๋ค. ๋ค์๋ฐ๋ฅดํ์ธ์ ์ค์ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์ ํผ๋ถ๊ฐ ๋ณด์กด๋์ด
์์ง ์๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์, ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ๋ค์๋ฐ๋ฅดํ์ธ์ ๋ํด ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์๋
๋ชจ๋ ์ง์์๋๊ฐ๊ณจ๋ผ์๊ฐ์ํ์์์กฐ์ฌํ๊ฒ์์๋์จ๋ค.
๋ฐ๋ฅด์ ๋ก๋ ๋ํ์ ๊ต์์ธ Carles Lalueza์ ๋ช๋ช ์กฐ๊ต ์ฐ
๊ตฌ์๋ค์ ๋ค์๋ฐ๋ฅดํ์ธ์ ํ์์์ ๋์จ DNA ์ํ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ
ํ๋ค. ๊ทธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ง์ ์คํ์ธ๊ณผ ์ดํ๋ฆฌ์์์ ๋์จ ๋ ๊ฐ์ ๋ค
์๋ฐ๋ฅดํ์ธ ํ๋ณธ์์ DNA ์ํ์ ๋ถ์ํ๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ค์ MC1R
์ ์ ์ ๋ฐฐ์ด์ ์ ํํ๊ฒ ์กฐ์ฌํ๋ค. ์ ๋ฝ ํํต์ ํ๋ ์ธ๋ฅ์
์, ์ด ์ ์ ์๋ ํ์ ํผ๋ถ์ ๋นจ๊ฐ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์ ์์ธ์ธ๋ฐ, ์๋ํ
๋ฉด ์ด DNA ๋ฐฐ์ด์ด์ธํฌ๋กํ์ฌ๊ธ์ธ๊ฐ์๋จธ๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฝ๊ณผํผ๋ถ์
์ ์ฃผ์ ๊ฒฐ์ ์ธ์์ธ ๋ฉ๋ผ๋ ์์๋ฅผ ์์ฑํ๋ผ๊ณ ์ง์ํ๊ธฐ ๋
๋ฌธ์ด๋ค.
๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ๊ทธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ์ด ์ ์ ์์ ํ๋ ์ธ๋ฅ์ ๊ทธ๊ฒ์ด ๋์ผํ์ง
์๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ฐํ๋๋ค. ๋ค์๋ฐ๋ฅดํ์ธ์ ์ด ์ ์ ์๊ฐ ๋ฉ๋ผ๋
์์ฑ์ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋์ง ๋ฐ๊ฒฌํ๊ณ ์, ๊ทธ๋ค์ ์คํ์
๋ ํ๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ค์ ๋ค์๋ฐ๋ฅดํ์ธ์ ์ ์ ์๋ฅผ ์คํ์ฉ ํ๋ธ์์
์๋ผ๋๊ณ ์๋ ์ธํฌ์ ์ฃผ์ ํ๋ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ ๋ค์๋ฐ๋ฅดํ์ธ์
MC1R ์ ์ ์์ ํ๋ ์ธ๊ฐ์ MC1R ์ ์ ์๊ฐ ๋ค๋ฅธ๋ฐ๋ ๋ถ
๊ตฌํ๊ณ , ๋ฉ๋ผ๋ ์์ฑ์ ๋ํด์๋ ๊ฐ์ ํจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์๋ค๋
๊ฒ์ ๋ณด์ฌ ์ฃผ์๋ค. ๋ฐ๋ผ์ ๊ทธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ง์ ๋นจ๊ฐ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฝ์ ํ
์ ํผ๋ถ์ ๋ค์๋ฐ๋ฅดํ์ธ๋ค์ด ์กด์ฌํ์ ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ์ด ์๋ค๊ณ ๊ฒฐ๋ก
๋ด๋ ธ๋ค.
| ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ |
Have you ever seen a picture of a Neanderthal
caveman with red hair and pale skin?
ํ์ฌ์๋ฃ <have+p.p.>๋ ever์ ํจ๊ป์ฐ์ฌ๊ฒฝํ์๋ํ
๋ธ๋ค.
Wanting to find out how this Neanderthal gene
affected melanin production, they conducted
further tests.
Wanting ~ production๊น์ง๋๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ด๋ค. find out์
๋ชฉ์ ์ด๋ก how ์๋ฌธ๋ช ์ฌ์ ์ด์๋ค.
Quiz
1. She is not a musician but writes novels.
โ She is not a musician but a novelist.
2. I would like both free time and to be given extra
money.
โ I would like both free time and extra money.
3. We found the hotel very convenient and was not
too expensive.
โ We found the hotel very convenient and not
too expensive.
Some Neanderthals who inhabited Europe and
Central Asia approximately 230,000 to 30,000
years ago could have had such hair color as well
as light skin.
Some Neanderthals๋ ์ด๋ค์ฌ๋๋ค์ธ๊ฐ?
โ who inhabited Europe and ~ 30,000 years
ago
<๋ฌธ์ฅ์๊ตฌ์กฐ>
์ฃผ์ด โ Some Neanderthals who inhabited
Europe and ~ 30,000 years ago๋์ฌ โ could have had ๋ชฉ์ ์ดโ such hair color as well as light skin
STRUCTURE
GRAMMAR
Answer Keys 7
1. But a European research team has found that
hypothetically speaking some Neanderthals
could have had such hair color as well as light
skin. (๊ทธ๋ฐ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์์๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์์์์๋์๋ค)
2. All the knowledge we have of Neanderthals
comes from examining fossils such as skull
bones. (ํ์์์กฐ์ฌํ๊ฒ์์๋์จ๋ค)
3. This DNA sequence directs cells to produce the
pigment melanin which is the primary
determiner of hair and skin color in humans. (์ธํฌ๋กํ์ฌ๊ธ~์์์ฑํ๋ผ๊ณ ์ง์ํ๋ค)
4. The research, however, revealed that this gene
and the one in modern humans are not
identical. (๋์ผํ์ง์๋ค)
5. The researchers conclude that it is possible that
there were red-haired and fair-skinned
Neanderthals. (๋นจ๊ฐ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฝ์ํ์ํผ๋ถ์๋ค์๋ฐ๋ฅดํ์ธ๋ค)
| ์ ๋ต |
1. โฃ
2. ํฅ 1: ํ์๋น์๋์๋ฐ์ฌํ๋ค.
ํฅ 2: ๋ ์ค๋ซ๋์๊ตฌ๋ฆ์ธ์ํ๋ฅผ์ ์งํ๋ค.
3. ์ง๊ตฌ์จ๋ํ๋ฅผ๋ฐฉ์งํ ์์์๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋๊ธฐ๋๋๋ฌธ์
4. โค
| ํด์ค |
1. Aerosols are a natural byproduct of chemicalprocesses occurring in volcanoes, dust storms,
sea spray, grassland fires and a host of other
natural activities.๋ผ๋ ๋ฌธ์ฅ์์ โฃ Aerosols can be
created from many different Earth activities.(์์ด๋ก
์กธ์ ๋ง์ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ง๊ตฌ ํ๋๋ค์์ ์๊ฒจ๋ ์ ์๋ค.)์ ๋ด์ฉ
์ํ์ธํ ์์๋ค.
์ฃผ์ด์ง ์์ํ๋ฉด, ๋ค์ ์ค์ฌ์ค์ธ๊ฒ์?
WRITING โ ์์ด๋ก์กธ์์์ฐ์์์๋น์ทํ์ธ๊ฐํ๋์์ด๋ํ๋ค.
โก ์์ด๋ก์กธ์์ง๊ตฌ์จ๋ํ์์ฃผ์์์ธ์คํ๋์ด๋ค.
โข ์์ด๋ก์กธ์ํด๋ก์ดํ์๋น๋๋ถ๋ถ์์ฐ์ฃผ๋ก๋ค์๋ฐ์ฌํ๋ค.
โค ์์ด๋ก์กธ์ ์ํํ ์์ค๊น์ง ์ง๊ตฌ์ ์จ๋๋ฅผ ๋ฎ์ถ ์
์๋ค.
2. ์์ด๋ก์กธ์๊ตฌ๋ฆ์์จ์์ด๋ ์์๊ณ , ๋ ๊ฐ์ง ํฅ์๋ฏธ
์น ์ ์๋ค. ๊ทธ ํฅ์ This has two consequences
โ clouds with smaller drops reflect more sunlight,
and such clouds last longer๋ผ๋ ๋ฌธ์ฅ์์ ์ ์ ์
๋ค. ์ฆ, ๋น์ ๋ ์ ๋ฐ์ฌํ๊ณ ๋ ์ค๋ซ๋์ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ์ธ ์ํ๋ฅผ
์ ์งํ๊ฒํ๋๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
3. ๊ณผํ์๋ค์ด aerosols์ ๊ด์ฌ์ ๊ฐ๋ ์ด์ ๋ Scientists
are wondering if the cooling effect of aerosols will
counteract the greenhouse effect which has been
warming the Earthโs surface for the last few
decades.์์ ์ ์ ์๋ค. ์ฆ, ์ง๊ตฌ ์จ๋ํ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์งํ ์
์์์ง๋๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋ค๋๊ธฐ๋๋๋ฌธ์ด๋ค.
4. ์ฃผ์ด์ง ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ Both the effects๋ ๋ง์ง๋ง ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ This
has two consequences์ ๋ด์ฉ์ด๋ค. ์ฆ ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ด ๋
๋๋ (E)์ ๋ค์ด๊ฐ๋๊ฒ์ด๊ฐ์ฅ์ ์ ํ๋ค.
| ๋ณธ๋ฌธ |
Aerosols, which are minute particles in the air,are produced naturally and by human actions.Aerosols are a natural byproduct of chemicalprocesses occurring in volcanoes, dust storms,sea spray, grassland fires and a host of othernatural activities. Numerous human actionswhich can be in fact copies of natural actionsthus also create aerosols.
Aerosols have the effect of cooling the Earthโssurface since they reflect light from the sun backinto space. When this occurs, less solarradiation warms the Earthโs surface. The degreeto which the Earth is cooled depends on manyvariables, such as the size and composition ofthe particles, as well as the reflective propertiesof the materials on the Earthโs surfaceimmediately below the aerosols. Scientists arewondering if the cooling effect of aerosols willcounteract the greenhouse effect which hasbeen warming the Earthโs surface for the lastfew decades.
Passage03
8 Aim High Reading | Level 3-A
Aerosols are also thought to indirectly influencethe climate of the Earth by altering thecomposition of clouds. In fact, without aerosolsin the atmosphere, there would be no clouds.Minute aerosol particles are the โseedsโ whichbegin the process of the formation of clouddroplets. As the number of aerosol particlesincreases inside a cloud, the moisture in thatcloud disperses into each aerosol particle thusreducing the concentration of water in eachparticle. This has two consequences โ cloudswith smaller drops reflect more sunlight, andsuch clouds last longer, because it takes moretime for small drops to coalesce into drops thatare large enough to fall to the ground. Both theeffects increase the amount of sunlight that isreflected into space without reaching the surface.
| ํด์ |
์์ด๋ก์กธ, ๊ทธ๊ฒ์ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ค์ ์๋ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฝ์์ธ๋ฐ, ์์ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ทธ
๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ธ๊ฐ์ ํ์๋ก ์๊ฒจ๋๋ค. ์์ด๋ก์กธ์ ํ์ฐ, ๋จผ์ง ํญํ,
๋ฐ๋ค ๋ฌผ์๊ฐ, ๋ชฉ์ด์ง์ ํ์ฌ์ ๋ง์ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์์ฐ ํ๋ ์ค์ ์ผ
์ด๋๋ ํํ ์์ฉ์ ์์ฐ์ ์ธ ๋ถ์ฐ๋ฌผ์ด๋ค. ๋ฐ๋ผ์, ์ฌ์ค์ ์
์ฐ ํ๋์ ๋ชจ๋ฐฉ์ด๋ผ ํ ์ ์๋ ์๋ง์ ์ธ๊ฐ ํ๋ ๋ํ ์ด
์์ด๋ก์กธ์๋ง๋ค์ด๋ด๊ฒ๋๋๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
์์ด๋ก์กธ์ ํ์์ผ๋ก๋ถํฐ ์ค๋ ๋น์ ์ฐ์ฃผ๋ก ๋ค์ ๋ฐ์ฌํ๊ธฐ
๋๋ฌธ์ ์ง๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋๊ฐ์ํค๋ ํจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ง๋๊ณ ์๋ค. ์ด๋ฐ ์ผ์ด
์ผ์ด๋๋ฉด, ๋ ์ ์ ํ์ ์๋์ง๊ฐ ์ง๊ตฌ์ ํ๋ฉด์ ๋ฅํ๋ค. ์ง
๊ตฌ๊ฐ ์์ํด์ง ์ ์๋ ์จ๋๋ ์์ด๋ก์กธ ๋ฐ๋ก ์๋ ์ง๊ตฌ ํ
๋ฉด์ ์๋ ๋ฌผ์ง์ด ์ง๋ ๋ฐ์ฌ์ ์ฑ์ง๋ฟ๋ง ์๋๋ผ, ์์ด๋ก์กธ
๋ถ์์ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ ๊ตฌ์ฑ ๊ฐ์ ์ฌ๋ฌ ๊ฐ์ง ๋ณ์์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๋ค๋ฅด๋ค. ๊ณผ
ํ์๋ค์ ์์ด๋ก์กธ์ ๋๊ฐํจ๊ณผ๊ฐ ์ง๋ ๋ช ์ญ ๋ ๋์ ์ง๊ตฌ
ํ๋ฉด์ ๋ฅํ ์ค๊ณ ์๋ ์จ์คํจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์์ ์ฃผ์ง ์์๊น ์๊ฐํ
๊ณ ์๋ค.
์์ด๋ก์กธ์ ๋ํ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ์ ์ฑ๋ถ์ ๋ฐ๊ฟ์ผ๋ก์จ, ์ง๊ตฌ์ ๊ธฐํ์
๊ฐ์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ค๊ณ ์ฌ๊ฒจ์ง๋ค. ์ฌ์ค, ๋๊ธฐ ์ค์ ์์ด
๋ก์กธ์ด ์๋ค๋ฉด, ๊ตฌ๋ฆ๋ ์์ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. ๋ฏธ์ธํ ์์ด๋ก์กธ ๋ถ์๊ฐ
๊ตฌ๋ฆ๋ฐฉ์ธํ์ฑ๊ณผ์ ์์์ํ๋โ์จ์โ์ธ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. ๊ตฌ๋ฆ ์์
์์ด๋ก์กธ ๋ถ์์ ์๊ฐ ์ฆ๊ฐํจ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ, ๊ทธ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ ์์ ์๋ ์
๋ถ์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ ์์ด๋ก์กธ ๋ถ์๋ก ํฉ์ด์ง๊ณ ๋ฐ๋ผ์ ๊ฐ ๋ถ์ ์์
์๋ ์๋ถ์ ๋๋๋ฅผ ์ค์ด๋ค๊ฒ ํ๋ค. ์ด๊ฒ์ ๋ ๊ฐ์ง ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ
๋ณ๋๋ค โ ๋ ์ ์ ๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์ธ๋ค์ ๊ฐ์ง ๊ตฌ๋ฆ์ ๋ ๋ง์ ํ์๋น
์ ๋ฐ์ฌํ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ฌํ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ๋ค์ ๋ ์ค๋ซ๋์ ์ง์๋๋๋ฐ, ์๋
ํ๋ฉด ์ ์ ๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์ธ๋ค์ด ๋ ์ผ๋ก ๋จ์ด์ง ๋งํผ ์ถฉ๋ถํ ๋ง์ ๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ
์ธ๋ก ์์ง๋๋ ๋ฐ์๋ ๋ ๋ง์ ์๊ฐ์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ด๋ค. ๋
๊ฐ์ง ํจ๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋ ์ง๊ตฌ ํ๋ฉด์ ๋๋ฌํ์ง ์๊ณ ์ฐ์ฃผ๋ก ๋ฐ์ฌ๋๋
ํ์๋น์์์์ฆ๊ฐ์ํจ๋ค.
| ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ |
Aerosols, which are minute particles in the air,
are produced naturally and by human actions.
์ฝค๋ง๋ค์ which๋ Aerosols๋ฅผ ์ ํ์ฌ๋กํ๋๊ด๊ณ๋๋ช
์ฌ๊ณ์์ ์ฉ๋ฒ์ด๋ฉฐ, Aerosols๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ฐ์ค๋ช ํ๊ณ ์๋ค.
the greenhouse effect which has been warming
the Earthโs surface for the last few decades
which๋ ์ฃผ๊ฒฉ๊ด๊ณ๋๋ช ์ฌ๋ก, the greenhouse effect๋ฅผ
์ ํ์ฌ๋กํ๊ณ ์๋ค. has been warming์ ์์ ๋ถํฐ์ง
๊ธ๊น์ง๊ณ์์ ์ผ๋ก์งํ์ค์ด๋ผ๋๊ฒ์ํํํ๋ํ์ฌ์
๋ฃ์งํํ์ด๋ค.
it takes more time for small drops to coalesce
into drops
<it takes+์๊ฐ+(for+์ฃผ์ฒด)+to๋ถ์ ์ฌ>๋โfor ์ดํ๊ฐ to
๋ถ์ ์ฌํ๋๋ฐ์ผ๋ง์์๊ฐ์ด๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋คโ๋ผ๋๊ฒ์ํํํ๋ค.
Quiz
1. ์ค๋ ฅ์ด์๋ค๋ฉด, ์ฌ๊ณผ๋๋ ์๋จ์ด์ง์ง์์๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
โ Without gravity, an apple would not fall to
the ground.
2. ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์ ์ด์๋์๋ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ ํ์ต๊ฒฝํ์ด์ ์ฉํ ์์์๊น?
โ Would the learning experience be available
but for the technology?
The degree to which the Earth is cooled depends
on many variables, such as the size and
composition of the participles, as well as the
reflective properties of the materials on the
Earthโs surface immediately below the aerosols.
The degree๋ ์ด๋ค์จ๋๋ฅผ๋งํ๋๊ฐ?
โ to which the Earth is cooled
โ ํด์: ์ง๊ตฌ๊ฐ์์ํด์ง์์๋์จ๋
many variables๋ ์ด๋ค๋ณ์๋ค์๋งํ๋์ง๋๊ฐ์ง
์ฐ์์ค.
โ the size and composition of the participles
โ the reflective properties ~ below the aerosols
STRUCTURE
GRAMMAR
Answer Keys 9
<๋ฌธ์ฅ์๊ตฌ์กฐ>
์ฃผ์ด โ The degree to which the Earth is cooled ๋์ฌ โ depends on ๋ชฉ์ ์ด โ many variables (๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ) โ such as the size and composition of
the participles (๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ) โ as well as the reflective properties of
the materials(๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ) โ on the Earthโs surface(๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ) โ immediately below the aerosols
1. Aerosols have the effect of cooling the Earthโs
surface. (~ํ๋ํจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ์ง๋๊ณ ์๋ค)
2. The degree depends on many variables, such
as the size and composition of the particles, as
well as the reflective properties. (์ฌ๋ฌ ๊ฐ์ง๋ณ์์๋ฐ๋ผ๋ค๋ฅด๋ค)
3. The cooling effect of aerosols will counteract
the greenhouse effect which has been warming
the Earthโs surface for the last few decades. (~์ ๋ฅํ์ค๊ณ ์๋)
4. In fact, without aerosols in the atmosphere,
there would be no clouds. (๊ตฌ๋ฆ๋์์๊ฒ์ด๋ค)
5. It takes more time for small drops to coalesce
into drops that are large enough to fall to the
ground. ((~๊ฐ ...ํ๋ ๋ฐ์) ๋ ๋ง์์๊ฐ์ด๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋ค)
WRITING
| ์ ๋ต |
1. โค
2. the flight operation system that they had been
working with
3. ์ด ์์คํ ์๋ฌธ์ ์ ๋ฐ๊ฒฌ์ผ๋ก์ธํ์๋ก์ด์ด ์์ค
ํ ์ผ๋ก๊ต์ฒด / ๋ก์ผ์์ง์๋ฌธ์ ๋ฐ๊ฒฌ์ผ๋ก์ธํด์์ง์
๋ฆฌ๋๋๊ต์ฒด
4. three times
| ํด์ |
1. ๋๋ฒ์งธ๋จ๋ฝ์๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋ฐ์ฌ ํ์์๋ก์ด์ด ์์คํ ์๋
ํด ์๋ฌํด์ผ ํ๊ณ , ๊ฒ๋ค๊ฐ ๋ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ ๊ฐ ์๊ฒจ์ ์๋ก์ด
๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๊ต์ฒดํด์ผ ํ๋ค. ์ฌ๊ธฐ์ โค It took several
months for the team to learn about the new
operation system.(๋ฐ์ฌ ํ์ด ์๋ก์ด ์ด ์์คํ ์ ๋
ํด๋ฐฐ์ฐ๋๋ฐ์๊ฐ์์ด๊ฑธ๋ ธ๋ค.)์ ๋ด์ฉ์์์์๋ค.
๋ค์์ค๋ด์ฉ์ด์ผ์นํ๋๊ฒ์?
โ ํ ๋ผ ํ๋ก์ ํธ ๋งค๋์ ๋ ์์ฑ์ ๋ฐ์ฌํด ๋ณธ ๊ฒฝํ์ด ๊ทธ
๋ฆฌ๋ง์ง์์๋ค.
โก ํ ๋ผ์์ฑ์๋ฐ์ฌ๋์์ฅ์ฐฉํ๋๋ฐ 48์๊ฐ์ด๊ฑธ๋ ธ๋ค.
โข ๋ฐ์ฌ ํ์ ๊ฑฐ์ 1๋ ๋์ ์ด์ ์ ์ด ์์คํ ์ ์๋ฆฌ
ํด์ผํ๋ค.
โฃ ์ฒซ ๋ฒ์งธ ๋ฐ์ฌ ์๋๋ ๋ก์ผ ์์ง ์ค ํ๋ ๋๋ฌธ์ ์คํจ
ํ๋ค.
2. ๋ฐ์ค ์น it์ด ๊ฐ๋ฆฌํค๋ ๋ง์ ๋ฐ๋ก ์์ ๋์ ์๋ the
flight operation system that they had been
working with์ด๋ค.
3. Terra ๋ฐ์ฌ๊ฐ์ง์ฐ๋์ฒซ๋ฒ์งธ์ด์ ๋๋นํ์ด ์์คํ ์
๋ฌธ์ ์ ์ด์๊ณ , ๋ ๋ฒ์งธ์ฅ์ ๋ฌผ์๋ก์ผ์์ง์๋ฌธ์ ๋ค.
4. ์ฒซ ๋ฒ์งธ์ ๋ ๋ฒ์งธ์ ์ฅ์ ๋ ์ง์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋๋ฌ๋ ์์ผ๋ฉฐ,
์ธ ๋ฒ์งธ์ง์ฐ์๋ง์ง๋ง 48์๊ฐ๋์๋์์ ํ์ค๋น๋ฅผ์
ํ ๊ฒ์ด์์ผ๋ฏ๋ก, ์ธ ๋ฒ ์ฐ๊ธฐ๋์๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ์ ์ ์๋ค.
ํ ๋ผ๋ฐ์ฌ๋๋ช๋ฒ์ฐ๊ธฐ๋์๋๊ฐ? ( ์ด๋ก)
| ๋ณธ๋ฌธ |
Before the โignition buttonโ is pushed to launcha satellite, an enormous number of obstacleshave usually been overcome. Projects of this
Passage04
10 Aim High Reading | Level 3-A
nature normally have tons of hiccups along theway and Terra, launched on December 18, 1999,was no exception to this rule. Terra ProjectManager Kevin Grady is a positive manager whosees the glass as half full rather than half empty.And he needed to overcome the obstacles in theprojectโs way.
The first obstacle was that Gradyโs veteranlaunch team had to master a new fl ightoperation system that had never before beenused by NASA. Six months before the initiallaunch date in December 1998, mission managersrealized that the flight operation system that theyhad been working with had too many problemsand they decided to abandon it and adopt a newone. Consequently, the launch date was delayedfor six months.
Then close to the launch date a companysupplying rockets that would be used to launchTerra into space discovered that the rocketโsengine had a serious problem which couldcause a launch failure. Since they had to fix orreplace it with a new one, a new launch datehad to be set, again!
As the new date of December 16 approached,Grady kept his team thinking positively, tellingthem โSpacecraft operations and activationprovide opportunities for us to excel.โ On the16th, Grady thought his team was โwellpreparedโ and there would be no further delays.Even though Grady and his team were wellprepared, Terra stood ready on the launch padanother 48 hours before lift off.
| ํด์ |
์์ฑ์๋ฐ์ฌํ๊ธฐ์ํดโ์ ํ๋ฒํผโ์๋๋ฅด๊ธฐ์ ์, ๋ณดํต ์๋ง
์ ์ฅ์ ๋ค์ด ๊ทน๋ณต๋๊ธฐ ๋ง๋ จ์ด๋ค. ์ผ๋ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ด๋ฐ ์ฑ์ง์ ํ
๋ก์ ํธ๊ฐ ์งํ๋๋ ๊ณผ์ ์ ๋ง์ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ค์ด ์๊ธฐ ๋ง๋ จ์ด๊ณ ,
1999๋ 12์ 18์ผ์ ๋ฐ์ฌ๋ ํ ๋ผ๋ ์์ธ๊ฐ ์๋์๋ค. ํ ๋ผ
ํ๋ก์ ํธ ๋งค๋์ Kevin Grady๋ ์ ๋ฆฌ์์ด ์ ๋ฐ ๋น์๋ค๊ธฐ๋ณด
๋ค๋์ ๋ฐ์ฑ์์ ธ์๋ค๊ณ ๋ณด๋๊ธ์ ์ ์ธ์ฌ๋์ด๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๊ทธ
๋๊ทธํ๋ก์ ํธ๊ฐ์งํ๋๋๋์๋ฌธ์ ์ ์๊ทน๋ณตํด๋ด์ผํ๋ค.
์ฒซ ๋ฒ์งธ ์ฅ์ ๋ฌผ์ Grady์ ์๋ จ๋ ๋ฐ์ฌํ์ด NASA์ ์ํด
์ ํ ์ฌ์ฉ๋์ด ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์๋ ์๋ก์ด ๋นํ ์ด ์์คํ ์ ์
๋ฌํด์ผ๋ง ํ๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. 1998๋ 12์ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋ฐ์ฌ ๋ ์ง 6๊ฐ
์ ์ ์, ๋ฏธ์ ๋งค๋์ ๋ค์ ๊ทธ๋ค์ด ์ผํด์ค๊ณ ์๋ ๊ทธ ๋นํ ์ด
์์คํ ์ ๋๋ฌด ๋ง์ ๋ฌธ์ ๊ฐ ์๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ์๊ฒ ๋์๊ณ , ๊ทธ
๋์ ๊ทธ๊ฒ์ ํฌ๊ธฐํ๊ณ ์๋ก์ด ๊ฒ์ ์ฑํํ๊ธฐ๋ก ๊ฒฐ์ ํ๋ค. ๊ทธ
๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋ฐ์ฌ์ผ์ 6๊ฐ์๋ค๋ก๋ฏธ๋ค์ก๋ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋์ ๋ฐ์ฌ์ผ์ด ๊ฐ๊น์์ก์ ๋, ํ ๋ผ๋ฅผ ์ฐ์ฃผ์ ๋ฐ์ฌ์
ํค๋ ๋ฐ ์ฌ์ฉ๋ ๋ก์ผ์ ๊ณต๊ธํ๋ ํ์ฌ๊ฐ ๊ทธ ๋ก์ผ์ ์์ง์
๋ฐ์ฌ๋ฅผ ์คํจํ๊ฒ ํ ์ ์๋ ์ฌ๊ฐํ ๋ฌธ์ ๊ฐ ์๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ์
์๋๋ค. ๊ทธ๋์ ๊ทธ๋ค์ ๊ทธ๊ฒ์ ์๋ฆฌํ๊ฑฐ๋ ์๋ก์ด ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๊ต
์ฒดํด์ผํ๊ณ , ๋ ๋ค์์๋ก์ด๋ฐ์ฌ์ผ์์ ํด์ผํ๋ค!
์๋ก์ด ๋ ์ง์ธ 12์ 16์ผ์ด ๋ค๊ฐ์ค์, Grady๋ ๊ทธ์ ํ์ด
๊ธ์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ์๊ฐํ๊ฒ๋ ํ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ค์๊ฒโ์ฐ์ฃผ์ ๊ณํ๊ณผ ํ์ฑ
ํ๋์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ๋์ฝํ ๊ธฐํ๋ฅผ์ ๊ณตํฉ๋๋ค.โ๋ผ๊ณ ๋งํ๋ค. 16์ผ์
Grady๋ ๊ทธ์ ํ์ดโ์ ์ค๋น๋์๋คโ๊ณ ์๊ฐํด์ ๋ ์ด์์
์ง์ฐ์ ์์ ๊ฒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ์๊ฐํ๋ค. Grady์ ๊ทธ์ ํ์ด ์์ฃผ
์ ์ค๋น๋์ด ์์์์๋ ๋ถ๊ตฌํ๊ณ , ํ ๋ผ๋ ์ด๋ฅํ๊ธฐ ์ ์ 48
์๊ฐ์๋๋ฐ์ฌ๋์์๋๊ธฐํ๊ณ ์์ด์ผํ๋ค.
| ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ |
a positive manager who sees the glass as half
full rather than half empty / a new flight
operation system that had never before been
used by NASA / a serious problem which could
cause a launch failure
who, that, which๋ ๋ชจ๋์ฃผ๊ฒฉ๊ด๊ณ๋๋ช ์ฌ๋ก์๋ตํ ์
์๋ค๋์ ์์ ์ํ๋ค.
the flight operation system that they had been
working with had too many problems
that์ with์ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด the flight operation์ ์ ํ์ฌ๋ก
ํ๋ฉฐ๋ชฉ์ ๊ฒฉ๊ด๊ณ๋๋ช ์ฌ๋ก์๋ตํ ์์๋ค. ์ฆ, the flight
operation system they had been working with had
too many problems๋ก ์ฐ์ผ์์๋ค. ๋ํ ์ ์น์ฌ with
๋ฅผ ๊ด๊ณ๋๋ช ์ฌ์์ผ๋ก๋ณด๋ด๋ฉด, that ๋์ which๋ฅผ ์จ์
the flight operation system with which they had
been working had too many problems๊ฐ ๋๋ค.
Quiz
1. ๋๋ ๋ ธํธ๋ถ์ปดํจํฐ๊ฐ์๋? โ ์๋, ํ์ง๋ง์ฐ๋ฆฌ์ค๋น
๋ํ๋์์ด. ๊ทธ๋ ๊ทธ๊ฒ์์ด์ ์๊ฑฐ๋ .
โ Do you have a notebook computer? โ No,
GRAMMAR
Answer Keys 11
but my brother has one. He bought it
yesterday.
2. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์๋๋์ผ๋ณธ์์๋๋ณด๋ค๋ํฌ๋ค.
โ The capital of the U.S.A. is larger than that of
Japan.
The flight operation system that they had been
working with had too many problems.
The flight operation system์ ์ด๋ค์ด ์์คํ ์
๋งํ๋๊ฐ?
โ that they had been working with
โ ํด์: ๊ทธ๋ค์ด์ผํด์ค๊ณ ์๋๋นํ์ด ์์คํ
<๋ฌธ์ฅ์๊ตฌ์กฐ>
์ฃผ์ด โ The flight operation system that they
had been working with๋์ฌ โ had๋ชฉ์ ์ดโ too many problems
1. Terra, launched on December 18, 1999, was no
exception to this rule. (์ด ๊ท์น์์์ธ๊ฐ์๋์๋ค)
2. Terra Project Manager Kevin Grady is a positive
manager who sees the glass as half full rather
than half empty. (์ ๋ฐ ๋น์๋ค๊ธฐ๋ณด๋ค๋)
3. The first obstacle was that Gradyโs veteran
launch team had to master a new flight
operation system that had never before been
used by NASA. (์ ํ ์ฌ์ฉ๋์ด๋ณธ์ ์ด์์๋ค)
4. A company supplying rockets that would be
used to launch Terra into space discovered that
the rocketโs engine had a serious problem. (~์ ๋ฐ์ฌ์ํค๋๋ฐ์ฌ์ฉ๋ )
5. Grady thought his team was โwell preparedโ
and there would be no further delays. (๋ ์ด์์์ง์ฐ์์์๊ฒ์ด๋ค)
WRITING
STRUCTURE
| A |01. ์ฑํํ๋ค
02. ์์ง์ํค๋ค
03. ๋ถ์ถ, ํญ๋ฐ
04. ํ์
05. ๊ฐ์ค์์ธ์ฐ๋ค
06. ~์์ด๋ค, ~์ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ๋ค
07. ~์๋ฐฉํดํ๋ค, ๊ฐ์ญํ๋ค
08. ๋ฏธ์ธํ, ์ฌ์ํ
09. ์ฅ์ (๋ฌผ)
10. ๋ณด์กดํ๋ค
11. ์์ฑ
12. ๋ฐฐ์ด, ์์
| B |01. minute differences
02. eruption of a volcano
03. preserved food
04. inhabit a forest
05. obstacles to success
06. interfere with cultural development
| C |01. fossil
02. coalesce
03. adopt
04. hypothesize
05. satellite
06. sequence
| D |01. โ
02. โก
03. โข
04. โข
05. โ
06. โก
07. โก
08. โข
09. โข
10. โ
Review
12 Aim High Reading | Level 3-A
Chapter 02
Vocabulary Pre-check
abruptly ๊ฐ์์ค๋ฝ๊ฒ
adhere to ~์์ง์ฐฉํ๋ค, ๊ณ ์ํ๋ค
alter ๋ณ๊ฒฝํ๋ค, ๋ฐ๊พธ๋ค
aqueduct ์๋ก, ๋์๊ด
artificial ์ธ๊ณต์
association ํํ, ๋จ์ฒด
astronomer ์ฒ๋ฌธํ์
attain ํ๋ํ๋ค, ์ป๋ค
be concerned about ~์๊ด์ฌ์ด์๋ค
be familiar with ~์์์๊ณ ์๋ค
be released from ~์๋ฒ์ด๋๋ค
canal ์ดํ
civil engineer ํ ๋ชฉ๊ธฐ์ฌ
colossal ๊ฑฐ๋ํ, ๊ต์ฅํ
consumption ์๋น
contrary to ~์๋๋ฌ๋ฆฌ
critical ๊ผญํ์ํ
curl ๊ฐ๋ค, ๋นํ๋ค
curve ๊ตฌ๋ถ๋ฆฌ๋ค
despicable ์ผ๋นํ, ๋น์ดํ
devotee ์ด์ฑ๊ฐ
discard ๋ฒ๋ฆฌ๋ค
distribution ๋ณด๊ธ, ๋ฐฐ๋ถ
diversity ๋ค์์ฑ, ๋ณํ
dose (์ฝ์) 1ํ๋ถ
ensure ํ์คํ๊ฒํ๋ค
eruption ๋ถ์ถ
feasible ํธ๋ฆฌํ, ์ฉ์ดํ
feat ๋ฌ๊ธฐ, ์ฌ์ฃผ, ๊ณก์
feed ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ๋จน์ด๋ค
flap (๋ ๊ฐ๋ฅผ) ํ๋ญ์ด๋ค
flatten ํํํ๊ฒํ๋ค
flexible ์ ์ฐํ, ๊ตฌ๋ถ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ฌ์ด
fountain ์
genetically ์ ์ ํ์ ์ผ๋ก
gradient ๊ฒฝ์ฌ๋, ๊ธฐ์ธ๊ธฐ
gymnastics ์ฒด์ก
hygiene ์์์ํ, ์ฒญ๊ฒฐํจ
immense ๋ง๋ํ
impose ๋ถ๊ณผํ๋ค
imprison ๊ตฌ์ํ๋ค, ๊ฐ๊ธํ๋ค
incredible ๋ฏฟ์์์๋, ์์ฒญ๋
ingredient ์ฑ๋ถ, ์ฌ๋ฃ
intricate ๋ณต์กํ, ๋ค์ฝํ
mass produce ๋๋์์ฐํ๋ค
mimic ํ๋ด๋ด๋ค, ๋ชจ๋ฐฉํ๋ค
molecule ๋ถ์
no longer ๋์ด์~๊ฐ์๋๋ค
nourishment ์์๋ฌผ, ์
pass on to ~์๊ฒ๋ฌผ๋ ค์ฃผ๋ค
pill ์์ฝ
predict ์์ธกํ๋ค
preservation ๋ณดํธ, ๋ณด์กด
protein ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง
purity ์์, ์ฒญ๊ฒฐ
reform ๊ฐํ
reincarnation ํ์
release ํด๋ฐฉ
reliable ํ์คํ, ๋ฏฟ์ ์์๋
removal ์ ๊ฑฐ
resident ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์
reveal ๋๋ฌ๋ด๋ค
rigid ์๊ฒฉํ
sect ํํ
sewage ํ์์ค๋ฌผ
sophisticated ๋ณต์กํ
subject ๊ณผ๋ชฉ, ์ฃผ์
suck ๋นจ๋ค, ๋นจ์ ๋จน๋ค
tablet ์ ์
territory ํ
tyrant ํญ๊ตฐ
uncertainty ๋ถํ์ค์ฑ
Answer Keys 13
| ์ ๋ต |
1. โฃ
2. ๋ ๋ฉด์๋ ๊ฐ๋ฅผ๊ตฌ๋ถ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋๋นํ๋ฉด์๋์์์ด๋ฐฉํฅ์
๋ฐ๊พผ๋ค.
3. โค
4. โฃ
| ํด์ค |
1. The intricate nature of the batsโflight patterns
shocked scientists at first because they were so
much different than the flight patterns of birds
which scientists thought would be similar to bats.
์์ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ฐ์ฅ์ ๋นํ ํจํด๊ณผ ์๋ค์ ๋นํ ํจํด์ด ๋ง์ด
๋ค๋ฅด๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ์ ์ ์๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ฏ๋ก โฃ Batsโflight
patterns are very similar to those of many
birds.(๋ฐ์ฅ์ ๋นํํจํด์๋ง์์๋ค์๊ทธ๊ฒ๊ณผ๋งค์ฐ๋น์ท
ํ๋ค.)๊ฐ ํ๋ฆฌ๋ค. ์ ๋ด์ฉ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๋ค์ ์ค ์ฌ์ค์ด ์๋
๊ฒ์?
โ ์ด๋ค๋ฐ์ฅ๋ค์์ฌ๋ฌผ์๋ณด๊ธฐ์ํด์๋์์์กดํ๋ค.
โก ์ด๋ค๋ฐ์ฅ๋ค์๋ ์๋ค๋๊ธฐ์ํด์ํ์์์กดํ๋ค.
โข ์ด๋ค ๋ฐ์ฅ๋ค์ ์ผ์ฑ๋ฅผ ๋จน๋ ๋ฐ๋ฉด, ๋ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒ๋ค์ ๋๋ฌผ์
ํผ๋ฅผ๋จน๋๋ค.
โค ๊ณผํ์๋ค์ ๋ฐ์ฅ์ฒ๋ผ ๋ ์ ์๋ ์ฅ์น๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ค๋ ค๊ณ ๋ ธ
๋ ฅํ๊ณ ์๋ค.
2. Rather the wings of bats curve, curl, and changedirection constantly as they fly.์์ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ฐ์ฅ ๋นํ
์ ํน์ง์ ๋ ๋ฉด์ ๋ ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋ ๋นํ๊ฑฐ๋ ํ๋ฉฐ ๋์
์์ด๋ฐฉํฅ์๋ฐ๊พผ๋ค๋๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
3. ์ฃผ์ด์ง๋ฌธ์ฅ์ That is because ~๋ก ๋ณด์, ์ด๋ค ๋ด์ฉ์
๋ํ์์ธ์ด๋๋ค๋๊ฒ์์์์๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ฏ๋กํ์ฌ๋นํ
๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋ฐ์ฅ์ฒ๋ผ ๋ ์ ์๋ค๋ ๋ด์ฉ ๋ค์ธ (E)๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ฅ ์ ์
ํ๋ค.
4. ์ฌ๊ธฐ์ feats๋ใ๋ฌ๊ธฐ, ์ฌ์ฃผ, ๊ณก์ใ๋ผ๋์๋ฏธ์ด๋ค. ๊ฐ์ ๋ป
์์ดํ๋โฃ stunts์ด๋ค.
| ๋ณธ๋ฌธ |
The bat world is full of diversity. Not only dodifferent types of bats have different diets,
ranging from fruits to insects, but also somebats use sound waves to move around whileothers use eyes. Moreover, of the over 1,200species of bats in the world, only a few suckblood for nourishment. But what all bats have incommon is, other than being the only flyingmammals in existence, flexible wings that allowthem to perform flying feats. Bats changedirection very quickly, turning up, down oraround abruptly and unexpectedly.
High-speed video cameras have been used tofilm the flying motions of bats, revealing detailsabout the mechanisms of bat flight. The intricatenature of the batsโ flight patterns shockedscientists at first because they were so muchdifferent than the flight patterns of birds whichscientists thought would be similar to bats. Batsnever flatten their wings like an airplane whenthey are flying. Rather the wings of bats curve,curl, and change direction constantly as they fly.Even if airplanes flapped their wings like bats,they still wouldnโt be mimicking accurately theflight pattern of bats. That is because thecurving and curling of the wing is the key whichallows bats to fly the way they do.
Scientists will continue studying the flightpattern of bats in the hope that they can one daybe able to design airplanes and other types offlying machines that will fly like bats do. Bat-likeflying machines could be a big help fighting inwar and in emergency situations like fires,earthquakes, or volcanic eruptions, to rescuepeople from tight, collapsed spaces or performother tasks.
| ํด์ |
๋ฐ์ฅ ์ธ๊ณ๋ ๋ค์ํจ์ผ๋ก ๊ฐ๋ํ๋ค. ๋ค์ํ ์ข ๋ฅ์ ๋ฐ์ฅ๋ค์ด
๊ณผ์ผ์์ ๊ณค์ถฉ์ ์ด๋ฅด๋ ๋ค์ํ ์๋จ์ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์์ ๋ฟ๋ง ์
๋๋ผ, ์ด๋ค ๋ฐ์ฅ๋ค์ ๋์๋ค๋๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ํ๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ๋ ๋ฐ๋ฉด,
๋ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒ๋ค์ ๋์ ์ฌ์ฉํ๋ค. ๋์ฑ์ด, ์ธ์์ 1200์ข ์ด ๋๋
๋ฐ์ฅ๋ค ์ค, ์์ฃผ ์ ์ ์ข ๋ค๋ง์ด ์ ๊ณต๊ธ์ ์ํด ํผ๋ฅผ ๋นค๋ค.
๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ๋ชจ๋ ๋ฐ์ฅ๋ค์๊ฒ ๊ณตํต์ ์ธ ๊ฒ์, ์กด์ฌํ๋ ํฌ์ ๋ฅ ์ค
์์ ์ ์ผํ๊ฒ ๋ ์๋ค๋๋ ํฌ์ ๋ฅ๋ผ๋ ๊ฒ ๋ง๊ณ ๋, ๋ฐ์ฅ๋ค๋ก
Passage05
14 Aim High Reading | Level 3-A
ํ์ฌ๊ธ ๋นํ ๊ณก์๋ฅผ ํ๊ฒ๋ ํ๋ ์ ์ฐํ ๋ ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ณ ์๋ค๋
์ ์ด๋ค. ๋ฐ์ฅ๋ ๋งค์ฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋ฐฉํฅ์ ๋ฐ๊พธ๊ฑฐ๋ ํ์ ํ๋ฉด์, ๊ฐ
์์ค๋ฝ๊ณ ์๊ธฐ์น์๊ฒ์ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ๋ค๋ด๋ ค๊ฐ๋คํ๋ค.
๊ณ ์ ๋น๋์ค ์นด๋ฉ๋ผ๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํด ๋ฐ์ฅ๋ค์ด ๋ ์๋ค๋๋ ๋์์
์ฐ์ด, ๋ฐ์ฅ ๋นํ์ ๋ฉ์ปค๋์ฆ์ ๊ดํ ์์ธํ ์ฌ์ค๋ค์ ๋ฐํ๋
๋ค. ๋ํดํ ๋ฐ์ฅ์ ๋นํ ํจํด์ ๋ฐ์ฅ๋ค์ด ์๋ค๊ณผ ๋น์ทํ ๋น
ํ์ ํ ๊ฒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ์๊ฐํ๋ ๊ฒ๊ณผ ์์ฃผ ๋ง์ด ๋ฌ๋ผ์ ์ฒ์์๋
๊ณผํ์๋ค์๊ฒ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ฃผ์๋ค. ๋ฐ์ฅ๋ค์ ๋ ๋ฉด์ ๋นํ๊ธฐ์ฒ๋ผ
๊ฒฐ์ฝ ๋ ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ํํํ๊ฒ ํ์ง ์๋๋ค. ์คํ๋ ค ๋ฐ์ฅ์ ๋ ๊ฐ๋
๋ ๋ฉด์ ๊ตฌ๋ถ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋ ๋นํ๊ฑฐ๋ ํ๋ฉฐ ๋์์์ด ๋ฐฉํฅ์ ๋ฐ๊พผ๋ค.
๋นํ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋ฐ์ฅ์ฒ๋ผ ํ๋ฅ๊ฑฐ๋ฆด์ง๋ผ๋, ์ฌ์ ํ ๋นํ๊ธฐ๋ ๋ฐ์ฅ๋ค
์ ๋นํ ํจํด์ ์ ํํ๊ฒ ํ๋ด๋ด์ง ๋ชปํ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. ์๋ํ๋ฉด
๋ ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋นํธ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ๋ฐ์ฅ๋ก ํ์ฌ๊ธ ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ๋ ์
์๊ฒํ๋์ด์ ์ด๊ธฐ๋๋ฌธ์ด๋ค.
๊ณผํ์๋ค์ ์ธ์ ๊ฐ๋ ๋ฐ์ฅ๊ฐ ๋๋ ๊ฒ์ฒ๋ผ ๋ ์ ์์ ๋นํ๊ธฐ
๋ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ข ๋ฅ์ ๋นํ ์ฅ์น๋ฅผ ์ค๊ณํ ์ ์์ ๊ฒ์ด๋ผ๋ ํฌ๋ง
์ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ๋ฐ์ฅ์ ๋นํ ํจํด์ ๊ณ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌํ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. ๋ฐ์ฅ์
๊ฐ์ ๋นํ ์ฅ์น๋ ์ ์๊ณผ ํ์ฌ๋ ์ง์ง์ด๋ ํ์ฐ ํญ๋ฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์
์๊ธ์ํฉ์์์ธ์ธ๋ํฐ๋์์ด๋ ์์์ด์, ์ข๊ณ ๋ฌด๋์ง
๊ณณ์์ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ๊ตฌํ๊ฑฐ๋ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์๋ฌด๋ค์ ์ํํ ์ ์์ ๊ฒ
์ด๋ค.
| ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ |
High-speed video cameras have been used to
film the flying motions of bats, revealing details
about the mechanisms of bat flight.
revealing ์ดํ๋๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ๋ํ๋ด๋๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ด๋ค.
Quiz
1. ๊ทธ๋, ๋ด๊ฐ ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ๋ก๋, ์๋ํ์ ์น๊ฐ์ด๋ค.
โ He is, I believe, a great statesman.
2. ๊ทธ๋ ๋, ๋ด๊ฐ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์๋, ๋งค์ฐํ๋์ ์ด๊ณ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์ ์ด๋ค.
โ She is, it seems to me, very active and
creative.
3. ํ๋ฒ๋ด๋ฑ์๋ง์, ์ผ๋จ๋ฐ์ฌ๋ํํ์ฒ๋ผ, ํ์๋ ์์๋ค.
โ Words once spoken, like bullets once fired,
canโt be recalled.
GRAMMAR
What all bats have in common is, other than
being the only flying mammals in existence,
flexible wings that allow them to perform flying
feats.
์ด๋ฌธ์ฅ์์์ฝ์ ๋์ ์น์ฌ๊ตฌ๋?
โ other than being the only flying mammals in
existence
์ฃผ์ดWhat์ ๋ณด์ด๊ฐ๋๋๋ง์?
โ flexible wings
<๋ฌธ์ฅ์๊ตฌ์กฐ>
์ฃผ์ด โ What all bats have in common๋์ฌ โ is (์ ์น์ฌ๊ตฌ) โ other than being the only flying
mammals in existence๋ณด์ด โ flexible wings (๊ด๊ณ์ฌ์ ) โ that allow them to perform flying
feats
1. Not only do different types of bats have
different diets, but also some bats use sound
waves to move around. (๋ค์ํ์ข ๋ฅ์๋ฐ์ฅ๋ค์~์๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์์๋ฟ๋ง์๋๋ผ)
2. What all bats have in common is flexible wings
that allow them to perform flying feats. (๋ชจ๋ ๋ฐ์ฅ๋ค์ด๊ณตํต์ ์ผ๋ก๊ฐ๋๊ฒ์)
3. They were so much different than the flight
patterns of birds which scientists thought would
be similar to bats. (๋ฐ์ฅ์๋น์ทํ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค)
4. Bats never flatten their wings like an airplane
when they are flying. (๋ ๊ฐ๋ฅผ๊ฒฐ์ฝํํํ๊ฒํ์ง์๋๋ค)
5. That is because the curving and curling of the
wing is the key which allows bats to fly the way
they do. (๋ฐ์ฅ๋กํ์ฌ๊ธ๊ทธ๋ค์ดํ๋๊ทธ๋ฐ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ผ๋ก๋
์์๊ฒํ๋ค)
WRITING
STRUCTURE
Answer Keys 15
| ์ ๋ต |
1. โข
2. โค3. โก4. ์ฒญ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์์ฌ์๋ํ์๊ฒฉํ๊ท์จ์ํตํด์๊ธฐ์๋ จํ๋ค.
/ 5๋ ๋์์นจ๋ฌต์์์์ฃผ์๊ณผ๋ชฉ์๊ณต๋ถํ๋ค.
| ํด์ค |
1. It is unknown whether all these rules wereimposed by Pythagoras himself or were the
products of his followers.๋ผ๋ ๋ฌธ์ฅ์์์๊ฒฉํ๊ท์น๋ค
์ด ๋๊ตฌ์ ์ํด ๋ง๋ค์ด์ก๋์ง ์๋ ค์ ธ ์์ง ์๋ค๊ณ ํ๋ค.
๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ฏ๋ก โข Pythagoras made strict rules of self-
discipline and study.(ํผํ๊ณ ๋ผ์ค๋ ์๊ธฐํ๋ จ๊ณผ ํ์ ์
์๊ฒฉํ๊ท์น์๋ง๋ค์๋ค.)๋ ๋ด์ฉ์ด์ผ์นํ์ง์๋๋ค.
๋ค์์ค ์๋ด์ฉ์ผ๋ก๋ง์ง์์๊ฒ์?
โ ํผํ๊ณ ๋ผ์ค๋ ๊ทธ ์ฌํ์ ๋๋จํ ํฐ ์ ์น์ ํฅ๋ ฅ์
ํ์ฌํ๋ค.
โก ํผํ๊ณ ๋ผ์ค์๊ทธ์์ถ์ข ์๋ค์๋๋จํ์กด๊ฒฝ๋ฐ์๋ค.
โฃ ํผํ๊ณ ๋ผ์ค๋ ํผ์ด๋ค์ํ์ด๋๋ค๊ณ ๋ฏฟ์๋ค.
โค ํผํ๊ณ ๋ผ์ค๋ ์์ ์ ํํ์ ์ฌ์ฑ์ ํ์์ผ๋ก ๋ฐ์๋ค
๋ค.
2. despicable์ใ์ผ๋นํ, ๋น์ดํใ์ ์๋ฏธ์ด๋ค. โค์
considerate์ใ์ฌ๋ ค๊น์ใ์ด๋ผ๋์๋ฏธ๋ก๋ฐ๋์๋ป์ด๋ค.
โ ์์ธํ โก์ฌ์ ํ
โข์์ธํ โฃ์ํนํ
3. ๋น์นธ ์์ ๋ด์ฉ์ ์ฒ์ฒด์ ์์ง์์ด ์ํ์ ๊ท์น์ ๋ฐ๋ผ
์์ง์ธ๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ฏ๋ก ๋น์นธ์๋ ๊ทธ ๊ท์น์ ๋ฐ๋ผ
์์ธก๋ ์ ์๋ค๋ โก could be predicted๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ฅ ์ ์
ํ๋ค
โ ๋ฒ์ด๋์ง์์๋ค โข๋ค์ํ ์์๋ค
โฃํต์ ๋ ์์๋ค โค์ฌ๋ฐฐ์น๋ ์์๋ค
4. ํผํ๊ณ ๋ผ์ค ํํ์ ์ํด ๋ถ๊ณผ๋ ์๊ฒฉํ ๊ท์น์โ์ฒญ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ
์์ฌ์๋ํ์๊ฒฉํ๊ท์จ์ํตํด์๊ธฐ๋ฅผ์๋ จํ๋๊ฒ๊ณผ 5
๋ ๋์์นจ๋ฌต์์์์ฃผ์๊ณผ๋ชฉ์๊ณต๋ถํ๋๊ฒโ์ด์๋ค.
ํผํ๊ณ ๋ผ์ค ํํ์ ์ํด ๋ถ์ฌ๋ ๊ท์น์ ๋ฌด์์ธ๊ฐ? (ํ
๋ก)
| ๋ณธ๋ฌธ |
Pythagoras is believed to have journeyed toEgypt, Babylon and then Samos so that hecould study advanced mathematics. After awhile, he and his devotees left Samos becauseof political uncertainties and the despicableactions of Samosโs tyrant Polikrates. Theyestablished a kind of sect in southern Italy.Unlike many other sects of the day, theyaccepted women as their members who werehighly respected in the region.
Since Pythagoras also believed in reincarnation,he was deeply concerned about thepreservation of the soul and its purity. The sectwanted to end the process of reincarnation sothat the soul could finally be released from thebody which was believed to be imprisoning thesoul. To achieve release, the sect focused onimproving self-discipline by adhering to rigidrules about hygiene and eating. Also, the sectmembers studied the principal subjects,including mathematics, music, gymnastics andmedicine for five years while keeping silent. It isunknown whether all these rules were imposedby Pythagoras himself or were the products ofhis followers.
In addition, contrary to popular belief, it was notPythagoras who discovered the famousโsentence of Pythagorasโ but the Babylonians.Babylonian astronomers had discovered that theorbits of the bodies in the sky followedmathematical patterns and could be predicted.Pythagoras is also known to have influencedreforms in the polit ical system since theโassociationsโ started by his followers oftenmanaged to attain immense political influence ina given territory.
| ํด์ |
ํผํ๊ณ ๋ผ์ค๋ ์ง๋ณด๋ ์ํ์ ๊ณต๋ถํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ด์งํธ, ๋ฐ๋น๋ก ,
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋ ์ฌ๋ชจ์ค๋ฅผ ์ฌํํ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ฏฟ์ด์ง๋ค. ์ผ๋ง ํ์, ๊ทธ
์ ๊ทธ์ ์ด์ฑ๋น์๋ค์ ์ ์น์ ๋ถํ์ค์ฑ๊ณผ ์ฌ๋ชจ์ค์ ํญ๊ตฐ
Passage06
16 Aim High Reading | Level 3-A
Polikrates์ ๋น์ดํ ํ๋ ๋๋ฌธ์ ์ฌ๋ชจ์ค๋ฅผ ๋ ๋ฌ๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ค์
๋จ๋ถ ์ดํ๋ฆฌ์์ ํํ ํ๋๋ฅผ ์ธ์ ๋ค. ๊ทธ ๋น์์ ๋ง์ ๋ค๋ฅธ
ํํ๋ค๊ณผ๋ ๋ฌ๋ฆฌ, ๊ทธ๋ค์ ๊ทธ ์ง์ญ์์ ๋๋จํ ์กด๊ฒฝ๋ฐ๋ ์๊ธฐ
๋คํ์์ผ๋ก์ฌ์ฑ๋ค์๋ฐ์๋ค ๋ค.
ํผํ๊ณ ๋ผ์ค๋ ๋ํ ํ์์ ๋ฏฟ์๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์, ํผ์ ๋ณดํธ์
ํผ์ ์์์ ๊น์ ๊ด์ฌ์ด ์์๋ค. ๊ทธ ํํ๋ ํผ์ ๊ฐ๋์ด
๋๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ผ ๋ฏฟ์ด์ง๋ ์ก์ฒด์์ ํผ์ด ๋ฒ์ด๋ ์ ์๋๋ก ๊ทธ
ํ์์ ๊ณผ์ ์ ๋๋ด๊ณ ์ถ์ดํ๋ค. ( ํผ์) ํด๋ฐฉ์ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ธฐ ์
ํด์, ๊ทธ ํํ๋ ์ฒญ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์์ฌ์ ์๊ฒฉํ ๊ท์น์ ๊ณ ์ํจ์ผ๋ก์จ
์๊ธฐํ๋ จ์ ํฅ์์ํค๋ ๋ฐ ์ด์ ์ ๋ง์ถ์๋ค. ๋ํ ๊ทธ ํํ์
ํ์๋ค์ ์ฃผ์ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์ ๊ณต๋ถํ๋๋ฐ, ๊ทธ๊ฒ์ ์ํ, ์์ , ์ฒด์ก,
์ํ์ผ๋ก, ์นจ๋ฌต ๊ฐ์ด๋ฐ์ 5๋ ๋์๋ฐฐ์ ๋ค. ์ด ๋ชจ๋ ๊ท์น๋ค์ด
ํผํ๊ณ ๋ผ์ค ์์ ์ ์ํด ๋ถ๊ณผ๋์๋์ง ์๋๋ฉด ๊ทธ์ ์ถ์ข ์๋ค
์ด๋ง๋ค์ด๋ธ๊ฒ์ธ์ง๋์๋ ค์ ธ์์ง์๋ค.
๊ฒ๋ค๊ฐ, ์ผ๋ฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฏฟ์๊ณผ๋ ๋ฌ๋ฆฌ, ๊ทธ ์ ๋ช ํโํผํ๊ณ ๋ผ์ค์
์ ๋ฆฌโ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๊ฒฌํ ๊ฒ์ ํผํ๊ณ ๋ผ์ค๊ฐ ์๋๋ผ, ๋ฐ๋น๋ก ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด
์๋ค. ๋ฐ๋น๋ก ์ ์ฒ๋ฌธํ์๋ค์ ํ๋์ ์ฒ์ฒด ๊ถค๋๊ฐ ์ํ์ ํจ
ํด์ ๋ฐ๋ฅด๊ณ ์์ด์ ์์ธกํ ์ ์๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ฐ๊ฒฌํ์๋ค. ํผ
ํ๊ณ ๋ผ์ค๋ ๋ํ ์ ์น ์ ๋์ ๊ฐํ์ ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋ค๊ณ ๋ฏฟ์ด
์ง๋๋ฐ, ๊ทธ๊ฒ์ ๊ทธ์ ์ถ์ข ์๋ค์ ์ํด ์์๋ ๊ทธ ๋จ์ฒด๋ค์ด
์ข ์ข ์ฃผ์ด์ง ํ ์์์ ๋ง๋ํ ์ ์น์ ํฅ์ ๊ฐ๊ฒ ๋์๊ธฐ
๋๋ฌธ์ด์๋ค.
| ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ |
so that he could study advanced mathematics /
so that the soul could finally be released from
the body
so that์ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด๋๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์๋ถ์ฌ์ ์์ด๋์ดโ~ํ๊ธฐ์ํด
(์), ~ํ๋๋กโ๋๋โ๊ทธ๋์, ๊ทธ ๋๋ฌธ์, ~ํ์ฌ(์)โ๋ฅผ ํ
ํํ๋ค. ๊ตฌ์ด์์๋ that์ด ์ข ์ข ์๋ต๋๊ธฐ๋ํ๋ค.
Quiz
1. ๊ทธ๋ ์ ์์๋๋ถ์ ํ๋๊ฒ๊ฐ๋ค.
โ He seems to have been rich in his youth.
2. Michael Jordan์ ์ต๊ณ ์๋๊ตฌ์ ์ ๋ค๊ณ ๋ฏฟ์ด์ง๋ค.
โ Michael Jordan is believed to have been the
best basketball player.
The โassociationsโ started by his followers often
managed to attain immense political influence in
a given territory.
STRUCTURE
GRAMMAR
associations๋ ์ด๋ค๋จ์ฒด๋ฅผ๋งํ๋๊ฐ?
โ started by his followers
โ ํด์: ๊ทธ์์ถ์ข ์๋ค์์ํด์์๋๋จ์ฒด๋ค
<๋ฌธ์ฅ์๊ตฌ์กฐ>
์ฃผ์ด โ The โassociationsโ started by his
followers๋์ฌ โ often managed ๋ชฉ์ ์ดโ to attain immense political influence (์ ์น์ฌ๊ตฌ) โ in a given territory
1. Unlike many other sects of the day, they
accepted women as their members who were
highly respected in the region.(๊ทธ ์ง์ญ์์๋๋จํ์กด๊ฒฝ๋ฐ๋)
2. Pythagoras also believed in reincarnation. (ํ์์๋ฏฟ์๋ค)
3. The soul could finally be released from the
body. (~์์๋ฒ์ด๋์ง๋ค)
4. The sect focused on improving self-discipline
by adhering to rigid rules about hygiene and
eating. (์๊ฒฉํ๊ท์น์๊ณ ์ํจ์ผ๋ก์จ)
5. It is unknown whether all these rules were
imposed by Pythagoras himself or were the
products of his followers. (~์ธ์ง์๋์ง์๋ ค์ ธ์์ง์๋ค)
| ์ ๋ต |
1. โข / โค
2. ์ํ์ํ์ํ์ ์ ํ๋ฌผ์๊ณต๊ธํ๋๊ฒ / ํ์๋ฅผํ๋ ค
๋ฒ๋ฆฌ๋๊ฒ
3. this sophisticated water distribution system /
aOthePsystem of canals / The engineering
marvel of the whole system
4. โฃ
WRITING
Passage07
Answer Keys 17
| ํด์ค |
1. With such a reliable supply of water within theheart of its cities, Romans built fountains, public
baths and artificial lakes.์์ โข Ample water
supplies allowed Roman people to build various
facilities.(์ถฉ๋ถํ ๋ฌผ์๊ณต๊ธ์ด๋ก๋ง์ฌ๋๋ค๋กํ์ฌ๊ธ๋ค์
ํ ์์ค์ ๊ฑด์คํ๊ฒ ํ๋ค.)์ ๋ด์ฉ์ ํ์ธํ ์ ์๋ค. ๋
ํ the system of canals and pipes had a constant
gradient so that clean water flowed in and dirty
water flowed out at a steady speed์์ โค The
system used a steady slope for the right speed of
water flow.(๊ทธ ์์คํ ์ ์ ์ ํ ์๋์ ๋ฌผ์ ํ๋ฆ์ ์
ํด์๋งํ๊ฒ๊ฒฝ์ฌ์ ธ์์๋ค.)๋ผ๋ ๊ฒ์์์์๋ค.
๋ค์์ค์ด ์๋ด์ฉ๊ณผ์ผ์นํ๋๊ฒ์? (2๊ฐ)
โ ๋ก๋ง ์๋ก๋ ๋ช๋ช ์ ์ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์ค ๋ฐ๋ช ๋๊ณ ๊ฐ๋ฐ๋์๋ค.
โก ๋ฌผ์๋์์์๋์์์์๊ฐ๊ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก๊ณต๊ธ๋์๋ค.
โฃ ์๋ก๋ํ๋ฅด๋๋ฌผ์์์ํต์ ๋ฅผ์กฐ์ ํ ์์์๋ค.
2. ๋ก๋ง ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ์ง์ ์๋ก์ ์ฃผ์ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ receive fresh
water and discard dirty water์์ ์ ์ ์๋ฏ์ด, ์
ํ์ํ์ํ์ ์ ํ๋ฌผ์๊ณต๊ธ๊ณผํ์๋ฅผ๋ฒ๋ฆฌ๋๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
3. ๋ณธ๋ฌธ์ ์ฌ์ฉ๋ ๋ก๋ง์ aqueduct๋ฅผ ๋ปํ๋ ํํ์ this
sophisticated water distribution system, aOtheP
system of canals, The engineering marvel of the
whole system์ด๋ค.
4. sophisticated๋ใ๋ณต์กํ, ์ ๊ตํใ์ ์๋ฏธ์ด๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ฏ๋ก
โฃ complex์ ๋ฐ๊พธ์ด์ธ์์๋ค.
| ๋ณธ๋ฌธ |
The ancient Romans were excellent civi lengineers, constructing colossal buildings whichwere incredible engineering achievements oftheir time. While most people are quite familiarwith the Colosseum and other Romanarchitectural achievements, few know about theRoman system of aqueducts.
Aqueducts that carried water into Roman citiesallowed Roman citizens living within large citiesto enjoy fresh, clear water in a variety of ways.Not only is the supply of fresh water critical tothe life of any resident of a large city, but theremoval of dirty water is also important. So theRomans built this sophisticated water
distribution system to take away dirty, sewage-filled water as well.
The aqueducts the Romans built were really asystem of canals. Water originated from a spotfrom which it flowed naturally, a spring forexample. Then they constructed aqueducts totransport the water into the cities. Canalscouldnโt be built within cities so the Romansused a series of tanks and pipes to ensure thatevery area within a given city was able to receivefresh water and discard dirty water. Theengineering marvel of the whole system wasensuring that the system of canals and pipeshad a constant gradient so that clean waterflowed in and dirty water flowed out at a steadyspeed without any assistance.
With such a reliable supply of water within theheart of its cities, the Romans built fountains,public baths and artificial lakes. In Rome alonethere were 1,200 fountains, 11 public baths and2 artificial lakes.
| ํด์ |
๊ณ ๋ ๋ก๋ง์ธ๋ค์ ๋ฐ์ด๋ ํ ๋ชฉ ๊ธฐ์ ์๋ค์ด์ด์, ๊ทธ ์๋์๋
์์ฒญ๋ ๊ธฐ์ ๊ณตํ์ ์ ์ ์ธ ๊ฑฐ๋ํ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋ค์ ์ธ์ ๋ค. ๋๋ถ๋ถ
์ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ์ฝ๋ก์ธ์๊ณผ ๋ก๋ง์ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๊ฑด์ถ๋ฌผ๋ค์ ์๋นํ ์
์๊ณ ์์ง๋ง, ๋ก๋ง์ ์๋ก(ๆฐด่ทฏ)์ ๋ํด ์๊ณ ์๋ ์ฌ๋๋ค์
๊ฑฐ์์๋ค.
๋ก๋ง ๋์๋ค๋ก ๋ฌผ์ ์ด๋ฐํ๋ ์๋ก๋ ํฐ ๋์ ์์ ์ด๊ณ ์
๋ ๋ก๋ง ์๋ฏผ๋ค๋ก ํ์ฌ๊ธ ์ฌ๋ฌ ๊ฐ์ง ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ผ๋ก ์ ์ ํ๊ณ ๊นจ๋
ํ ๋ฌผ์ ์ฌ์ฉํ ์ ์๊ฒ ํ๋ค. ๋๋์ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋ค์ด ์ํํ๋
๋ฐ ์์ด ์ ์ ํ ๋ฌผ์ ๊ณต๊ธํ๋ ๊ฒ๋ ๊ผญ ํ์ํ์ง๋ง, (๊ทธ์ ๋ชป
์ง ์๊ฒ) ์ค์(์ค์ผ๋ ๋ฌผ)๋ฅผ ์ฒ๋ฆฌํ๋ ์ผ๋ ์ค์ํ๋ค. ๊ทธ๋์
๋ก๋ง ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ๋๋ฝ๊ณ ์ค๋ฌผ๋ก ๊ฐ๋ํ ๋ฌผ์ ๋ฒ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์ํด์๋
์ด๋ณต์กํ์๋๋ณด๊ธ์์คํ ์๋ง๋ค์๋ค.
๋ก๋ง ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ๋ง๋ ์๋ก๋ ์ง์ ํ ์ดํ ์์คํ ์ด์๋ค. ๋ฌผ์
์์ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ฌผ์ด ํ๋ฅด๋ ๊ณณ, ์๋ฅผ ๋ค๋ฉด ์๋ฌผ์์ ๋์๋ค. ๊ทธ
๋์ ๊ทธ๋ค์ ๋์์ ๋ฌผ์ ๋ณด๋ด๊ธฐ ์ํด ์๋ก๋ฅผ ๊ฑด์คํ๋ค. ์ด
ํ๋ ๋์์์์ธ์์ง์์์ด์, ์ฃผ์ด์ง ๋์์์๋ชจ๋ ์ง
์ญ์ด ๊นจ๋ํ ๋ฌผ์ ๋ฐ๊ณ ๋๋ฌ์ด ๋ฌผ์ ๋ฒ๋ฆด ์ ์๋๋ก ๋ก๋ง ์ฌ
๋๋ค์ ์ผ๋ จ์ ์์กฐ์ ํ์ดํ๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ๋ค. ๊ทธ ๊ณตํ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ฒฝ
์ด๋ก์ด ์ ์ฒด ์์คํ ์ ์ด๋ค ๋์ ์์ด๋ ์ผ์ ํ ์๋๋ก ๊นจ๋
18 Aim High Reading | Level 3-A
ํ ๋ฌผ์ด ๋ค์ด์ค๊ณ ๋๋ฌ์ด ๋ฌผ์ด ๋น ์ ธ๋๊ฐ ์ ์๋๋ก ์ดํ์
ํ์ดํ์์คํ ์ด์ผ์ ํ๊ธฐ์ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ๊ฐ๊ณ ์์๋ค.
๋์ ์ค์ฌ ์์ผ๋ก ๋ฌผ์ ์ด๋ฌํ ์์ ์ ์ธ ๊ณต๊ธ์ผ๋ก, ๋ก๋ง ์ฌ
๋๋ค์ ๋ถ์, ๊ณต์ค ๋ชฉ์ํ๊ณผ ์ธ๊ณต ํธ์๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ค์๋ค. ๋ก๋ง์๋ง
1,200๊ฐ์ ๋ถ์, 11๊ฐ์ ๊ณต์ค ๋ชฉ์ํ๊ณผ 2๊ฐ์ ์ธ๊ณตํธ์๊ฐ ์
์๋ค.
| ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ |
Not only is the supply of fresh water critical ~,
but the removal of dirty water is also important.
not only๊ฐ ๋ฌธ๋๋ก์ค๋ฉด์์ฃผ์ด(the supply of fresh
water)์ ๋์ฌ(is)๊ฐ ๋์น๋๋ฌธ์ฅ์ด๋ค. <not only ~, but
(also) ...>๋โ~๋ฟ๋ง์๋๋ผโฆ๋ํโ์ด๋ผ๋์๋ฏธ์ด๋ค.
Quiz
1. ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋๋งํ๋๊ฒ๋ณด๋ค๋๋ฐฐ๋งํผ๋ค์์์๊ธฐ์ํด์,
๋ ๊ฐ์๊ท์ํ๋์์ ์๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์๋ค.
โ We have two ears and one mouth so that we
can listen twice as much as we speak.
2. We will do our best in order for them to look
forward to a bright future.
โ We will do our best so that they can look
forward to a bright future.
Aqueducts that carried water into Roman cities
allowed Roman citizens living within large cities
to enjoy fresh, clear water in a variety of ways.
Aqueducts๋ ์ด๋ค์๋ก๋ฅผ๋งํ๋๊ฐ?
โ that carried water into Roman cities
โ ํด์: ๋ก๋ง๋์๋ค๋ก๋ฌผ์์ด๋ฐํ๋์๋ก๋ค
Roman citizens์ด๋์ด๋ค์ฌ๋๋ค์๋งํ๋๊ฐ?
โ living within large cities
<๋ฌธ์ฅ์๊ตฌ์กฐ>
์ฃผ์ด โ Aqueducts that carried water into
Roman cities ๋์ฌ โ allowed ๋ชฉ์ ์ด โ Roman citizens living within large
cities ๋ชฉ์ ๊ฒฉ๋ณด์ด โ to enjoy fresh, clear water (์ ์น์ฌ๊ตฌ) โ in a variety of ways
STRUCTURE
GRAMMAR
1. While most people are quite familiar with the
Colosseum, few know about the Roman system
of aqueducts. (~์ ์๋นํ์์๊ณ ์๋ค)
2. Not only is the supply of fresh water critical to
the life of any resident of a large city, but the
removal of dirty water is also important. (~์ ๊ณต๊ธ์ดโฆํ ๋ฟ๋ง์๋๋ผ)
3. The Romans built this sophisticated water
distribution system to take away sewage-filled
water as well. (์ค๋ฌผ๋ก๊ฐ๋ํ๋ฌผ์๋ฒ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ํด์๋)
4. Water originated from a spot from which it
flowed naturally, a spring for example. (~๋ก๋ถํฐ์์ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก๋ฌผ์ดํ ๋)
5. The system had a constant gradient so that
clean water flowed in and dirty water flowed out
at a steady speed without any assistance. (์ผ์ ํ๊ธฐ์ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ๊ฐ๊ณ ์์๋ค)
| ์ ๋ต |
1. โฃ
2. ๊ฐ์ฅ๋นจ๋ฆฌ์ฑ์ฅํ๋ค. / ๋จน์ด์๋น์ฉ์ด์ ๋ ดํ๋ค. / ๋๋ณด
๊ธฐ์ฝ๋ค.
3. ์์์ง๋ชจ๋ฅด๋์ ํดํํจ๊ณผ๋ค๋ก๋ถํฐ๋ญ์๋ชธ์๋ณดํธํ
๊ธฐ์ํด์ / ์ฝ์์๊ฑฐํ ๋์ํธ๋ฆฌ์ฑ์์ํด์
4. โฃ
| ํด์ค |
1. ๋ง์ง๋ง ๋ฌธ์ฅ์์ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋ ๋ง์ ์คํ์ด ํ์ํ๋ค๊ณ ํ์ผ
๋ฏ๋ก ๋๋ฌผ๋ก ๋ ์ฝ์ ์์ง ์ํ๋๊ณ ์์ง ์๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ์
์ ์๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ฏ๋ก โฃ Harmful side effects have not
been found in animal drugs in the market.(์์ฅ์
์๋ ๋๋ฌผ ์ฝ์์ ํด๋ก์ด ํจ๊ณผ๋ ๋ฐ๊ฒฌ๋์ง ์์๋ค.)์ ๋ด
์ฉ์์ฌ์ค์ด์๋๋ค.
์ด ์๋ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ๋ค์์ค์ฌ์ค์ด์๋๊ฒ์?
โ ๋ญ์ ํฌํจํ ๋ช๋ช ๋๋ฌผ๋ค์ ์ฝ์ ๋ง๋ค์ด๋ด๋ ๋ฐ์ ์ฌ
WRITING
Passage08
Answer Keys 19
์ฉ๋๋ค.
โก ์ ์ ํ์ ์ผ๋ก DNA๊ฐ ๋ณํ๋ ๋๋ฌผ๋ค์ ์์ฒด์ ์ผ๋ก ์ฝ
์๋ง๋ค์ด๋ผ์์๋ค.
โข ์ฝ์ ๋ชธ์ฒด์ ๋ง์ ๋ถ๋ถ๋ค์ ์ฃผ์ ์์์ธ ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง๋ก ๋ง
๋ค์ด์ง๋ค.
โค ์ด๋ค ๋๋ฌผ๋ค์ ๋ค์ํ ์ฝ์ ๋ง๋ค๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ฑ๊ณต์ ์ผ๋ก
๊ฐ๊ณต๋์๋ค.
2. since they grow fastest. Chickens are also cheapto feed and easy to take care of.์์ ๋ต์ ์ฐพ์๋ณผ
์ ์๋ค. ์ฆ, ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์๋ผ๊ณ , ๋จน์ด์ ๋น์ฉ์ด ์ ๋ ดํ๊ณ ,
๋๋ณด๊ธฐ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋๋ฌธ์ด๋ค.
๋๋ ์์ฐ์ ์ํ ๋๋ฌผ๋ก ๋ญ์ด ์ ํธ๋๋ ์ด์ ๋ฅผ ์ค๋ช ํ์
์ค. (์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง๋ก)
3. This protects the chickensโbodies from the drugsโpossible harmful effects and makes it easy for
scientists to collect the drugs.์ ๋ต์ด ๋์ ์๋ค. ์ฆ,
์์์ง ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋ ์ ํดํ ํจ๊ณผ๋ค๋ก๋ถํฐ ๋ญ์ ๋ชธ์ ๋ณดํธํ๊ณ
์ฝ์์๊ฑฐํ ๋์ํธ๋ฆฌ์ฑ์์ํด์์ด๋ค.
4. ์ฝ์ ๋ง๋ค์ด ๋ด๋ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ(drug creating ability)์ด ๋ณ์๋ฆฌ
์๊ฒ ์ ์ ๋๋ค๋ ๋ด์ฉ์ ํตํด, โฃ Changing the DNA of
every chicken to make drugs is not necessary.(์ฝ์
๋ง๋ค๊ธฐ ์ํด ๋ชจ๋ ๋ญ์ DNA๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๊พธ๋ ๊ฒ์ ํ์ํ์ง ์
๋ค.)๋ผ๋ ๊ฒ์์ถ๋ก ํ ์์๋ค.
๋ค์์ค์ด ์์์ถ๋ก ํ ์์๋๊ฒ์?
โ ์ฝ์ ๋ง๋ค์ด๋ด๋ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ์ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ธ๋๋ก ์ ํด์ง ์ ์๋ค.
โก ๊ฐ๊น์ด ์ฅ๋์ ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง ์ฝ์ผ๋ก ๋๋ถ๋ถ์ ์ง๋ณ์ด ์น์ ๋
์์๋ค.
โข ์ด๋ฐ ์ข ๋ฅ์ ๋ช๋ช ๋ฌ๊ฑ๋ค์ ํ์ฌ ๋ช๋ช ๋๋ค ์์ฅ์์
๊ตฌํ ์์๋ค.
โค ์ธ๊ฐ์ ์๋น๋ฅผ ์ํด ์ถฉ๋ถํ ๋ง์ ๋ฌ๊ฑ์ ๋ง๋๋ ๋ฐ์
๋๋ช๋ ์ด๊ฑธ๋ฆด๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
| ๋ณธ๋ฌธ |
Medicine can come in the form of capsules,tablets or powder which we take with water. Itcan also come in the form of cream which weapply to our skin. Now scientists are trying togenetically engineer medicines into our food. Nolonger would you have to take your pills aftereating your eggs for breakfast as the eggswould have the medicine already in them.
This is possible because drugs are made of
protein molecules. Animals make thousands ofproteins, the main ingredient in skin, hair, milk,and meat. If drugs are made from the proteins,then animals can be genetically engineered toproduce the drugs themselves.
In fact, sheep, cows and goats have alreadybeen genetically engineered by scientists toproduce protein drugs which are collected inthose animalsโ milk. Chickens, however, are thebest choice to mass produce drugs for humanconsumption since they grow fastest. Chickensare also cheap to feed and easy to take care of.Since chickens donโt produce milk, peoplewould simply eat some eggs to get their neededdaily dose of medicine. The scientists altered thechickensโ DNA so that the birds make thesedrugs only in their egg whites. This protects thechickensโ bodies from the drugsโ possibleharmful effects and makes it easy for scientiststo collect the drugs.
Researchers in this field have already producedtwo types of chickens whose eggs containprotein drugs. One produces a drug to treat skincancer and the other produces a drug to treatmultiple sclerosis, a nerve disorder. Theseresearchers have discovered that the chickenspass on to their chicks their drug creatingabilities, making the whole project much moreeconomically feasible. Nevertheless, moretesting still needs to be done before theseโmedicine eggsโ reach your local grocery store.
| ํด์ |
์ฝ์ ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋ณต์ฉํ๋ ์บก์, ์ ์ ๋๋ ๊ฐ๋ฃจ์ฝ์ ํํ๋ก ๋์ฌ
์์๋ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒ์ ๋ํํผ๋ถ์๋ฐ๋ฅผ์์๋ํฌ๋ฆผํํ๋ก๋์ฌ
์๋ ์๋ค. ์ด์ ๊ณผํ์๋ค์ ์ ์ ํ์ ์ผ๋ก ์์์ ์ฝ์ ๋ฃ์ด
๋ง๋ค๋ ค๊ณ ๋ ธ๋ ฅํ๊ณ ์๋ค. ์ด์ ๋ ์ด์ ์์นจ ์์ฌ๋ก ๋ฌ๊ฑ์
๋จน์ ํ์ ์ฝ์ ๋ณต์ฉํ ํ์๊ฐ ์์ ๊ฒ์ธ๋ฐ, ๊ทธ ๋ฌ๊ฑ์ ์ด๋ฏธ
๊ทธ์ฝ์ด๋ค์ด์์๊ฒ์ด๊ธฐ๋๋ฌธ์ด๋ค.
์ด๊ฒ์ ์ฝ์ด ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง ๋ถ์๋ก ๋ง๋ค์ด์ง๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ๊ฐ๋ฅํ๋ค. ๋
๋ฌผ๋ค์๊ฐ์ฃฝ, ํธ, ์ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์์ฃผ์์ฑ๋ถ์ธ์์ฒ๊ฐ์ง์
๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง์ ๋ง๋ ๋ค. ์ฝ์ด ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง๋ก ๋ง๋ค์ด์ง๋ค๋ฉด, ๋๋ฌผ๋ค์ด ์
20 Aim High Reading | Level 3-A
์ฒด๋ก์ฝ์๋ง๋ค์ด๋ผ์์๋๋ก์ ์ ํ์ ์ผ๋ก๊ฐ๊ณต๋ ์์๋ค.
์ฌ์ค, ์, ์ ์์ ์ผ์๋ ๊ทธ ๋๋ฌผ๋ค์ ์ ์์ ๋ชจ์์ง ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง
์ฝ์ ๋ง๋ค์ด๋ด๊ธฐ ์ํด์ ๊ณผํ์๋ค์ ์ํด ์ด๋ฏธ ์ ์ ํ์ ์ผ๋ก
๊ฐ๊ณต๋์ด ์๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ๋ญ์ด ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์๋ผ๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ์ธ
๊ฐ์ ์๋น๋ฅผ ์ํ ์ฝ์ ๋๋ ์์ฐํ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ์ฅ ์ข๋ค. ๋ํ ๋ญ์
์ฌ๋ฃ๊ฐ๋ ์ธ๊ณ ๋๋ณด๊ธฐ๋ ์ฝ๋ค. ๋ญ์ ์ฐ์ ๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ค์ด๋ด์ง ๋ชปํ
๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์, ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ์ฝ๊ฐ์ ๋ฌ๊ฑ์ ๋จน๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ํ์ํ ๋งค
์ผ์ ์ฝ์ ์ป์ ์ ์๋ค. ๊ณผํ์๋ค์ ๊ทธ ์(์ฆ, ๋ญ)๊ฐ ์ด๋ฐ ์ฝ
๋ค์ ํฐ์์์๋ง ๋ง๋ค๋๋ก ๋ญ์ DNA๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๊พธ์๋ค. ์ด๊ฒ์ ๊ทธ
์ฝ์ ์ ์ฌ๋์ด ์๋ ์ ํด ํจ๊ณผ๋ก๋ถํฐ ๋ญ์ ๋ชธ์ ๋ณดํธํ๊ณ ๊ณผ
ํ์๋ค๋กํ์ฌ๊ธ๊ทธ์ฝ์์๊ฑฐํ๋๊ฒ์์ฝ๊ฒ๋ง๋ ๋ค.
์ด ๋ถ์ผ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์๋ค์ ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ทธ ๋ฌ๊ฑ์ ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง ์ฝ์ด ํฌํจ๋
๋ ๊ฐ์ง ์ข ๋ฅ์ ๋ญ์ ๋ง๋ค์ด๋๋ค. ํ๋๋ ํผ๋ถ์์ ์น๋ฃํ๊ธฐ
์ํ ์ฝ์ ๋ง๋ค์ด๋ด๊ณ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒ์ ์ ๊ฒฝ ์ฅ์ ์ธ ๋ค๋ฐ์ฑ๊ฒฝํ์ฆ
์ ์น๋ฃํ๋ ์ฝ์ ๋ง๋ค์ด๋ธ๋ค. ์ด๋ค ์ฐ๊ตฌ์๋ค์ ๋ญ์ด ์์ ์
์๋ผ๋ค์๊ฒ ์ฝ์ ๋ง๋ค์ด๋ด๋ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ์ ๋ฌผ๋ ค์ค์ ์ ์ฒด ํ๋ก์ ํธ
๊ฐ ํจ์ฌ ๋ ๊ฒฝ์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ์์ํ๊ฒ ํ๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ฐ๊ฒฌํ๋ค. ๊ทธ
๋ผ์๋ ๋ถ๊ตฌํ๊ณ , โ์ํ์ฉ ๋ฌ๊ฑโ์ด ๋๋ค ๊ฐ๊ฒ์ ๊ณต๊ธ๋๊ธฐ ์
์์ฌ์ ํ๋๋ง์์คํ์ดํํด์ ธ์ผํ ํ์๊ฐ์๋ค.
| ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ |
Medicine can come in the form of capsules,
tablets or powder which we take with water. / It
can also come in the form of cream which we
apply to our skin.
์๋ฌธ์ฅ์ which๋ take์ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด๋ก capsules, tablets
or powder๋ฅผ ์ ํ์ฌ๋ก๋ฐ๊ณ ์๋ค. ๋ค ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ which๋
apply์ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด๋ก cream์ด ์ ํ์ฌ์ด๋ค.
No longer would you have to take your pills
No longer๋ผ๋ ๋ถ์ ์ด๊ตฌ๊ฐ๋ฌธ๋๋ก๋์ค๋ฉด์, ์ฃผ์ด(you)์
์กฐ๋์ฌ(would)๊ฐ ๋์น๋์๋ค.
Quiz
1. ๋๋ ๋งค์ผ์ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ์ฐ๋๊ฒ์๊ท์น์ผ๋กํ๊ณ ์๋ค.
โ I make it a rule to keep a diary every day.
2. ๊ทธ๋ ๋๊ทธ๋ฌธ์ ์๋ํด์์๋ฌด๋ง๋ํ์ง์๋๊ฒ์ด์ต์
์ด๋ผ๊ณ ์ฌ๊ฒผ๋ค.
โ She considered it best to say nothing about
the matter.
3. ์ด๋ค ํจ๊ฒ์ดํธ์์๋์ปดํจํฐ๊ฐ์ฐจ๋๋ค์ดํจ๊ฒ์ดํธ๋ฅผํต
๊ณผํ๋๊ฒ์์์ํ๊ฒํด์ค๋ค.
โ Computers in some tollgates make it easy
GRAMMAR
for cars to pass through them.
Sheep, cows and goats have already been
genetically engineered by scientists to produce
protein drugs which are collected in those
animalsโ milk.
to produce๋ ๋ถ์ ์ฌ์์ด๋ค์ฉ๋ฒ์ธ๊ฐ?
โ ๋ถ์ฌ์ ์ฉ๋ฒ (๋ชฉ์ )
โ ํด์: ์์ฐํ๊ธฐ์ํ์ฌ
protein drugs๋ ์ด๋ค์ฝ์๋งํ๋๊ฐ?
โ which are collected in those animalsโ milk
โ ํด์: ๊ทธ ๋๋ฌผ๋ค์์ ์์๋ชจ์์ง๋ (๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง์ฝ)
<๋ฌธ์ฅ์๊ตฌ์กฐ>
์ฃผ์ด โ Sheep, cows and goats ๋์ฌ โ have already been ๋ณด์ด โ genetically engineered (์ ์น์ฌ๊ตฌ) โ by scientists (๋ถ์ ์ฌ๊ตฌ) โ to produce protein drugs (๊ด๊ณ๋๋ช ์ฌ์ ) โ which are collected in those
animalsโ milk
1. It can also come in the form of cream which we
apply to our skin. (์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐํผ๋ถ์๋ฐ๋ฅผ์์๋)
2. No longer would you have to take your pills after
eating your eggs for breakfast. (๋ ์ด์ ~ํ ํ์
๊ฐ์์๊ฒ์ด๋ค)
3. Chickens are also cheap to feed and easy to
take care of. (๋๋ณด๊ธฐ์ฌ์ด)
4. The chickens pass on to their chicks their drug
creating abilities, making the whole project
much more economically feasible. (ํจ์ฌ ๋๊ฒฝ์ ์ ์ผ๋ก์์ํ๊ฒ)
5. Nevertheless, more testing still needs to be
done before these โmedicine eggsโ reach your
local grocery store. (์ฌ์ ํ๋๋ง์์คํ์ดํํด์ ธ์ผํ ํ์๊ฐ์๋ค)
WRITING
STRUCTURE
Answer Keys 21
| A |01. ~์์ง์ฐฉํ๋ค, ๊ณ ์ํ๋ค
02. ์ธ๊ณต์
03. ์ผ๋นํ, ๋น์ดํ
04. ์ด์ฑ๊ฐ
05. ๋ณด๊ธ, ๋ฐฐ๋ถ
06. ๋ฌ๊ธฐ, ์ฌ์ฃผ, ๊ณก์
07. ๊ฒฝ์ฌ๋, ๊ธฐ์ธ๊ธฐ
08. ์์์ํ, ์ฒญ๊ฒฐํจ
09. ํฌ์ ๋ฅ
10. ํ๋ด๋ด๋ค, ๋ชจ๋ฐฉํ๋ค
11. ํ์
12. ํ์คํ, ๋ฏฟ์ ์์๋
| B |01. a reliable friend
02. unbelievable feats
03. artificial flowers
04. the distribution of wealth
05. believe in reincarnation
06. Whales are mammals.
| C |01. adhere
02. gradient
03. devotee
04. hygiene
05. despicable
06. mimic
| D |01. โ
02. โก
03. โก
04. โข
05. โข
06. โข
07. โข
08. โ
09. โก
10. โข
Review
22 Aim High Reading | Level 3-A
Chapter 03
Vocabulary Pre-check
alertness ๊ฐ์ฑ๋
astronomer ์ฒ๋ฌธํ์
authorial ์๊ฐ์ ์ธ, ์๊ฐ์
be cloaked in ~์ผ๋ก๋ฎ์ฌ์๋ค
blistering ๊ต์ฅํ
cue ๋จ์, ์๊ทน
compelling ๊ฐ๋ ฅํ, ํ์ง ์์์์๋
complication ๋ณต์กํจ
component ์ฑ๋ถ, ์์
composition ๊ตฌ์ฑ, ์ฑ๋ถ
confusion ํผ๋, ํผ๋
cram ์ฃผ์ ์ํค๋ค, ๋ฒผ๋ฝ๊ณต๋ถ๋ฅผํ๋ค
current ํ์ฌ์
define ๊ท์ ์ง๋ค, ๊ฒฝ๊ณ๊ฐ๋๋ ทํ๋ค
deflect ๋น๋ผ๊ฒํ๋ค, ๋น๋๊ฐ๊ฒํ๋ค
distinct ๋ณ๊ฐ์, ๋ค๋ฅธ
dominate ์ฐ์ธํ๋ค, ํน์์ง์ฐ๋ค
drift ํ๋ฅ(ํ๋ค)
edge ๊ฐ์ฅ์๋ฆฌ, ํ ๋๋ฆฌ
emit ๋ฐฉ์ถํ๋ค
extremely ๊ทน๋๋ก
flashback ํ๋์๋ฐฑ(๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ์์ฅ๋ฉด์ผ๋ก์์ ํ)
gadget (๊ฐ๋จํ) ์ฅ์น
giant ๊ฑฐ๋ํ
gravity ์ค๋ ฅ
haze ์๊ฐ, ์์ง๋์ด
imprecise ๋ถ์ ํํ
in response to ~์๋ฐ์ํ์ฌ
infrared ์ ์ธ์ ์
inherit ๋ฌผ๋ ค๋ฐ๋ค
insights ํต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ
intermingle ํผํฉํ๋ค, ์๋ค
intriguing ํธ๊ธฐ์ฌ์์์๋ด๋
invisible ๋ณด์ด์ง์๋
locale ์ฅ์, ํ์ฅ
magnet ์์
maintain ์ ์ง์ํค๋ค
Mercury ์์ฑ
microscope ํ๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ
narrative ์ด์ผ๊ธฐ(์)
nod off ๊พธ๋ฒ ๊พธ๋ฒ ์กธ๋ค
oversized ๋๋ฌดํฐ, ํน๋์
paradox ์ญ์ค, ์๋ค๊ฐ๋ง์ง์๋
participant ์ฐธ๊ฐ์, ์ฐธ์ฌ์
perplexed ๋นํนํ, ์ด์ฐํ ๋ฐ๋ฅผ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋
Pluto ๋ช ์์ฑ
protagonist ์ฃผ์ญ, ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต
radiation ๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ฑ(์)
reveal ๋๋ฌ๋ด๋ค, ๋ฐํ๋ด๋ค
seemingly ๋ณด๊ธฐ์๋
shepherd ์์น๊ธฐ
subject ํผ์คํ์, ์คํ ๋์์
telescope ๋ง์๊ฒฝ
tension ๊ธด์ฅ๊ฐ
thematically ์ฃผ์ ์์ผ๋ก
tissue ์กฐ์ง
unfold ํผ์น๋ค, ๋ฒ๋ฆฌ๋ค
vacuum ์ง๊ณต
Answer Keys 23
| ์ ๋ต |
1. โค
2. ๊ธฐ์กด์ Xray: ๋ถ์ ํํ์ฌ๊ฑด๊ฐํ์กฐ์ง๊น์ง์์์ํฌ
์์๋ค.
์ฑํฌ๋กํธ๋ก Xray: ์ ํํ๊ฒ์์ธํฌ๋ง์ํ๊ดดํ์ฌ๊ฑด
๊ฐํ์กฐ์ง์์์์ด์๋ค.
3. โฃ
4. โก
| ํด์ค |
1. ์ด ์ ์ฑํฌ๋กํธ๋ก (ํ์ ์ ์ ๊ฐ์ ์ฅ์น)์ ๊ดํ ๋ด์ฉ์ผ
๋ก, ์์ฑ์ ์์ฐํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์๋๋ผ, ์์ฑ์ ์ด์ฉํ์ฌ ์ ์
๋ค์ด ๋ง๋๋ ๋น์ด ๋น๋ผ์ธ์ด ๋๋๋ก ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก โค It
produces magnetic energy which turns into bright
beamlines.(๊ทธ๊ฒ์ ๋ฐ์ ๋น๋ผ์ธ์ผ๋ก ๋ณํ๋ ์์ฑ์ ๋ค
์๋์ง๋ฅผ์์ฐํ๋ค.)๋ ํ๋ฆฐ์ค๋ช ์ด๋ค.
1. ์ด ์๋ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด์ฑํฌ๋กํธ๋ก ์๋ํด์ฌ์ค์ด์๋๊ฒ์?
โ ๊ทธ๊ฒ์ ๊ณ ๋๋ก ๊ฐ๋ ฅํ ๊ด์ ์ ๋ง๋ค์ด๋ด๊ธฐ ์ํด ๋ฐ๋ช ๋
์๋ค.
โก ๊ทธ๊ฒ์ ์ ์๊ฐ ๋ฏฟ์ ์ ์์ ๋งํผ ๋น์ ์๋์ ๊ฐ๊น๊ฒ
์ด๋ํ๊ฒํ๋ค.
โข ๊ทธ๊ฒ์ ํน๋ณํ ๋ชฉ์ ์ ์ํด ํน๋ณํ ํ ์ข ๋ฅ์ ๋น์ ๋ฐ
์ฐํ ์์๋ค.
โฃ ๊ทธ๊ฒ์๋ชฉ์ ์๋ฐ๋ผ์๋์ง์์์์กฐ์ ํ ์์๋ค.
2. ์ธ ๋ฒ์งธ ๋จ๋ฝ์ ๋ด์ฉ์ผ๋ก ๋ณด์, ๊ธฐ์กด์ Xray๋ ๋ถ์ ํํ
์ฌ ๊ฑด๊ฐํ ์กฐ์ง๊น์ง ์์์ํฌ ์ ์์ง๋ง, ์ฑํฌ๋กํธ๋ก X
ray๋ ์ ํํ๊ฒ ์์ธํฌ๋ง์ ํ๊ดดํ์ฌ ๊ฑด๊ฐํ ์กฐ์ง์ ์
์์์ ํ์ง์๊ณ ์น๋ฃํ ์์๋ค.
3. ํ์๊ฐ ํ๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์ ์ธ๊ธํ๋ ์ด์ ๋ ์ฑํฌ๋กํธ๋ก ์ด ๋ฌด์์
ํ๋ ๊ธฐ๊ณ์ธ์ง ์ฝ๊ฒ ์ค๋ช ํ๊ธฐ ์ํ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ฏ๋ก โฃ
to help the understanding of the overall purpose
of the synchrotron(์ฑํฌ๋กํธ๋ก ์ ์ ๋ฐ์ ์ธ ์ฉ๋๋ฅผ ์ดํด
ํ๋๋ฐ์๋์์์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ํด)๊ฐ ์ ๋ต์ด๋ค.
ํ์๊ฐํ๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์์ธ๊ธํ๋์ด์ ๋๋ฌด์์ธ๊ฐ?
โ ์ฑํฌ๋กํธ๋ก ์ ๋ชจ์๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๋ถํ๋ค์ ๋ํด ๊ฐ๋จํ ์ธ์์
์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ํด
โก ์ฑํฌ๋กํธ๋ก ์ด ํ์ฌ์ ํ๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์ ๋์ฒดํ๊ฒ ๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ผ๋
์ ์์์ํ๊ธฐ์ํด
โข ์ฑํฌ๋กํธ๋ก ๊ธฐ๊ณ๋ก ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋ค์ด ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๊ด์ฐฐ๋๋์ง ๋ณด์ฌ
์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ํด
โค ์ฑํฌ๋กํธ๋ก ์ด ์ง๊ธ๋ณด๋ค ํจ์ฌ ๋ ์์์ ธ์ผ ํ๋ค๋ ์ ์
์ค๋ช ํ๊ธฐ์ํด
4. ์ฃผ์ด์ง ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ The work๋ ๊ณผํ์๋ค์ด ์์๋ ์ธํฌ์
๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ค ๋ ๊น์ด ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ด ๊ฑฐ๋ํ ๊ธฐ๊ณ๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ
๊ณ ์๋๊ฒ์ด๋ฏ๋ก (B)์ ์์นํ๋๊ฒ์ด๊ฐ์ฅ์ ์ ํ๋ค.
| ๋ณธ๋ฌธ |
A synchrotron is a machine which is as long andwide as a football field. It might be mistaken foran inventorโs oversized gadget, but it is not agadget. It is a powerful machine that uses tubes,magnets, vacuum pumps, and other gadgetry toproduce intensely powerful beams of light.Scientists are using this huge machine to lookdeeper than ever into the structure of atoms andcells. The work is giving them insights into thehuman body and the world. Everyone knowsabout microscopes that let you see what the eyecanโt see, and this is like the next level ofmicroscope.
A synchrotron uses giant magnets, radio waves,and something called an electron gun to pushelectrons until they move at a blistering 99.9987percent of the speed of light. Electrons movingthat quickly produce extremely bright light.Magnets direct this light into beams, known asbeamlines. Each beamline can be designed toemit just one type of light, ranging from infraredto X rays, with a very specific amount of energy.
The synchrotron can be used to treat diseases.For example, doctors often use X rays to killcancer cells. Radiation treatments are imprecise,however, and many healthy cells die in theprocess. By using the highly focusedsynchrotron X-ray beam, scientists hope todestroy individual cancer cells without harminghealthy tissue.
Not only can this technology be used by medicalcompanies, but the technology can also be usedby food companies for better tasting foods. The
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synchrotronโs X-ray beam was used by achocolate manufacturer to discover the idealtemperature for processing chocolate.
| ํด์ |
์ฑํฌ๋กํธ๋ก ์ ์ถ๊ตฌ์ฅ๋งํผ ๊ธธ๊ณ ๋์ ๊ธฐ๊ณ์ด๋ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒ์ ๋ฐ๋ช
๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ง๋์น๊ฒ ํฌ๊ฒ ๋ง๋ ๊ฐ๋จํ ์ฅ์น๋ผ๊ณ ์ค์ธ๋ ์ง ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง
๋ง, ๊ทธ๊ฒ์ ๊ฐ๋จํ ์ฅ์น๊ฐ ์๋๋ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒ์ ๋๋จํ ๊ฐ๋ ฅํ ๊ด
์ ์ ๋ง๋ค์ด๋ด๊ธฐ ์ํด ํ๋ธ, ์์, ์ง๊ณต ํํ์ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ๊ณ ์ฅ
์น๋ค์ ์ฌ์ฉํ๋ ๊ฐ๋ ฅํ ๊ธฐ๊ณ์ด๋ค. ๊ณผํ์๋ค์ ์์๋ ์ธํฌ
์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ ์ด๋ ๋๋ณด๋ค ๋ ๊น์ด ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ด ๊ฑฐ๋ํ ๊ธฐ
๊ณ๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ๊ณ ์๋ค. ๊ทธ ์ผ์ ๊ทธ๋ค์๊ฒ ์ธ๊ฐ์ ๋ชธ๊ณผ ์ธ์์
๋ํ ํต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ(๊ฟฐ๋ซ์ด๋ด, ์ดํด)์ ์ฃผ๊ณ ์๋ค. ๋ชจ๋ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ๋
์ผ๋ก ๋ณผ ์ ์๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ณด๊ฒ ํ๋ ํ๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์ ๋ํด ์๊ณ ์๊ณ ,
์ด๊ฒ์ํ๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์๊ทธ๋ค์๋จ๊ณ์๊ฐ๋ค.
์ฑํฌ๋กํธ๋ก ์ ๋น์ ์๋์ 99.9987ํผ์ผํธ์ ๊ต์ฅํ ์๋๋ก
์์ง์ผ ๋๊น์ง ์ ์๋ฅผ ์ด๋ด๊ธฐ ์ํด ๊ฑฐ๋ํ ์์, ์ ์ํ,
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ ์์ด์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋ถ๋ฆฌ๋ ๊ฒ๋ค์ ์ฌ์ฉํ๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ๋น ๋ฅด
๊ฒ ์์ง์ด๋ ์ ์๋ ๊ทน๋๋ก ๋ฐ์ ๋น์ ์์ฑํ๋ค. ์์์ ์ด
๋น์ ๋น๋ผ์ธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ์๋ ค์ง ๊ด์ ์ด ๋๊ฒ ํ๋ค. ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ ๋น๋ผ์ธ
์ ์ ์ธ์ ์์ ์์ค์ ์ ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊น์ง ๋จ ํ ์ข ๋ฅ์ ๋น๋ง์ ์
์ฃผ์ผ์ ํ์๋์ง์๋งํผ๋ฐ์ฌํ๋๋ก์ค๊ณ๋ ์์๋ค.
์ฑํฌ๋กํธ๋ก ์ ์ง๋ณ์ ์น๋ฃํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ฌ์ฉ๋ ์ ์๋ค. ์๋ฅผ
๋ค๋ฉด, ์์ฌ๋ค์ ์ ์ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃฝ์ด๊ธฐ ์ํด ์์ฃผ ์์ค์ ์ ์ฌ์ฉ
ํ๋ค. ํ์ง๋ง ๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ ์น๋ฃ๋ ๋ถ์ ํํด์ ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ ์์ ๋ง์
๊ฑด๊ฐํ ์ธํฌ๋ค์ด ์ฃฝ๋๋ค. ๊ณ ๋๋ก ์ ํํ ์ฑํฌ๋กํธ๋ก ์์ค์
๊ด์ ์ ์ฌ์ฉํจ์ผ๋ก์จ, ๊ณผํ์๋ค์ ๊ฑด๊ฐํ ์กฐ์ง์ ํด๋ฅผ ์ ํ
์ง์๊ณ ์์ธํฌ๋ค์ํ๋ํ๋ํ๊ดดํ๊ฒ๋๊ธฐ๋ฅผํฌ๋งํ๋ค.
์ด ๊ธฐ์ ์ ์ํ๊ณ์ ์ํด ์ฌ์ฉ๋ ๋ฟ๋ง ์๋๋ผ ๋ ๋ง์๋ ์
ํ์ ์ํด ์ํํ์ฌ์ ์ํด ์ฌ์ฉ๋ ์๋ ์๋ค. ์ฑํฌ๋กํธ๋ก ์
์์ค์ ๊ด์ ์์ด์ฝ๋ฆฟ๊ฐ๊ณต์์ํ์ด์์ ์ธ์จ๋๋ฅผ์์๋ด๊ธฐ
์ํด์ด์ฝ๋ฆฟ์ ์กฐ์ ์์์ํด์ฌ์ฉ๋์๋ค.
| ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ |
A synchrotron is a machine which is as long and
wide as a football field. / It is a powerful machine
that uses tubes, magnets, vacuum pumps, and
other gadgetry
์๋ฌธ์ฅ์ which์ ๋ค๋ฌธ์ฅ์ that์ ๋ ๋ค์ฃผ๊ฒฉ๊ด๊ณ๋
๋ช ์ฌ์ด๋ค. which๋ a machine์, that์ a powerful
machine์ ๋ฐ๋๋ค. ํํธ ์๋ฌธ์ฅ์ as long and wide
as a football field์ ์๊ธ์์ด์ฉํ๋น๊ต๋ฌธ์ฅ์ด๋ค.
Everyone knows about microscopes that let you
see what the eye canโt see
that์ ์ฃผ๊ฒฉ๊ด๊ณ๋๋ช ์ฌ๋กmicroscopes๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฌ์ญ
๋์ฌ let์ด๋ชฉ์ ์ดyou์๋ชฉ์ ๊ฒฉ๋ณด์ด๋ก์ํ๋ถ์ ์ฌsee๋ฅผ์ทจ
ํ๊ณ ์๋ค. what the eye canโt see๋ see์๋ชฉ์ ์ด์ด๋ค.
Quiz
1. ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋๋จน๊ธฐ์ํด์ฌ๋๊ฒ์ด์๋๋ผ์ด๊ธฐ์ํด์๋จน๋๋ค.
โ We do not live to eat, but eat to live.
2. ์ด๋ ๋ ์์นจ, ์ ์์๊นจ์ด์ ๋ช ํด์ ธ์๋๋์์ ์๋ฐ
๊ฒฌํ๋ค.
โ One morning I awoke to find myself famous.
A synchrotron uses giant magnets, radio waves,
and something called an electron gun to push
electrons until they move at a blistering 99.9987
percent of the speed of light.
A synchrotron์ด ์ฌ์ฉํ๋๊ฒ์๋ชจ๋์ฐ์์ค.
โ giant magnets
โ radio waves
โ something called an electron gun
<๋ฌธ์ฅ์๊ตฌ์กฐ>
์ฃผ์ด โ A synchrotron๋์ฌ โ uses ๋ชฉ์ ์ด โ giant magnets, radio waves, and
something called an electron gun(๋ถ์ ์ฌ๊ตฌ) โ to push electrons until they move ~
the speed of light
1. A synchrotron is a machine which is as long and
wide as a football field. (~๋งํผ๊ธธ๊ณ ๋์)
2. Scientists are using this huge machine to look
deeper than ever into the structure of atoms
and cells. (๊ทธ ์ด๋๋๋ณด๋ค๋๊น์ด๋ณด๊ธฐ์ํด)
3. Everyone knows about microscopes that let you
see what the eye canโt see. (๋์ผ๋ก๋ณผ์์๋๊ฒ์๋น์ ์ด๋ณด๊ฒํ๋ค)
WRITING
STRUCTURE
GRAMMAR
Answer Keys 25
4. Each beamline can be designed to emit just one
type of light, ranging from infrared to X rays,
with a very specific amount of energy. (์ ์ธ์ ์์์์ค์ ์์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊น์ง)
5. Not only can this technology be used by
medical companies, but the technology can
also be used by food companies for better
tasting foods. (์ด ๊ธฐ์ ์์ฌ์ฉ๋ ์์์๋ฟ๋ง์๋๋ผ)
| ์ ๋ต |
1. โข
2. less sleep / long forms / more sleep
3. โฃ
4. โก
| ํด์ค |
1. So, you may have two longs, two shorts, or oneof each.์์ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์๋ฉด ์ ์ ์๋ ๋ ๊ฐ์ธ๋ฐ, ๋ ๊ฐ ๋ค
๊ธธ๊ฑฐ๋ ๋ ๊ฐ ๋ค ์งง๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ํ๋์ฉ์ผ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ฏ๋ก
โข A person might have one long and one short
Period 3 gene.(์ด๋ค ์ฌ๋์ Period 3 ์ ์ ์๊ฐ ํ๋๋
๊ธธ๊ณ ํ๋๋์งง์์์๋ค.)์ด ์ณ๋ค.
์ด ์๋ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ๋ค์ ์ค์ณ์๊ฒ์?
โ ๋ชจ๋ ์ฌ๋์ ๊ธด Period 3 ์ ์ ์๋ฅผ ์ ์ด๋ ํ๋ ๊ฐ์ง
๊ณ ์๋ค.
โก Period 3 ์ ์ ์์๊ฒฐํฉ์์ฑ์ฅํ๋ฉด์๋ณํ ์์๋ค.
โฃ Period 3 ์ ์ ์๋ฅผ ํฌํจํ๋ ์๊ณ ์ ์ ์์๋ ๋ง์
์ข ๋ฅ๊ฐ์๋ค.
โค Period 3 ์ ์ ์๋ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋์ด๊ฐ ๋ค๋ฉด์ ๋ ๊ธธ
์ด์ง๋ค.
2. period 3 ์ ์ ์๊ฐ ์งง์ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ๊ธด ์ฌ๋๋ค๋ณด๋ค ๋ ์
์ ์๋ฉด์ ํ์๋ก ํ๋ค๋ ๋ด์ฉ์ด๋ฏ๋ก, ๋ค์๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ด ์ ๋ฆฌ
ํ ์์๋ค.
โ A person with short forms of the Period 3 gene
needs less sleep, while a person with long forms
requires more sleep to have their brains work at
top form. (Period 3 ์ ์ ์๊ฐ ์งง์ ํํ์ ์ฌ๋์ ๋
์ ์ ์๋ฉด์ ํ์๋ก ํ๋ค, ๋ฐ๋ฉด์ ๊ธด ํํ์ ์ฌ๋์ ์๊ธฐ
๋๋ฅผ ์ต์์ ์ํ์์ ์๋์ํค๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ ๋ง์ ์ ์ ํ์๋ก
ํ๋ค.)
3. ์ฃผ์ด์ง ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ For example๋ก ๋ณด์ ์คํ์ ํ ์๋ผ๋
๊ฒ์ ์ ์ ์๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ฏ๋ก ์คํ์ ํ๋ค๋ ๋ฌธ์ฅ ๋ค์ธ (D)
์ ์์น๊ฐ๊ฐ์ฅ์ ์ ํ๋ค.
4. perplexed๋ใ๋นํนํ, ์ด์ฐํ ๋ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋ใ์ด๋ผ๋ ์๋ฏธ
์ด๋ฏ๋ก, ์ด ๋ป๊ณผ๊ฐ์ฅ๊ฐ๊น์ด๋จ์ด๋โก puzzled์ด๋ค.
| ๋ณธ๋ฌธ |
Bill was up all night cramming for a biology testat school. Sue was too. Sue, however, didnโtnod off during the test while Bill did. While thismight seem like a paradox, researchers haveknown for a long time that different people havedifferent sleep requirements. What has alwaysperplexed researchers is why people have thesedifferent requirements. What they are nowdiscovering is that our need for sleep has agenetic component. So Bill who received the Fcan only blame his parents for falling asleepduring a test, while Sue has to go home andthank hers.
Researchers have recently discovered that onegene, the โclock gene,โ affects how well aperson functions without sleep. It is a type ofgene called a Period 3 gene. The Period 3 genecomes in two forms: short and long. Everyonehas two copies of the gene. So you may havetwo longs, two shorts, or one of each. The formsa person has depend on what he or sheinherited from his or her parents.
In a recent study, scientists studied test subjectswho had stayed awake for 40 hours straight.Then, these participants did a variety of tests tomeasure their mental alertness. For example,researchers tested how quickly they pushed abutton in response to a visual cue. The resultsrevealed that people who have short forms ofthis gene do much better with less or no sleepthan people who have the long forms of thegene. The researchers concluded that people
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with the long form of the Period 3 gene dealingwith sleep simply needed more sleep to keeptheir brains working well.
| ํด์ค |
Bill์ ํ๊ต ์๋ฌผํ ์ํ์ ์ํด์ ๋ฐค์ ๋ฒผ๋ฝ์น๊ธฐ๋ก ๊ณต๋ถํ
๋ค. Sue๋ ๋ง์ฐฌ๊ฐ์ง ๋ค. Bill์ ์ํ ์๊ฐ ๋์ ์กธ์์ง๋ง,
Sue๋ ์กธ์ง์์๋ค. ์ด๊ฒ์์๋ค๊ฐ๋ง์ง์์๊ฒ์ฒ๋ผ๋ณด์ผ์ง
๋ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง๋ง, ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ง์ ์๋ก ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ์๋ก ๋ค๋ฅธ ์๋ฉด
์ ํ์๋ก ํ๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ์ค๋ซ๋์ ์๊ณ ์์๋ค. ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ง์ ์ธ
์ ๋ ๋นํน์ค๋ฝ๊ฒ ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ์ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ์๋ก ๋ค๋ฅธ ์๋ฉด์
ํ์๋ก ํ๋๋๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. ์ด์ ๊ทธ๋ค์ด ์์๋ด๊ณ ์๋ ๊ฒ์
์๋ฉด์ ๋ํ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ์ ์๊ตฌ๊ฐ ์ ์ ์์ ์์๋ผ๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. ๊ทธ๋
์ F๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์ Bill์ ์ํ ์๊ฐ ๋์ ์ ๋ค์ด๋ฒ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒ์ ๋ํด ๋ถ
๋ชจ๋์ ํํ ์ ์๊ณ , ๋ฐ๋ฉด์ Sue๋ ์ง์ผ๋ก ๊ฐ์ ๋ถ๋ชจ๋๊ป
๊ฐ์ฌํด์ผํ๋ค.
์ต๊ทผ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ง์โ์๊ณ ์ ์ ์โ๋ผ๋ ํ ์ ์ ์๊ฐ ์ ์ ์์ง ์
๊ณ ๋ ์ฌ๋์ด ์ผ๋ง๋ ์ ์์ง์ผ ์ ์๋์ง์ ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ค๋
๊ฒ์ ๋ฐ๊ฒฌํด๋๋ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒ์ Period 3 ์ ์ ์๋ผ ๋ถ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ผ์ข ์
์ ์ ์์ด๋ค. Period 3 ์ ์ ์๋ ์งง์ ๊ฒ๊ณผ ๊ธด ๊ฒ, ๋ ๊ฐ์ง
ํํ๊ฐ ์๋ค. ๋ชจ๋ ์ฌ๋์ ์ด ์ ์ ์๋ฅผ ๋ ๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์๋ค.
๊ทธ๋ฌ๋๊น ๋ ๊ฐ ๋ค ๊ธธ๊ฑฐ๋ ๋ ๊ฐ ๋ค ์งง๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ํ๋์ฉ์ผ
๊ฒ์ด๋ค. ๊ฐ์ธ์ด ๊ฐ์ง๋ ์ ์ ์ ํํ๋ ๋ถ๋ชจ์๊ฒ์ ๋ฌผ๋ ค๋ฐ๊ธฐ
๋๋ฆ์ด๋ค.
์ต๊ทผ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์, ๊ณผํ์๋ค์ 40์๊ฐ ๋์ ์ค๊ณง ๊นจ์ด ์์๋
์คํ ๋์์๋ค์ ์ฐ๊ตฌํ๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ ์ด ์ฐธ์ฌ์๋ค์ ์ ์ ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ
์ฑ๋๋ฅผ ์ธก์ ํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ๋ค์ํ ํ ์คํธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์๋ค. ์๋ฅผ ๋ค๋ฉด,
์ฐ๊ตฌ์ง์ ๊ทธ๋ค์ด ์๊ฐ์ ์ธ ์๊ทน์ ๋ฐ์ํ์ฌ ์ผ๋ง๋ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒ
๋ฒํผ์ ๋๋ฅด๋์ง ์คํํ๋ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ ์ด ์ ์ ์๊ฐ ์งง์ ์ฌ๋๋ค
์ด ๊ทธ ์ ์ ์๊ฐ ๊ธด ์ฌ๋๋ค๋ณด๋ค ์ ์ด ๋ชจ์๋ผ๊ฑฐ๋ ์์ง ์์๋
ํจ์ฌ ๋ ์ํ๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ฐํ๋๋ค. ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ง์ ์๋ฉด์ ์กฐ์ ํ๋
Period 3 ์ ์ ์์ ๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ ๊ธด ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ๋๋๊ฐ ์ ๋์๊ฐ๊ธฐ
์ํด๋๋ง์์ ์ํ์๋กํ๋ค๊ณ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๋ด๋ ธ๋ค.
| ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ |
What has always perplexed researchers is why
people have these different requirements. / What
they are now discovering is that our need for
sleep has a genetic component.
๋๋ฌธ์ฅ์์ฃผ์ด what์ , ๋์ฌ is, ๋ณด์ด๋ก๊ฐ๊ฐ why์ ๊ณผ
that์ ์ ์ทจํ๊ณ ์๋ค.
one gene, the โclock gene,โ affects how well a
person functions without sleep
one gene๊ณผ the โclock geneโ์๋๊ฒฉ์ด๋ฉฐ๋์ฌ
affects์ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด๋ก๊ฐ์ ์๋ฌธ๋ฌธ์ด์จํํ์ด๋ค.
The forms (that) a person has / depend on /
what he or she inherited from his or her parents.
(that) a person has๋ ์ฃผ์ด The forms๋ฅผ ์์ํ๋ฉฐ, ๋
์ฌ๋ depend on, ๋ชฉ์ ์ด๋ก what์ ์ด ์จ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ด๋ค.
Quiz
1. ์ด ๊ฝ๋ค์์ ๊ฝ๋ค๋ณด๋ค๋์์์ง๋์๋ค.
โ These flowers are not less beautiful than
those flowers.
2. ๋ง์ ํ๊ฒฉ์์นผ์ํ๊ฒฉ๋ณด๋คํจ์ฌ๋์ฌํ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์์ค๋ค.
โ A blow with a word strikes even deeper than
a blow with a sword.
What has always perplexed researchers is why
people have these different requirements.
What๊ณผ ๋๊ฒฉ์ธ๊ฒ์์ฐ์์ค.
โ ๋๊ฒฉ: why people have these different
requirements
- ๋๊ฒฉ์์ฃผ์ด์๋์ ํ์ฌ๋ฌธ์ฅ์๋ค์์ฐ์์ค.
โ Why people have these different
requirements has always perplexed
researchers.
<๋ฌธ์ฅ์๊ตฌ์กฐ>
์ฃผ์ด โ What has always perplexed researchers ๋์ฌ โ is ๋ณด์ด โ why people have these different
requirements
1. Bill was up all night cramming for a biology test
at school. (๋ฐค์ ๋ฒผ๋ฝ์น๊ธฐ๊ณต๋ถ๋ฅผํ๋๋ผ๊นจ์ด์์๋ค)
2. What they are now discovering is that our need
for sleep has a genetic component. (์ด์ ๊ทธ๋ค์ด๋ฐ๊ฒฌํ๊ณ ์๋๊ฒ์)
3. Researchers have recently discovered that one
gene, the โclock gene,โ affects how well a
person functions without sleep. (์ฌ๋์ด์ผ๋ง๋์์์ง์ด๋์งO`์๋ํ๋์งPฬ)
WRITING
STRUCTURE
GRAMMAR
Passage11
Answer Keys 27
4. The forms a person has depend on what he or
she inherited from his or her parents. (์ฌ๋์ด๊ฐ์ง๋ํํ๋ค์)
5. In a recent study, scientists studied test
subjects who had stayed awake for 40 hours
straight. (40์๊ฐ๋์์ค๊ณง๊นจ์ด์์๋)
| ์ ๋ต |
1. โก
2. ์ฐ๊ด์์ด๋ณด์ด๋๋์ธ๊ฐ์ง์ด์ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ๋์์์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ
๋ค. / ์ด์ผ๊ธฐ์์๋๋ค๋ฅธ์ด์ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ์ ๊ฐํด๋๊ฐ๋ค. /
๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋๋๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ํ์๊ณผํ์ฌ๋ฅผ์ค๊ฐ๋ฉฐ์ด์ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ์ ๊ฐ
ํ๋ค.
3. ์ผ๊ด๋์ฃผ์ ๋ฅผ์ ์งํ๋ค.
4. โฃ
| ํด์ค |
1. ์ฌ๊ฑด๋ค์ด ๋ ์๊ฐ ์ด์ ์ ๋ง์ถ ์ ์๋๋ก ํน๋ณํ ์ฅ์์์
์ ๋ง ํน๋ณํ ์๊ฐ์ ํ ์์์ ์ผ์ด๋๋ค๊ณ ๋์ด ์์ผ๋ฏ๋ก
โก Each story should not have many different
settings.(๊ฐ๊ฐ์ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐ์๋ ๋ง์ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์
์ง๋ง์์ผํ๋ค.)๊ฐ ์ ๋ต์ด๋ค.
๋ ๋ฒ์งธ๋จ๋ฝ์๋ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ๋ค์ ์ค์ฌ์ค์ธ๊ฒ์?
โ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์์ด์ผ๊ธฐ๋ํ๋์ฉ์ ๊ฐ๋์ด์ผํ๋ค.
โข ๋ฑ์ฅ์ธ๋ฌผ๋ค์ ์๋ก ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐ๋ค ์์์ ์ข ์ข ๋ค์์ฌ
์๋ค.
โฃ ๋ค๋ฅธ์ด์ผ๊ธฐ๋ค์๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์๋์ผํ๋ค.
โค ๋ค๋ฅธ์ด์ผ๊ธฐ๋ค์ด๋งค์ฐ๋น์ทํ์ฌ๊ฑด์ํฌํจํ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
2. ์ด ์ One, Another, Novelists also alter ~์ ์์
๋ก complex narrative๋ฅผ ๋ง๋๋ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ์ค๋ช ํ๋ ์ด
๋ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒ์งธ๋จ๋ฝ์์๋์ฐ๊ด์์ด๋ณด์ด๋๋์ธ๊ฐ์ง์ด์ผ
๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋์์ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ๋ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ, ๋ ๋ฒ์งธ ๋จ๋ฝ์์๋ ์ด์ผ
๊ธฐ ์์ ๋ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ฐํด ๋๊ฐ๋ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ, ์ธ ๋ฒ์งธ
๋จ๋ฝ์์๋ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋๋ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ ํ์๊ณผ ํ์ฌ๋ฅผ ์ค๊ฐ๋ฉฐ ์ด์ผ
๊ธฐ๋ฅผ์ ๊ฐํ๋๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ด์๊ฐ๋์ด์๋ค.
3. ์ฒซ ๋ฒ์งธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ the stories must be connected
thematically, ๋ ๋ฒ์งธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ The stories are tied
together not only by a protagonist but by thematic
unity, ์ธ ๋ฒ์งธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ was able to maintain the
theme of the story๋ก ๋ณด์ ์ด ์ ์๊ฐ๋ 3๊ฐ์ง ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ
์๊ณตํต์ ์์ผ๊ด๋์ฃผ์ ๋ฅผ์ ์งํ๋๊ฒ์์์์์๋ค.
4. protagonist๋ใ์ฃผ์ญ, ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณตใ์ด๋ผ๋ ๋ป์ด๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ฏ๋ก
โฃ leading character์ ๋ฐ๊พธ์ด ์ธ ์ ์๋ค. ์๋ถ๋ถ์
the central characters ~ are the same์์ ๊ทธ ๋ป์
์ ์ถํ ์์๋ค.
โ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐ์๋ ์ โก์ด์ผ๊ธฐ์์ฒด
โข์ด์ผ๊ธฐ์๊ฐ โค์ด์ผ๊ธฐ์๋ฐฐ์ญ
| ๋ณธ๋ฌธ |
Novelists use many complex narrative structuresto build tension and make stories moreinteresting for readers. And there are severalauthorial methods of achieving this.
One narrative structure or writing techniqueinvolves telling two or three different, seeminglyunrelated stories, at the same time. Each storyhas different characters and is set in a differentlocation. As a result, the jumping back and forthamongst the settings and characters can causeconfusion for readers. Therefore time and placeare usually clearly defined: events often occurwithin a very specific time frame in a specificlocale to keep the reader focused. While thecharacters and locales in each story are notintermingled, the stories must be connectedthematically.
Another complex narrative structure is the storywithin a story in which one central character isinvolved in several stories at the same time.While the central characters and the setting arethe same in each story, different events areunfolding in each story. The stories are tiedtogether not only by a protagonist but bythematic unity. Don Quixote is thought to be thefirst novel which employed this technique.
Novelists also alter the traditional time frame inorder to make stories more interesting. The timeframe can be altered by adding flashbacks. Or,as it was done by Emily Bronte in WutheringHeights, the whole story can move backward
28 Aim High Reading | Level 3-A
and then forward, again and again, unfolding acompelling and intriguing drama. By using thecomplex narrative structure, Bronte was able toshow how the past and the present areintermingled, and was able to maintain thetheme of the story while adding interest byadding complication.
| ํด์ |
์์ค๊ฐ๋ค์ ๋ ์๋ค์ ์ํด ๊ธด์ฅ๊ฐ์ ๋ง๋ค์ด๋ด๊ณ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋
์ฑ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒ ๋ง๋ค๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ฌ๋ฌ ๋ณต์กํ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํ
๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ด๊ฒ์์ด๋ฃจ์ด๋ด๋์๊ฐ์ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ๋ค์ด๋ช๊ฐ์ง์๋ค.
(๊ทธ ์ค) ํ ๊ฐ์ง ์ด์ผ๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋๋ ์งํ ๊ธฐ์ ์ ๊ฒ๋ณด๊ธฐ์๋
์ฐ๊ด์ด ์๋ ๋์ธ ๊ฐ์ง ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐ๋ค์ ๋์์ ๋ค๋ฃจ๋ ๊ฒ์ด
๋ค. ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐ๋ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๋ฑ์ฅ์ธ๋ฌผ๋ค์ด ์๊ณ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ด
์ค์ ๋๋ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋ฑ์ฅ์ธ๋ฌผ๋ค ์ฌ์ด๋ฅผ ๋๋๋๋ ๊ฒ์
๋ ์์๊ฒ ํผ๋์ ๊ฐ์ ธ๋ค์ค ์ ์๋ค. ๊ทธ๋์ ์ผ๋ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ์๊ฐ
๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ฐ์ด ๋ช ํํ๊ฒ ํ์ ๋๋ค. ์ฆ ์ข ์ข ์ฌ๊ฑด์ ๋ ์๊ฐ ์ด์
์ ๋ง์ถ ์ ์๋๋ก ํน๋ณํ ์ฅ์์์ ์ ๋ง ํน๋ณํ ์๊ฐ์ ํ
์์์ ์ผ์ด๋๋ค. ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ ๋ฑ์ฅ์ธ๋ฌผ๋ค๊ณผ ์ฅ์๋ค์ ์์ด์ง ์
์ง๋ง, ์ด์ผ๊ธฐ๋์ฃผ์ ์์ผ๋ก๋์ฐ๊ฒฐ๋์ด์์ด์ผํ๋ค.
๋ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๋ณต์กํ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ ํ ์ค์ฌ ๋ฑ์ฅ์ธ๋ฌผ์ด ๋์์
์ฌ๋ฌ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐ์ ๊ด๋ จ๋์ด ์๋ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐ ์์ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐ์ด๋ค. ๊ฐ
์ด์ผ๊ธฐ ์์์ ์ค์ฌ ๋ฑ์ฅ์ธ๋ฌผ๋ค๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ ๋์ผํ ๋ฐ๋ฉด, ๊ฐ
์ด์ผ๊ธฐ ์์์ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฌ๊ฑด๋ค์ด ํผ์ณ์ง๊ณ ์๋ค. ๊ทธ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐ๋ค์
์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์ ์ํด์๋ฟ๋ง ์๋๋ผ ์ฃผ์ ์ ์ธ ํต์ผ์ ์ํด์๋ ์๋ก
๋ฌถ์ฌ ์๋ค. ๋ํคํธํ ๊ฐ ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ์ด ์ฌ์ฉ๋ ์ฒซ ๋ฒ์งธ ์์ค์ด๋ผ
๊ณ ์๊ฐ๋๋ค.
์์ค๊ฐ๋ค์ ๋ํ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์๊ฒ ํ๊ธฐ ์ํด์ ์ ํต์
์ธ์๊ฐ์๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ๋ฐ๊พธ๊ธฐ๋ํ๋ค. ์๊ฐ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ ํ๋์๋ฐฑ(๊ณผ
๊ฑฐ ํ์ ์ฅ๋ฉด์ผ๋ก์ ์ ํ)์ ๋ํจ์ผ๋ก์จ ๋ฐ๋ ์ ์๋ค. ์ฆ,
์ ๋ฆฌ ๋ธ๋ก ํ ๊ฐ ์ดใํญํ์ ์ธ๋ใ์์ ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ๊ฒ์ฒ๋ผ, ์ด์ผ
๊ธฐ ์ ์ฒด๊ฐ ์๋ค๋ก ๋ฐ๋ณตํ์ฌ ์๋ค๊ฐ๋ค ํ๋ฉด์, ๊ฐ๋ ฅํ๊ฒ ํฅ๋ฏธ
๋ฅผ ๋์ฐ๋ ๋๋ผ๋ง๋ก ํผ์ณ์ง ์ ์๋ค. ๊ทธ ๋ณต์กํ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ
๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํจ์ผ๋ก์จ, ๋ธ๋ก ํ ๋ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ ํ์ฌ๊ฐ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ์๋ก ์ฐ๊ฒฐ
๋์ด ์๋์ง๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ฌ ์ค ์ ์์๊ณ , ๋ณต์กํจ์ ๋ํจ์ผ๋ก์จ ํฅ
๋ฏธ๋ฅผ๋ํ๋ฉด์์ด์ผ๊ธฐ์์ฃผ์ ๋ฅผ์ ์ง์์ผ๋๊ฐ์์์๋ค.
| ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ |
While the characters and locales in each story
are not intermingled / the stories must be
connected thematically / The time frame can be
altered by adding flashbacks. / as it was done
by Emily Bronte in Wuthering Heights
๋ชจ๋ํ์๋ฅผ๋นํ๋์๋ํ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ด๋ค.
the whole story can move backward and then
forward, again and again, unfolding a compelling
and intriguing drama
unfolding ์ดํ๋๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ด๋ค.
Quiz
1. ์ธํฐ๋ท์์ธ๊ณ๋ฅผํ๋์์ธ๊ณ์ ์ฌํ๋ก๋ง๋ค๊ณ ์๋ค.
โ The Internet is making the world a global
society.
2. ๋๋ ๋์์๋ง์ด์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ๋ค์์์์๋ผ๋๊ธฐ๋ฅผ๋ฐ๋๋ค.
โ I want my hope to grow in you.
One narrative structure or writing technique
involves telling two or three different, seemingly
unrelated stories, at the same time.
stories๋ฅผ ์์ํ๋๋ง๋ค์๋ชจ๋์ฐ์์ค.
โ two or three different
โ seemingly unrelated
โ ํด์: ๋์ธ๊ฐ์ง๋ค๋ฅธ, ๊ฒ๋ณด๊ธฐ์๋์ฐ๊ด์ด์๋์ด์ผ
๊ธฐ๋ค
<๋ฌธ์ฅ์๊ตฌ์กฐ>
์ฃผ์ด โ One narrative structure or writing
technique ๋์ฌ โ involves ๋ชฉ์ ์ด โ telling two or three different,
seemingly unrelated stories(์ ์น์ฌ๊ตฌ) โ at the same time
1. Each story has different characters and is set in
a different location. (๋ค๋ฅธ ๋ฑ์ฅ์ธ๋ฌผ๋ค์๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์๋ค)
2. While the characters and locales in each story
are not intermingled, the stories must be
connected thematically. (์ฃผ์ ์์ผ๋ก๋์ฐ๊ฒฐ๋์ด์์ด์ผํ๋ค)
3. The stories are tied together not only by a
protagonist but by thematic unity. (์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์์ํด์๋ฟ๋ง์๋๋ผ)
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STRUCTURE
GRAMMAR
Answer Keys 29
4. The time frame can be altered by adding
flashbacks. (~ํจ์ผ๋ก์จ๋ฐ๋์์๋ค)
5. Bronte was able to show how the past and the
present are intermingled. (๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ํ์ฌ๊ฐ์ด๋ป๊ฒ์์ฌ์๋์ง)
| ์ ๋ต |
1. โ / โฃ
2. ํ๋ฉด์ธํ ์ฑ์๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ๊ฐ๋์๋ฐ๋ผ๋ณด ๋ค์๋ณด ๋คํ
๊ธฐ๋๋ฌธ์
3. ์์น๊ธฐ์์ฑ์๊ถค๋๊ฐ๊น์ด๋ ๋์๋ค๋๋๋ฌผ์ง์ด๊ณ ๋ฆฌ
๋ก๋ค์๋๋ ค๋ณด๋ด์ง๊ฑฐ๋์์ฑ๊ทธ์์ฒด๋ก๋๋ ค๋ค์ด๊ฐ๊ธฐ
๋๋ฌธ์
4. โฃ
| ํด์ค |
1. โ Titan is the only moon in the solar system that
is bigger than Mercury.(ํ์ดํ์ ์์ฑ๋ณด๋ค ํฐ ํ์๊ณ
์์ ์ ์ผํ ์์ฑ์ด๋ค.)์ ์ธ๊ธ์ ์๋ค. โฃ There are
many small shepherd moons that are orbiting the
moon Titan.(์์ฑ ํ์ดํ์ ์ฃผ์๋ฅผ ๋๊ณ ์๋ ๋ง์ ์์
์์น๊ธฐ์์ฑ๋ค์ด์๋ค.)์ ์์น๊ธฐ์์ฑ๋ค์ํ์ดํ์ด์๋
๋ผํ ์ฑ์์์ฑ์ด๋ค.
๋ค์ ์ค์ณ์ง์์๊ฒ์? (2๊ฐ)
โก ํ์ดํ์ ์ง์ ๋๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์๊ณ ์ง์ ์๊ฐ๋ก ์ธ์ฌ
์๋ค.
โข ํ์ดํ์ ๋๊ธฐ๋ ์๋ช ์ด ์์๋๊ธฐ ์ ์ ์ง๊ตฌ์ ๋๊ธฐ์
๋งค์ฐ๋น์ทํ๋ค.
โค ํ์ดํ์ ๊ธฐํ๋ ์ง๊ตฌ์ ๊ธฐํ์ ๋น์ทํ๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ด ๋ฐํ
์ก๋ค.
2. ์ฒซ ๋ฒ์งธ ๋จ๋ฝ ๋ง์ง๋ง ๋ฌธ์ฅ At certain angles the rings
are invisible, while at other angles they are clearly
visible.์ ํ ์ฑ์ด ๋๋๋ก ๋ค๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋ณด์ด๋ ์ด์ ๊ฐ ๋ํ๋
์๋ค. ์ฆ, ํ๋ฉด์ธ ํ ์ฑ์ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ๊ฐ๋์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๋ณด ๋ค ์๋ณด
๋คํ๊ธฐ๋๋ฌธ์ด๋ค.
3. ์์น๊ธฐ ์์ฑ๋ค์ด ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ ๊ฐ์ฅ์๋ฆฌ ์ค๊ณฝ์ ๋๋ ทํ๊ฒ ํ๋
๋ฐ, ๊ทธ ์ด์ ๋ material that drifts closer to the
shepherd moonsโorbits is either deflected back
into the body of the rings or pulled into the
moons themselves์ ๋ํ๋ ์๋ค. ์ฆ, ์์น๊ธฐ ์์ฑ ๊ถค
๋ ๊ฐ๊น์ด ๋ ๋์๋ค๋๋ ๋ฌผ์ง์ด ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋ก ๋ค์ ๋๋ ค๋ณด๋ด์ง
๊ฑฐ๋ ์์ฑ ๊ทธ ์์ฒด๋ก ๋๋ ค๋ค์ด๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ๋ ์ข
์์ง๊ฑฐ๋ ๋ํ์ง์ง ์๊ณ ๊ท ํ์ ์ด๋ฃจ๋ฉฐ ์ ๋ช ํ ์ธ๊ณฝ์ ์
์ง๋๊ณ ์๋๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
์์น๊ธฐ ์์ฑ๋ค์ด ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ ๊ฐ์ฅ์๋ฆฌ ์ค๊ณฝ์ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋๋ ทํ
๊ฒํ๋๊ฐ? (์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง๋ก)
4. Itโs covered with white ice that reflects sunlightlike freshly fallen snow.์์ ๋ต์ ์ฐพ์ ์ ์๋ค. ์์ผ
๋ผ๋์ค๊ฐ ๋น๋๋ ์ด์ ๋ โฃ the surface with white ice
that reflects sunlight(ํ์๋น์ ๋ฐ์ฌํ๋ ํ์ ์ผ์์ผ๋ก
๋ฎ์ฌ์๋ํ๋ฉด)์ด๋ค.
๋ค์ ์ค์์ผ๋ผ๋์ค๊ฐ๋น๋๋์ด์ ๋ก์ธ๊ธ๋๊ฒ์?
โ ํ์์ฒ๋ผ๋ฐ์ํ๋ฉด์์ ๋ฐ
โก๋๋ถ๋ถ์ํ์๋น์๋ฐ์ฌํ๋๊นจ๋ํ๊ฒ๋จ์ด์ง๋๋
โข๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์ฃผ(ๅท) ํ๋๋งํผ๋์ํ๋ฉด
โค๊นจ๋ํ๋์ผ๋ก๋ฎ์ฌ์๋ํ๋ฉด
| ๋ณธ๋ฌธ |
Galileo Galilei, who was the first to use atelescope, wondered why Saturn sometimeslooked different. Astronomers have now proventhat the answer lies in the angle at which weview the plane of rings. At certain angles therings are invisible, while at other angles they areclearly visible.
Astronomers are fascinated not only by Saturnโsrings, but also by the 34 known moons,especially Titan, the largest moon orbitingSaturn. Bigger than Mercury and Pluto, Titan isintriguing because it is cloaked in a thick, smog-like haze and has its own atmosphere. Scientistsbelieve that the atmosphere of early Earth wassimilar in composition to the current atmosphereon Titan. The climate, including wind and rain,creates surface features that are similar to thoseon Earth and l ike Earth, is dominated byseasonal weather patterns.
There are several small moons orbiting Saturnas well. A few, such as Pan, Atlas, Prometheus,and Pandora, which orbit near the outer edges
Passage12
30 Aim High Reading | Level 3-A
of the rings or within gaps in the rings are knownas โshepherd moons.โ The gravity of shepherdmoons serves to maintain a sharply definededge to the rings; material that drifts closer tothe shepherd moonsโ orbits is either deflectedback into the body of the rings or pulled into themoons themselves.
One moon, Enceladus, is one of the shiniestobjects in the solar system. Itโs covered withwhite ice that reflects sunlight like freshly fallensnow. Itโs about as wide as Arizona. Anotherinteresting moon orbiting Saturn is calledIapetus which has two distinct halves. One is asblack as asphalt and the other is as bright assnow. All of Saturnโs moons are unique andintriguing science targets.
| ํด์ |
๊ฐ๋ฆด๋ ์ค ๊ฐ๋ฆด๋ ์ด๋ ๋ง์๊ฒฝ์ ์ฌ์ฉํ ์ฒซ ๋ฒ์งธ ์ฌ๋์ด์๋
๋ฐ, ํ ์ฑ์ ์ ๊ฐ๋ ๋ค๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋ณด์ด๋์ง ๊ถ๊ธํดํ๋ค. ์ฒ๋ฌธํ์๋ค
์ ์ด์ ๊ทธ ํด๋ต์ด ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ ํ๋ฉด์ ๋ณผ ๋์ ๊ฐ๋์ ๋ฌ
๋ ค ์๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ์๊ฒ ๋์๋ค. ์ด๋ค ๊ฐ๋์์๋ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ๋ณด์ฌ
์ง์ง์๋๋ฐ๋ฉด, ๋ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ๋์์๋๋ถ๋ช ํ๊ฒ๋ณด์ด๋๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
์ฒ๋ฌธํ์๋ค์ ํ ์ฑ์ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋ฟ ์๋๋ผ, ๋ํ 34๊ฐ์ ์๋ ค์ง ์
์ฑ, ํนํ ํ ์ฑ์ ๊ถค๋๋ฅผ ๋๋ ๊ฐ์ฅ ํฐ ์์ฑ์ธ ํ์ดํ์ ๋งค๋ฃ
๋์ด ์๋ค. ์์ฑ๊ณผ ๋ช ์์ฑ๋ณด๋ค ๋ ํฐ, ํ์ดํ์ ๋๊บผ์ด ์ค๋ชจ
๊ทธ ๊ฐ์ ์๊ฐ๋ก ๋ฎ์ฌ ์๊ณ ์์ฒด ๋๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์
ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๋ค. ๊ณผํ์๋ค์ ์ด๊ธฐ ์ง๊ตฌ์ ๋๊ธฐ๊ฐ ํ์ดํ์ ํ์ฌ ๋
๊ธฐ์ ๊ตฌ์ฑ๊ณผ ๋น์ทํ๋ค๊ณ ๋ฏฟ๋๋ค. ๋ฐ๋๊ณผ ๋น๋ฅผ ํฌํจํ๋ ๊ธฐํ
๋ ์ง๊ตฌ์ ํ๋ฉด ํน์ง๋ค๊ณผ ๋น์ทํ ํ๋ฉด ํน์ง๋ค์ ๋ง๋ค์ด๋ด๊ณ ,
์ง๊ตฌ์ฒ๋ผ๊ณ์ ์ ๊ธฐํํจํด์ํน์์์ง๋๊ณ ์๋ค.
ํ ์ฑ ๊ถค๋๋ฅผ ๋๋ ๋ช๋ช ์์ ์์ฑ๋ค๋ ์๋ค. ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ๊ณฝ ๋
๊ทผ์ฒ๋ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ ์ฌ์ด์ ํ์ ์์์ ๊ถค๋๋ฅผ ๋๋ ํ, ์ํ๋ผ์ค,
ํ๋ก๋ฉํ ์ฐ์ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ํ๋๋ผ์ฒ๋ผ ์์ ๋ช๋ช์โ์์น๊ธฐ ์
์ฑโ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ์๋ ค์ ธ ์๋ค. ์์น๊ธฐ ์์ฑ๋ค์ ์ค๋ ฅ์ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ ๊ฐ
์ฅ์๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ์ค๊ณฝ์ด ๋๋ ทํ๊ฒ ์ ์ง๋๋๋ก ํ๋๋ฐ, ์์น๊ธฐ ์์ฑ
์ ๊ถค๋ ๊ฐ๊น์ด๋ฅผ ๋ ๋๋ ๋ฌผ์ง์ด ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋ก ๋ค์ ๋๋ ค๋ณด๋ด์ง๊ฑฐ
๋์์ฑ๊ทธ์์ฒด๋ก๋๋ ค๋ค์ด๊ฐ๊ธฐ๋๋ฌธ์ด๋ค.
์์ผ๋ผ๋์ค๋ผ๋ ์์ฑ์ ํ์๊ณ์์ ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋ฐ์ ๋ฌผ์ง๋ค ์ค์
ํ๋์ด๋ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒ์ ๊นจ๋ํ๊ฒ ๋จ์ด์ง๋ ๋์ฒ๋ผ ํ์๋น์ ๋ฐ์ฌ
ํ๋ ํ์ ์ผ์์ผ๋ก ๋ฎ์ฌ ์๋ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒ์ ์ ๋ฆฌ์กฐ๋ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋งํ๋ค.
ํ ์ฑ์ ๋๋ ๋ ๋ค๋ฅธ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ก์ด ์์ฑ์ ๋๋ ทํ๊ฒ ๊ตฌ๋ถ๋๋ ๋
๊ฐ์ ์ ๋ฐ์ผ๋ก ๋๋์ด์ง ์ด์ํํฌ์ค๋ผ๊ณ ๋ถ๋ฆฌ๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. ํ
์ชฝ์ ์์คํํธ์ฒ๋ผ ์ด๋ก๊ณ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐ ์ชฝ์ ๋์ฒ๋ผ ํํ๋ค. ํ
์ฑ์์์ฑ๋ชจ๋๋ํน๋ณํ๊ณ ํธ๊ธฐ์ฌ์์์๋ด๋๊ณผํ๋์์ด๋ค.
| ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ |
Galileo Galilei wondered why Saturn sometimes
looked different.
wonder์ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด๋ก๊ฐ์ ์๋ฌธ๋ฌธ why์ ์ด์๋ค. ๊ฐ์ ์๋ฌธ
๋ฌธ์์ด์์ <์๋ฌธ์ฌ+์ฃผ์ด+๋์ฌ>์์์ ์ํ๋ค.
At certain angles the rings are invisible, while at
other angles they are clearly visible.
๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋์น๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ด๋ค. ์๋ The rings are invisible at
certain angles, while they are clearly visible at
other angles.์์ ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๊ฐ์์ผ๋ก๋๊ฐ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. ์ฃผ์ด์
๋์ฌ์์ด์์๋ฐ๋์ง์์๋ค.
Quiz
1. ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋์์ง๋งํผ์ฌํ๊ฒ์ค์ผ๋์๋ค.
โ The air is as badly polluted as the water.
2. ์ด๋ค ๋ฌธ์ ์๋ํ๋ต์์๋๊ฒ์๊ทธ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ์ดํดํ๋๊ฒ
๋งํผ์ค์ํ์ง์๋ค.
โ Knowing the answer to a question is not as
OsoPimportant as understanding the
question.
A few, such as Pan, Atlas, Prometheus, and
Pandora, which orbit near the outer edges of the
rings or within gaps in the rings are known as
โshepherd moons.โ
a few์ ์๋ก์ธ๊ธ๋๊ฒ์?
โ Pan, Atlas, Prometheus, and Pandora
a few๋ ์ด๋ค์์ฑ๋ค์๋งํ๋๊ฐ?
โ which orbit near the outer edges of the rings
or within gaps in the rings
โ ํด์: ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์์ธ๊ฐ๋๊ทผ์ฒ๋๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋ค์ฌ์ด์์๊ณต์
ํ๋๋ช๋ช์์ฑ๋ค
<๋ฌธ์ฅ์๊ตฌ์กฐ>
์ฃผ์ด โ A few, such as Pan, Atlas, Prometheus,
and Pandora, which orbit ~ in the rings๋์ฌ โ are
STRUCTURE
GRAMMAR
Answer Keys 31
๋ณด์ด โ known (์ ์น์ฌ๊ตฌ)โ as โshepherd moonsโ
1. Galileo Galilei, who was the first to use a
telescope, wondered why Saturn sometimes
looked different. (ํ ์ฑ์ด์๊ฐ๋๋ค๋ฅด๊ฒ๋ณด ๋์ง)
2. At certain angles the rings are invisible, while at
other angles they are clearly visible. (์ด๋ค ๊ฐ๋์์๋๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ๋ณด์ด์ง์๋๋ค)
3. Scientists believe that the atmosphere of early
Earth was similar in composition to the current
atmosphere on Titan. (๊ตฌ์ฑ์์์ด์๋น์ทํ๋ค)
4. The climate creates surface features that are
similar to those on Earth. (์ง๊ตฌ์๊ทธ๊ฒ๋ค(ํน์ง๋ค)๊ณผ ๋น์ทํ)
5. One is as black as asphalt and the other is as
bright as snow. (๋ค๋ฅธ ํ์ชฝ์๋์ฒ๋ผํํ๋ค)
| A |01. ๊ฐ๋
02. ๋ฒผ๋ฝ์น๊ธฐ๋ก๊ณต๋ถํ๋ค
03. ๋ณ๊ฐ์, ๋ค๋ฅธ
04. ์ฐ์ธํ๋ค, ํน์์ง์ฐ๋ค
05. ๋ถ์ ํํ
06. ๋ฌผ๋ ค๋ฐ๋ค
07. ํธ๊ธฐ์ฌ์์์๋ด๋
08. ํ๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ
09. ๋ช ์์ฑ
10. ์ฃผ์ญ, ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต
11. ๋ง์๊ฒฝ
12. ํผ์น๋ค, ๋ฒ๋ฆฌ๋ค
WRITING
| B |01. at some angles
02. unfold the newspaper
03. imprecise information
04. a protagonist of a modern play
05. Habits are inherited.
06. We are distinct from animals.
| C |01. intriguing
02. telescope
03. microscope
04. cramming
05. dominate
06. Pluto
| D |01. โ
02. โ
03. โข
04. โก
05. โข
06. โก
07. โ
08. โก
09. โก
10. โก
Review
32 Aim High Reading | Level 3-A
Chapter 04
Vocabulary Pre-check
active ํนํจ์๋
acute ๊ธ์ฑ์, ๋ ์นด๋ก์ด
astronomer ์ฒ๋ฌธํ์
bark ๊ป์ง
compound ํฉ์ฑ๋ฌผ, ํผํฉ๋ฌผ
conscious ์์์, ์์์๋
contract ์์ถํ๋ค
craft ๊ธฐ์
demonstrate ์ฆ๋ช ํ๋ค
disorder ์ฅ์ , ์ด์
diverse ๋ค์ํ
drastic ๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํ, ๊ฐ๋ ฌํ
dyeing ์ผ์
effect ์ด๋ํ๋ค, ๊ฐ์ ธ์ค๋ค
emission ๋ฐ์ฐ
emit ๋ฐ์ฐํ๋ค
endeavor ๋ ธ๋ ฅ, ์๋
eventually ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์
expand ํฝ์ฐฝํ๋ค
expertise ์ ๋ฌธ๊ธฐ์
fabric ์ง๋ฌผ
fungus ๋ฒ์ฏ, ๊ท ๋ฅ
hydrogen ์์
hypnosis ์ต๋ฉด(์ )
hypnotherapy ์ต๋ฉด์๋ฒ
illuminate ๋น์ถ๋ค, ๊ด์ฑ๋ฅผ๋ํ๋ค
inevitably ๋ถ๊ฐํผํ๊ฒ, ํ์คํ
ingredient ์ฑ๋ถ
irritate ์๊ทนํ๋ค, ์ผ์ฆ์์ผ์ผํค๋ค
lighthearted ์พํํ, ๋ง์ ํธํ
liken ๋น์ ํ๋ค, ๊ฒฌ์ฃผ๋ค
manufacture ์ ์กฐ(ํ๋ค)
microbe ๋ฏธ์๋ฌผ, ์ธ๊ท
nebula ์ฑ์ด
nitrogen ์ง์
oxygen ์ฐ์
paralysis ๋ง๋น
pay attention to ~์์ฃผ์๋ฅผ๊ธฐ์ธ์ด๋ค
penetrate ์นจํฌํ๋ค, ๊ดํตํ๋ค
pharmaceutical ์ ์ฝ์
planetary ํ์ฑ์
potential ์ ์ฌ์ ์ธ, ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ์ด์๋
prevail ์ฐ์ธํ๋ค, ์ด๊ธฐ๋ค
prevalent ๋๋ฆฌ๋ณด๊ธ๋
psychologically ์ฌ๋ฆฌํ์ ์ผ๋ก
relieve ๋๋ค, ๊ฐ๋ผ์ํ๋ค
remnant ์์กด๋ฌผ, ๋๋จธ์ง
represent ๋ํ๋ด๋ค, ํ์ํ๋ค
rheumatism ๋ฅ๋จธํฐ์ฆ
snowflake ๋์ก์ด
subconscious ์ ์ฌ์์(์)
suspect ์์ฌ(ํ๋ค)
synonymous ๋์์ด์, ๊ฐ์ ๋ป์
synthesize ํฉ์ฑํ๋ค
take up ~์์ฐฉ์ํ๋ค
trance ํผ์์ํ
trick ๋ง์ , ์ฅ๋, ์์์
ultraviolet ์์ธ์
weaving ์ง์กฐ
willow ๋ฒ๋๋๋ฌด
| ์ ๋ต |
1. โก / โค
2. craft / expertise
3. ์ฐ์ต์ํตํด๋ฐฐ์ธ์์๋ค. / ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์ด์ค๋ฝ์ผ๋ก์ฌ์ฉ๋
์์๋ค.
4. โก
| ํด์ค |
1. ์ต๋ฉด์ ๊ณผํ์ด๊ณ ๊ธฐ์ ์ผ ์ ์๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์ด ์ ์ฃผ๋ ๋ด
์ฉ์ด๋ฏ๋ก, โก Hypnosis is merely a trick which some
Passage13
Answer Keys 33
skilled people can play.(์ต๋ฉด์ ์๋ จ๋ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ํํ
์ ์๋ ๋จ์ํ ๋ง์ ์ด๋ค.)์ ์ณ์ง ์๋ค. ๋ํ โค Many
scientists hesitate to accept hypnosis as part of
any scientific field.(๋ง์ ๊ณผํ์๋ค์ด ์ต๋ฉด์ ๊ณผํ ๋ถ์ผ
์์ผ์ข ์ผ๋ก๋ฐ์๋ค์ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ์ฃผ์ ํ๋ค.)๋ ์ธ๊ธ๋์ง์์๋ค.
๋ค์์ค์ณ์ง์์๊ฒ์? (2๊ฐ)
โ ์ต๋ฉด์ ๋ค์ํ ์ ์ ์ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ์น๋ฃํ๊ธฐ
์ํด์ฌ์ฉ๋ ์์๋ค.
โข ์ด๋ค ์ฌ๋์ด๋ผ๋ ์ฐ์ต์ ํตํด ์ต๋ฉด์ ๊ฑธ ์ ์๋ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ
์์ตํ์์๋ค.
โฃ ์ต๋ฉด์ํ๋์ ํฅ์๋ฏธ์น๋์ ์ฌ์์์๋ค๋ฃฌ๋ค.
2. ์ฌ๊ธฐ์ art๋ใ๊ธฐ์ ใ์ ์๋ฏธ์ด๊ณ , ๋ณธ๋ฌธ์ ์ฌ์ฉ๋ ๊ฐ์ ์
๋ฏธ์๋จ์ด๋ก๋ craft, expertise๊ฐ ์๋ค.
3. ์ธ ๋ฒ์งธ ๋ฌธ๋จ์ because it can be learned through
practice as magic can๊ณผ because individuals with
the expertise can use it for lighthearted
entertainment์์ ๋ต์ ์ ์ ์๋ค. ์ฆ, Hypnosis๊ฐ
art์ธ ์ด์ ๋ ์ฐ์ต์ ํตํด ๋ฐฐ์ธ ์ ์๊ณ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์ด ์ค๋ฝ์ผ๋ก
์ฌ์ฉ๋ ์๋์๊ธฐ๋๋ฌธ์ด๋ค.
4. ์ต๋ฉด์ ์ ์ ์น๋ฃ๋ฅผ ์ํด ์ฌ์ฉ๋๋ฉด ๊ณผํ์ด๊ณ , ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์์
์ํด ์ฌ์ฉ๋๋ฉด ๊ธฐ์ ์ผ ์ ์๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์ด ์ ๋ด์ฉ์ด๋ฏ
๋ก โก Hypnosis can be either a science or a craft
depending on how it is used.(์ต๋ฉด์ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ์ด์ฉ๋
๋๋์๋ฐ๋ผ๊ณผํ์ด๋๊ธฐ์ ์ด๋ ์์๋ค.)๊ฐ ์ ๋ต์ด๋ค.
๋ค์์ค์ด ์์์ถ๋ก ํ ์์๋๊ฒ์?
โ ํ๋ฒํ ์ฌ๋์ด ์ต๋ฉด์ ์ ๋ง์คํฐํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ๊ฑฐ์ ๋ถ๊ฐ๋ฅ
ํ๋ค.
โข ์ด๋ณด์์กฐ์ฐจ๋ ๋ช ๋ฒ์ ์๋ ํ์ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ์ต๋ฉด์ ๊ฑฐ
๋๋ฐ์ฑ๊ณตํ ์์๋ค.
โฃ ์ต๋ฉด์ ๋ง์ ๊ตญ๊ฐ์์ ๋ค์ํ ๋ถ์ผ์ ์ํ์ผ๋ก ํํด์ง
๊ณ ์๋ค.
โค ์ต๋ฉด์ ์ ์ฌ์์์ ๋ฒ์ฃ ์์ฌ์ ๋์ ํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ฃผ๋ก
์ฌ์ฉ๋๋ค.
| ๋ณธ๋ฌธ |
The magician asks a member of the audience tojoin him on stage for his next trick, hypnotizingsomeone so that he or she will do somethingfunny. The audience member feeling he or shecannot be hypnotized jumps on the stage.Inevitably the magician prevails. The personfall ing into a hypnotic trance speaks and
possibly reveals something best left unrevealed.Since he is a magician, are we to think thathypnosis is a form of magic? Or is hypnosis ascientific endeavor? Perhaps it is a combinationof both these things.
Psychologically speaking, hypnotherapy is aproven method of treating various psychologicaldisorders. It can be used to control our brains sothat we alter our behavior. Research has shownthat the conscious mind is controlled by ourunconscious mind, which is really the drivingforce behind all our thoughts and behaviors.Hypnosis is a scientific method which allows usto enter the subconscious in order to reprogramdesires and effect behavior changes.
Hypnosis is also part art because it can belearned through practice as magic can.Hypnosis has been likened to playing a musicalinstrument. While we may have a talent tohypnotize, we will never be able to actually do itunless we practice it. Hypnotherapy is also acraft because individuals with the expertise canuse it for lighthearted entertainment. Stagehypnosis is practiced successfully by manyprofessionals, who manage to make peoplelaugh even while demonstrating how powerfulour subconscious really is.
| ํด์ |
๋ง์ ์ฌ๊ฐ ๊ทธ์ ๋ค์ ๋ง์ ์ ์ํด ์ฌ๋ฏธ์๋ ๋ฌด์ธ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ํ ์
์๋๋ก ๋๊ตฐ๊ฐ์๊ฒ ์ต๋ฉด์ ๊ฑธํ ๋ ๋ฌด๋์ ํจ๊ป ํด๋ฌ๋ผ๊ณ ๊ด
์ค์๊ฒ ์์ฒญํ๋ค. ์ต๋ฉด์ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ง ์์ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ ๋๋ผ๋ ํ ๊ด
์ค์ด ๋ฌด๋๋ก ๋ฐ์ด์ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ๋ค. (๊ทธ๋ฌ๋) ๋ง์ ์ฌ๋ (๊ด์ค์ ์๋
ํด) ์ต๋ฉด์ ๋น ๋จ๋ฆฐ๋ค. ์ต๋ฉด์ํ์ ๋น ์ง ๊ทธ ์ฌ๋์ ๋ง์ ํด์
๊ฐ์ถฐ๋๋ ๊ฒ ์ต์ ์ธ ๋ฌด์ธ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ๋งํ๊ฒ ๋ ์๋ ์๋ค. ๊ทธ๊ฐ ๋ง
์ ์ฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์, ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ต๋ฉด์ด ๋ง์ ์ ์ข ๋ฅ๋ผ๊ณ ์๊ฐํด์ผ
ํ๋๊ฐ? ์๋๋ฉด ์ต๋ฉด์ ๊ณผํ์ ์๋์ธ๊ฐ? ์๋ง๋ ๊ทธ๊ฒ์ ์ด
๋๊ฐ์ง๊ฐํฉ์ณ์ง๊ฒ์ผ๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
์ฌ๋ฆฌํ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋งํ๋ฉด, ์ต๋ฉด์๋ฒ์ ๋ค์ํ ์ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์ฅ์ ๋ฅผ
์น๋ฃํ๋ ์๋จ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ์ฆ๋ช ๋์๋ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒ์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ์ ๋๋ฅผ ํต์
ํด์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ํ๋์ ๋ฐ๊พธ๋ ๋ฐ์ ์ฌ์ฉ๋ ์ ์๋ค. ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ ๋ณด
์ฌ ์ฃผ๋ ๊ฒ์, ์์์ ๋ฌด์์์ ์ํด ํต์ ๋๋๋ฐ, ๋ฌด์์์
34 Aim High Reading | Level 3-A
์ฐ๋ฆฌ์ ๋ชจ๋ ์๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ๋ ๋๋จธ์์ (์์์ ๋ํ) ๊ฒฌ์ธ์ฐจ ์ญ
ํ ์ ํ๋ค. ์ต๋ฉด์ ์๋ง์ ๋ค์ ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จํ๊ณ ํ๋ ๋ณํ๋ฅผ
์ ๋ฐํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ ์ฌ์์ ์์ผ๋ก ๋ค์ด๊ฐ๊ฒ ํด ์ฃผ๋ ๊ณผ
ํ์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ด๋ค.
์ต๋ฉด์ ๋ํ ๋ง์ ์ฒ๋ผ ์ฐ์ต์ ํตํด ํ์ตํ ์ ์๋ ๊ฒ์ด๊ธฐ
๋๋ฌธ์ ๋ถ๋ถ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ธฐ์ ์ด๋ค. ์ต๋ฉด์ ์ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฐ์ฃผํ๋ ๊ฒ์
๋น์ ๋์ด ์๋ค. ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ์ต๋ฉด์ ๊ฑฐ๋ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ์ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์๋๋ผ๋,
์ฐ์ตํ์ง ์์ผ๋ฉด ์ค์ ๋ก ๊ฒฐ์ฝ ํ ์ ์์ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. ์ต๋ฉด์๋ฒ
์ ๊ทธ ์ ๋ฌธ ๊ธฐ์ ์ ์ง๋ ๊ฐ์ธ์ด ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์ด ์ค๋ฝ์ผ๋ก ์ฌ์ฉํ ์
์๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ๋ํ ๊ธฐ์ ์ด๋ค. ๋ฌด๋ ์์์์ ์ต๋ฉด์ ๋ง์ ์
๋ฌธ๊ฐ๋ค์ ์ํด ์ฑ๊ณต์ ์ผ๋ก ํํด์ง๊ณ ์๋๋ฐ, ๊ทธ ์ ๋ฌธ๊ฐ๋ค์
์ฐ๋ฆฌ์ ์ ์ฌ์์์ด ์ ๋ง ์ผ๋ง๋ ๊ฐ๋ ฅํ์ง ์ฆ๋ช ํ๋ฉด์๋ ์ฌ๋
๋ค์์๊ฒ๋ง๋ ๋ค.
| ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ |
it can be learned through practice as magic can
(be learned)
as magic can ๋ค์๋์์๋์จ be learned๊ฐ ์๋ต๋
์๋ค. ๋ฐ๋ณต๋๋์ด๊ตฌ๋์๋ต๋๋๊ฒฝํฅ์ด์๋ค.
we will never be able to actually do it unless we
practice it
์กฐ๊ฑด์ด๋์๊ฐ์๋ํ๋ด๋๋ถ์ฌ์ ์์์ ๋๋ฏธ๋๋ฅผํํ
ํ ๋ํ์ฌ์์ ๋ฅผ์ฌ์ฉํ๋ค. ๊ทธ๋์์ฃผ์ ์๋๋ฏธ๋์์กฐ๋
์ฌ will์ด ๋ํ๋์์ง๋ง, unless์ ์๋ํ์ฌ์์
practice๊ฐ ์ฐ ๋ค.
even while demonstrating how powerful our
subconscious really is
how ์ดํ๋ demonstrating์ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด์ ๋ก๊ฐ์ ์๋ฌธ๋ฌธ
ํํ์ด๋ค. <์๋ฌธ์ฌ(how powerful)+์ฃผ์ด (our
subconscious)+๋์ฌ(is)>์ ์ด์์์์ฃผ์ํ๋ค.
Quiz
1. ๋๋ ์ด๋ฐฉ์์๋ ๋ค๋ฉด์๋๋ค.
โ You are not to make a noise in this room.
<์๋ฌด>
2. ๊ทธ๋ ๋์น๋ช ์ ์ธ์ฌ๊ณ ์ดํ๊ฒฐ์ฝ๊ฑท์ง๋ชปํ ๊ฒ์ด์๋ค.
โ She was never to walk after the accident.
<์ด๋ช >
GRAMMAR
The person falling into a hypnotic trance speaks
and possibly reveals something best left
unrevealed.
The person์ด๋์ด๋ค์ฌ๋์๋งํ๋๊ฐ?
โ falling into a hypnotic trance
โ ํด์: ์ต๋ฉด์ํ์๋น ์ง์ฌ๋
something์ด๋์ด๋ค๊ฒ์ธ๊ฐ?
โ best left unrevealed
โ ํด์: ๋ฐํ์ง์ง์์์ฑ๋จ์์๋๊ฒ์ด์ต์ ์ธ๊ฒ
<๋ฌธ์ฅ์๊ตฌ์กฐ>
์ฃผ์ด โ The person falling into a hypnotic
trance ๋์ฌ โ speaks and possibly reveals๋ชฉ์ ์ดโ something best left unrevealed
1. The magician asks a member of the audience to
join him on stage for his next trick, hypnotizing
someone so that he or she will do something
funny. (๊ทธ ๋๋๊ทธ๋ ๊ฐ์ฌ๋ฏธ์๋๋ฌด์ธ๊ฐ๋ฅผํ ์์๋๋ก)
2. It can be used to control our brains so that we
alter our behavior. (์กฐ์ ํ๋๋ฐ์์ฌ์ฉ๋ ์์๋ค)
3. Hypnosis is a scientific method which allows us
to enter the subconscious in order to reprogram
desires and effect behavior changes. (์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ~๋ก๋ค์ด๊ฐ๊ฒํ๋ค)
4. Hypnosis has been likened to playing a musical
instrument. (์ฐ์ฃผํ๋๊ฒ์๋น์ ๋์ด์๋ค)
5. Many professionals manage to make people
laugh even while demonstrating how powerful
our subconscious really is. (์ฐ๋ฆฌ์์ ์ฌ์์์ด์ ๋ง์ผ๋ง๋๊ฐ๋ ฅํ์ง)
WRITING
STRUCTURE
Answer Keys 35
| ์ ๋ต |
1. โข
2. ์๋ฒ์ง์๋ฅ๋จธํฐ์ฆ์์ํ์ฝ์๋ง๋ค๊ธฐ์ํด์
3. โข
4. โฃ
| ํด์ค |
1. (A), (B), (C)์ ์ธ๊ธ๋ ์ฐ๋๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ํ์ฌ ์ดํ๋ค. (B)์๋
๋ฐ์ด์์ด์ฌ๋งํ๋น์ 1880๋ ์ ๋ํ์ธ๊ธ์ด๊ณ , (C)๋ ๊ทธ
์ดํ ์์คํผ๋ฆฐ์ ๊ฐ๋ฐํ๊ฒ ๋ 1897๋ ์ด ๋์ค๊ณ ์๋ค. ์ด
๊ธฐ ์์คํผ๋ฆฐ์ ๋ถ์์ฉ์ ํด๊ฒฐํ๊ฒ ๋๋ 1897๋ 10์์
๋ํ (A)๊ฐ ๋ง์ง๋ง์์ค๋๊ฒ์ด๊ฐ์ฅ์์ฐ์ค๋ฝ๋ค.
2. (C)์ to try to find a drug which would help his
father deal with the medical condition of
rheumatism์ Felix Hoffmann์ด ์์คํผ๋ฆฐ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌํ๊ฒ
๋ ์ต์ด ์ด์ ๊ฐ ๋ํ๋ ์๋ค. ์ฆ, โ์๋ฒ์ง์ ๋ฅ๋จธํฐ์ฆ์
์ํ์ฝ์๋ง๋ค๊ธฐ์ํด์โ๋ค.
3. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๋ถ๋ถ์ผ๋ก, ๋ฐ์ด์ ์ฌ๊ฐ ์์คํผ๋ฆฐ๊ณผ ๋์์ด๊ฐ ๋์๋ค
๋ ๋ด์ฉ์ด ๊ฐ์ฅ ์ ์ ํ๋ฏ๋ก, โข synonymous with(~๊ณผ
๋์์ด์ธ)๊ฐ ์ ๋ต์ด๋ค.
โ ~์์์กดํ๋ โก~์ ํฅ์๋ฏธ์น๋
โฃ์์ฌ๋ โคํนํ๋
4. (C)์์ ๋ณด๋ฉด, โฃ Aspirin was first invented by one
of Bayerโs scientists.(์์คํผ๋ฆฐ์ ๋ฐ์ด์ ์ฌ์ ๊ณผํ์๋ค
์ค ํ ๋ช ์ ์ํด ๋ฐ๋ช ๋์๋ค.)๊ฐ ์ผ์นํ๋ ๋ด์ฉ์์ ์ ์
์๋ค.
๋ค์์ค์ด ์๋ด์ฉ์ผ๋ก์ณ์๊ฒ์?
โ ์์คํผ๋ฆฐ์ด๋ผ๋์ด๋ฆ์๊ทธ์ฝ์์ต์ด๋ฐ๋ช ๊ฐ์์์๋ค.
โก Friedrich Bayer์ ์ผ์์์์คํผ๋ฆฐ์๋ฐ๋ช ์๋ฐ์ณค๋ค.
โข ์์คํผ๋ฆฐ๋ฐ๋ช ์์ฐธ์ฌํ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด๋ง์๋ค.
โค Hofmann์ ๋ฌด์์ด๋ถ์์ฉ์์ด๋ํ๋์ง์ดํดํ์ง๋ชป
ํ๋ค.
| ๋ณธ๋ฌธ |
Born in 1825, Friedrich Bayer was one of sixchildren in his family. Bayer took up his fatherโstrade, dyeing and weaving, and started asuccessful dye business of his own in 1848.
After the discovery of coal-tar based dyes in1856, Bayer and another master dyer, FriedrichWeskott, formed the Friedrich Bayer Companyto manufacture such dyes since they thoughtsuch dyes had great commercial potential.
(B) When Bayer died on May 6, 1880, thecompany was involved principally in the fabricdye business. After Bayerโs death the companycontinued to hire chemists to invent new dyesand other products which were based on thenew dyes.
(C) In 1897, one of the Friedrich Bayer Companyโschemists, Felix Hoffmann, conducted experimentswith some of the various chemicals used in thedyes to try to find a drug which would help hisfather deal with the medical condition ofrheumatism. Eventually a stable form of salicylicacid which came from the bark of the willow treewas chemically synthesized by Hoffman. Thecompound became the active ingredient in apharmaceutical wonder product: Aspirin. The โaโcame from acetyl, and the โspirโ came from thespirea plant, which salicin comes from.
(A) While it relieved pain, the powder form ofaspirin, salicylic acid, irritated the drug takerโsstomach and mouth. This side effect was notsolved until Hoffmann, on August 10, 1897,produced a chemically pure type of acetylsalicylic acid. The Bayer Company thus becamesynonymous with the drug aspirin.
| ํด์ |
1825๋ ์ ํ์ด๋ Friedrich Bayer์ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ์กฑ์ ์ฌ์ฏ ์์ด
๋ค ์ค ํ๋ ๋ค. Bayer์ ์๋ฒ์ง์ ์ฅ์ฌ์ธ ์ง๋ฌผ์ ์ผ์ํ๊ณ
์ง๋ ์ผ์ ์์ํ๊ฒ ๋์๊ณ , 1848๋ ์ ์์ ์ ์ผ๋ฃ ์ฌ์ ์
์ฑ๊ณต์ ์ผ๋ก์ด๋๊ฒ๋์๋ค. 1856๋ ์ฝํ๋ฅด์๊ธฐ์ดํ์ผ๋ฃ๋ฐ
๊ฒฌ ์ดํ์, Bayer๊ณผ ๋ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ผ์๊ณต ๋๊ฐ์ธ Friedrich
Weskott์ ๊ทธ๋ฌํ ์ผ๋ฃ๊ฐ ์์ ์ ์ ์ฌ๋ ฅ์ด ํฌ๋ค๊ณ ์๊ฐํด์
๊ทธ๋ฌํ ์ผ๋ฃ๋ค์ ์ ์กฐํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ํ๋ฆฌ๋๋ฆฌํ ๋ฐ์ด์์ด๋ผ๋ ํ
์ฌ๋ฅผ์ค๋ฆฝํ๋ค.
(B) Bayer์ด 1880๋ 5์ 6์ผ ์ฌ๋งํ์ ๋, ๊ทธ ํ์ฌ๋ ์ฃผ๋ก
์ง๋ฌผ ์ผ๋ฃ ์ฌ์ ์ ์ข ์ฌํ์๋ค. Bayer์ ์ฃฝ์ ์ดํ์, ๊ทธ ํ
Passage14
36 Aim High Reading | Level 3-A
์ฌ๋ ์๋ก์ด ์ผ๋ฃ์ ๊ทธ ์๋ก์ด ์ผ๋ฃ์ ๊ธฐ์ดํ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ํ๋ค์
๋ง๋ค์ด๋ด๊ธฐ์ํด์ํํ์๋ค์๊ณ์๊ณ ์ฉํ๋ค.
(C) 1897๋ , ํ๋ฆฌ๋๋ฆฌํ ๋ฐ์ด์ ํ์ฌ ํํ์๋ค ์ค ํ ๋ช ์ธ
Felix Hoffmann์ ๊ทธ์ ์๋ฒ์ง๊ฐ ๋ฅ๋จธํฐ์ฆ์ด๋ผ๋ ์ํ์
์ํ๋ฅผ ์น๋ฃํ๋ ๋ฐ์ ๋์์ด ๋ ์ฝ์ ์ฐพ์๋ด๊ธฐ ์ํด์ ๊ทธ
์ผ๋ฃ์ ์ฐ์ธ ๋ค์ํ ํํ ์ฑ๋ถ์ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์คํ์ ํ๋ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ
๋ฒ๋๋๋ฌด ๊ป์ง์์ ๋์จ ์ด๋ฆฌ์ค์ฐ์ด๋ผ๋ ์์ ๋ ํํ๊ฐ
Hoffman์ ์ํด์ ํํ์ ์ผ๋ก ํฉ์ฑ๋์๋ค. ๊ทธ ํํฉ๋ฌผ์ ์
์ฝ๊ณ์ ๋๋ผ์ด ์ํ์ธ ์์คํผ๋ฆฐ์ด๋ผ๋ ํนํจ ์๋ ์ฑ๋ถ์ด์
๋ค. โaโ๋ ์์ธํธ์ธ acetyl์์ ์๊ณ , โspirโ๋ ์ด๋ฆฌ์ ์ด ๋
์ค๋๊ด๋ชฉ๋๋ฌด์ธ spirea์์์๋ค.
(A) ๊ทธ๊ฒ์ด ํต์ฆ์๊ฐ๋ผ์ํ๋๋์, ์์คํผ๋ฆฐ์๊ฐ๋ฃจํํ์ธ
์ด๋ฆฌ์ค์ฐ์ ๊ทธ ์ฝ์ ๋ณต์ฉ์์ ์์ ์ ์ ์ผ์ฆ์ ์ผ์ผ์ผฐ๋ค.
์ด ๋ถ์์ฉ์ 1897๋ 8์ 10์ผ Hoffmann์ด ์์ธํธ ์ด๋ฆฌ์ค
์ฐ์ด๋ผ๋ ํํ์ ์ผ๋ก ์์ํ ์ฝ์ ๋ง๋ค๊ณ ๋์์ผ ํด๊ฒฐ๋์๋ค.
๊ทธ๋์๋ฐ์ด์ํ์ฌ๋์์คํผ๋ฆฐ์ด๋ผ๋์ฝ๊ณผ๋์์ด๊ฐ๋์๋ค.
| ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ |
This side effect was not solved until Hoffmann ~
produced a chemically pure type of acetyl
salicylic acid.
<not ~ until> ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ด๋ฉฐ, โโฆ๊น์ง~์๋ค, โฆ์ด ๋์ด์์ผ
๋น๋ก์ (~ํ๋ค)โ๋ผ๊ณ ํด์ํ๋ค.
a drug which would help his father deal with the
medical condition of rheumatism
๋์ฌ help๋ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด๋๋ชฉ์ ๊ฒฉ๋ณด์ด๋ก to๋ถ์ ์ฌ๋๋์ฌ์ํ
๋ชจ๋์ธ์์๋ค.
Quiz
1. ๊ทธ ์ฑ ์์ฌ์ด ์ด๋ก์ฐ์ฌ์์ด์, ์ฝ๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ฌ์ ๋ค.
โ As the book is written in easy English, it is
easy to read.
2. ์ด ๊ฝ์โ์ฅ๋ฏธโ๋ผ๊ณ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ์์ํด๋ถ๋ฆฐ๋ค.
โ This flower is called โa roseโ by us.
GRAMMAR
Eventually a stable form of salicylic acid which
came from the bark of the willow tree was
chemically synthesized by Hoffman.
์ด๋ฆฌ์ค์ฐ(salicylic acid)์ ์ด๋์๊ตฌํ๊ฒ์ธ๊ฐ?
โ came from the bark of the willow tree
โ ํด์: ๋ฒ๋๋๋ฌด๊ป์ง์์์ป์
Eventually๊ฐ ์์ํ๋๊ฒ์?
โ ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ์ฒด
<๋ฌธ์ฅ์๊ตฌ์กฐ>
(๋ฌธ์ฅ ๋ถ์ฌ)โ Eventually ์ฃผ์ด โ a stable form of salicylic acid which
came from the bark of the willow
tree ๋์ฌ โ was๋ณด์ด โ chemically synthesized(์ ์น์ฌ๊ตฌ) โ by Hoffman
1. While it relieved pain, the powder form of
aspirin, salicylic acid, irritated the drug takerโs
stomach and mouth. (๊ทธ๊ฒ์ดํต์ฆ์๊ฐ๋ผ์ํ๋๋์)
2. This side effect was not solved until Hoffmann,
on August 10, 1897, produced a chemically
pure type of acetyl salicylic acid. (~ํ ๋๊น์งํด๊ฒฐ๋์ง์์๋ค)
3. Felix Hoffmann conducted experiments with
some of the various chemicals used in the dyes
to try to find a drug. (~์ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์คํ์ํ๋ค)
4. A drug would help his father deal with the
medical condition of rheumatism. (๊ทธ์ ์๋ฒ์ง๊ฐ~์์น๋ฃํ๋๋ก๋๋ค)
5. Eventually a stable form of salicylic acid which
came from the bark of the willow tree was
chemically synthesized by Hoffman. (~์ ์ํด์ํํ์ ์ผ๋กํฉ์ฑ๋์๋ค)
WRITING
STRUCTURE
Answer Keys 37
| ์ ๋ต |
1. โค
2. โข
3. ๊ทธ๋ชจ์์ด๋งค์ฐ๋ค์ํ๊ณ ๋ณต์กํ๋ค.
4. ์๋์ ์ผ๋ก์ ์์ฑ์ด์ด๋ค. / ๋งค์ฐ ์์์ฑ์ด์ด๋ค. / ์ง
์ ๊ฐ์ค๋ก๋๋ฌ์ธ์ฌ์๋ค.
| ํด์ค |
1. ์ฑ์ด์ ํ์ฑ์ฒ๋ผ ๋ณด์ด์ง๋ง, ์ฌ์ค์ ๊ฐ์ค ๊ตฌ๋ฆ์ผ๋ก ํ์ฑ๊ณผ
๋ ์๊ด์ด ์๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ฏ๋ก ๋น์นธ์๋ โค But, in fact, the
planetary nebula has nothing to do with
planets.(๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ์ฌ์ค ์ฑ์ด์ ํ์ฑ๊ณผ๋ ๊ด๋ จ์ด ์๋ค.)๊ฐ
๊ฐ์ฅ์ ์ ํ๋ค.
โ ๊ทธ๋์ ์ฑ์ด์ด๋ผ๋ ์ด๋ฆ์ ๋จ์ง ๋ช๋ช ์ฌ๋๋ค ์ฌ์ด์์
๋ง์ฌ์ฉ๋์๋ค.
โก ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ์ฑ์ด์ ์ต๊ทผ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง๋ค์ ์ด๋ฆ์ ๋ฐ์ ์ด๋ฆ์ด
๋ค์์ง์ด์ก๋ค.
โข ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋์ฑ์ด์ด๋ผ๋์ด๋ฆ์ 18์ธ๊ธฐ์๋์ฃผ์ด์ง์ง์์๋ค.
โฃ ์ฑ์ด์ด๋ผ๋์ด๋ฆ์ด๋ํ๋ด๋ฏ์ด, ๊ทธ๊ฒ์ํ์ฑ์ํํ์ด๋ค.
2. ์ฑ์ด์ ๋ณ์ด ๊ทธ ์ผ์์ ๋ง์ง๋ง ๋จ๊ณ์์ ์ผ์ด๋๋ ํ์์ด
๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ฏ๋ก ๋ชจ์ฌ์ ๋ณ์ด ๋๋ค๋ โข They gather
together and eventually become big enough to
form a star.(์ฑ์ด์ ๋ชจ์ฌ์ ๋ณ์ ํ์ฑํ ๋งํผ ์ถฉ๋ถํ ์ปค
์ง๋ค.)๋ ์ฌ์ค์ด์๋๋ค.
๋ค์์ค์ฑ์ด์๊ดํ์ฌ์ค์ด์๋๊ฒ์?
โ ์ฑ์ด์ ๋ณ์ ์ผ์์ ๋ง์ง๋ง์ ํ์ฑ๋๋ ๋ณ์ ์ธ๊ณฝ์ด
ํ๋๊ฐ์ค์ด๋ค.
โก ๊ทธ ์ด๋ฆ์ ๋ค๋ฅธ ํ์ฑ๋ค์ ๋ชจ์ต๊ณผ ๋น์ทํ๋ค๋ ๋ฐ์์
๋น๋กฏ๋์๋ค.
โฃ ๊ธฐ์ ์ด ์ข์์ง ๋ง์๊ฒฝ์ด ์ฑ์ด์ด ๋ณต์กํ๊ณ ๋ค์ํ ๋ชจ์
์ด๋ผ๋๊ฒ์๋ฐํ๋๋ค.
โค ์ฑ์ด์ ๋ง ๋ ์ด์ ์ง์๋๋ ์๋์ ์ผ๋ก ์งง์ ์๋ช ์
๊ฐ์ง๋ํ์์ด๋ค.
3. nebulae are actually like snowflakes, showing anincredibly diverse and complex range of shapes์
์ ๋ต์ ์ ์ ์๋ค. ์ฆ, snowflakes์ planetary
nebulae์ ๊ทธ ๋ชจ์์ด ๋งค์ฐ ๋ค์ํ๊ณ ๋ณต์กํ๋ค๋ ์ ์์
์๋ก๋น์ทํ๋ค.
4. The relatively youthful nebula is quite small and issurrounded by nitrogen gas. Nitrogen produces
red light.์์ ์ ๋ต์ ์ฐพ์๋ณผ ์ ์๋ค. ๋ถ์๋น์ ๋ด๋
planetary nebula๋ ์๋์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ๊ณ , ๋งค์ฐ ์์ผ๋ฉฐ ์ง์
๊ฐ์ค๋ก๋๋ฌ์ธ์ฌ์๋์ฑ์ด์ด๋ค.
| ๋ณธ๋ฌธ |
As stars burn out they emit glowing gases,which make colorful and complex shapes whenviewed by powerful telescopes such as theHubble Space Telescope. These emissions orgaseous clouds are known as planetary nebulae.Originally viewed in the eighteenth centurythrough small and less powerful telescopes,astronomers thought the round shape of thesegaseous clouds looked like the other planets inthe solar system. But, in fact, the planetarynebula has nothing to do with planets.
Planetary nebulae are produced when stars intheir final stages of life shed their top layers ofmaterial. This material turns into gaseous cloudswhich are illuminated by ultraviolet light from theremnant star. These glowing gaseous cloudslast for about a few tens of thousands of years,which is not a long time considering such sun-like stars usually have a lifespan of over 10billion years. As time passes these gaseousclouds expand and become larger. Furthermore,as time passes the ultraviolet light penetratesmore deeply into the gas, causing the nebulae toglow more brightly.
Modern images of planetary nebulae show howthey expand and contract in varied size as wellas in temperature. In terms of their shape,nebulae are actually like snowflakes, showing anincredibly diverse and complex range of shapes.The relatively youthful nebula is quite small andis surrounded by nitrogen gas. Each colorrepresents a different kind of gas being emitted.Nitrogen produces red light; hydrogen producesgreen light; and oxygen produces blue light.
Passage15
38 Aim High Reading | Level 3-A
| ํด์ |
๋ณ์ ํ์ค๋ฅผ ๋, ๋นจ๊ฐ๊ฒ ํ์ค๋ฅด๋ ๊ฐ์ค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์ฐํ๋๋ฐ, ํ๋ธ
์ฐ์ฃผ ๋ง์๊ฒฝ ๊ฐ์ ๊ฐ๋ ฅํ ๋ง์๊ฒฝ์ผ๋ก ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๊ฐ์ค๋ ์์ฑ๊ฐ
๋ค์ํ๊ณ ๋ณต์กํ ๋ชจ์์ ๋ง๋ค์ด๋ธ๋ค. ์ด๋ฌํ ๋ฐ์ฐ, ์ฆ ๊ฐ์ค
๊ตฌ๋ฆ์ ์ฑ์ด์ด๋ผ ์๋ ค์ ธ ์๋ค. 18์ธ๊ธฐ์ ์๊ณ ๋ ๊ฐ๋ ฅํ ๋ง
์๊ฒฝ์ผ๋ก ์ฒ์ ๊ด์ฐฐํ์ ๋, ์ฒ๋ฌธํ์๋ค์ ์ด๋ฌํ ์ฑ์ด์ ๋ฅ
๊ทผ ๋ชจ์์ด ํ์๊ณ์ ๋ค๋ฅธ ํ์ฑ์ฒ๋ผ ๋ณด์ธ๋ค๊ณ ์๊ฐํ๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ
๋์ฌ์ค์ฑ์ด์ํ์ฑ๊ณผ๊ด๋ จ์ด์๋ค.
์ฑ์ด์ ๋ณ์ด ๊ทธ ์ผ์์ ๋ง์ง๋ง ๋จ๊ณ์์ ์ต์ธ๊ณฝ์ธต ๋ฌผ์ง์ ๋ฐ
์ฐํ ๋ ์์ฑ๋๋ค. ์ด ๋ฌผ์ง์ ๋ณ์ ์์กด๋ฌผ์์ ๋์ค๋ ์์ธ
์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ด์ฑ๋ฅผ ๋ํ๋ ๊ฐ์ค ๊ตฌ๋ฆ์ผ๋ก ๋ณํ๋ค. ์ด๋ ๊ฒ ํ์ค๋ฅด
๋ ์ฑ์ด์ ๊ฑฐ์ ์๋ง ๋ ๋์ ์ง์๋๋๋ฐ, ํ์๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ ๋ณ์ด
๋ณดํต 100์ต ๋ ์ด์์ ์๋ช ์ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ๊ณ ๋ คํ๋ฉด
๊ธด ์๊ฐ์ ์๋๋ค. ์๊ฐ์ด ์ง๋จ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ, ์ฑ์ด์ ํฝ์ฐฝํ๊ณ ๋
์ฑ ์ปค์ง๋ค. ๊ฒ๋ค๊ฐ, ์๊ฐ์ด ์ง๋จ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ์์ธ์ ์ ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์ฒด ์
์ผ๋ก๋์ฑ๊น์ด์นจํฌํด์, ์ฑ์ด์ด๋๋ฐ๊ฒํ์ค๋ฅด๊ฒํ๋ค.
์ฑ์ด์ ํ๋์ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง๋ค์ ์ฑ์ด์ด ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋ค์ํ ๊ธฐ์จ๋ฟ ์
๋๋ผ ๋ค์ํ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ก ํฝ์ฐฝํ๊ณ ์์ถํ๋์ง๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ฌ ์ค๋ค. ๊ทธ
๋ชจ์์ผ๋ก ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ฑ์ด์ ์ค์ ๋ก ๋๊ฝ์ก์ด์ ๊ฐ์์ ๊ต์ฅํ ๋ค
์ํ๊ณ ๋ณต์กํ ๋ชจ์์ ๋ณด์ฌ ์ค๋ค. ์๋์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ์ ์ฑ์ด์
์๋นํ ์๊ณ , ์ง์ ๊ฐ์ค๋ก ๋๋ฌ์ธ์ฌ ์๋ค. ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ ์๊น์ ๋ค
๋ฅธ ์ข ๋ฅ์ ๊ฐ์ค๊ฐ ๋ฐ์ฐ๋๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ํ๋ธ๋ค. ์ง์๋ ๋ถ์๋น
์, ์์๋์ด๋ก๋น์, ์ฐ์๋ํธ๋ฅธ๋น์์์ฑํ๋ค.
| ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ |
they emit glowing gases, which make colorful
and complex shapes
์ฌ๊ธฐ์ which๋ glowing gases๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋๊ด๊ณ๋๋ช ์ฌ์
๊ณ์์ ์ฉ๋ฒ์ผ๋ก์ฐ ๋ค.
Quiz
1. As I have read the newspaper, I know about the
accident.
โ Having read the newspaper, I know about
the accident.
2. As it was fine, we went on a picnic.
โ It being fine, we went on a picnic.
GRAMMAR
These glowing gaseous clouds last for about a
few tens of thousands of years, which is not a
long time considering such sun-like stars usually
have a lifespan of over 10 billion years.
which์ ์ ํ์ฌ๋?
โ a few tens of thousands of years
considering ๋ค์์ ์๋ต๋ ๋ง์์ฐ๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ if์ ๋ก ๋ฐ๊พธ
์ด์ฐ์์ค.
โ considering (that)
โ if you consider that
โ ํด์: (๋น์ ์ด) ~์ ๊ณ ๋ คํด๋ณธ๋ค๋ฉด
<๋ฌธ์ฅ์๊ตฌ์กฐ>
์ฃผ์ด โ These glowing gaseous clouds ๋์ฌ โ last (์ ์น์ฌ๊ตฌ) โ for about a few tens of thousands
of years(๊ด๊ณ์ฌ์ ) โ , which is not a long time (๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ) โ considering such sun-like stars
usually have a lifespan of over 10
billion years
1. The planetary nebula has nothing to do with
planets. (~๊ณผ ๊ด๋ จ์ด์๋ค)
2. These glowing gaseous clouds last for about a
few tens of thousands of years. (~๋์์ง์๋๋ค)
3. It is not a long time considering such sun-like
stars usually have a lifespan of over 10 billion
years. (~์ ๊ณ ๋ คํ๋ฉด๊ธด์๊ฐ์์๋๋ค)
4. As time passes the ultraviolet light penetrates
more deeply into the gas, causing the nebulae
to glow more brightly. (๊ทธ ์ฑ์ด์๋๋ฐ๊ฒํ์ค๋ฅด๊ฒํ๋ฉด์)
5. In terms of their shape, nebulae are actually like
snowflakes, showing an incredibly diverse and
complex range of shapes. (๊ทธ๊ฒ๋ค์๋ชจ์์ผ๋ก๋ณด๋ฉด)
WRITING
STRUCTURE
Answer Keys 39
| ์ ๋ต |
1. โก / โฃ
2. many / many / many / a few
3. โก
4. ์ด์ด์ํ์๊ณผ๊ด๋ จ์๋๋ค๋ฅธ์์๋ค์ด์๋๊ฐ? /
IAPV๊ฐ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ผ๋ก๊ฑด๋์๋๊ฐ?
| ํด์ค |
1. โก The virus has been found in imported bees
and bee products.(๊ทธ ๋ฐ์ด๋ฌ์ค๋ ์์ ๋ ๊ฟ๋ฒ๋ค๊ณผ ๋ฒ
๋ค์ ์ฐ๋ฌผ์์ ๋ฐ๊ฒฌ๋์ด ์๋ค.)์ โฃ Scientists have
found a reasonable solution for the bee decline.(๊ณผ
ํ์๋ค์๊ฟ๋ฒ๊ฐ์์๋ํ์ ์ ํํด๊ฒฐ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์์ฐพ์๋๋ค.)
๋ ์ธ๊ธ๋์ด์์ง์๋ค.
๋ค์์ค๊ฟ๋ฒ์๊ฐ์์๋ํด์ฌ์ค์ด์๋๊ฒ์? (2๊ฐ)
โ ๊ณผํ์๋ค์ IAPV๊ฐ (๊ฟ๋ฒ ์) ๊ฐ์์ ์ ์ผํ ์ด์ ๊ฐ
์๋์๋์๋ค๊ณ ์๊ฐํ๋ค.
โข ๊ณผํ์๋ค์ ์ฒ์์๋ ๋ ๊ฐ์ง ์ข ๋ฅ์ ๊ท ๋ฅ๊ฐ ๊ทธ ์์ธ
์ด๋ผ๊ณ ์์ฌํ๋ค.
โค ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์๊ฟ๋ฒ์์๊ฐ์์ฒญ๋๊ฒ์ค์ด๋ค์๋ค.
2. but then they discovered that these fungi wereprevalent in not only the colonies experiencing
Colony Collapse Disorder but also colonies which
were not experiencing this disorder์์ fungi๋ ๊ทธ
๋ฐ ์ฆ์์ด ์๋ ๋ฒํต๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ฐ ์ฆ์์ด ์๋ ๋ฒํต ๋ชจ๋์ ๋ง
์๋ค(many)๋ ๊ฒ์ ์ ์ ์๋ค. ๋ฐ๋ฉด์, The IAPV
virus, however, showed up in 83 percent of the
colonies experiencing Colony Collapse Disorder.
Only 5 percent of the colonies not experiencing
this disorder had the presence of this virus in
their colonies.์์ IAPV๋ ์ฆ์์ด ์๋ ๋ฒํต์๋ ๋ง๊ณ
(many) ์ฆ์์ด ์๋ ๋ฒํต์๋ ์กฐ๊ธ ์๋ค(a few)๋ ๊ฒ์
์์์๋ค.
3. ๊ฟ๋ฒ๋ค์ด ์ฌ๋ผ์ง๋ ํ์์ ์์ง ์์ธ๋ ํ์คํ๊ฒ ๋ฐํ์ง
์ง ์์ ๋จ๊ณ์ด๋ฏ๋ก, โก The case is not completely
concluded yet.(๋ฌธ์ ๋ ์์ง ์์ ํ๊ฒ ํด๊ฒฐ๋์ง ์์
๋ค.)๋ฅผ ์ถ๋ก ํ ์์๋ค.
๋ค์์ค์ด ์์์ถ๋ก ํ ์์๋๊ฒ์?
โ ๋ค๋ฅธ๋๋ผ์์๊ฟ๋ฒ๋ค์๋ค์ฌ์ค๋๊ฒ์๊ธ์ง๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
โข ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์๊ฟ๋ฒ์๊ฐ์ฒด์๋๋ค์์ฆ๊ฐํ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
โฃ ๊ณผํ์๋ค์๊ทธ๋ฐ์ด๋ฌ์ค๋ฅผ์์ ๋๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์์ฐพ์๋ผ๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
โค ๊ฟ๋ฒ๊ฐ์์๋ํ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ 2004๋ ์์์๋์๋ค.
4. Scientists ~, so they are continuing their researchto try to find out what other factors might be
involved in this process.์์โ์ด์ด์ํ์๊ณผ๊ด๋ จ์
๋ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์์๋ค์ด ์๋์งโ์ ๋ํด ๊ณ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌํ๊ณ ์๋ค๋
๊ฒ์ ์ ์ ์๋ค. ๋ํ They also want to find out
how IAPV came to the United States.์์โIAPV๊ฐ
์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ผ๋ก ๊ฑด๋์๋์งโ์ ๋ํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ์งํ๋๊ณ ์
์ผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋๊ฒ์์์์๋ค.
| ๋ณธ๋ฌธ |
Honeybees are disappearing for unknownreasons around the United States. The declinehas been drastic: In 2006, 23 percent ofhoneybees kept by beekeepers disappeared.Scientists are trying to come up with a possibleexplanation for the bee decline, also calledColony Collapse Disorder. Scientists first lookedfor evidence of microbes living only in the sickcolonies. Two types of fungi were suspected ofcausing Colony Collapse Disorder. And anothersuspect was a little-known virus called IsraeliAcute Paralysis Virus (IAPV).
Researchers have been studying bee colonies inwhich the bees have been disappearing andcomparing those colonies to colonies in whichthe bees have not been disappearing. At firstresearchers thought the prime suspects weretwo types of fungi, but then they discovered thatthese fungi were prevalent in not only thecolonies experiencing Colony Collapse Disorderbut also colonies which were not experiencingthis disorder.
The IAPV virus, however, showed up in 83percent of the colonies experiencing ColonyCollapse Disorder. Only 5 percent of thecolonies not experiencing this disorder had thepresence of this virus in their colonies. In 2004,researchers in Israel first claimed that the virus
Passage16
40 Aim High Reading | Level 3-A
kills bees. But until now, bee experts havenโtpaid much attention to it. But they now knowthat the presence of IAPV is a strong sign that acolony has the disorder. Scientists are not surewhether IAPV can single-handedly cause ColonyCollapse Disorder, so they are continuing theirresearch to try to find out what other factorsmight be involved in this process. They alsowant to find out how IAPV came to the UnitedStates. Currently bee products are beingimported from Canada, Australia, and NewZealand. However, if it turns out that this trade isspreading disease, the rules might eventuallychange.
| ํด์ค |
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์ ๊ฟ๋ฒ๋ค์ด ์๋ ค์ง์ง ์์ ์ด์ ๋ก ์ฌ๋ผ์ง๊ณ ์๋ค. ๊ทธ
๊ฐ์ ์ ๋๋ ์ฌํ๋ค. 2006๋ ์๋ ์๋ด์ ์๋ค์ด ํค์ฐ๋ ๊ฟ๋ฒ
์ 23%๊ฐ ์ฌ๋ผ์ก๋ค. ๊ณผํ์๋ค์ ๊ตฐ์ง ๋ถ๊ดด ํ์(CCD)์ด๋ผ
๊ณ ๋ ๋ถ๋ฆฌ๋ ๊ฟ๋ฒ๋ค์ ๊ฐ์์ ๋ํ ๊ฐ๋ฅํ ์ค๋ช ์ ์ฐพ์๋ด๊ธฐ
์ํด ๋ ธ๋ ฅํ๊ณ ์๋ค. ์ฒ์์ ๊ณผํ์๋ค์ ๋ณ๊ท ์ ์นจ์๋ ๋ฒํต
์๋ง ์ฌ๋ ์ธ๊ท ์ ํ์ ์ ์ฐพ์๋ค. ๋ ๊ฐ์ง ์ข ๋ฅ์ ๊ท ๋ฅ๊ฐ
CCD๋ฅผ ์ผ์ผํจ๋ค๊ณ ์์ฌ๋์๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋๋ค๋ฅธํ์๋์ด์ค
๋ผ์ ๊ธ์ฑ ๋ง๋น ๋ฐ์ด๋ฌ์ค(IAPV)๋ผ๊ณ ๋ถ๋ฆฌ๋ ๊ฑฐ์ ์๋ ค์ง์ง
์์๋ฐ์ด๋ฌ์ค ๋ค.
์ฐ๊ตฌ์๋ค์ ๊ฟ๋ฒ๋ค์ด ์ฌ๋ผ์ง ๋ฒํต๋ค์ ์ฐ๊ตฌํด์ค๊ณ ์๊ณ , ๊ทธ
๋ฐ ๋ฒํต๋ค์ ๊ฟ๋ฒ๋ค์ด ์ฌ๋ผ์ง์ง ์์ ๋ฒํต๋ค๊ณผ ๋น๊ตํด์ค๊ณ
์๋ค. ์ฒ์์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์๋ค์ ์ฃผ์ ์์ธ์ด ๋ ๊ฐ์ง ์ข ๋ฅ์ ๊ท ๋ฅ
๋ผ๊ณ ์๊ฐํ์ง๋ง, ์ด๋ฌํ ๊ท ๋ฅ๋ค์ CCD๊ฐ ์์๋ ๋ฒํต๋ฟ๋ง
์๋๋ผ, ์ด๋ฐ ์ด์ ํ์์ ๊ฒช์ง ์์ ๋ฒํต์๋ ๋ง์ฐํด ์๋ค
๋๊ฒ์์์๋๋ค.
๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ IAPV ๋ฐ์ด๋ฌ์ค๋ CCD๊ฐ ์์๋ ๋ฒํต์ 83%์์
๋ณด ๋ค. ์ด๋ฐ ์ด์ํ์์๊ฒช์ง์์๋ฒํต์๋จ์ง 5%๋ง์ด๋ฒ
ํต์์์ด๋ฐ์ด๋ฌ์ค๊ฐ์กด์ฌํ๋ค. 2004๋ ์, ์ด์ค๋ผ์์์ฐ๊ตฌ
์๋ค์ ๊ทธ ๋ฐ์ด๋ฌ์ค๊ฐ ๋ฒ๋ค์ ์ฃฝ์ธ๋ค๊ณ ์ฒ์์ผ๋ก ์ฃผ์ฅํ๋ค.
๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ์ง๊ธ๊น์ง ๋ฒ ์ ๋ฌธ๊ฐ๋ค์ ๊ทธ๊ฒ์ ๊ทธ๋ค์ง ์ฃผ์๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ธ
์ด์ง ์์๋ค. ํ์ง๋ง, ์ด์ ๊ทธ๋ค์ IAPV์ ์กด์ฌ๊ฐ ๋ฒํต์ ์ด
์ ํ์์ด ์๋ค๋ ๊ฐ๋ ฅํ ํ์๋ผ๋ ๊ฒ์ ์๊ณ ์๋ค. ๊ณผํ์
๋ค์ IAPV๊ฐ ๋จ๋ ์ผ๋ก CCD๋ฅผ ์ผ์ผํฌ ์ ์๋์ง ํ์ ํ์ง
๋ชปํด์, ์ด๋ค ๋ค๋ฅธ ์์๋ค์ด ์ด ๊ณผ์ ์ ๊ด๋ จ์ด ์์์ง ์ฐพ์
๋ด๋ ค๊ณ ๋ ธ๋ ฅํ๊ณ ์๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ค์ ๋ํ IAPV๊ฐ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์
์ค๊ฒ ๋์๋์ง ์์๋ด๊ณ ์ถ์ดํ๋ค. ํ์ฌ ๊ฟ๋ฒ์ ์ฐ๋ฌผ๋ค์ด ์บ
๋๋ค, ์ค์คํธ๋ ์ผ๋ฆฌ์, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋ด์ง๋๋์์ ์์ ๋๊ณ ์๋ค.
๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ์ด๋ฐ ๊ต์ญ์ด ์ง๋ณ์ ํผ๋จ๋ฆฐ๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์ฆ๋ช ๋๋ค๋ฉด, ๊ฒฐ
๊ตญ ๊ท์ ์ด๋ฐ๋๊ฒ๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
| ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ |
Scientists are not sure whether IAPV can single-
handedly cause Colony Collapse Disorder / to
try to find out what other factors might be
involved in this process / They also want to find
out how the IAPV came to the United States.
๋ชจ๋๊ฐ์ ์๋ฌธ๋ฌธ์๋ชฉ์ ์ด๋ก์ทจํ๊ณ ์๋๋ฌธ์ฅ๋ค์ด๋ค. <์
๋ฌธ์ฌ(whether, what, how+์ฃผ์ด+๋์ฌ>์ ์ด์์์ ์
ํ๋ค. ์๋ฌธ์ฌ๊ฐ์๋๊ฒฝ์ฐ์๋ if๋ whether๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ๋ค.
Quiz
1. ๋ง์ฝ ๊ทธ๋ ๋ฅผ๋ค์๋ง๋๊ฒ๋๋ฉด๋๋๊ทธ๋ ์๊ฒ์ง์ค์๋ง
ํ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
โ I will tell her the truth if I see her again.
2. ๋ด๊ฐ ๋ค์์ฌํ์ ์ผ๋กํ๋์ ์ธ์ฌ๋์ด๋ ์๋์์์ง
๊ถ๊ธํ๋ค.
โ I wonder if I will ever become socially active
again.
Researchers have been studying bee colonies in
which the bees have been disappearing and
comparing those colonies to colonies in which
the bees have not been disappearing.
๋ฐ์ค์น bee colonies๋ ์ด๋ค colonies๋ฅผ ๋งํ๋๊ฐ?
โ in which the bees have been disappearing
comparing ์์ ์๋ต๋๋ง์?
โ researchers have been
๋ฐ์ค์น colonies๋ ์ด๋ค colonies์ธ๊ฐ?
โ in which the bees have not been
disappearing
<๋ฌธ์ฅ์๊ตฌ์กฐ>
์ฃผ์ด โ Researchers ๋์ฌ โ have been studying๋ชฉ์ ์ด โ bee colonies in which the bees have
been disappearing ์ฐ๊ฒฐ์ด โ and ๋์ฌ โ comparing
STRUCTURE
GRAMMAR
Answer Keys 41
๋ชฉ์ ์ด โ those colonies (์ ์น์ฌ๊ตฌ)โ to colonies in which the bees have
not been disappearing
1. Scientists are trying to come up with a possible
explanation for the bee decline. (~์ ์ฐพ์๋ด๊ธฐ์ํด๋ ธ๋ ฅํ๊ณ ์๋ค)
2. Researchers have been comparing those
colonies to colonies in which the bees have not
been disappearing. (~์ ๋น๊ตํด์ค๊ณ ์๋ค)
3. Only 5 percent of the colonies not experiencing
this disorder had the presence of this virus in
their colonies. (์ด๋ฐ ๋ณ์๊ฒช์ง์์)
4. In 2004, researchers in Israel first claimed that
the virus kills bees. (๊ทธ ๋ฐ์ด๋ฌ์ค๊ฐ๋ฒ๋ค์์ฃฝ์ธ๋ค๊ณ ์ฃผ์ฅํ๋ค)
5. So they are continuing their research to try to
find out what other factors might be involved in
this process. (์ด๋ค ๋ค๋ฅธ์์๋ค์ด๊ด๋ จ์ด์์์ง)
| A |01. ๋ค์ํ
02. ๋ฐ์ฐํ๋ค
03. ๋น์ถ๋ค, ๊ด์ฑ๋ฅผ๋ํ๋ค
04. ์ฑ์ด
05. ์ฐ์ (cf. hydrogen ์์)
06. ์นจํฌํ๋ค, ๊ดํตํ๋ค
07. ์ ์ฝ์
08. ์ฐ์ธํ๋ค, ์ด๊ธฐ๋ค
09. ์์ ๋
10. ์ ์ฌ์์(์)
11. ๋์์ด์, ๊ฐ์ ๋ป์
12. ํผ์์ํ
WRITING
| B |01. fall into a trance
02. a pharmaceutical company
03. emit heat, light or gas
04. hidden power of the subconscious
05. The price of oil should remain stable.
06. Security is synonymous with Safety.
| C |01. illuminate
02. penetrates
03. oxygen
04. Nebula
05. diverse
06. prevails
| D |01. โข
02. โข
03. โข
04. โก
05. โก
06. โก
07. โ
08. โ
09. โข
10. โกReview
42 Aim High Reading | Level 3-A
Chapter 05
Vocabulary Pre-check
affect (์ ) ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ค
assurance ํ์
at least ์ ์ด๋
awkwardly ์ํฌ๋ฅด๊ฒ, ์ด์ํ๊ฒ
bipolar ์๊ทน์ฑ์
breed ๋ฒ์์ํค๋ค, ๋ณ๋ค
capacity ๋ฅ๋ ฅ, ์ฉ๋
cattle ์, ๊ฐ์ถ
clinically ์์์ ์ผ๋ก
command ๋ช ๋ น(ํ๋ค)
composition ๊ตฌ์ฑ
concentrate ์ง์คํ๋ค
depression ์ฐ์ธ(์ฆ)
diplomatic ์ธ๊ต์
ecstatic ํฌ์ด์๋์น, ํฉํํ
estimate ์ด๋ฆผ์ก๋ค, ์ถ์ ํ๋ค
excitable ์๊ทน๋ฐ๊ธฐ์ฌ์ด
extinction ๋ฉธ์ข
extreme ๊ทน์ฌํ
fatal ์น๋ช ์ ์ธ
figure ์ซ์, ๋ชจ์ต
get around ์ด๊ฒจ๋ด๋ค, ํค์ด๋๋ค
hind feet ๋ท๋ค๋ฆฌ
hybrid ํผํ์
impair ์์ํ๋ค, ํด์น๋ค
impressive ์ธ์์ ์ธ
indicate ๊ฐ๋ฆฌํค๋ค, ์ง์ ํ๋ค
inevitably ๋ถ๊ฐํผํ๊ฒ, ๋ฐ๋์
justify ์ ๋นํจ์์ฆ๋ช ํ๋ค
lay (์์) ๋ณ๋ค, (~์) ๋๋ค
manic-depressive ์กฐ์ธ์ฆ์
marinated ์๋ ๋
mating season ์ง์ง๊ธฐ์ฒ
membrane ์ธํฌ๋ง
normalization ์ ์ํ
occupy ์ ๋ นํ๋ค, ์ฐจ์งํ๋ค, ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ๋ค
outweigh ~๋ณด๋ค๊ฐ์น๊ฐ์๋ค, ์ค์ํ๋ค
photographic memory ์ฌ์ง์ฒ๋ผ์ ๋ช ํ๊ธฐ์ต๋ ฅ
possess ์์ ํ๋ค
pros and cons ์ฅ๋จ์ , ์ฐฌ๋ฐ์๋ก
regarding ~์๊ดํ
regulator ๊ท์ ์, ๋จ์์
reproduce ๋ฒ์ํ๋ค, ์์ํ๋ค
revelation ํญ๋ก, ์์ธ์์ผ
shallow ์์
skeptical ์์ฌ๋ง์, ํ์์ ์ธ
spade-like ์๊ธฐ๋ชจ์์
standard ํ์ค
strain ๊ธด์ฅ์ํค๋ค
sufficient ์ถฉ๋ถํ
swing ๋ณ๋, ๋์
territory ํ
unidentifiable ํ์ธ๋ ์์๋
use up ๋ค์จ๋ฒ๋ฆฌ๋ค
Passage17
Answer Keys 43
| ์ ๋ต |
1. โฃ2. S. multiplicata males / fast-developing
tadpoles / they dry up
3. pros: ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ฑ์ฅํ๋ฏ๋ก๋ฌผ์ด๋ง๋ฅด๊ธฐ์ ์์ด์์๋
ํ๋ฅ ์ดํฌ๋ค.
cons: ์ฑ์ฅํด์๋ฒ์์๋ชปํ๋๊ฒฝํฅ์ด์๋ค.
4. โข
| ํด์ค |
1. Two spadefoot species, ~, both live in thesouthwestern United States, where they often
occupy the same territory.๋ผ๋ ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ผ๋ก ๋ณด์, โฃ
Different species of spadefoot toad can live in the
same area.(์๊ธฐ๋ฐ๋๊บผ๋น์ ์๋ก ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ข ๋ค์ ๊ฐ์ ์ง
์ญ์์ ์ด ์ ์๋ค.)๊ฐ ์ ๋ด์ฉ๊ณผ ์ผ์นํ๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ์
์์๋ค.
๋ค์์ค์ฌ์ค์ธ๊ฒ์?
โ ์๊ธฐ๋ฐ๋๊บผ๋น๋ค์์์๋ฌผ์์์๋ณ์ผ๋ ค๊ณ ํ์ง์๋๋ค.
โก ์๊ธฐ๋ฐ๋๊บผ๋น๋ค์์๊ฒฉํ๊ฒ์ ํ๋์ข ๋ค๊ณผ๋ง์ง์ง๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
ํ๋ค.
โข ์ฌ์ฑ์ด๋ค์๊ฑด๊ธฐ๋์์ก์ง์์ด๋๋ก์ ์ํ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
โค ๋ง์์๊ธฐ๋ฐ๋๊บผ๋น๋ค์ด๋ฉธ์ข ์์ํ์์ง๋ฉดํด์๋ค.
2. ๋ณธ๋ฌธ์๋ด์ฉ์์์ฝํ๋ฉด๋ค์๊ณผ๊ฐ์๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
โ S. bombifrons females will break the usual rule
and mate with S. multiplicata males in order to
produce fast-developing tadpoles that will hop outof those shallow pools before they dry up.
(S. bombifrons ์์ปท์ ์์ ์ ๋ฉ์ด๊ฐ ๋ง๋ผ๋ฒ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์ ์
์ฌ์ฑ์ด๋ค์ด๋น ์ ธ๋์ค๋๋ก๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒ์ฑ์ฅํ๋์ฌ์ฑ์ด๋ฅผ๋ณ๊ธฐ
์ํด ์ผ๋ฐ์ ์ธ ๊ท์น์ ๊นจ๊ณ S. multiplicata ์์ปท๊ณผ ์ง์ง
๊ธฐ๋ฅผํ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค.)
3. ์๋ก ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ข ๋ค์ด ์ง์ง๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ๋ ์ฅ์ ์ ํผํ ์ฌ์ฑ์ด๊ฐ
๋ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ฑ์ฅํด์ ๋ฌผ์ด ๋ง๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์ ์ ์ด ์ ์๋ ํ๋ฅ ์ด
ํฌ๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ด๊ณ , ๋จ์ ์ ์ฑ์ฅํด์ ๋ฒ์์ ๋ชป ํ๋ ๊ฒฝํฅ์ด
์๋ค๋๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
4. occupy๋ใ์ ๋ นํ๋ค, ์ฐจ์งํ๋ค, ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ๋คใ๋ผ๋ ์๋ฏธ์ด๋ฏ
๋กโข inhabit์ ๊ฐ๋ค.
| ๋ณธ๋ฌธ |
Since it lives in the dry hot desert, the SpadefootToad, which has long, pointy spade-like hindfeet, has been forced to adapt for its survival.The dry weather causes special problems duringthe mating season. Females lay their eggs inpools of water, but if the pools dry up before thetadpoles become toads, the Spadefoot Toadmight face extinction since tadpoles cannot liveon dry land as toads can.
A new study shows that spadefoot parents getaround this problem in a very unusual way. Mostanimal species donโt breed with one another,and spadefoots generally donโt either. But theywill during dry seasons if it helps their youngsurvive. Two spadefoot species, Speabombifrons and Spea multiplicata, both live inthe southwestern United States, where theyoften occupy the same territory. They can matewith each other, though there are pros and consto doing so.
On the one side for S. bombifrons, the hybridtadpoles develop faster than tadpoles with twoS. bombifrons parents. The hybrid tadpoles aretherefore more likely to survive if they are born ina shallow pool that dries up quickly. On theother side, the hybrids tend to have problemsreproducing once they become adults.Scientists have discovered that when S.bombifrons females are breeding in particularlyshallow pools, they seem to decide that the prosof breeding with the other species outweigh thecons.
| ํด์ |
๊ธธ๊ณ ๋พฐ์กฑํ ์๊ธฐ๋ชจ์์ ๋ท๋ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง ์๊ธฐ๋ฐ๋๊บผ๋น๋ ๊ฑด์กฐ
ํ๊ณ ๋จ๊ฑฐ์ด ์ฌ๋ง์ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์, ๊ทธ ์์กด์ ์ ํฉํ๋๋ก (ํ
๊ฒฝ์) ์ ์ํด ์๋ค. ๊ฑด์กฐํ ๋ ์จ๋ ์ง์ง๊ธฐ ์ฒ ์ ํน๋ณํ ๋ฌธ์
๋ฅผ ์ผ์ผํจ๋ค. ์์ปท์ ๋ฌผ ์ ๋ฉ์ด์ ์์ ๋ณ๋๋ฐ, ์ฌ์ฑ์ด๊ฐ ๋
๊บผ๋น๊ฐ ๋๊ธฐ ์ ์ ์ ๋ฉ์ด๊ฐ ๋ง๋ผ๋ฒ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด, ์ฌ์ฑ์ด๋ ๋๊บผ๋น์ฒ
๋ผ ๊ฑด์กฐํ ์ก์ง์์๋ ์ด ์ ์๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์, ๊ทธ ์๊ธฐ๋ฐ๋๊บผ๋น
๋๋ฉธ์ข ์์ง๋ฉดํ๊ฒ๋ ์ง๋๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋ค.
44 Aim High Reading | Level 3-A
์๋ก์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ์๊ธฐ๋ฐ ๋๊บผ๋น ๋ถ๋ชจ๋ ๋งค์ฐ ํน์ดํ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ผ๋ก
์ด ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ์ด๊ฒจ๋ธ๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ณด์ฌ ์ค๋ค. ๋๋ถ๋ถ์ ๋๋ฌผ๋ค์
์๋ก ํจ๊ป ๋ฒ์์ํค์ง ์๊ณ , ์๊ธฐ๋ฐ๋ค๋ ์ผ๋ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก๋ ๊ทธ๋
์ง ์๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ๊ฑด๊ธฐ ๋์์๋ ๊ทธ๊ฒ์ด ์ด๋ฆฐ ๊ฒ๋ค์ ์ด์๋จ
๊ฒ ํ๋ ๋ฐ์ ๋์์ด ๋๋ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๊ฒ๋ค์ ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ํ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
Spea bombifrons and Spea multiplicata๋ผ๋ ๋ ๋ง๋ฆฌ์
์๊ธฐ๋ฐ ์ข ์ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋จ์๋ถ์ ํจ๊ป ์ฌ๋๋ฐ, ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์์ ๊ทธ๊ฒ๋ค์
์ข ์ข ๊ฐ์ ํ ๋ฅผ ์ ๋ นํ๊ณ ์๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ํ๋ ๋ฐ ๋ํด ์ฅ๋จ
์ ์ด์์ง๋ง, ๊ทธ๊ฒ๋ค์์๋ก์ง์ง๊ธฐ๋ฅผํ ์์๋ค.
S. bombifrons ์ธก์์๋, ๊ทธ ํผํ ์ฌ์ฑ์ด๋ค์ ๋ถ๋ชจ๊ฐ ๋ ๋ค
S. bombifrons์ธ ์ฌ์ฑ์ด๋ค๋ณด๋ค ๋ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ฑ์ฅํ๋ค. ๊ทธ๋์
ํผํ ์ฌ์ฑ์ด๋ค์ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋ง๋ผ๋ฒ๋ฆฌ๋ ์์ ์ ๋ฉ์ด์์ ํ์ด๋
๋, ์ด์๋จ์ ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ์ด ๋ ๋๋ค. ์ด์๋ ๋ฌ๋ฆฌ, ํผํ์ข ๋ค์ ์ด
๋ฅธ์ด ๋๋ฉด ๋ฒ์ํ๋ ๋ฐ์ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง๊ฒ ๋๋ ๊ฒฝํฅ์ด ์๋ค.
๊ณผํ์๋ค์ S. bombifrons ์์ปท์ดํน๋ณํ์์์ ๋ฉ์ด์์
์ ๋ณ์ ๋, ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ข ๋ค๊ณผ ๋ฒ์ํ๋ ์ด๋ก์์ด ๋จ์ ๋ณด๋ค ๊ฐ์น
๊ฐ์๋ค๊ณ ๊ฒฐ์ ํ๋๊ฒ๊ฐ๋ค๋๊ฒ์๋ฐ๊ฒฌํ๋ค.
| ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ |
tadpoles cannot live on dry land like toads can
(live on dry land) / Most animal species donโt
breed with one another, and spadefoots
generally donโt either (breed with one another).
์ด์์๋๋ฐ๋ณต๋๋๋ถ๋ถ์์๋ตํ๋๊ฒฝ์ฐ๊ฐ๋ง๋ค. ์์
๋ฌธ์ฅ์์๋ can ๋ค์ live on dry land๊ฐ, ๋ค์๋ฌธ์ฅ์์
๋ either ๋ค์ breed with one another๊ฐ ์๋ต๋๊ฒ์ผ
๋ก๋ณผ์์๋ค.
Quiz
1. Youโre lying to me.
2. The dog was lying on the ground.
3. I saw the book laid on the table.
4. The great ocean of truth lay undiscovered
before me.
Two spadefoot species, Spea bombifrons and
Spea multiplicata, both live in the southwestern
United States, where they often occupy the same
territory.
Two spadefoot species์ ๋๊ฒฉ์ธ๊ฒ์?
โ Spea bombifrons and Spea multiplicata
STRUCTURE
GRAMMAR
where์ ์ ํ์ฌ๋?
โ in the southwestern United States
<๋ฌธ์ฅ์๊ตฌ์กฐ>
์ฃผ์ด โ Two spadefoot species, Spea
bombifrons and Spea multiplicata,
both ๋์ฌ โ live(์ ์น์ฌ๊ตฌ) โ in the southwestern United States (๊ด๊ณ๋ถ์ฌ์ ) โ where they often occupy the
same territory
1. The Spadefoot Toad might face extinction since
tadpoles cannot live on dry land as toads can.(๋๊บผ๋น๊ฐ๊ทธ๋ด์์๋๊ฒ์ฒ๋ผ)
2. Spadefoot parents get around this problem in a
very unusual way. (์ด ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ์ด๊ฒจ๋ธ๋ค)
3. They will during dry seasons if it helps their
young survive. (๊ทธ๊ฒ์ด์ด๋ฆฐ๊ฒ๋ค์์ด์๋จ๊ฒํ๋๋ฐ์๋์์ด๋๋ค๋ฉด)
4. The hybrid tadpoles are therefore more likely to
survive if they are born in a shallow pool that
dries up quickly. (๊ทธ๋์๋ ~ํ๊ฒ๋ ๊ฒ๊ฐ๋ค)
5. On the other side, the hybrids tend to have
problems reproducing once they become
adults. (๋ฒ์ํ๋๋ฐ์๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ๊ฐ์ง๊ฒ๋๋๊ฒฝํฅ์ด์๋ค)
WRITING
Answer Keys 45
| ์ ๋ต |
1. โ / โฃ
2. bipolar I / bipolar I / bipolar II / bipolar II
3. โข
4. manic
| ํด์ค |
1. ์ด ์๋ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, bipolar disorder๋ฅผ I๊ณผ II๋ก ๋๋์ด์ด์ผ
๊ธฐํ๊ณ ์์ผ๋ฏ๋ก โ Bipolar disorder can be divided
into two types depending on its symptoms.(์๊ทน์ฑ
์ฅ์ ๋ ๊ทธ ์ฆ์์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๋ ๊ฐ์ง ํํ๋ก ๊ตฌ๋ถ๋ ์ ์๋ค.)
๋ ์ณ๋ค. ๋ํ bipolar I disorder์ ํ์๋ค์ ํฅ๋ถ์ํ
์ ์ฐ์ธ์ํ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ๊ฐ์ ๊ฒช๋๋ค๊ณ ํ์ผ๋ฏ๋ก, โฃ Patients
with bipolar disorder can have uplifted moods
and depression by turns.(์๊ทน์ฑ ์ฅ์ ํ์๋ค์ ํฅ๋ถ
๋์ํ์์ฐ์ธ์ฆ์๋ฒ๊ฐ์๊ฐ๋ฉฐ๋๋์์๋ค.)๋ ์ณ๋ค.
์ด ์๋ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ๋ค์ ์ค์ฌ์ค์ธ๊ฒ์? (2๊ฐ)
โก ์๊ทน์ฑ ์ฅ์ ๋ ์ด๋ค ํ์ ์ฆ๋ ์์ด ์ฝ๊ฒ ์ง๋จ๋๊ณ ์น
๋ฃ๋ ์์๋ค.
โข ์๊ทน์ฑ ์ฅ์ ์ ์ฆ์์ ํต์์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋ถ์ ๋ณ๋๊ณผ ์์ฃผ
์ ์ฌํ๋ค.
โค ์๊ทน์ฑ ์ฅ์ ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช๋ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ํญ์ ์กฐ์ฆ๊ณผ ์ฐ์ธ์ฆ์
๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ด๊ฐ๋ค.
2. bipolar I์ ์ฆ์์ ์ฌํ ํฅ๋ถ๊ณผ ์ฐ์ธ์ด ๋ฐ๋ณต๋๊ฑฐ๋ ์ฐ์ธ
์ด ์ค๋ ๊ฐ๋ค๋ ๊ฒ๊ณผ ์ฌ๋๋ค๊ณผ์ ๊ด๊ณ๊ฐ ์ด๋ ต๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ด
๊ณ , bipolar II์ ์ฆ์์ ํฅ๋ถํ๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ๋ ์ ๊ณ ์ฃผ๋ก ์ฐ์ธ
๋ง ๊ณ์ ๋๋ฉฐ ์ผ์์ํ์ด๋ ์ฌ๋๋ค๊ณผ์ ๊ด๊ณ์ ์ ํฅ์
๋ฏธ์น์ง์๋๋ค๋๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
3. ์ฃผ์ด์ง ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ If it is known์ผ๋ก ๋ณด์, ์๋ ค์ง์ง ์์
๋ด์ฉ์ด ์์ ์์ผ ํ๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ์ ์ ์๋ค. ์ฆ, The
cause for the depression might be unidentifiable.
๋ผ๋ ๋ฌธ์ฅ๋ค์ธ (C)์ ์์น๊ฐ๊ฐ์ฅ์ ์ ํ๋ค.
4. ecstatic์ใํฌ์ด์ ๋์น, ํฉํํใ์ ๋ป์ด๋ค. ๋ณธ๋ฌธ์์ ๊ฐ
์ ์๋ฏธ๋ก ์ฌ์ฉ๋ ๋จ์ด๋ manic์ผ๋ก ์ฐ์ธ์ฆ๊ณผ ๋๋น๋๋
์กฐ์ฆ์๊ฐ๋ฆฌํจ๋ค.
| ๋ณธ๋ฌธ |
Everyone experiences mood swings at times,but some people have such extreme moodswings that they are clinically ill. These peoplecan feel ecstatic for a few weeks aboutsomething happening to them that would merelybe pleasant to someone else. Then they canshift into a severe depression, being unable toconcentrate and having extremely negativethoughts about themselves. The cause for thedepression might be unidentifiable. If it isknown, it is clear that most people would notreact this deeply to this kind of problem.
In many cases such extreme mood swingsindicate that the person is suffering from one oftwo forms of bipolar illness. The first type ofbipolar illness, bipolar I disorder, was previouslycalled manic-depressive illness. People whosuffer from this illness go through either periodsof mania, extreme happiness, and thendepression or simply go through only a period ofmania or depression. People who areexperiencing bipolar I disorder have troublerelating to others because of their disorder. Tobe considered to be going through an episodeof depression, the period of depression mustlast at least two weeks, but a clinical definitionof mania doesnโt require that a person feelecstatic for any set period of time.
Patients suffering from bipolar II disorder whichusually starts with a depressive episode havemainly depression and a few manic episodes.They are not as socially impaired in theirinteractions with others as patients sufferingfrom bipolar I disorder. They carry on in theirdaily life and with their daily routines.
| ํด์ |
๋ชจ๋ ์ฌ๋์ด ๋๋๋ก ๊ธฐ๋ถ์ด ๋ฐ๋๋ ๊ฒ์ ๊ฒฝํํ์ง๋ง, ์ด๋ค
์ฌ๋๋ค์ ์์์ ์ผ๋ก ์๊ณ ์๋ ๊ทน์ฌํ ๊ธฐ๋ถ์ ๋ณ๋์ ๊ฒช๋
๋ค. ์ด๋ฐ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฌ๋์๊ฒ๋ ๋จ์ํ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์ธ ๋งํ ๊ทธ
๋ค์๊ฒ ์ผ์ด๋๋ ์ด๋ค ์ผ๋ค์ ๋ํด ๋ช ์ฃผ๊ฐ ํฅ๋ถํด ์์ ์
Passage18
46 Aim High Reading | Level 3-A
์๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋์ ๊ทธ๋ค์ ์ฌํ ์ฐ์ธ๊ธฐ๋ก ์ ์ด๋ค์ด, ์ง์คํ์ง
๋ชปํ๊ณ ์ค์ค๋ก์ ๋ํด ๊ทน๋๋ก ๋ถ์ ์ ์ธ ์๊ฐ์ ํ๊ฒ ๋ ์
์๋ค. ์ด๋ฐ ์ฐ์ธ์ฆ์ ๋ํ ์์ธ์ ํ์ธ๋์ง ์์ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. ์
๊ฒ ๋๋ค๋ฉด, ๋๋ถ๋ถ์ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ์ด๋ฐ ์ข ๋ฅ์ ๋ฌธ์ ์ ์ด๋ ๊ฒ
๊น์ด๋ฐ์ํ์ง์์๊ฒ์ด๋ถ๋ช ํ๋ค.
๋ง์ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฐ ๊ทน์ฌํ ๊ธฐ๋ถ ๋ณ๋์ ๊ทธ ์ฌ๋์ด ๋ ๊ฐ์ง ํํ
์ ์๊ทน์ฑ ์ฅ์ ์ค ํ๋๋ก ๊ณ ํต๋ฐ๊ณ ์๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ํ๋ธ๋ค.
์๊ทน์ฑ ์ฅ์ ์ ํ ํํ์ธ bipolar I disorder๋ ์ด์ ์ ์กฐ์ธ
์ฆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋ถ๋ฆฌ์๋ค. ์ด ์ง๋ณ์ ์๋ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ๊ทน๋์ ํ๋ณต์
๋๋ผ๋ค๊ฐ ๊ทธ ํ์๋ ์ฐ์ธ์ฆ์ ๋๋ผ๋ ์กฐ์ธ์ฆ์ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ ๊ฒช๊ฑฐ
๋, ๋จ์ํ ์กฐ์ฆ์ด๋ ์ฐ์ธ์ฆ์ ํ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ๋ง์ ๊ฒช๋๋ค. bipolar
I disorder๋ฅผ ๊ฒช๊ณ ์๋ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ๊ทธ๋ค์ ์ฅ์ ๋๋ฌธ์ ๋ค๋ฅธ
์ฌ๋๋ค๊ณผ ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ๋งบ๋ ๋ฐ์ ๋ฌธ์ ๊ฐ ์๋ค. ์ฐ์ธ์ฆ์ ํ ์๊ธฐ
๋ฅผ ๊ฒช๊ณ ์๋ค๊ณ ์ฌ๊ฒจ์ง๊ธฐ ์ํด์๋, ์ฐ์ธ์ฆ์ ์๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์ ์ด๋
2์ฃผ๊ฐ ์ง์๋์ด์ผ ํ์ง๋ง, ์กฐ์ฆ์ ์์์ ์ ์๋ ์ด๋ค ์ฌ๋
์ด ์ด๋ค ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋์ ํฉํํจ์ ๋๊ปด์ผ ํ๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ํ์ํ์ง
์๋ค.
์ผ๋ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ์นจ์ธํ ์๊ธฐ๋ก ์์๋๋ bipolar II disorder๋ก
๊ณ ์ํ๋ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ์ฃผ๋ก ์ฐ์ธ์ฆ์ด ์๊ณ ์ฝ๊ฐ์ ์กฐ์ฆ ์๊ธฐ๊ฐ
์๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ค์ bipolar I disorder๋ก ๊ณ ์ํ๋ ํ์๋ค๋งํผ ๋ค
๋ฅธ ์ฌ๋๋ค๊ณผ ์ํธ์์ฉ์ ํ๋ ๋ฐ์ ์์ด ์ฌํ์ ์ผ๋ก ์์๋
์ง์์๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ค์์ผ์์ํ๊ณผ์ผ์์์ผ๋ค์ํด๋๊ฐ๋ค.
| ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ |
People who suffer from this illness / go through
either periods of mania, extreme happiness, and
then depression / or simply go through only a
period of mania or depression.
who๋ People์ ์ ํ์ฌ๋กํ๋์ฃผ๊ฒฉ๊ด๊ณ๋๋ช ์ด๋ค. ์ฃผ์ด
People์ ๋์ฌ go ๋ ๊ฐ๊ฐ or๋ก ์ฐ๊ฒฐ๋์ด์๋ค.
People (who are) experiencing bipolar I disorder
have ~ / Patients (who are) suffering from bipolar
II disorder which usually starts with a depressive
episode have ~
People๊ณผ experiencing ์ฌ์ด, People๊ณผ suffering ์ฌ์ด
์๋ (who are)๊ฐ ์๋ต๋๊ฒ์ผ๋ก๋ณผ์์๋ค. <์ฃผ๊ฒฉ ๊ด๊ณ
๋๋ช ์ฌ+be๋์ฌ>๋ ์๋ตํ ์์๋ค๋๊ฒ์์์๋๋ค.
Quiz
1. Good medicine tastes bitterly.
โ Good medicine tastes bitter.
2. The lake looks beautifully in the moonlight.
โ The lake looks beautiful in the moonlight.
Patients suffering from bipolar II disorder which
usually starts with a depressive episode have
mainly depression and a few manic episodes.
Patients๋ ์ด๋ค์ฌ๋๋ค์ธ๊ฐ?
โ suffering from bipolar II disorder
bipolar II disorder๋ ์ด๋ค๋ณ์ธ๊ฐ?
โ usually starts ~ episode
<๋ฌธ์ฅ์๊ตฌ์กฐ>
์ฃผ์ด โ Patients suffering from bipolar II
disorder which ~ episode๋์ฌ โ have ๋ชฉ์ ์ดโ mainly depression and a few manic
episodes
1. These people can feel ecstatic about something
happening to them that would merely be
pleasant to someone else. (๊ทธ๋ค์๊ฒ์ผ์ด๋๋๊ฒ์๋ํด)
2. The cause for the depression might be
unidentifiable. (ํ์ธ๋์ง์์์ง๋๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋ค)
3. People who are experiencing bipolar I disorder
have trouble relating to others because of their
disorder. (~์ ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ๋งบ๋๋ฐ์๋ฌธ์ ๊ฐ์๋ค)
4. The period of depression must last at least two
weeks. (์ ์ด๋ 2์ฃผ๊ฐ์ง์๋์ด์ผํ๋ค)
5. They are not as socially impaired in their
interactions with others as patients suffering
from bipolar I disorder. (~์ ์ํธ์์ฉ์ํ๋๋ฐ์์์ด์)
WRITING
STRUCTURE
GRAMMAR
Answer Keys 47
| ์ ๋ต |
1. โก
2. โข
3. ํ๋ฒ๊ฑฐ์ ์ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ํจํฐ๋ฅผ ๋จน์ผ๋ฉด ๋ฏธ์น๊ฒ ๋์ง๋ ์๋์ง
์๊ฐํ๋ค. / ์ฃผ๋ถ๋ค์ด ์ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์ ์์ฐ์ง๋ฅผ ๊ผผ๊ผผํ ํ์ธํ
๋ค. / ์๋น์ ๊ฐ์ผ ์ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ์๋ ๊ฐ๋น๋ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์ ์์ ๋
๊ฒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ์๊ฐํ๋ค.
4. โข / โฃ
| ํด์ค |
1. ์ฃผ์ด์ง ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ stress ์์ ์ ๊ด์ฌ the๋ก ๋ณด์, ๊ทธ๊ฒ์
๊ดํ ๋ด์ฉ์ด ์์ ์์ด์ผ ํ๋ค. (B) ์์ to strain
diplomatic relationships์์ ๊ทธ ๋ด์ฉ์ด ์์๋๊ณ ์๊ณ ,
์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ๊ฑด๊ฐ์ ๊ฑฑ์ ํ์ฌ ํ๋ ํ๋๋ค์ด ๊ทธ ๋ค์ ์ธ๊ธ๋
๊ณ ์์ผ๋ฏ๋ก, ์ฃผ์ด์ง๋ฌธ์ฅ์ (B)์ ๋ค์ด๊ฐ์ผํ๋ค.
2. inevitably๋ใ๋ถ๊ฐํผํ๊ฒ, ํ์ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก, ๋ฐ๋์ใ์ ์๋ฏธ์ด
๋ค. ์ด์๊ฐ์ฅ๊ฐ๊น์ด๋จ์ด๋โข unavoidably์ด๋ค.
โ ๋ง์นจ๋ด โก๊ฒฐ๊ตญ
โฃํ์คํ โค์ ์ฐจ์ ์ผ๋ก
3. this skeptical behavior๋ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ๊ด์ฐ๋ณ์ ๋ํด ๋ถ
์ํดํ๋ ํ๋๋ค์ด๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ฏ๋ก ํ๋ฒ๊ฑฐ์ ์ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ํจํฐ๋ฅผ
๋จน์ผ๋ฉด ๋ฏธ์น๊ฒ ๋์ง๋ ์๋์ง ๊ฑฑ์ ํ๊ณ , ์ฃผ๋ถ๋ค์ด ์ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ
์ ์์ฐ์ง๋ฅผ ๊ผผ๊ผผํ ํ์ธํ๋ฉฐ, ์๋น์ ๊ฐ์ผ ์ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ์๋
๊ฐ๋น๋๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์์์ ๋๊ฒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ์๊ฐํ๋๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
4. ๋ ๋ฒ์งธ ๋จ๋ฝ์ Scientists tell the public that by
eating infected beef they can get the same
disease cows have.์์ ๋ณด๋ฉด, โข The disease can
be transferred to a person who eats infected
beef.(๊ทธ ์ง๋ณ์ ๊ฐ์ผ๋ ์ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋จน๋ ์ฌ๋์๊ฒ ์ ์ด๋
์ ์๋ค.)๋ ์ณ๋ค. ๋ํ ํ๊ตญ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ๊ด์ฐ๋ณ์ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ์
๋ฅผ ๋จน๊ฒ ๋ ๊น๋ด ๊ฑฑ์ ํ๊ณ ์๋ค๊ณ ํ์ผ๋ฏ๋ก, โฃ Korean
people became very hesitant about buying
imported beef.(ํ๊ตญ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ์์ ์ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฌ๋ ๊ฒ์
๋ํด๋งค์ฐ์ฃผ์ ํ๊ฒ๋์๋ค.)๋ ์ณ๋ค๋๊ฒ์์์์๋ค.
์ด ์๋ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ๋ค์ ์ค์ฌ์ค์ธ๊ฒ์? (2๊ฐ)
โ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์๊ด์ฐ๋ณ์๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ๋ง์์ฌ๋ก๋ค์ด์์๋ค.
โก ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ ๋ถ๋์ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์์ถ์์ ์ํํ๋๋ฐ์ฑ๊ณตํ๋ค.
โค๊ด์ฐ๋ณ์ ๋ง์ ๋๋ผ๋ค์์ ์์ ๋ ์ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์์ ๋ฐ๊ฒฌ๋
์๋ค.
| ๋ณธ๋ฌธ |
A single case of mad cow disease in Decemberof 2003 has greatly affected the tradingrelationship between Korea and America.Americans have been pushing for thenormalization of beef trade, but Koreans havebeen concerned about their health. After all,mad cow disease is fatal and public fears arenot easily pushed aside by the assurances ofgovernment regulators. Defining โnormalizationโis not an easy thing to do, but Korea is followinginternational standards regarding the safety andimportation of American beef these days.Nevertheless, it is clear that the revelation inDecember of 2003 that one American cow hadmad cow disease will inevitably continue tostrain diplomatic relationships. The stress resultspartly from the publicโs fears about health.
Scientists tell the public that by eating infectedbeef they can get the same disease cows have.So citizens cannot put a burger to their lipswithout wondering if the beef patty will makethem go crazy. Furthermore, housewives nowcarefully check the origin of beef they buy in thesupermarket. And people think that cheap pricesfor marinated beef ribs in restaurants must meanthey have been imported from America. So, youought to think twice before eating there.
The origin of this skeptical behavior is thehorrible nature of the disease itself. Cattleinfected with this disease exhibit odd andstrange behavior. They seem to be constantlystressed and nervous. They fal l downunexpectedly and walk awkwardly. The reasonis that the animalsโ brain and central nervoussystem are being broken down by the disease.And because the disease has the same effect onhumans, well, our doubts seem justified.
Passage19
48 Aim High Reading | Level 3-A
| ํด์ |
2003๋ 12์์ ๋ฐ๋ณ๋ ๊ด์ฐ๋ณ์ ํ ๋ณ์ฆ์ด ํ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ฌ
์ด์ ๋ฌด์ญ๊ด๊ณ์ ์ง๋ํ ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์ณ์๋ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋ค์ ์ ๊ณ
๊ธฐ ๋ฌด์ญ์ ์ ์ํ๋ฅผ ๋์ง๊ธฐ๊ฒ ์๊ตฌํด์ค๊ณ ์์ง๋ง, ํ๊ตญ์ธ๋ค
์ ๊ฑด๊ฐ์ ๊ฑฑ์ ํ๊ณ ์๋ค. ์ด์จ๋ , ๊ด์ฐ๋ณ์ ์น๋ช ์ ์ด๋ผ์ ์
๋ถ ๋น๊ตญ์ ๋ณด์ฆ์๋ ๋ถ๊ตฌํ๊ณ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋ค์ ๋๋ ค์์ ์ฝ์ฌ๋ฆฌ ์
๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ค์ง ์๋๋ค. โ์ ์ํโ์ ๋ฒ์๋ฅผ ์ด๋๊น์ง๋ผ๊ณ ๊ฒฐ์ ์ง๋
๊ฒ์ ์ฌ์ด ์ผ์ด ์๋์ง๋ง, ํ๊ตญ์ ์ต๊ทผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์ ์์
๊ณผ ์์ ์ ๊ดํ ๊ตญ์ ํ์ค์ ๋ฐ๋ฅด๊ณ ์๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ผ์๋ ๋ถ๊ตฌํ
๊ณ , ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ฐ ์ ํ ๋ง๋ฆฌ์ ๊ด์ฐ๋ณ์ด ์์๋ค๋ 2003๋ 12์์
ํญ๋ก(๋ฐํ์ง)๋ ์ธ๊ต ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ๋ถ๊ฐํผํ๊ฒ ๊ณ์ ๊ธด์ฅ์ํฌ ๊ฒ์ด
๋ถ๋ช ํ๋ค. ๊ทธ ๊ธด์ฅ์ ๋ถ๋ถ์ ์ผ๋ก๋ ๊ฑด๊ฐ์ ๊ฑฑ์ ํ๋ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋ค
์๋๋ ค์์๊ธฐ์ธํ๋ค.
๊ณผํ์๋ค์ ๋์ค๋ค์๊ฒ ๊ฐ์ผ๋ ์ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋จน์์ผ๋ก์จ ์๊ฐ ์
๊ณ ์๋ ๊ฐ์ ์ง๋ณ์ ์ป์ ์ ์๋ค๊ณ ๋งํ๋ค. ๊ทธ๋์ ์๋ฏผ๋ค
์ ํ๋ฒ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ ์ ๋ ๋๋ง๋ค ์ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ํจํฐ๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ค์ ๋ฏธ์น๊ฒ
๋ง๋ค์ง ์์ฌํ๊ฒ ๋๋ค. ๋์ฑ์ด ๊ฐ์ ์ฃผ๋ถ๋ค์ ์ด์ ์ํผ์์
์ฌ๋ ์ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์ ์์ฐ์ง๋ฅผ ๊ผผ๊ผผํ๊ฒ ์ดํ๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ฌ๋๋ค์
์๋น์ ์๋ ์๊ฐ๋น ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ์ด ์ธ๋ฉด, ํ๋ฆผ์์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์ ์์ ๋
๊ฒ์ด๋ผ๋ ๊ฒ์ ์๋ฏธํ๋ค๊ณ ์๊ฐํ๋ค. ๊ทธ๋์ ๊ทธ๋ฐ ์๋น์์
๋จน๊ธฐ์ ์๋๋ฒ์๊ฐํด์ผํ๋ค.
์ด๋ฐ ์์ฌ ๋ง์ ํ๋์ ๊ทผ์์ ๊ทธ ๋ณ ์์ฒด์ ๋์ฐํ ํน์ง ๋
๋ฌธ์ด๋ค. ์ด ์ง๋ณ์ ๊ฐ์ผ๋ ์๋ค์ ๊ธฐ๋ฌํ๊ณ ์ด์ํ ํ๋์
๋ณด์ธ๋ค. ์๋ค์ด ๋์์์ด ๊ธด์ฅํ๊ณ ๋ถ์ํ ๊ฒ์ฒ๋ผ ๋ณด์ธ๋ค. ์
๋ค์ด ๊ฐ์๊ธฐ ๋์ด์ง๊ฑฐ๋ ๋นํ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ๊ฑท๋๋ค. ๊ทธ ์ด์ ๋ ๊ทธ
๋๋ฌผ์ ๋์ ์ค์ฌ ์ ๊ฒฝ ์ฒด๊ณ๊ฐ ๊ทธ ์ง๋ณ์ ์ํด ์์๋์๊ธฐ
๋๋ฌธ์ด๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๊ทธ ์ง๋ณ์ด ์ธ๊ฐ์๊ฒ ๊ฐ์ ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น๊ธฐ
๋๋ฌธ์, ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ์ผ๋ คํ๋๊ฒ๋๋ฉ๋ํ ๋งํ๋ค.
| ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ |
it is clear that the revelation (in December of
2003) [that one American cow had mad cow
disease] will inevitably continue to strain
diplomatic relationships
it is clear that ~์ that์ ์ง์ฃผ์ด that์ ์ด๋ฉฐ, that one
American cow had mad cow disease์ that์ the
revelation๊ณผ ๋๊ฒฉ์๋ํ๋ด๋ that์ด๋ค.
So citizens cannot put a burger to their lips
without wondering if the beef patty will make
them go crazy.
<not ~ without doing>์โ~ํ๋ฉด๋ฐ๋์โฆํ๋คโ๋ผ๋
์๋ฏธ์ด๋ค. ex. They never meet without quarreling.๊ทธ๋ค์๋ง๋๊ธฐ๋งํ๋ฉด๋ฐ๋์์ธ์ด๋ค.
Quiz
1. ๋ด ๋ฐฉ์๋๊ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ๊ฑฐ์์๋ค.
โ I have little furniture in my room.
2. ์ฑ์ง์๋ค์๊ทธํ์์์ฐธ์ํ๋ค.
โ The clergy were present at the meeting.
3. ๊ฐ๊ธ๋ฅ๋์ฌ๋์ด๋จน์์๋์ผ๋ก๊ณ ๊ธฐ์๋ฌ๊ฑ์์ ๊ณตํ๊ธฐ
์ํด์ฌ์ก๋๋์กฐ๋ฅ์ด๋ค.
โ Poultry are birds that are raised to provide
meat and eggs for human food.
The revelation in December of 2003 that one
American cow had mad cow disease will inevitably
continue to strain diplomatic relationships.
The revelation์ด๋์ด๋ค๋ด์ฉ์ธ๊ฐ?
โ ์ด๋ค๋ด์ฉ: that one American cow had mad
cow disease
โ ํด์: ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ฐ์ ๊ณ ๊ธฐํ๋ง๋ฆฌ๊ฐ๊ด์ฐ๋ณ์ด์์๋ค๋
ํญ๋ก(๋ฐํ์ง)
<๋ฌธ์ฅ์๊ตฌ์กฐ>
์ฃผ์ด โ The revelation (์ ์น์ฌ๊ตฌ) โ in December of 2003(๋๊ฒฉ์ ) โ that one American cow had mad
cow disease ๋์ฌ โ will inevitably continue ๋ชฉ์ ์ด โ to strain diplomatic relationships
1. Americans have been pushing for the
normalization of the beef trade. (~์ ๋์ง๊ธฐ๊ฒ์๊ตฌํด์ค๊ณ ์๋ค)
2. Defining โnormalizationโ is not an easy thing to
do. (ํ๊ธฐ ์ฌ์ด์ผ์ด์๋๋ค)
3. Scientists tell the public that by eating infected
beef they can get the same disease cows have.(์๊ฐ ์ง๋๊ฐ์์ง๋ณ์์ป์์์๋ค)
4. Citizens cannot put a burger to their lips without
wondering if the beef patty will make them go
crazy. (~์ ์์ฌํ์ง์๊ณ ์๋)
5. The reason is that the animalsโ brain and central
nervous system are being broken down by the
disease. (๊ทธ ์ด์ ๋ ~๋ผ๋๊ฒ์ด๋ค)
WRITING
STRUCTURE
GRAMMAR
Answer Keys 49
| ์ ๋ต |
1. โก / โค
2. โข
3. 1015 bits
4. โฃ
| ํด์ค |
1. The pulses ~ the neuron are commands sent bythe brain telling different parts of the body what to
do๋ผ๋ ๋ถ๋ถ์์โก They are cells that process and
transmit information.(๋ด๋ฐ์ ์ ๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฒ๋ฆฌํ๊ณ ์ ์กํ๋
์ธํฌ์ด๋ค.)์ ๋ด์ฉ์ ํ์ธํ ์ ์๋ค. ๋ํ they are
actually creating sufficient electricity์์ โค They
create electric pulses that travel through our
body.(๋ด๋ฐ์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์ ํตํด์ ์ด๋ํ๋ ์ ๊ธฐํ์ค๋ฅผ ๋ง
๋ค์ด๋ธ๋ค.)์ ๋ด์ฉ๋ํ์ธํด๋ณผ์์๋ค.
๋ค์ ์ค๋ด๋ฐ์๊ดํด์ฌ์ค์ธ๊ฒ์? (2๊ฐ)
โ ๋ด๋ฐ์์ ์ฒด์๊ฐ๋ถ๋ถ์ํ๋๋ช ๋ น์ด๋ค.
โข ๋ด๋ฐ์์ง์๊ฐ๋์ํฌ๋งํผ์ถฉ๋ถํ์ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ์์ฑํ๋ค.
โฃ ๋ด๋ฐ์์ธ๊ฐ์์ ์ฒด๊ฐ๋ถ๋ถ์์๋ฐ๊ฒฌ๋ ์์๋ค.
2. ์ธ๊ฐ์๋๋๋ฅผ์ปดํจํฐ์ฉ๋์ 1015 bit๋ก ํํํ๋ฉด์, ์ธ์
๊ฐ ์ปดํจํฐ๊ฐ ๊ทธ ์ ๋๋ก ๋ ์๋ ์๊ฒ ์ง๋ง, ๊ทธ๋ ๋๋ผ๋ ์ปด
ํจํฐ๊ฐ ์ง๋ ์ ์๋ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์ ์ฌ๊ณ ์ ๊ฐ์ ์ ๊ทน๋๋ก ๋ณต์ก
ํ ๊ณผ์ ์ ์ธ๊ธํ ์ด์ ๋ โข to imply that it is
impossible for computers to surpass human
brains(์ปดํจํฐ๊ฐ ์ธ๊ฐ์ ๋๋๋ฅผ ๋ฅ๊ฐํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ถ๊ฐ๋ฅํ
๋ค๋๊ฒ์์์ํ๊ธฐ์ํด)์ผ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
ํ์๊ฐ 2๋ฒ์งธ ๋จ๋ฝ์์ ์ธ๊ฐ์ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์ ์ธ ์ฌ๊ณ ์ ๊ฐ์ ์
์ธ๊ธํ์ด์ ๋๋ฌด์์ธ๊ฐ?
โ ์ปดํจํฐ๊ฐ ๋์ค์ (๋ฐ๋ก) ์๊ฐํ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ ์ ๋ํ๋ผ ์
์์๊ฒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ์์ํ๊ธฐ์ํด
โก ์ ์ปดํจํฐ๊ฐ ์ธ๊ฐ์ ๋๋์ ์ข ์ข ๋น๊ต๋๋์ง๋ฅผ ์ค๋ช ํ
๊ธฐ์ํด
โฃ์ง๋ณด๋๊ธฐ์ ์๋ฏธ๋๋ชฉํ๊ฐ๋ฌด์์ธ์ง์ง์ ํ๊ธฐ์ํด
โค ๋๋์ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ์ ๊ณ ๋ คํด ๋ณผ ๋ ๋ฌด์์ด ๊ฐ์ฅ ์ค์ํ์ง ๋ณด
์ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ํด
3. 10 to the power of 15 bits์ 1015 bits์ด๋ค. ๊ทธ ๋ค์
petabit์ผ๋ก๋ ์ ์ถํ ์ ์๋ค. ์ฌ๊ธฐ์ peta๋ 1015์ ์
๋ฏธํ๋ค.
4. (a) ์ธ์ ๊ฐ ์ปดํจํฐ๊ฐ ์ธ๊ฐ์ ๋๋ ์ฉ๋๊ณผ ๋น์ทํด์ง ์๋
์๊ฒ ์ง๋ง, ๊ทธ๋ ๋๋ผ๋ ์ปดํจํฐ๋ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์ ์ฌ๊ณ ์ ๊ฐ์ ์ ๊ฐ
์ง ์ ์๋ค๋ ์๋ค ๋ฌธ๋งฅ์ด๋ฏ๋ก However๊ฐ ์ ์ ํ๋ค. (b)
์์ ๋ด์ฉ์ ๋ค์ ํ ๋ฒ ๋ฐ๋ณตํ๊ณ ์์ผ๋ฏ๋ก, In other
words๊ฐ ์ ์ ํ๋ค.
| ๋ณธ๋ฌธ |
The human brain is composed of more than 100billion neurons (nerve cells) through whichelectric pulses travel at more 400 km an hour.The pulses generated by the electricallyexcitable membrane of the neuron arecommands sent by the brain telling differentparts of the body what to do. As these electricpulses travel throughout our body they areactually creating sufficient electricity to power alight bulb. The production of electricity obviouslyrequires a fuel source which in this case is thefood we eat. The brain is a huge consumer ofcaloric energy, using up an impressive 20% ofthe calories we eat.
Not only is the brainโs composition special, butso is its capacity. It is estimated that the mentalcapacity of a 100-year old human with perfectmemory could be represented by a computerwith 10 to the power of 15 bits (one petabit). Atthe current rate of computer chip development,that figure can be reached in about 35 years.However, that represents just memory capacity,not the extremely complex processes of thoughtcreation and emotions.
It is often thought that only a few special peoplepossess photographic memory, but this is nottrue. According to scientists, anyone can trainhis or her brain so that he or she hasโphotographic memory.โ Orangutans anddolphins like humans can recognize themselvesin a mirror, but only humans seem to quicklyforget what they look like once they turn awayfrom a mirror. Can you draw a picture of yourselfwithout looking in a mirror? A few people can dothis by training the brain. In other words, ourcapacity to memorize is not something we are
Passage20
50 Aim High Reading | Level 3-A
born with. We need to train our brains in order touse this capacity.
| ํด์ |
์ธ๊ฐ์๋๋๋์ฒ์ต๊ฐ์ด์์๋ด๋ฐ(์ ๊ฒฝ ์ธํฌ)์ผ๋ก ๊ตฌ์ฑ๋์ด
์๋๋ฐ, ๋ด๋ฐ์ ํตํด์ ์ ๊ธฐํ์ค๊ฐ ์์ ์ฝ 400km ์ด์์ผ
๋ก ์ด๋ํ๋ค. ๋ด๋ฐ์ ์ ๊ธฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ์๊ทน๋ฐ๊ธฐ ์ฌ์ด ์ธํฌ๋ง์ ์
ํด ์์ฑ๋ ํ์ค๋ ์ ์ฒด์ ๊ฐ ๋ถ๋ถ์๊ฒ ๋ฌด์์ ํด์ผ ํ ์ง ๋ง
ํด ์ฃผ๋ ๋๋์ ์ํด ๋ณด๋ด์ง๋ ๋ช ๋ น์ด๋ค. ์ด๋ฐ ์ ๊ธฐํ์ค๋
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ชธ์ ์ฒด๋ฅผํ๋ฅด๋ฉด์, ์ค์ ๋ก ์์์ ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ์ผค์์์๋ง
ํผ์ ์ถฉ๋ถํ ์ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ค์ด๋ธ๋ค. ์ ๊ธฐ ์์ฐ์๋ ๋ถ๋ช ํ ์ฐ๋ฃ
๊ณต๊ธ์ด ํ์ํ๊ณ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์ฐ์๋ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ๋จน๋ ์์์ด ์ฐ๋ฃ๋ผ๊ณ
ํ ์ ์๋ค. ๋๋๋ ์นผ๋ก๋ฆฌ ์๋์ง์ ๋ง๋ํ ์๋น์์ด์ด์,
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ์ญ์ทจํ๋ ์นผ๋ก๋ฆฌ์ 20%๋ ๋๋ ๋๋ผ์ธ ์ ๋์ ๋ง์
์์์๋นํ๋ค.
๋๋๋ ๊ตฌ์ฑ์ด ํน๋ณํ ๋ฟ๋ง ์๋๋ผ, ๊ทธ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ๋ ๊ทธ๋ฌํ๋ค. ์
๋ฒฝํ ๊ธฐ์ต๋ ฅ์ ๊ฐ์ง 100์ด ๋ ธ์ธ์ ์ ์ ์ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ์ ์ปดํจํฐ๋ก
๋ 1015 bits๋ก ํํ๋ ์์์๊ฒ์ด๋ค. ์ปดํจํฐ์นฉ๋ฐ๋ฌ์ํ์ฌ
์๋๋ผ๋ฉด, ๊ทธ ์ซ์๋ 35๋ ์ ๋์์ผ๋ฉด๋๋ฌ๋ ์์๋ค. ํ์ง
๋ง, ๊ทธ๊ฒ์ ๋จ์ํ ๊ธฐ์ต ๋ฅ๋ ฅ๋ง์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ๊ฒ์ด๊ณ , ์ฐฝ์กฐ์
์ฌ๊ณ ์๊ฐ์ ์๊ทน๋๋ก๋ณต์กํ๊ณผ์ ์๋ํ๋ด๋๊ฒ์ด์๋๋ค.
๋จ์ง ์์์ ํน๋ณํ ์ฌ๋๋ค๋ง์ด ์ฌ์ง์ผ๋ก ์ฐ์ ๊ฒ์ฒ๋ผ ์ ๋ช
ํ ๊ธฐ์ต๋ ฅ์ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์๋ค๊ณ ์ข ์ข ์๊ฐ๋๊ณ ์์ง๋ง, ์ด๊ฒ์
์ฌ์ค์ด ์๋๋ค. ๊ณผํ์๋ค์ ์ํ๋ฉด, ๋๊ตฌ๋ ํ๋ จ๋ง ํ๋ฉดโ์ฌ
์ง ๊ฐ์ ์ ๋ช ํ ๊ธฐ์ต๋ ฅโ์ ๊ฐ์ง ์ ์๋ค. ์ธ๊ฐ์ฒ๋ผ ์ค๋์ฐํ
๊ณผ ๋๊ณ ๋๋ ๊ฑฐ์ธ์์ ์ค์ค๋ก๋ฅผ ์ธ์ํ ์ ์์ง๋ง, ์ธ๊ฐ๋ง์ด
๊ฑฐ์ธ์ ๋ซ์๋ง์ ์๊ธฐ๋ค์ด ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ์๊ฒผ๋์ง๋ฅผ ๊ธ๋ฐฉ ๊น๋จน๋
๊ฒ ๊ฐ๋ค. ๊ฑฐ์ธ ์์ ๋ค์ฌ๋ค๋ณด์ง ์๊ณ , ์ค์ค๋ก์ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ ๊ทธ๋ฆด
์ ์๋๊ฐ? ๋๋๋ฅผ ํ๋ จํ ์์์ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ๊ทธ๋ด ์ ์๋ค.
๋ค๋ฅธ ๋ง๋ก ํ๋ฉด, ๊ธฐ์ตํ๋ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ์ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ํ์ด๋๋ ์ด๋ค ๊ฒ
์ด ์๋๋ค. ์ด ๋ฅ๋ ฅ์ ์ฌ์ฉํ๊ธฐ ์ํด์๋ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋๋ฅผ ํ๋ จ์
ํฌํ์๊ฐ์๋ค.
| ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ |
the brain telling different parts of the body what
to do
๋์ฌ tell์ ๊ฐ์ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด(parts of the body)์ ์ง์ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด
(what to do)๋ฅผ ์ทจํ ์์๋ค.
Quiz
1. A: ๋ ๋งค์ฐ๊ธฐ์๊ฒ๊ฐ๊ตฌ๋. โ B: ์ ๋ง ๊ทธ๋์.
โ A: You look very happy. โ B: So I am.
GRAMMAR
2. A: ์ง๋ ์ฌ๋ฆ์๋๋ํ๋ฆฌ์์์๋ค. โ B: ๋๋ ๊ทธ๋ฌ์ด.
โ A: I was in Paris last summer. โ B: So was I.
The pulses generated by the electrically excitable
membrane of the neuron are commands sent by
the brain telling different parts of the body what
to do.
The pulses๋ ์ด๋ค์ ํ๋ฅผ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ๋๊ฐ?
โ generated by the electrically excitable
membrane of the neuron
commands๋ ์ด๋ค๋ช ๋ น์๋งํ๋๊ฐ?
โ sent by the brain telling different parts of the
body what to do
<๋ฌธ์ฅ์๊ตฌ์กฐ>
์ฃผ์ด โ The pulses generated by the
electrically excitable membrane of
the neuron๋์ฌ โ are ๋ณด์ด โ commands (๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ) โ sent by the brain (๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ) โ telling different parts of the body
what to do
1. The human brain is composed of more than 100
billion neurons through which electric pulses
travel at more 400 km an hour. (๋ด๋ฐ์ํตํด์์ ๊ธฐํ์ค๊ฐ์ด๋ํ๋ค)
2. These electric pulses are actually creating
sufficient electricity to power a light bulb.(์ ๊ตฌ ํ๋๋ฅผ์ผค์์๋)
3. Not only is the brainโs composition special, but
so is its capacity. (๋๋์๊ตฌ์ฑ์ดํน๋ณํ ๋ฟ๋ง์๋๋ผ)
4. But only humans seem to quickly forget what
they look like once they turn away from a mirror.(๊ทธ๋ค์ด์ด๋ป๊ฒ์๊ฒผ๋์ง๋ฅผ)
5. Our capacity to memorize is not something we
are born with. (์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ํ์ด๋๋์ด๋ค๊ฒ)
WRITING
STRUCTURE
Answer Keys 51
| A |01. ์ ํฉํ๋ค, ์ ์ํ๋ค
02. ์, ๊ฐ์ถ
03. ์ง์คํ๋ค
04. ์ธ๊ต์
05. ๊ทน์ฌํ
06. ์น๋ช ์ ์ธ
07. (์์) ๋ณ๋ค, (~์) ๋๋ค
08. ์์ฌ๋ง์, ํ์์ ์ธ
09. ์ถฉ๋ถํ
10. ์ฌ์ฑ์ด
11. ํ
12. ๋ค์จ๋ฒ๋ฆฌ๋ค
| B |01. extreme poverty
02. a herd of cattle
03. a fatal disease
04. use up all the money
05. establish diplomatic relations
06. My bird laid an egg.
| C |01. skeptical
02. Tadpoles
03. Territory
04. sufficient
05. concentrate
06. adapt
| D |01. โข
02. โข
03. โก
04. โ
05. โก
06. โ
07. โก
08. โก
09. โก
10. โข
Review